公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-11-23)
共收录 57 篇研究文章
1. Application of Allium cepa Test for Genetic Toxicology.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Allium cepa (A. cepa) root tip assay is considered an excellent genetic model for genotoxicity screening and monitoring of environmental mutagens. The assay is highly versatile for genetic endpoints, inexpensive, quick, and easy to use. It can be used with a range of environmental conditions, pH, and temperature, and does not require any ethical regulations as required for animal models and cell lines. In this chapter, we describe the modifications of the assay to analyze different endpoints of genotoxicity. They include the most commonly used chromosome aberrations, the mitotic index to evaluate cytotoxicity, and the analysis of micronuclei to verify the mutagenicity of different chemicals. Moreover, the A. cepa test system also provides a sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damage and DNA repair capacity at the single-cell level by the Comet assay.
2. The Comet Assay in Human Biomonitoring.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human biomonitoring studies aim to identify potential exposures to environmental, occupational, or lifestyle toxicants in human populations and are commonly used by public health decision-makers to predict disease risk. The Comet assay measures changes in genomic stability and is one of the most reliable biomarkers to indicate early biological effects, and therefore is accepted by various governmental regulatory agencies. The appeal of the Comet Assay lies in its relative simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and economic efficiency. Furthermore, the assay is known for its