公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-11-22)
共收录 55 篇研究文章
1. Phytohormonal regulation of root exudation: mechanisms and rhizosphere function.
期刊: Plant signaling & behavior 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Root exudates are pivotal mediators of plant-soil interactions, influencing nutrient acquisition, soil structure, microbial community dynamics, and plant health. These exudates comprise primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, as well as secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, along with various enzymes and signaling molecules. Their secretion is tightly regulated by hormones, which orchestrate root development, exudate composition, and adaptive responses to environmental cues. Understanding hormones’ role in the root exudation process for plant development and interaction is important; therefore, we aimed to summarize and synthesize recent findings to highlight the roles of major hormones in regulating root exudation, including auxins, cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonates (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), and strigolactones (SLs). The current understanding summarizes how hormone signaling pathways, crosstalk, and developmental stage transitions modulate exudate profiles, thereby shaping rhizosphere interactions. Particular attention is given to defense-related exudation under biotic and abiotic stress, nutrient mobilization, and the promotion of beneficial microbial associations. The implications of hormone-regulated exudations for sustainable agriculture are discussed, with an emphasis on strategies to enhance nutrient uptake, improve stress resilience, and reduce chemical inputs. Finally, key knowledge gaps are identified, particularly the limited integration of controlled studies with field-based complexity, and the potential for integrating emerging tools, such as hormone-responsive biosensors and metabolomics, to advance agricultural settings is discussed.
2. Increasing Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease in a Japanese Health Checkup Population, 2004-2022.
期刊: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects more than 30% of the global population; however, trends in its prevalence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate prevalence trends of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with moderate alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in the Japanese general population. This retrospective study included participants who underwent health checkups between 2004 and 2022 in Gifu, Japan. SLD was defined by liver ultrasonography and categorised as either MASLD, MetALD, or ALD in the total population, as well as in non-obese (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 25 kg/m2), and lean (BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2) subgroups. Annual percent change (APC) in the prevalence of each SLD subtype was analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Among 184 463 participants, 49 651 (26.9%) were diagnosed with SLD, including 41 819 (22.7%) with MASLD, 3792 (2.1%) with MetALD, and 2037 (1.1%) with ALD. Over the study period, APC in the total population revealed significant increases in MASLD (APC, 2.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-2.66; p < 0.001) and MetALD (APC, 1.14%; 95% CI, 0.17-2.19; p = 0.026), with similar trends observed in the non-obese and lean subgroups. ALD prevalence increased only in the lean population (APC, 2.87%; 95% CI, 0.33-5.94; p = 0.031). MASLD and MetALD increased significantly irrespective of body composition, whereas ALD increased in the lean population over the past two decades. These findings highlight a silent rise of SLD in the Japanese general population. Epidemiological evidence on prevalence trends of steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with moderate alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) remains scarce, especially in Japan Prevalence of MASLD and MetALD significantly increased from 2004 to 2022 in the Japanese general population, regardless of body composition. A notable rise in ALD prevalence was observed specifically among lean individuals, indicating a hidden burden in this subgroup.
3. Exploring Microbial and Biophysical Aspects of Dry Skin: In Vivo Test of a Novel Skincare Formulation.
期刊: Journal of cosmetic dermatology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Dry skin is a prevalent dermatological concern influenced by environmental factors and characterized by compromised skin barrier integrity. In addition to this, skin microbiota is involved and plays a crucial role in maintaining microbial flora balance. This study aims to investigate dry skin condition and microbiota then the efficacy of a novel skincare formulation (Nourish 3-Biotic Rich Serum) containing prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics in addressing dry skin symptoms and rebalancing skin microbiota. They are mainly microorganism lysate, together with fermented substances such as oligosaccharides, enzymes, and peptides, that support and provide nourishment to bacteria that live on the skin. Serum formula and serum placebo were tested in a single-blind study in which 20 female volunteers aged 28-65 with dry skin were enrolled. Several skin biophysical parameters related to skin barrier condition (stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), protein content), mechanical properties (R0, R2) and topographic appearance (skin roughness) and skin microbiota analysis were monitored over 30 days of daily application of the products in a split-face protocol. To better understand the results, the selected panel was then divided into two groups based on different ages: younger (< 50 years) and older (> 50 years). This study highlighted that the product has proven to have a moisturizing action, exerts a cellular renewal action, improves skin firmness and elasticity, and reduces skin roughness. For microbial analysis, the main evidence is that both the placebo and the product help restore the skin microbiota but only the product increased the quantity of Cutibacterium acnes (one of the primary commensal bacteria of the skin) and was able to decrease the abundance of Pseudomonas koreensis usually associated with dry and rosacea skin with beneficial effects.
4. Efficacy and Tolerability of a Topical Peptide-Hyaluronic Acid Lip Treatment Using a Novel Delivery System in Subjects With and Without Prior Lip Augmentation.
期刊: Journal of cosmetic dermatology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lips are prone to dehydration and aging. Effective noninvasive hyaluronic acid (HA) delivery remains challenging. To evaluate topical Replenishing Lip Filler-Tiered Release Vesicles (RLF-TRV) in filler-naïve and previously-augmented lips. Two single-center trials evaluated efficacy and tolerability of RLF-TRV Serum. Study 1 included filler-naïve subjects or those without lip filler for 12 months. Study 2 enrolled subjects with prior HA lip augmentation (3-9 months earlier) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants applied RLF-TRV or placebo twice daily for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week regression period. Outcomes included grading of shine, texture, and vermilion border, Investigator and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (I-GAIS, S-GAIS), and satisfaction. Imaging and tolerability assessments were conducted throughout the study. RLF-TRV significantly improved lip aesthetics (shine, texture, and vermilion border), with high satisfaction across both studies. In Study 1, 94% of treated participants were “Improved” on I-GAIS (p < 0.001), and 81% were “Much-Improved” on S-GAIS (p < 0.05). In Study 2, 88% of treated participants were “Improved” on both I-GAIS and S-GAIS. RLF-TRV was well tolerated, with no recorded adverse events. RLF-TRV significantly improved lip aesthetics, offering a noninvasive alternative or complementary treatment to injectable procedures.
5. Novel insights into predicting the presence of micropapillary and solid components in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma using machine learning models of modifiable risk factors.
期刊: Annals of medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC) patients with micropapillary (MP) and/or solid (S) generally demonstrate a poorer survival prognosis. In the diagnosis and treatment of stage IA LUAC, precisely establishing personalized treatment strategies for patients is crucial for both clinical practice and scientific investigation. Our study aims to develop a novel prediction model based on machine learning (ML) to predict the probability of MP/S patterns in stage IA LUAC patients. Our retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,933 patients diagnosed with stage IA LUAC via postoperative pathological staging, focusing on evaluating MP/S pattern presence. MP/S-positive patients were matched with negative patients at a 1:2 ratio. Univariate logistic regression and Lasso regression were used to select variables with independent prognostic significance. The performance of the traditional logistic regression model was compared with nine ML models based on the identification and calibration. Nodule type, spiculation, Carcinoembryonic antigen level, maximum solid component diameter, median CT value, and CT value range were identified as independent influencing factors for predicting MP/S patterns. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model performed best among all ten models. The internal validation indicated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.790, a Brier score of 0.167, and a Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test P value of 0.817, while external validation yielded an AUC of 0.790, a Brier score of 0.167, and a HL test P value of 0.120. Shapley additive explanation analysis revealed “nodule type” could alter the predicted probability of MP/S component presence by 13.6%, establishing it as a significant factor. An interpretable KNN model was successfully developed to predict the presence of MP/S components in stage IA LUAC patients, demonstrating superior predictive performance. Accurate evaluation of relevant tumor characteristics possesses substantial clinical significance, as it enables guidance on the optimization of surgical approaches to enhance patient prognosis.
6. "If you want to work, let's work out how to make this happen": An interpretive description study of occupational therapists' perspectives of supporting young adults experiencing psychosis with their employment.
期刊: Australian occupational therapy journal 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Young adults experiencing psychosis want to work but most of them do not, even though success in employment and careers is possible. Occupational therapists are ideally placed to support young adults experiencing psychosis with employment, but evidence on contemporary occupational therapy practice in this area is lacking. This study asked occupational therapists who work with young people experiencing psychosis to share their perspectives about employment support. An interpretive description study design was used with data collected through a focus group of expert informant occupational therapists. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. There was no consumer and community involvement. Seven occupation therapists (4 to 23 years’ experience) participated. All supported young adults experiencing psychosis who wanted to work. They perceived occupational therapists as using direct and indirect service provision. Direct service provision comprised person-centred occupation-focused employment support interventions to build occupational performance skills and explore and help secure potential work roles and career opportunities. Indirect service provision involved advocating inside mental health systems for work as a valid and valuable intervention goal if this is what the young person wanted; simplifying pathways in mental health and employment service systems; adopting early intervention approaches to employment support; and identifying enabling social and employment contexts. Occupational therapists perceive current practice involves integrating an occupation-focused person-centred approach to employment support within their roles, which may be interdisciplinary. They use direct and indirect service provision. Direct focused on the young person; indirect occupational therapy focuses on mental health, employment and social environments experienced by the young person. Early intervention, rather than traditional vocational rehabilitation, is the approach used. This study presents a contemporary description of occupational therapy employment support practice in mental health services for young people experiencing psychosis. Young people who have psychosis want to work but many do not. Occupational therapists can help young people who have psychosis find a job. We asked occupational therapists who work with young people how they help them find jobs. They told us that occupational therapists help young people feel hopeful about their job goals. They also encourage young people to think about things they are good at and jobs and careers they might like. Occupational therapists help young people find jobs they want. Occupational therapists also ask families and friends to help young people find jobs. Occupational therapists share stories about how other young people with psychosis have been successful finding jobs. They also help young people learn how to manage having psychosis, so it does not get in the way of having a job. It is important that services supporting young people help them keep their jobs while they are receiving treatment for psychosis.
7. Association of preoperative chronic opioid use with 1-year revision rate, mortality, and patient-reported outcomes after primary hip and knee arthroplasty: age, sex and BMI matter - a Dutch register-based study.
期刊: Acta orthopaedica 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Our aim was to study the association between chronic preoperative opioid use and 1-year revision rate, mortality, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after primary total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). We also investigated whether age, sex, or BMI modified these associations. TKAs and THAs performed for osteoarthritis between 2013 and 2018, originating from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register, were linked to the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics. Chronic preoperative opioid use was defined as > 1,800 morphine mg equivalent dispensed 1 year before surgery and ≥ 1 opioid prescribed 30 days before surgery. Outcomes were 1-year revision rate, mortality, self-reported physical functioning, pain, and quality of life (QoL). Incidence rates were calculated; Cox regression and linear mixed models were used. We assessed effect modification by assessment of supra-additive effects. Preoperative chronic opioid use occurred in 4.5% of 29,739 THAs and 3.4% of 27,873 TKAs. Chronic opioid use doubled mortality and revision rates for both TKAs and THAs (range of hazard ratios 1.7-2.1). The association of preoperative opioid use with 1-year revision rate was larger in males, in patients with a BMI ≤ 30 (THA) and > 30 (TKA), and 66-75-year-olds. Younger patients exhibited a more pronounced association between opioid use and reduced physical functioning and QoL, and increased pain. Sex and BMI had no modifying effects on PROs. Preoperative chronic opioid use was associated with a higher likelihood of 1-year revision and mortality and worse PROs. The associations with revision risk were modified by age, sex, and BMI. Age also had a modifying effect on PROs.
8. Efficacy of Bispectral Index-Guided Sevoflurane Administration in Pediatric Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: An up-To-Date Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Paediatric anaesthesia 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The bispectral index (BIS) represents a promising tool for monitoring the depth of hypnosis. However, its utility in guiding sevoflurane administration during general anesthesia in pediatric patients is not well known. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing BIS-guided versus standard practice sevoflurane administration in pediatric patients. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials were searched for trials published up to May 2025. Analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4.1., and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. We included nine studies randomizing a total of 730 pediatric patients, of whom 359 (49.2%) were managed with BIS monitoring. BIS-guided anesthesia was associated with significantly lower mean end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, both during the maintenance phase (MD -0.46; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.29; p < 0.00001) and at the end of surgery (MD -0.31; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.14; p = 0.0003). Furthermore, the BIS-guided group experienced a shorter time to airway removal (MD -1.69 min; 95% CI: -2.84 to -0.55 min; p = 0.004) and a shorter time to post-anesthesia care unit discharge (MD -11.82 min; 95% CI: -17.80 to -5.84 min; p = 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium score between groups (MD -0.35; 95% CI: -1.90 to 1.19; p = 0.65). BIS-guided monitoring offers a strategy to reduce end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, shortening time to airway removal and post-anesthesia care unit discharge in pediatric patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia. PROSPERO, review no. CRD420251067409.
9. Prevalence of Insomnia by Sex in U.S. Service Members: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Insomnia is a significant yet underrecognized concern among U.S. service members (SMs), with broad implications for health, performance, and operational readiness. Prior prevalence estimates of insomnia vary widely, often because of inconsistent definitions, measurements, and study designs, which limits clear interpretation in the absence of pooled estimates. Sex-specific prevalence has also been reported in primary studies; however, findings remain mixed and inconclusive without pooled estimates. Branch-specific data are even more limited and can therefore only be synthesized descriptively. Unlike previous reviews, no meta-analysis has estimated insomnia prevalence solely on U.S. SMs and disaggregated by sex, leaving a critical gap in understanding within the military. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall and sex-specific prevalence of insomnia in SMs and describe available data by service branch. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published between January 2016 and October 2024. Eligible studies reported insomnia prevalence in U.S. military populations. Meta-analyses were conducted in R using a random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity. Eight studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 3 cohort and 5 cross-sectional designs, with insomnia sample sizes from 49 to 66,869 participants. The pooled prevalence of insomnia was 18% (95% CI, 0.11-0.29, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%). Sensitivity analysis yielded a slightly higher prevalence of 23% (95% CI, 0.18-0.29, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%). Sex-specific subgroup analysis revealed female SMs had higher odds of insomnia than males (OR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.12-3.76, P < .001, I2 = 98.7%), supported by sensitivity analysis (OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.36-1.54, P = .91, I2 = 0%). Branch-specific meta-analysis was not feasible because of limited data. This review begins to address the gap by providing prevalence estimates of insomnia among SMs by narrowing wide-ranging prevalence estimates to a pooled range of 18-23% and demonstrating higher odds among females compared to males. Findings provide a more precise epidemiologic estimate and highlight the need for standardized insomnia measurement tools, expanded and consistent sex- and branch-specific research, and the incorporation of occupational and contextual factors. Addressing these gaps is critical to inform health planning and to support future sex- and branch-specific efforts to optimize readiness across the U.S. military.
10. Convalescent plasma in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
期刊: Internal medicine journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Convalscent plasma (CP) was identified as a potential therapy for COVID-19 available early in the pandemic. To evaluate CP for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 within the Australasian COVID-19 Trial (ASCOT). ASCOT is an investigator-initiated, international, open-label, randomised clinical trial. Adult patients hospitalised with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 within 12 days of symptom onset and not receiving intensive respiratory or vasopressor/inotropic support were randomised to two units of CP or standard care. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who died or required intensive respiratory support (invasive or non-invasive ventilation) or vasopressors/inotropic support in the 28 days after randomisation. The trial steering committee decided to discontinue the study in January 2021 in response to external evidence suggesting the futility of CP. Between May and November 2020, 33 participants were enrolled from eight sites across Australia and New Zealand. At baseline, nine (53%) in standard care and seven (47%) in CP arms required supplemental oxygen, three participants (all in the CP arm) required non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen and over half were taking dexamethasone. The primary outcome was met by 23.5% (4/17) of standard care and 7% (1/15) of CP participants. One serious adverse event was reported in the CP arm, which was deemed not treatment-related. Fewer participants allocated to CP died or required new intensive respiratory or vasopressors/inotropic support in the 28 days after randomisation compared to standard care. However, our trial was stopped early in response to external evidence, and our sample size was small, limiting any definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy or safety of CP.
11. Urinalysis with reflex to culture- is 10 the magic number?
期刊: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Application of conditional urinalysis criteria to inform whether to complete a urine culture, may safely reduce over diagnosis and treatment of UTI. Clinical outcome studies assessing the accuracy of these approaches in different settings remains necessary.
12. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Clinical Significance of Dysplasia: A Multi-Institutional Study.
期刊: The Laryngoscope 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a benign sinonasal tumor with a tendency to recur and potential for malignant transformation. Dysplasia may be present, ranging from mild to severe. We aim to evaluate the effect of dysplasia on tumor behavior and patient outcomes. Retrospective chart review of SNIP cases from 2002 to 2023 treated by fellowship-trained Rhinologists at seven institutions. Clinical data were extracted, and tumors were histologically confirmed. Four hundred and forty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 58 years with an average postoperative surveillance of 27 months. Most patients had tumors without dysplasia (74.3%), followed by severe (10.5%), mild (10.0%), and moderate (5.1%) dysplasia. The overall recurrence rate was 11.6%. Unifocal attachment was most prevalent in tumors without dysplasia. Among patients with multifocal attachment, recurrence was highest in those with severe dysplasia (38.1%) compared to no dysplasia (17.2%). Unifocal attachment was associated with improved recurrence-free survival in all three histology types (without, mild, and moderate dysplasia). In the largest study to date examining the effect of dysplasia on patient outcomes, we found that SNIP that has severe dysplasia to be high risk for recurrence while the other three types of dysplasia to be of lower risk. We therefore propose a two-tiered grading system to improve consensus among pathologists and to guide patient counseling. In the treatment of SNIP, high-risk dysplasia is more often associated with multifocal attachment pattern and remains the most challenging to treat.
13. Diagnostic performance of a new framework for identifying obesity.
期刊: Journal of internal medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
14. Ethanol, acetaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide, and neutrophil extracellular traps: four-pronged attack on gut epithelial barrier.
期刊: Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The intestinal epithelial barrier is formed by epithelial cells and their associated junctional complexes, comprising tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. The junctional complex is composed of specialized junctional proteins that regulate nutrient permeability across the gut epithelium, while preventing penetration of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. Disruption of the junctional complex integrity and tampering with the junctional protein function lead to intestinal hyperpermeability, a phenomenon known as “leaky gut.” This leakiness results in endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, which together orchestrate metabolic diseases of multiple organs, notably fatty liver and hepatitis, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular lesions, renal disease, and CNS disorders. This article reviews the molecular and signaling mechanisms by which ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide downregulate and redistribute the junctional proteins, thereby compromising the gut epithelial barrier function resulting in hyperpermeability. These data are gathered from investigations with patients with alcohol use disorder, alcohol-fed animals, and intestinal cell culture models. The review also covers the emerging role of neutrophil-derived neutrophil extracellular traps in executing the pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelial barrier in conditions of intestinal inflammation associated with alcohol consumption, experimental intestinal injury, colitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, enteric nutrition, and diabetes. Thus, adequate nutritional support is essential for sustaining gut health and maintaining the barrier function. When the gut barrier is compromised, the intestine becomes a “portal”, leading to systemic metabolic disease pathogenesis.
15. Fabrication of Crosslinker-Free Chitosan-HPMC Hydrogel for Implant Coating: A new Approach for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis.
期刊: Journal of drug targeting 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Treatment of osteomyelitis is challenging because the systemic circulation often cannot deliver sufficient concentrations of antibiotics directly to the site of infection. The aim of this study was to fabricate a crosslinker free hydrogel coating composed of chitosan and HPMC (CH) containing gentamicin (GEM) as a promising strategy to prevent infections associated with orthopedic implants. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the hydrogel had no toxic effects against human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and mouse fibroblast L929 cells. The developed hydrogel exhibited good hemocompatibility and the capability for long-term and slow release of GEM. In vivo study revealed that the WBC and NEUT values significantly reduced in rats treated with CH-GEM (WBC: 120%, NEUT: 131%) compared to those untreated and treated with CH alone (WBC: 172%, NEUT: 264%). According to X-ray findings, the group treated with CH-GEM exhibited slight periosteal reaction and screw loosening. Histological evaluation confirmed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells in the rats treated with CH-GEM compared to the other groups. The CFU counting results displayed a significant reduction in bacterial load on the bone, decreasing from 8.5 × 108 CFU in the CH group to approximately 750 CFU in the CH-GEM group. Additionally, bacterial presence in the surrounding tissues was completely eradicated, with CFU counts dropping from approximately 3000 CFU to 0 CFU. The present findings revealed that CH-GEM coating might provide a promising platform for preventing post-operative osteomyelitis.
16. EcoDrug PLUS: an advanced database for drug target conservation analysis and environmental risk assessment.
期刊: Nucleic acids research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
EcoDrug PLUS (EcoDrug+; https://ecodrugplus.helsinki.fi/) is a freely available and publicly accessible database, established to facilitate environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and other bioactive substances, including veterinary medicines and pesticides. EcoDrug+ advancements on the original ECODrug database include a more extensive and intuitive graphical user interface for investigating the potential for chemicals to interact with protein targets based on their conservation with human drug, veterinary, and pesticide targets across 180 phylogenetically diverse wildlife taxa. EcoDrug+ integrates genomic and chemoinformatic data from open-access sources for ~7200 pharmaceuticals, 34 000 agrochemicals, 61 000 human metabolites, and 5800 other bioactive chemicals. Advanced search capabilities of EcoDrug+ include the ability to interrogate the database via text queries, chemical structure drawings, target protein sequence BLAST, and/or specified mechanisms of action. Chemical compound data are organized into clusters to facilitate the exploration of similar groups using interactive knowledge graphs. The integration of effects-based knowledge informs on appropriate endpoints and susceptible species for the testing of drugs (and other bioactive chemicals). Georeferenced measured environmental concentrations (for n = 266 chemicals) furthermore provide relevant exposure data for testing and environmental risk analysis.
17. Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire in Hebrew (H-DSMQ) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Israel.
期刊: Research in nursing & health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern, including in Israel. Effective Diabetes self-management (DSM) is critical for achieving glycemic targets and preventing complications. While several tools exist to assess DSM, none have been translated for Hebrew-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) into Hebrew (H-DSMQ) and evaluate its psychometric properties. The DSMQ was translated into Hebrew using a standard forward-backward translation procedure. A convenience sample of 220 community-dwelling adults with T2D in Israel was recruited via PANEL4ALL. Internal consistency was tested with Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was examined via Confirmatory Factor Analysis and known-groups validity, and criterion validity through correlations between H-DSMQ scores, HbA1c, and BMI. The H-DSMQ construct validity was supported by CFA. In addition, known-groups validity was established, with participants with less than 7% reporting significantly higher self-management in glucose monitoring, dietary control/nutrition management, and healthcare use compared to those with above 7.1% HbA1c levels. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant negative correlations between HbA1c and healthcare use/glucose monitoring, and between BMI and nutrition management/physical activity. The reliability of the H-DSMQ subscales ranged from poor (healthcare use, α = 0.461) to good (physical activity, α = 0.83). The H-DSMQ is a reliable and valid tool for clinical and research purposes to assess self-care behaviors related to blood glucose management in Hebrew-speaking adults with T2D. The H-DSMQ may support nurses by encouraging constructive and comprehensive dialog for assessing DSM.
18. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Clinical Practice Guideline Adherence for Patellofemoral Pain (knEE-CAPP): Protocol for a Multisite, Parallel-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial in the Military Health System.
期刊: Physical therapy 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) frequently affects military personnel, caused by the physical demands of duty-related training. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) can guide PFP management, yet physical therapist practice patterns vary and often exclude CPG-recommended, evidence-based interventions. The Evaluating the Effectiveness of Clinical practice guideline Adherence for Patellofemoral Pain (knEE-CAPP) trial assesses whether a CPG-adherent physical therapy approach more significantly reduces pain, disability, health care utilization, and analgesic medication prescription in Service members with PFP as compared to usual physical therapist care. This is a multisite, parallel arm randomized controlled trial. The study will be conducted at 4 outpatient military physical therapist clinics. Male and female active-duty Service members (n = 440) ages 18 years or older with PFP will be included. Participants will be randomized to receive CPG-adherent or usual physical therapist care. CPG-adherent care includes a standardized examination and treatment protocol based on the 2019 American Physical Therapy Association’s PFP CPG Decision Tree Model. This model subcategorizes impairments to guide targeted interventions. Usual care encompasses care delivered by outpatient physical therapist providers without research team directives. Anterior Knee Pain Scale (a patient-reported measure of knee-specific function) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (a patient-reported measure of knee pain intensity). Changes in Anterior Knee Pain Scale and Numeric Pain Rating Scale scores at 3-month follow-up will be compared between arms. Secondary outcomes (perceived duty- and deployment-related confidence, knee-related health care utilization, and analgesic medication prescription) will be compared up to 12-months post-randomization. This trial will determine the effectiveness of a standardized, CPG-adherent approach to PFP management for optimizing function, reducing long-term health care costs, and improving readiness for duty. A protocolized, CPG-adherent approach that can be implemented across health care settings is proposed.
19. The Impact of Perceived Support on Burn Therapists' Professional Quality of Life.
期刊: Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Healthcare professionals who care for burn survivors are frequently exposed to patient pain, trauma, and distress, placing them at high risk for burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress. These occupational stressors threaten both the health and career longevity of providers and the quality of patient care. Perceived support-an individual’s belief that organizational and social supports are present and reliable-may mitigate these risks and promote professional well-being. This secondary analysis examined the relationship between perceived support and professional quality of life outcomes in burn therapists. Data (n=140) were drawn from a 2023 survey utilizing the Professional Quality of Life Scale; additional items assessed perceptions of workplace and peer support. Findings from Spearman rank-sum analyses demonstrated significant positive associations between compassion satisfaction and perceived support. Specifically, feeling connected to others and having trusted colleagues to discuss struggles were strongly protective, while feeling “bogged down by the system” was linked to higher stress and lower satisfaction. Both feelings of connection and support correlated with lower levels of workplace burnout. Results highlight the critical role of interpersonal and organizational supports in sustaining resilience and compassion among burn therapists. Interventions that foster team connectedness, reduce systemic barriers, and enhance perceptions of organizational concern may reduce occupational stress, strengthen professional fulfillment, and decrease turnover. Promoting perceived support is an actionable strategy to protect the well-being of burn rehabilitation providers and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes.
20. Urinary Peptidomic Profiling In Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Study.
期刊: Proteomics 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infection (PASC) is challenging to diagnose and treat, and its molecular pathophysiology remains unclear. Urinary peptidomics can provide valuable information on urine peptides that may enable improved and specified PASC diagnosis. Using standardized capillary electrophoresis-MS, we examined the urinary peptidomes of 50 patients with PASC 10 months after COVID-19 and 50 controls, including healthy individuals (n = 42) and patients with non-COVID-19-associated myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) (n = 8). Based on peptide abundance differences between cases and controls, we developed a diagnostic model using a support vector machine. The abundance of 195 urine peptides among PASC patients significantly differed from that in controls, with a predominant abundance of collagen alpha chains. This molecular signature (PASC195) effectively distinguished PASC cases from controls in the training set (AUC of 0.949 [95% CI 0.900-0.998; p < 0.0001]) and independent validation set (AUC of 0.962 [95% CI 0.897-1.00]; p < 0.0001]). In silico assessment suggested exercise, GLP-1RAs and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) as potentially efficacious interventions. We present a novel and non-invasive diagnostic model for PASC. Reflecting its molecular pathophysiology, PASC195 has the potential to advance diagnostics and inform therapeutic interventions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Despite the recent emergence of omics-derived candidates for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), the pending validation of proposed markers and lack of consensus result in the continuous reliance on symptom-based criteria, being subject to diagnostic uncertainties and potential recall bias. Building upon prior findings of renal involvement in acute COVID-19 pathophysiology and PASC-associated alterations, we hypothesized that the use of urinary peptides for PASC-specific biomarker discovery, unlike conventional specimens that have been utilized thus far, may offer complementary information on putative disease mechanisms. In the present study, 195 significantly expressed peptides were used to form a classifier termed PASC195, which effectively discriminated PASC from non-PASC (p < 0.0001), including healthy individuals and non-COVID-19-associated myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, in both the derivation (n = 60) and an independent validation set (n = 40). The peptidome profile associated with PASC was consistent with a shift in collagen turnover, with most PASC195 peptides derived from alpha chains. Ongoing inflammatory responses, hemostatic imbalances, and endothelial damage were indicated by cross-sectional variations in endogenous peptide excretion.
21. Uncovering missed opportunities to provide holistic care for a cross-sectional cohort of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples in a metropolitan hospital.
期刊: Internal medicine journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic disease disproportionately affects Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. More is needed to enhance prevention, detection and chronic disease care. To describe and quantify chronic disease markers and reasons for hospital admission in a cross-sectional cohort of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Retrospective medical record review (paper-based and electronic) in a metropolitan tertiary referral, Level 1 trauma hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. A cohort discharged from the study hospital (January-December 2017) was identified using admission and discharge data. Records were selected for inclusion sequentially based on discharge. Main outcome measures were primary outcomes demographics, reasons for admission, presence of chronic disease and chronic disease markers. The patient cohort (n = 300) was young (mean age: 45 years (range: 16-79 years)), and primarily male (n = 191/300, 64%), with high levels of multiple chronic diseases and related complications. Nearly four in 10 had no general practitioner (n = 116/300, 39%). Nearly one in five (n = 54/300, 18%) had no fixed address. The cohort was often admitted more than once, and admissions were most often for substance use or mental health. Findings quantify previously unpublished levels of chronic disease markers and reasons for hospital admission of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Findings highlight missed care opportunities, within hospital for all chronic diseases and on transitions of care to the community. More is needed to make hospital system changes that encourage clinicians to provide holistic care. Further research using continuous quality improvement methods could help rethink these systems.
22. Non-Completed Matches in Professional Women's Tennis (1975-2024): Epidemiology, Trends, and Associated Factors of Walkovers and Defaults.
期刊: Sports health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Walkovers (WOs) and Defaults are significant occurrences in professional tennis, leading to uncompleted matches. WOs typically result from injuries, illnesses, or unforeseen circumstances, while Defaults stem from code of conduct violations. Understanding their epidemiology is essential for optimizing competition structure and injury prevention strategies. The incidence of WOs in Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) tournaments increases over time. Both WOs and Defaults are associated with competition-related factors. Retrospective cohort study. Level 3. A total of 706,816 singles matches from WTA tournaments between 1975 and 2024 were analyzed. To assess the occurrence of WOs and Defaults, potential associated factors were analyzed using absolute and relative epidemiological measures. The overall incidence of WOs was 5.3 per 1000 matches (95% CI, 5.13-5.47), with a slight increase observed in recent years. The WTA Tour recorded the highest incidence (incidence proportion [IP], 5.62; 95% CI, 5.28-5.98). WOs were most frequent in qualifying rounds (IP, 8.09; 95% CI, 7.66-8.55), final rounds (IP, 7.22; 95% CI, 6.75-7.73), and on carpet courts (IP, 7.21; 95% CI, 6.39-8.11). Defaults were extremely rare, with an overall incidence of 0.15 per 1000 matches (95% CI, 0.12-0.18). The highest Default incidence was recorded in qualifying rounds (IP, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.14-0.28) and was most frequent on hard courts (IP, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.13-0.22). Competitive structure and playing surface play a role in the occurrence of WOs and Defaults. These findings underscore the importance of injury prevention strategies, fair play policies, and player support systems to minimize disruptions in competition. Understanding the epidemiology of WOs and Defaults can help inform injury prevention strategies, optimize tournament formats, and guide policy development to reduce uncompleted matches in the WTA.
23. Improving uptake of pediatric vaccines through religious conferences and mobile vaccine clinics in Aceh, Indonesia (TABRIE): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.
期刊: Trials 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite advancements in child immunization, inadequate immunization rates in low- and middle-income countries persist due to inadequate health infrastructure, challenges in vaccine supply and distribution, insufficient healthcare provider training, and low levels of community trust in vaccines. Aceh, a religiously conservative province in Indonesia, has low pediatric vaccination coverage and exemplifies the need for innovative vaccine delivery models. Evidence suggests interventions should target both logistical barriers (e.g., distance or clinic wait times) and societal factors, including misinformation, that contribute towards vaccine hesitancy. The trial “TABRIE” will measure the impact of two strategies on children’s vaccination rates and parental attitudes towards vaccines in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia, compared to current outreach strategies. The two strategies being tested are (a) an informational conference with religious leaders who work in specific clinics and (b) a mobile vaccine clinic staffed with community health workers conducting a variety of outreach events. We will execute a stepped wedge cluster randomized design with baseline measures and a cross-sectional sampling structure. Twelve districts (Kecamatan) will be randomized into one of the two strategies. In year 1, three districts from each strategy will implement the intervention, with the other three districts implementing the strategy in the second year. We will conduct cross-sectional surveys in September 2023 (baseline), September 2024 (year 1), and September 2025 (year 2). The primary outcome is the proportion of fully vaccinated children aged 1-5 years for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), polio, and measles. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of children aged 1-5 years with at least one dose of DTP and measles vaccines, the proportion of vaccine-hesitant parents, social norms surrounding vaccination, parental trust in community health workers to administer vaccines, the proportion of parents experiencing distance barriers to vaccination, the proportion of parents reporting that their religious leader encourages vaccination, and the proportion of parents receiving vaccination information from their religious leader. This study will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial to separately estimate the effects of religious conferences and mobile vaccine clinics on pediatric vaccination rates and parental attitudes towards vaccination. It will offer a novel paradigm in vaccination delivery by inserting vaccination from clinics into social spaces that provide alternative, community-centered policy solutions to vaccine hesitancy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06160999. Registered on December 14, 2023.
24. Long-read structural variant discovery and targeted short read genotyping enables population scale characterization of structural variation in rhesus macaques.
期刊: Genome biology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Due to their close evolutionary relationship with humans, rhesus macaques are an important pre-clinical model. While genetic diversity driven by short nucleotide variation has long been studied in rhesus macaques, there is comparatively little known about structural variation, with most published studies focused on cross-species comparative analyses. Understanding the degree and implications of intraspecies structural variation is essential to all biomedical research using rhesus macaques as a model. Here we present long-read sequencing of 59 rhesus macaques, identifying a catalog of 339,334 structural variants (SVs), which we subsequently genotype in a cohort of 2,645 individuals with short read whole genome sequencing data to create the largest public dataset of rhesus macaque SVs. These data reveal population structure within rhesus macaque SVs based on both geographic ancestry and to a lesser degree, breeding center. While there is evidence of strong purifying selection against SVs within exons, 0.7% of SVs overlap exons, with an average of 16.9 rare SVs per subject predicted to have a high impact on protein coding sequences. Notably, rhesus macaque SVs are dominated by Alu retrotransposition events, which comprise 55.7% of SVs and suggest significantly different modes of SV formation relative to humans and great apes. This dataset represents the largest study of structural variation in rhesus macaques to date and demonstrates use of both long and short-read datasets to generate SV genotype data. These data enable the consideration of structural variation impact in rhesus macaque-based research and will also aid the development of primate pangenomes.
25. Mental health first aid training to improve depression literacy among health ambassadors in Iran: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
期刊: Trials 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
One of the strategies for enhancing the mental health literacy of the community could be capacity building in the field of mental health first aid (MHFA) training among health ambassadors, who serve as volunteers between health service providers and families. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of MHFA training packages for depression prevention using critical thinking methods on the depression literacy (as a key component of mental health literacy) of health ambassadors to assist in the early identification and timely referral of individuals with depressive disorders. Depressive disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions, yet many individuals delay or avoid seeking treatment due to stigma and limited awareness. Improving mental health literacy is therefore essential to promote early recognition and timely help-seeking. Health ambassadors, as community volunteers linking families to health services, are uniquely positioned to support this goal. This study applies a culturally adapted MHFA training package for depression, delivered through critical thinking and role playing, in improving the depression literacy (as a key component of mental health literacy) of health ambassadors. The trial seeks to determine whether this approach enhances their ability to recognize symptoms, provide initial support, and facilitate referral to professional care. This is a study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 10 comprehensive health service centers (CHSCs) in Islamshahr, Iran. A computer-generated random sequence will assign five centers to the intervention group and five to the control group. The allocation sequence will be prepared and concealed by an independent epidemiologist not involved in recruitment or intervention delivery. From each center, 25 eligible health ambassadors (women aged 25-45 years with ≥ 2 years of experience) will be randomly selected, yielding a total sample of 250 participants. The intervention group will receive an eight-session, culturally adapted MHFA training package delivered using problem-based learning and role-playing methods. Depression literacy (as a key component of mental health literacy) will be assessed at baseline and 2 months post-intervention using the questionnaire developed by Reavley et al. (2014). For statistical inference, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be employed to examine group differences, and multivariate linear regression will be applied to adjust for potential confounders, using SPSS software version 24. A p-value of < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. This protocol describes a trial designed to evaluate whether mental health first aid (MHFA) training with a critical thinking approach can improve depression literacy (as a key component of mental health literacy) among health ambassadors. Findings from this study may provide evidence to guide future mental health promotion strategies, particularly for the early identification and referral of individuals with depression and the prevention of suicide. Iran Randomized Clinical Trial Center IRCT20231225060521N1. Registered on 21 January 2024 (current status: ongoing).
26. Smoking status and the onset of suicidal ideation among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
期刊: Annals of general psychiatry 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
As previous research has linked smoking to suicidal behavior, it is possible that smoking may have played a role in suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relatively little research has examined this association. To address this gap, the present study examined the relationship between smoking status and the onset of suicidal ideation in Japan during the pandemic. Data were analyzed from 3,164 adults from the Japanese general population who participated in an online survey in early 2023. Information was collected on smoking status and incident suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression was conducted to examine associations. In a fully adjusted analysis, current smoking was associated with significantly higher odds of the onset of suicidal ideation in the total sample (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.37, 3.90). In a sex-stratified analysis, both former (OR: 4.49, 95%CI: 1.75, 11.50) and current smoking (OR: 6.12, 95%CI: 2.67, 14.01) were associated with the onset of suicidal ideation in men, whereas no such association was observed in women. Smoking was associated with the onset of suicidal ideation among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the association observed in men but not women.
27. Analysis of genes involved in immune response in children with HLH - case series.
期刊: Pediatric rheumatology online journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an excessive immune activation syndrome. The genetic studies on every patient diagnosed with HLH recently became a standard of care. The likelihood of identifying a gene mutation is highest in the youngest patients. Four HLH patients had changes in the following five genes: NLRP1 (c·923 G > A), DOCK 8 (Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8) (c·3067A > G), AIRE gene (c·10 G > A) and one in the RNASEH2B (c·649T > C), PSTPIP1 (c·1213C > T). No mutations in genes previously associated with HLH syndrome were found. The described cases show that genetic analysis is helpful for the diagnosis of HLH in pediatric patients. The functional analysis of a putative mutation is essential for understanding the pathological mechanism; while not every change in DNA might be responsible for the disease. Each patient might have different mutations; however, they all develop the same clinical outcome. Disruption at different levels can result in a similar picture.
28. Model for compassion fatigue onset in cancer care nurses: focusing on patient traumatic events and nurses' cognitive reactions.
期刊: BMC nursing 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
29. Factors related to identification and treatment of pain underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms: a prospective study using data from a multi-component dementia care programme.
期刊: BMC palliative care 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pain identification and treatment are important for managing the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and improving quality of life in people with the condition. Quantitative clarification of facilitators and barriers to pain identification and treatment is warranted for multi-component programme implementation. This study aimed to identify the factors related to pain identification and treatment in both care recipients and providers, through the implementation of a multi-component dementia care programme for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study used longitudinal data from naturalistic long-term care settings between April 2022 and March 2025 in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 1,282 care recipients with 3,497 evaluations was included. Care professionals from community and residential care providers participated in a multi-component programme for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia. They provided information concerning care recipients using a web-based tool. Care professionals held interdisciplinary discussion meetings to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms, identify their underlying causes and establish an action plan to address the identified causes. We conducted a multilevel binomial regression analysis using pain identification and treatment as dependent variables. The independent variables included sex, type of dementia and type of provider at the between-person level. Within-person-level variables included the types of caregivers involved in the meetings, prescribed medications, the number of identified causes other than pain and the levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms per evaluation. Of the 3,497 evaluations, 1,617 (46%) identified pain, and 517 (32% of evaluations with pain identified) targeted pain in the action plans. Pain identification was more likely to occur in individuals with greater number of identified causes underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms, fewer symptoms of apathy and those in residential care providers compared to home care management agencies or individual home care providers. Pain treatment was significantly more likely to appear in action plans that included care managers in interdisciplinary discussion meetings, in individuals with fewer identified causes underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms, fewer symptoms of hallucinations, and in those receiving care from residential care providers rather than home care management agencies. The involvement of care managers in interdisciplinary discussion meetings may facilitate pain treatment to address the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Educational strategies are warranted to help front-line care workers improve their pain management skills.
30. Barriers and mitigating strategies to routine HIV screening in emergency departments: A national qualitative study.
期刊: HIV medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
The goal of this study was to explore current barriers and mitigating strategies to routine HIV screening in emergency departments (EDs) using a national sample of ED leadership, including both physician and non-physician providers. We employed an exploratory research design informed by the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Participants were recruited from a comprehensive database of US EDs, targeting directors from diverse urban, suburban and rural settings. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews conducted during May 2023 to July 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Twenty-one individuals participated in the study. Five key themes were identified: (1) The role of the ED within HIV screening; (2) Adequate resources and buy-in-from staff to administration-are crucial for successful screening programmes; (3) Institutional and structural determinants shape ED HIV screening; (4) HIV stigma persists; and (5) Operationalization of ED HIV testing is crucial. The participants highlighted the strategic potential of EDs for HIV screening, the need for institutional support and challenges posed by staffing, logistical issues and stigma. This study provides an in-depth exploration of the barriers and mitigating strategies to HIV screening in US EDs through the lens of directors around the country. Despite the capacity and strategic potential of EDs to contribute to HIV prevention, significant challenges persist, including staffing, logistical issues and stigma. Institutional investment in staff support systems, integration of HIV screening into electronic medical records and efforts to normalize HIV screening are essential to enhance the efficacy of screening programmes.
31. Recent Advances of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for Dental Infection and Periodontitis Detection.
期刊: Critical reviews in analytical chemistry 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Effective treatment, lower long-term expenses, and the avoidance of significant consequences, such as tooth loss, depend on the early identification of periodontitis (PD) and other dental diseases. Dentists can significantly enhance patient outcomes by implementing preventive measures and individualized treatment regimens through early diagnosis and treatment. Novel biosensors are crucial because they identify specific biomarkers in biofluids, including saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), enabling early, precise, and noninvasive diagnosis. Compared to traditional approaches, our methodology provides a faster and more accurate assessment of periodontal health. For this reason, electrochemical biosensors are a game-changing technology that provides quick, noninvasive, and reasonably priced point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. These sensors detect disease-specific biomarkers in GCF and saliva, enabling the accurate and real-time evaluation of periodontal health. The use of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), such as graphene (GPH), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which improve sensor performance due to their large surface area and improved electrical conductivity, is a significant development in this sector. This study highlights the importance of CNPs in the development of highly sensitive and accurate electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and other oral disorders. Lastly, we discuss the present drawbacks and potential future developments of this intriguing diagnostic methodology.
32. FIB-4 Serves as a Referral Index for Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients With MASLD.
期刊: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
The association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), liver fibrosis, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) remains uncertain. We investigated their relationships and the predictive role of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. The study included 6058 subjects undergoing health check-ups and coronary computed tomography. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was identified via ultrasonography or hepatic steatosis index > 36. MASLD was defined as SLD with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors. Liver fibrosis severity was assessed using the FIB-4 index to assess its association with CAC and predictive performance at different CAC thresholds. MASLD was present in 39.8% of participants, with a higher CAC prevalence than non-MASLD individuals (51.1% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with the presence of CAC included age (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.117/1.106-1.128, p < 0.001), male gender (OR/95% CI: 4.448/3.660-5.406, p < 0.001), MASLD (OR/95% CI: 1.570/1.342-1.837, p < 0.001), and FIB-4 (OR/95% CI: 1.217/1.034-1.433, p = 0.018). Among MASLD subjects, the prevalence of CAC increased with FIB-4 value and cardiometabolic burdens. FIB-4 values increased progressively in patients with higher coronary artery calcium scores (p-trend < 0.001). A FIB-4 cut-off of ≥ 2.67 provided the highest positive predictive value (89.7%) for the presence of CAC, while a cut-off of 1.26 offered the best negative predictive value (95.1%) for severe CAC. MASLD patients with elevated FIB-4 are at increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Incorporating FIB-4 into routine assessment may help identify high-risk individuals who could benefit from early cardiology referral and preventive cardiovascular care.
33. Integrating dementia care into primary health services: lay health workers with internal facilitation in Uganda.
期刊: Aging & mental health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Dementia care is underdeveloped in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited specialist services. In Uganda’s decentralized health system, Health Assistants supervise Lay Health Workers (LHWs), yet dementia care is not part of their remit. This study explored the feasibility of the WHO Lay Health Worker Dementia Care model with Internal Facilitation (WLDC+IF), in which Health Assistants support LHWs in delivering community-based dementia care. We conducted formative qualitative in-depth interviews with eight LHWs from two rural parishes in northern Uganda. Guided by the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, thematic analysis examined three domains: implementation support, process improvement, and practice sustainment. The WHO Dementia Toolkit and the facilitator role were introduced conceptually during interviews to assess perceived feasibility. LHWs were willing to deliver dementia care but cited limited training, lack of job aids, and unclear referral pathways as barriers. Health Assistants were viewed as trusted supervisors who could offer structured guidance and feedback. Participants emphasized the importance of public sensitization to reduce stigma, caregiver support groups to address isolation and burden, job-aid materials for education, and environmental modifications (home safety). Follow-up visits, documentation, and feedback were identified as practical ways to sustain practice. WLDC+IF is a feasible, leadership-centered strategy that leverages existing health system structures to integrate dementia care into primary services. Positioning Health Assistants as internal facilitators may strengthen local supervision, build LHW capacity, and address psychosocial/clinical needs, with potential to reduce caregiver burden, and improve quality of life.
34. Review of risk factors and surgical treatment progress for gallbladder cancer.
期刊: Hereditas 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
To systematically review the latest evidence on risk factors and surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer (GBC), with a focus on current controversies and consensus in international guidelines, analyze the application prospects of minimally invasive surgery in advanced GBC, and provide direction for clinical practice and future research. Literature on GBC risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies published from 2018 to 2024 was retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The retrieved literature was summarized, compared, and critically analyzed. The pathogenesis of GBC involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. Beyond gallstones and polyps, mutations in TP53 and ERBB2/ERBB3 genes, metabolic syndrome (obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia), and chronic infections (Salmonella, Helicobacter) are significant risk factors. Surgical resection remains the primary curative approach, yet the optimal extent of surgery is debated: Is hepatic resection always necessary for T1b stage? What is the oncological safety of laparoscopic surgery for T2 stage? What is the value of extended resection for T4 stage? Recently, targeted therapies (e.g., against ERBB2, NTRK) and mmune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1)have shown promise in advanced GBC. Combating GBC requires a comprehensive strategy encompassing health education, screening of high-risk populations, precise staging, and individualized multimodal treatment. Future research should focus on building molecular subtype-based prognostic models, conducting high-level clinical studies to resolve surgical controversies, and exploring the integration of novel adjuvant therapies with traditional surgery.
35. A cluster-randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a multifaceted versus a discrete implementation strategy on fidelity to an occupational guideline for the prevention of mental health problems at the workplace: a dual perspective from Swedish schools.
期刊: Implementation science communications 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although the management of psychosocial risks in the work environment represents an evidence-based approach to the prevention of mental health problems, its implementation is limited, including in schools, and knowledge on how to support better implementation is scarce. This study compares the effectiveness of a multifaceted vs. a discrete implementation strategy on fidelity to an occupational guideline for the prevention of mental health problems. Dual perspectives were used to assess fidelity, an important aspect of the measurement agenda. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted among 55 schools in Sweden. A multifaceted strategy (educational meeting, implementation teams, ongoing training, Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, and facilitation) was compared with a discrete strategy (teams participating in the educational meeting). Fidelity to the guideline’s recommendations from the recipients’ perspective was measured by questionnaire (Baseline n = 2276; 12 months n = 1891). Fidelity from the implementers’ perspective (n = 54) was assessed via a checklist at 12 months. Linear mixed modeling was used. A qualitative approach was applied to analyze the open-ended responses to the checklist. Absolute changes in recipient fidelity were observed in all three indicators of the guideline’s recommendation 1 (Multifaceted: 13.2 to 19.5%, Discrete: 10.4 to 13.2%). A statistically significant effect was found favoring the multifaceted strategy (d = 0.16). The indicator of recommendation 2 also supported the effect of the multifaceted strategy (Multifaceted: 9.2%, Discrete: 5.0%; d = 0.16). The largest difference between the strategies was observed for recommendation 3, for six indicators (Multifaceted: 0.7 to 13.9%, Discrete:-3.2 to 0.0%; d = 0.19 to 0.41). Convergence was observed between the two perspectives in support of the multifaceted strategy’s favorable effect on guideline fidelity compared to the discrete strategy. The findings complemented each other, with implementers describing the activities that were enacted and recipients quantifying the change in fidelity over time. The multifaceted strategy was more effective than the discrete strategy in fidelity attainment after 12 months. Assessing fidelity from the implementer and recipient perspectives provided an understanding of the contextual functioning of the strategies, highlighting the variation in fidelity and the importance of examining the need for adaptations of strategies during the implementation process. The trial was registered the 9th of August 2021 at Clinicaltrials.gov with Trial registration number: NCT05019937 .
36. Mutation in the knockdown resistance gene and population genetic structure in Culex tritaeniorhynchus from Guizhou Province.
期刊: Parasites & vectors 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the main vector of Japanese encephalitis virus. However, there is a gap in current research on the knockdown resistance gene (kdr) and population genetic structure of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province, China. We collected 365 Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes from ten geographic populations in Guizhou Province in 2023-2024 and analyzed the genetic diversity of the kdr gene with mutation at locus 1014 and the mitochondrial DNA-cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were also analyzed, and a haplotype network diagram and phylogenetic tree were constructed. Only the L1014F mutation (TTA → TTT) was detected at locus 1014 of the kdr gene in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province. The frequency of resistant alleles ranged from 0% to 8.8%, with higher frequencies observed in Dejiang (8.8%), Libo (7.1%), and Sandu (3.3%). All samples from the Xingren population were susceptible (SS). mtDNA-COI genes showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.989), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.023), low genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.001-0.140), and high gene flow (Nm > 1), suggesting that the population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province has high genetic diversity and frequent gene exchange. The haplotype network and phylogenetic tree indicated that possible cryptic or novel species existed in Guizhou Province in addition to the dominant populations. Overall, Culex tritaeniorhynchus has not yet developed widespread resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Guizhou Province, and the risk of spreading resistance genes needs to be continuously monitored owing to high population genetic diversity and frequent gene exchange.
37. Understanding Inequities in COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Job Loss in Michigan Through a Social Class Lens.
期刊: American journal of industrial medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequities, with disproportionate job loss experienced by marginalized groups. This study offers a class-based perspective to understanding inequities in pandemic-related job loss in Michigan. We used data from 2452 employed adults who participated in the Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study (MI CReSS), a population-based sample of adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in Michigan. We defined seven social classes using an adaptation of Erikson and Goldthorpe’s class scheme. Pandemic-related job loss was assessed through self-reported changes in employment status. Modified Poisson regression models were employed to estimate associations between social class and job loss, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, essential worker status, survey modality, and pandemic phase. Thirty percent of respondents reported pandemic-related job loss. In fully-adjusted models, the self-employed class had a 66% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 2.18) and the production class had a 60% (aPR 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.09) higher likelihood of job loss compared to the manager class. Education modified the relationship between class and job loss, with those with more education within each class having a lower prevalence of job loss. Distinct social classes were strongly associated with pandemic-related job loss. Employment relations are a modifiable social determinant shaping vulnerability to economic disruption, underscoring the need for future research on class as a mechanism contributing to pandemic-related health and employment inequities.
38. An evaluation of economic evidence included in published randomised controlled trials of interventions to prevent obesity in children.
期刊: Public health research (Southampton, England) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Childhood obesity is a public health policy priority. Policy-makers need an understanding of the costs of interventions to prevent childhood obesity alongside their effectiveness when tested in randomised controlled trials. It is not known what cost data have been included in published randomised controlled trials of childhood obesity prevention interventions. This study aimed to summarise these costs and identify associated economic evaluations published separately. This review summarises data extracted from studies included in two Cochrane systematic reviews of interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5-11 and 12-18 years old. Eligible interventions could be delivered in any setting and studies were randomised controlled trials reporting (standardised or unstandardised) body mass index outcome data at a minimum follow-up of 12 weeks post baseline. Databases searched included Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Searches were limited to between 1990 and 2023. Any cost data reported in the publications were extracted, in addition to citations of linked economic analyses. Data were tabulated and summarised using a narrative approach. Of the 244 randomised controlled trials included in the Cochrane systematic reviews, 85 (35%) included costs related to the trial, intervention, school, health sector, out-of-pocket or productivity costs, or were linked to a full economic evaluation published separately. Of the studies reporting costs, five (6%) studies reported results of a full economic evaluation within the trial paper. The majority of research costs were incentives for participation, identified in 41 (48%) studies. Where these are not part of the intervention itself, these would not usually be included in economic evaluations. Thirty (35%) studies included intervention costs, although reporting was inconsistent. The payer of the intervention was unclear in most publications, making the attribution of costs to sectors difficult. Only one study reported healthcare resource use data, but some estimated the cost of obesity-related chronic conditions in linked decision models. The findings of this review are limited to randomised controlled trials only and interventions for children aged 5 years and over. Other study designs may provide important cost data. Future work could explore the cost data needs of public health policy-makers and the impact of including incentives on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in public health randomised controlled trials. This is a novel synthesis of costs reported in randomised controlled trials of interventions to prevent childhood obesity. Overall, the reporting of any type of costs was low (35% of studies). The most common type of reported costs were intervention costs (e.g. staff costs, materials and training) and participant incentives for data collection, although five studies included full economic evaluations. This study complements published systematic reviews of economic evaluations in this area by offering new insights into the prevalence, type and quality of cost information included in the effectiveness literature. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR131572. Obesity in children and young people important as it can have implications for their health and wellbeing. Before paying for initiatives to prevent obesity (e.g. by improving diet), funders (e.g. the National Health Service) need evidence that they work, are safe and provide value for money (are cost-effective). We wanted to find out what costs obesity prevention research studies include. We also wanted to find out if the studies evaluated whether the initiatives are cost-effective. This information could be helpful when budgets are limited. First, we searched scientific databases for studies that tested diet and/or physical activity initiatives to prevent obesity in children and young people aged 5–18 years old. If studies met our criteria, we noted any cost data or calculations that the studies reported (e.g. the cost of the initiative). We also checked whether the authors had published economic evaluations in a separate journal article. Of the 244 studies that met our criteria, 85 reported costs or had reported value for money analysis elsewhere. Only five studies included economic evaluations, which combine costs and effects. Most costs included were incentives to provide data for the research study (e.g. vouchers to complete questionnaires). Other costs were the cost of providing the initiative (e.g. staff time), included in 30 studies, and costs participants paid for themselves (e.g. meal costs). We found that some studies provided cost data that might be helpful to people who pay for obesity prevention initiatives. Few studies reported detailed analysis combining both costs and outcomes, so decision-makers may need to look for other research articles. Incentives were used frequently. The ethics of paying children to participate in research and whether incentives influence study results require further research.
39. Implementation and use of technology-enabled remote monitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a rapid qualitative evaluation.
期刊: Health and social care delivery research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects around 2% United Kingdom population. Timely identification of patients at risk of deterioration is crucial. Technology-enabled remote monitoring may help prevent deterioration, support chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at home and appropriate use of National Health Service services. Evidence on the adoption, use and experience of technology-enabled remote monitoring in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathway is currently limited, impeding efforts to inform effective technology-enabled remote monitoring design and implementation. To understand what supports good practice in the implementation and use of technology-enabled remote monitoring in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care pathway and draw transferable lessons that can inform spread and scale up. Rapid evaluation, combining qualitative interviews, focused case studies and stakeholder workshops. Patient and public voices informed evaluation design, conduct and co-design of resources. Scoping interviews with a purposive sample of 29 national and regional stakeholders informed selection of four case study sites involved in delivering technology-enabled remote monitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Case studies combined interviews with 19 staff and review of 18 documents. Analysis was informed by the non-adoption, abandonment and challenges to scale-up, spread and sustainability of technology framework. A stakeholder workshop (n = 23 participants) refined emerging findings. Interviews with respiratory patients and a co-design workshop informed development of patient-facing resources. Technology-enabled remote monitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occurs along a continuum of scope and scale. Technology-enabled care pathways have some common overarching features, but variation is seen across contexts and patient cohorts. Technology-enabled remote monitoring services influence care provision on a system level. Effective implementation is underpinned by service characteristics affecting its use, technology functionalities and organisational capabilities and capacities. Technology-enabled remote monitoring success also depends on defining the data-driven purpose and value proposition, ensuring buy-in, organising the workforce and workload in sustainable ways, data and IT platform interoperability, support for patients in using the service safely and appropriately, utilising existing resources, team buy-in, financial resourcing and clear policy incentives, and openness to ongoing learning. Patients value technology-enabled remote monitoring services that help them feel more connected to healthcare providers and provide timely information and support. Healthcare staff value high-quality patient care, services value affordability and sustainable workload impact. Small-scale qualitative evaluation conducted at pace. Technology can support remote monitoring but is only one aspect of an effective technology-enabled remote monitoring service. It needs to be embedded in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathway and align with service needs and existing capacity in cost-effective ways and with proportionate oversight of quality and safety. Decision-makers need to consider which aspects of the technology are essential, how they can be effectively embedded and supported by an appropriately equipped workforce, and needs of different patient cohorts. There is a need for evidence on longer-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of technology-enabled remote monitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, impact on patient and staff experience, and issues of equity of access. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are needed to appreciate varied technology and evolving use in different settings/groups. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme as award number NIHR154231. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects about 2% of the United Kingdom population. Managing the condition effectively is critical to preventing worsening symptoms. One approach is technology-enabled remote monitoring, which uses medical devices (e.g. an inhaler or oximeter) to help monitor patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at home. While these services have potential, we need to understand how they can be used well. We examined how, where, why and by whom these services are being used to care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We interviewed 19 people working across four United Kingdom areas that offered technology-enabled remote monitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We shared and refined findings in a workshop with 23 healthcare staff, interviewed 6 patients and ran another workshop to ask 9 patients for their help in designing resources that healthcare teams might use to support patients. We found that technology-enabled remote monitoring is usually introduced in response to local patient needs. These services aim to monitor and support patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remotely in the comfort of their own home, but how services work varies in the technology used and nature of support provided. To work well, technology-enabled remote monitoring services need to have a clear purpose, appropriate technology characteristics, value for NHS staff and patients and be user-friendly. Patients value services that help them feel more connected to healthcare providers and provide timely information and support. Healthcare staff want to support high-quality patient care but also need to consider technology-enabled service affordability and how it affects their workload. In conclusion, technology-enabled remote monitoring can benefit chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care but must be thoughtfully included in existing healthcare systems, making sure that the technology complements current services, is affordable, and maintains quality and safety. More research is needed on the long-term effectiveness and affordability of such services, and potential impact on patient access and equity.
40. Promoting Human Intestinal Organoid Formation and Stimulation Using Piezoelectric Nanofiber Matrices.
期刊: Tissue engineering. Part A 发表日期: 2025-Nov-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human organoid model systems have changed the landscape of developmental biology and basic science. They serve as a great tool for human-specific interrogation. In order to advance our organoid technology, we aimed to test the compatibility of a piezoelectric material with organoid generation, because it will create a new platform with the potential for sensing and actuating organoids in physiologically relevant ways. We differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into spheroids following the traditional human intestinal organoid (HIO) protocol atop a piezoelectric nanofiber scaffold. We observed that exposure to the biocompatible piezoelectric nanofibers promoted spheroid morphology 3 days sooner than with the conventional methodology. At day 28 of culture, HIOs grown on the scaffold appeared similar. Both groups were readily transplantable and developed well-organized laminated structures. Graft sizes between groups were similar. Upon characterizing the tissue further, we found no detrimental effects of the piezoelectric nanofibers on intestinal patterning or maturation. Furthermore, to test the practical feasibility of the material, HIOs were also matured on the nanofiber scaffolds and treated with ultrasound, which lead to increased cellular proliferation which is critical for organoid development and tissue maintenance. This study establishes a proof of concept for integrating piezoelectric materials as a customizable platform for on-demand electrical stimulation of cells using remote ultrasonic waveforms in regenerative medicine.
41. Digital Games for Cognitive Enhancement in Healthy Older Adults: A Scoping Review.
期刊: Games for health journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cognitive decline in older adults is a significant public health concern that impacts quality of life. Digital games have emerged as accessible interventions with potential cognitive benefits for this population. This scoping review examines studies evaluating the effects of digital games on cognition in older adults. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, a systematic search identified 28 studies involving 1201 participants (mean age = 71.57 years). The interventions ranged from computer-based games-systems incorporating physical activity, such as Nintendo consoles, kinetic devices, and virtual reality. Cognitive outcomes were assessed across several domains, including executive function, memory, attention, processing speed, and language. Motor skills and executive function showed the greatest improvements; however, mixed outcomes were observed for other domains. Factors such as game complexity and participant demographics influenced variability, with complex games yielding greater benefits and device type having minimal impact. These findings suggest that digital games can be used as cognitive interventions for healthy older adults, particularly for executive function. Simultaneously, variability in results highlights the need for tailored interventions and optimized game design. Future research should explore long-term efficacy, the role of game complexity, and intervention characteristics-maximize therapeutic potential.
42. Complications Arising From the Use of Foot Abduction Orthosis (FAO) in Ponseti-Treated Clubfoot Patients.
期刊: Journal of pediatric orthopedics 发表日期: 2025-Nov-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although the Ponseti method is a gold-standard, noninvasive treatment for clubfoot, the bracing phase is often associated with complications, such as skin reddening, pressure sores, callus, pain, etc, leading to noncompliance and risk of recurrence. Despite its clinical relevance, very few studies have incidentally reported these. This study aims to assess the prevalence, progression, and resolution of brace-related complications to optimize brace design, improve compliance, and reduce recurrence rates. This prospective study was conducted at the MiracleFeet-supported Clubfoot Clinic in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Pakistan. Ninety-one clubfoot patients under age 2 years with postcasting Pirani score “0” were enrolled through convenience sampling. Complications were recorded at 24 hours, day 7, day 14, and day 30 using a standardized, pilot-tested questionnaire. Brace ease-of-use was assessed using an adapted USAID MiracleFeet tool. Descriptive statistics were applied using SPSS v29. Among the recorded complications, skin reddening (75.8%) and pain (88%) were the most common complications at 24 hours, followed by blisters/sores (42.9%) and distal tibial swelling (26.4%). Both sores and swelling were notably consistent till day 7, affecting 41.8% and 25.3% of the patients, respectively. While most complications declined significantly by day 30, muscle atrophy and weakness peaked at 32% on day 14 and persisted in 24.2% of patients. Callus formation was also reported in 10% of patients. Sweating-related discomfort and abduction bar breakage (9 cases) appeared as late issues. Parental feedback showed generally favorable brace usability, with heel placement being most difficult. Most complications declined over time, although several persisted or appeared later, such as muscle atrophy and swelling; however, brace compliance was high regardless. No relapse occurred during the 6-month study period. Given the lack of focused research, these findings underscore the need for improved brace design, more personalized follow-ups, and effective caregiver guidance. In low-resource settings, these will improve treatment protocols and help prevent disease recurrence. Level IV-Prospective case series on early brace-related complications in Ponseti-treated clubfoot patients.
43. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Prediction of Dry Matter and Starch Content in Cassava Using Optimized Calibration Models.
期刊: Journal of food science 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Dry matter content (DMC) and starch content (StC) are key quality traits in cassava breeding, yet traditional phenotyping methods are time-consuming and limit scalability. This study aimed to develop and compare predictive models for DMC and StC using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, evaluating two devices-a benchtop spectrometer (Büchi NIRFlex N-500; 1000-2500 nm) and a portable device (QualitySpec Trek; 350-2500 nm)-and assessing the influence of sample type (fresh vs. processed). A total of 3,391 cassava clones from the Embrapa breeding program were analyzed from 2018 to 2023. Reference values were obtained via gravimetric analysis (DMCg), oven drying (DMCo), and manual StC extraction. Spectral data were used to train and validate models using Partial Least Squares (PLS), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). PLS consistently delivered the highest predictive accuracy across traits and devices. KNN slightly outperformed PLS for DMCg using the benchtop device, while XGB was comparable to PLS in select scenarios (e.g., StC with the benchtop: 0.88 vs. 0.89; DMCo with the portable: 0.92 vs. 0.95). Processed samples yielded higher model accuracy than fresh ones. The portable NIR device showed better performance with processed samples and even surpassed the benchtop for DMCg and StC in external validation (0.74 and 0.76 vs. 0.71 and 0.72, respectively). Overall, processed sample preparation significantly improved model performance, and the portable spectrometer proved to be a practical, accurate, and scalable alternative for high-throughput phenotyping in cassava breeding.
44. Adapted Safety Plans to Address Self-Harm and Suicide Behaviours in Autistic Adults: single arm feasibility trial and external pilot RCT.
期刊: Public health research (Southampton, England) 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Suicide prevention is a national priority for United Kingdom government policy, and autistic people have recently been identified as a high-risk group in both the Department of Health and Social Care suicide prevention strategy and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suicide prevention guidelines. No suicide prevention interventions have been developed specifically for autistic people. Safety plans are a simple, cost-effective, potentially life-saving intervention. To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the use of Autism Adapted Safety Plans for autistic adults and to undertake an external pilot to explore whether a larger future definitive trial is achievable. Stage 1 involved focus groups with autistic adults (n = 15), family members (n = 5) and service providers (n = 10) to inform adaptations to the Autism Adapted Safety Plans. Stage 2 was an interventional single-arm feasibility trial where autistic adults (n = 8) completed an Autism Adapted Safety Plans with a supporter (n = 8). Data on recruitment, completion of study measures and participant feedback informed final adaptations to the Autism Adapted Safety Plans and research methods prior to stage 3. Stage 3 was a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial of Autism Adapted Safety Plans. Autistic adults were recruited via non-National Health Service organisations and self-referral. Participants were randomised without stratification to usual care ± Autism Adapted Safety Plans. The Autism Adapted Safety Plan was completed by the autistic adults with someone trained to support them. Research staff completing follow-up assessments were blind to participant allocation. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of the Autism Adapted Safety Plans to inform the parameters of a definitive randomised controlled trial. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 and 6 months. Stage 1 and 2 interviews highlighted the conditions needed to make the process of creating the Autism Adapted Safety Plans acceptable for autistic adults. Stage 2 also informed modifications to recruitment (to include self-referral) in stage 3. In stage 3, 53 participants consented, 49 were randomised to either Autism Adapted Safety Plans + usual care (n = 25) or usual care (n = 24). Sixty-eight per cent of participants were satisfied with the Autism Adapted Safety Plans and 41% rated it as usable. Feedback on the Autism Adapted Safety Plans and study processes employed in the trial were positive with suggested minor adaptations to some outcome measures. Retention of those randomised was 95% at 6-month follow-up. Completion rates for outcome measures were generally high (> 85%). Fidelity ratings for delivery of the Autism Adapted Safety Plans were 94% for therapeutic components and 91% for adherence to content. Autism Adapted Safety Plans are a potentially valuable intervention for autistic adults, provided that the process of creating it is flexible and sensitive to individual needs. The parameters of a future definitive trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Autism Adapted Safety Plans are achievable, with minor recommended adaptations. Further testing of the Autism Adapted Safety Plans to assess its clinical and cost-effectiveness in National Health Service clinical services is urgently needed. The sample size was below the initially intended sample of 70 participants due to difficulties with recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. As autistic participants self-referred into the study, data are not available regarding how many participants were approached to take part in the study. The majority of the study sample was White. A full definitive trial testing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Autism Adapted Safety Plans in National Health Service clinical services is warranted. This fully powered trial will need to recruit a more diverse sample than was possible in the pilot trial. Results suggest that minor adaptations to the Autism Adapted Safety Plans could make this more personalised and accessible, such as through an app or website. This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR129196. Autistic people are more likely to experience self-harm and suicidal behaviour than non-autistic people. No suicide prevention interventions have been developed specifically for autistic people. Interventions to support autistic people tend to work best when developed specifically to meet their needs. Safety plans are developed by people with help from staff to identify their own warning signs and what or who could help them when they are in crisis. Research shows that safety plans help keep people safe from self-harm and suicide. Safety plans may be potentially useful to autistic people. We need to adapt safety plans to make sure they are useful for autistic people. We asked autistic people, their families, and service providers, what they thought about a draft autism adapted safety plan. Their feedback helped us refine the safety plan for autistic people. Next, autistic adults completed a safety plan with a service provider. This helped us to refine the safety plan and study processes. Next, 25 autistic adults completed a safety plan with support and 24 autistic adults received usual care. We asked autistic adults to complete some questionnaires before, 1 and 6 months after consenting to take part in the study. We asked participants who completed an autism adapted safety plan what they thought about it. Most (68%) of the autistic adults were satisfied with their safety plan. Less than half of the autistic adults thought their safety plan was usable (41%). Autistic people said their experience of using their safety plan was positive. Autistic adults suggested minor changes to some questionnaires to make them clearer. Most participants remained in the study regardless of whether they received the autism adapted safety plan or not. The Autism Adapted Safety Plans were delivered to autistic participants very consistently by support workers. We conducted the first study to develop and test a safety plan intervention with autistic adults. Our findings suggest that autistic people are satisfied with Autism Adapted Safety Plans and with taking part in the study. This means that it is possible to undertake a larger study testing if Autism Adapted Safety Plans can reduce self-harm and suicidal behaviour in autistic adults. This further work could potentially help prevent the high rates of self-harm and suicide in autistic adults.
45. Sustainable Algal Lipids: A Paradigm Shift Towards Nutritional Security and SDG-2.
期刊: Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Algal lipids are increasingly recognized as a promising alternative to conventional lipid sources, offering a sustainable and efficient means to meet global nutritional demands. Their cultivation requires substantially less water and arable land compared to terrestrial oilseed crops, thereby aligning strongly with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG-2), which emphasizes improved nutrition and food security. Certain microalgal species can accumulate 50%-70% lipid content (dry weight basis), with a considerable fraction comprising long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These bioactive fatty acids are rarely abundant in traditional plant and marine sources, underscoring the nutritional superiority of algal lipids. Remarkably, some algal strains exhibit lipid productivities exceeding those of soybean oil by more than 20-fold per hectare, while simultaneously contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and providing a stable, renewable lipid supply. Beyond their nutritional significance, algal lipids are increasingly explored for functional food development, dietary supplements, and food processing applications. Advances in biotechnological extraction, stabilization, and metabolic engineering further enhance their industrial potential, ensuring higher yields, improved oxidative stability, and tailored fatty acid profiles. This review comprehensively examines the potential of algal lipids as sustainable lipid sources and functional food ingredients, highlighting recent innovations in production technologies, industrial applications, and stabilization strategies. It also emphasizes their role in strengthening food security, mitigating environmental impacts, and driving a paradigm shift in global lipid consumption patterns.
46. Cross-cohort validation and cutpoint estimation of the Janssen plasma p-tau217+ assay in predominantly cognitively normal community studies.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cross-cohort validation studies for plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 are limited. We evaluated the Janssen plasma p-tau217+ assay and proposed a cutpoint value in three independent community-based cohorts. We included n = 441 participants (age = 70.3 ± 7.3) from three independent community-based cohorts with amyloid-beta-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET), tau-PET, clinical, and cognitive information. The cohorts had low pre-test probability (%Aβ positivity = 14.9-24.7) and were predominantly cognitively normal (> 73%). Plasma p-tau217+ had high accuracy for abnormal Aβ PET (areas under the curve [AUCs] = 81-86%), good correlation with Aβ-PET burden (0.336-0.397) that was highest in the cohort with the most Aβ-PET-positive participants, and the biomarker concentrations were highest in the joint Aβ-PET and tau-PET positive group. Negative predictive value (NPV) was high across cohorts (≤93%) but positive predictive value (PPV) was consistently poor (< 57%). Sensitivity and specificity averaged 75% and 84%, respectively. A combined cohort cutpoint of 0.05pg/ml gave AUC = 84.5%, NPV = 94%, PPV = 50%, sensitivity = 75%, and specificity = 84%. Plasma p-tau217+ can rule out Aβ pathophysiology due to Alzheimer’s disease at the population level. Cohort-level %Aβ-PET positivity influences accuracies. Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 assays have demonstrated potential to identify older adults with brain amyloid pathology due to Alzheimer’s disease. Community-based studies are crucial for accessing the clinical validity of fluid biomarkers and their real-world applicability. We evaluated the Janssen plasma p-tau217+ assay in three community-based cohorts. Janssen plasma p-tau217+ identified amyloid-beta abnormalities across three diverse cohorts of community-dwelling older adults. High NPV indicates p-tau217+ as a good tool for initial screening to enrich for high-risk individuals particularly for cohort studies and clinical trial participation.
47. Contact sensitization in children and adolescents: Trends from a multicentre European study (2011-2022).
期刊: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Contact allergy is a clinically relevant condition already present in early childhood, yet longitudinal European data remain scarce. This updated ESSCA analysis (2011-2022) offers the most comprehensive pediatric patch test dataset to date, enabling comparison with the previous 2002-2010 ESSCA study. Standardized patch test data from 6961 children and adolescents (1-16 years) across 11 European countries was analyzed retrospectively. Sensitization rates, age distribution, allergen patterns, and associations with atopic dermatitis were assessed. Contact sensitization was identified in 29.3% of children and adolescents, similar to the 28.9% reported in 2015. The youngest children (1-5 years) showed an unexpectedly high sensitization rate (34.3%). Across age groups, sensitization to nickel sulfate and methylisothiazolinone (MI) was higher among children aged 1-5 years (19.7% and 4.2%, respectively) compared with adolescents aged 13-16 years (7.3% and 3.2%). Similarly, cobalt chloride sensitization was lower in the oldest group (4.3%) than in the youngest (13.1%). Sensitization to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was 1.4% in children aged 1-5 years and 0.7% in adolescents aged 13-16 years. Moreover, adolescents (13-16 years) exhibited a threefold increase in sensitization to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) compared to the 6-12-year age group. Notably, nickel positivity was highest in the northeast (27.2%) and lowest in the western region (e.g., UK, 6.6%), reflecting regional differences in product exposure. Contact allergy remains common in the pediatric population but reveals evolving sensitization profiles shaped by regulation and societal change. Sensitization to nickel and acrylates was higher in the youngest children compared to adolescents, whereas PPD sensitization was higher in adolescents. Younger children showed the highest overall prevalence, and regional differences persist. These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and periodic updates to pediatric patch test series to inform prevention and public health strategies.
48. Differences in the Neural Substrate for Physical and Mental Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
期刊: Brain and behavior 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Identifying patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who primarily experience a gradual decline in mental rather than physical quality of life (QoL) is clinically significant, as QoL worsening may be underestimated. This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and neural substrates of PwMS with predominantly reduced physical and mental QoL to distinguish between these patients. This study included 75 PwMS, of whom 56 had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 19 had progressive MS. The Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used to assess neuropsychological abnormalities and health-related QoL. Physical and mental QoL were not correlated. In a subset of PwMS, cluster analysis revealed that either physical or mental QoL was primarily affected. Patients with reduced physical QoL (n = 9) were generally older, more likely to have a progressive disease course, and had higher EDSS scores. Imaging revealed reduced whole-brain and grey matter volumes, as well as bilateral cortical atrophy in the frontal lobes, specifically in the left rostral middle frontal cortex. In contrast, patients with reduced mental QoL (n = 19) had a relapsing-remitting disease course and elevated MSNQ scores. These patients exhibited an increased lesion load, T1 white matter hypointensity volume, and bilateral cortical atrophy in the temporal lobes, specifically in the right insula and left superior temporal cortex. PwMS with predominantly reduced mental QoL exhibit distinct inflammatory changes that may contribute to disrupted connectivity and cortical atrophy in the lateral postcentral regions.
49. Disrupted Practice Effects and Altered Prefrontal Activation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An fNIRS Study Using the Stroop Task.
期刊: Brain and behavior 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Executive dysfunction, particularly inhibitory control, is an early core symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is often associated with altered prefrontal cortical activity. Repeated engagement in cognitive tasks may offer a means of assessing and potentially enhancing neural adaptability in these regions. This study examined how repeated Stroop task performance modulates executive function and prefrontal cortical activation in older adults with MCI, compared to cognitively healthy controls (HC), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of 37 older adults (17: MCI, 20: HC) completed three consecutive sessions of a computerized color-word Stroop task. Behavioral performance (reaction time) and hemodynamic responses (oxyhemoglobin, HbO) were recorded across predefined prefrontal regions of interest, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontopolar cortex. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in response time and reduced HbO activation in the VLPFC across sessions in the HC group, suggesting enhanced cognitive efficiency and selective inhibition. By contrast, the MCI group demonstrated delayed and limited adaptation, with meaningful changes occurring only in the final session. Healthy aging is associated with rapid neurofunctional adaptation to cognitive challenges, whereas individuals with MCI exhibit impaired plasticity in executive control circuits. fNIRS sensitively detects early executive deficits, supporting its potential for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.
50. Exploring sex-specific risk factors in cognitive decline: Insights into modifiable and non-modifiable determinants using a network analysis.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
How sex-specific risk factors for dementia interact remains understudied. Network analysis provides a novel approach to examine these relationships, offering insights into sex-specific risk factor connectivity in healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease (cognitive decline [CD]). A network analysis of 896 participants examined associations among modifiable, non-modifiable, and cognitive risk factors. Network invariance and global strength tests assessed structural and connectivity differences. In males, network invariance differed between HC and CD groups, but connectivity was unchanged. In females, network invariance and connectivity were significantly altered, with HC females exhibiting stronger overall connectivity. Key risk factors in females included systolic blood pressure and apolipoprotein E ε4, whereas males’ networks were primarily influenced by cognitive outcomes. Sex-specific networks suggest distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive decline. Future work differentiating mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease stages will refine our understanding of risk factor evolution and inform precision medicine approaches to dementia prevention. Sex-stratified networks of risk factors differ in healthy and cognitively impaired adults. Female networks show greater global connectivity in healthy versus cognitively decline groups. Apolipoprotein E, family history, and lifestyle factors show sex-specific centrality in networks. Network structure changes more in females across the cognitive decline spectrum. Findings support sex-specific modeling of dementia risk for precision prevention.
51. Metabolic Flexibility of Microglia: Energy Substrate Utilization and Impact on Neuronal Metabolism.
期刊: Journal of neurochemistry 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Microglia, the main resident immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in maintaining neuronal function and homeostasis. Microglia’s metabolic flexibility enables rapid adaptation to environmental changes, yet the full extent of their metabolic capabilities and influence on neuronal metabolism remains unclear. While microglia predominantly rely on glucose oxidative metabolism under homeostatic conditions, they shift towards glycolysis upon proinflammatory activation. In this study, we investigated microglial metabolism and its impact on neuronal metabolic homeostasis using isotope tracing with stable carbon 13C-enriched substrates and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Primary microglia were incubated with 13C-labeled glucose, glutamine, or GABA in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to assess metabolic adaptations upon an inflammatory challenge. Additionally, neurons co-cultured with quiescent or activated microglia (either with LPS or amyloid-β) were incubated with 13C-enriched glucose to examine microglia-neuron metabolic interactions. Our findings confirm that microglia readily metabolize glucose and glutamine, with LPS stimulation slightly changing the glycolytic activity, as indicated by subtle changes in extracellular lactate. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that microglia take up and metabolize the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, suggesting a novel metabolic function. Furthermore, microglial presence directly influences neuronal metabolism and neurotransmitter homeostasis, highlighting a previously unrecognized aspect of neuron-microglia metabolic crosstalk. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into microglial metabolism and its role in neuronal function, with implications for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in which microglial metabolism is dysregulated.
52. Tobacco abuse among public transport bus employees in Mumbai, India: A randomized control trial.
期刊: Indian journal of cancer 发表日期: 2025-Jul-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Consumption of tobacco products including smokeless tobacco is a public health problem. Measures of tobacco control along with promotion of tobacco cessation will have a great impact in reducing the burden tobacco-related diseases. The objectives of current paper were to create cancer awareness and understand predictors influencing use of smokeless tobacco among the public transport bus employees. Around 4000 public transport bus employees in Mumbai were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. They were randomized in four arms. Pretest and posttest were conducted to assess their knowledge attitudes and practices regarding tobacco use. Employees were given detailed health education regarding hazards of tobacco and were invited for oral cancer screening. The screen positive participants were referred to the nodal hospital for further management. 2118 (52.95%) employees enrolled consumed tobacco in smokeless forms. Only 174 (8.21%) tobacco users used smoking forms. Khaini was the most common form of tobacco used, followed by masheri/gul. The median frequency of use of different tobacco products varied from 2 to 4 per day. The mean age at initiation of tobacco was 25.76 ± 8.46 years. According to the results of the multivariate analysis, married men, above 40 years, bus driver, belonging to Hindu religion, consuming alcohol, and with no family member using tobacco use were at higher risk of being chronic tobacco users. Awareness about hazards of tobacco and stringent laws against use of smokeless tobacco should be implemented to guard the employees from harmful effects of tobacco use.
53. Developing a comprehensive ICF core set to document health and functioning in children with Cancer in India: A preliminary study.
期刊: Indian journal of cancer 发表日期: 2025-Jul-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to develop a comprehensive ICF Core Set for children with cancer to facilitate the documentation of their health and functioning. Two preparatory phase studies were conducted to gather perspectives from caregivers and healthcare professionals. Semi-structured interviews with caregivers and a cross-sectional survey with healthcare professionals were conducted to understand the challenges children face due to cancer and its treatment, as well as environmental factors impacting their functioning. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed qualitatively. The themes derived from the analysis were coded and linked to the ICF framework using Cieza linking rules. A comprehensive ICF Core Set comprising 156 categories was formulated by combining responses from 21 healthcare professionals and 18 caregivers. Categories were distributed across the body structure, body functions, activities/participation, and environmental factors domains. Specifically, 40 categories related to body structure, 65 to body functions, 23 to activities/participation, and 27 to environmental factors. The use of the ICF to develop the Core Set is significant as it provides a multidimensional perspective on the health and functioning of children with cancer. Incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the Core Set can assist multidisciplinary treatment teams in delivering individualized and holistic care to pediatric patients. Additionally, it can serve as a foundation for standardizing assessment tools and planning preventative and intervention strategies for this population.
54. Enhancing statistical analysis of real world data.
期刊: Database : the journal of biological databases and curation 发表日期: 2025-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides extensive public data on demographics, health, and nutrition, collected in 2-year cycles since 1999. Although invaluable for epidemiological and health-related research, the complexity of NHANES data, involving numerous files and disjoint metadata, makes accessing, managing, and analysing these datasets challenging. This paper presents a reproducible computational environment built upon Docker containers, PostgreSQL databases, and R/RStudio, designed to streamline NHANES data management, facilitate rigorous quality control, and simplify analyses across multiple survey cycles. We introduce specialized tools, such as the enhanced nhanesA R package and the phonto R package, to provide fast access to data, to help manage metadata, and to handle complexities arising from questionnaire design and cross-cycle data inconsistencies. Furthermore, we describe the Epiconnector platform, established to foster collaborative sharing of code, analytical scripts, and best practices, which taken together, can significantly enhance the reproducibility, extensibility, and robustness of scientific research using NHANES data.
55. The association between mental health, cognitive functioning, and health-related quality of life in adults with chronic nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.
期刊: Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic lung infection associated with persistent respiratory symptoms and diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL). As with other chronic conditions, increased levels of anxiety and depression can impact prognosis and HRQoL. To describe the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify HRQoL domains that are correlated with mental health in patients with NTM-PD. A cross-sectional observational study of adults with self-reported or clinically confirmed NTM-PD. Participants with NTM-PD enrolled in two studies (n = 40 interview + surveys and n = 230 completing electronic surveys only) at four U.S. sites. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years, English-speaking, and U.S. residence. In-person enrolled participants met ATS/IDSA criteria and had symptom documentation in medical records; remotely enrolled participants self-reported NTM-PD and symptoms. Data collected included demographics, GAD-7 and PHQ-8 (anxiety and depression screening, respectively), QOL-B Respiratory Symptoms Scale (RSS), selected PROMIS short forms (Fatigue 7a, Cognitive Function 6a, Sleep Disturbance 4a), and Patient Global Impression of Severity of NTM-PD symptoms (PGIS). Interview-only participants completed the GAD-7, PHQ-8, QOL-B RSS, and were evaluated for cognitive functioning using the computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test (oral version). The study population was predominantly female (57%/91% in the interview/survey studies, respectively) and aged >65 years (50%/77.4%). Overall, 18%/14% screened positive for anxiety and 32%/18% for depression. Participants screening positive for anxiety or depression had significantly lower QOL-B RSS, cognitive function, and sleep scores, and higher fatigue. Fatigue showed the strongest correlation with mental health outcomes, particularly with those screening positive for depression (ρ = 0.644, p < 0.05). Mental health symptoms are strongly correlated with worse HRQoL outcomes in NTM-PD. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of routine mental health screening and interventions in NTM-PD care.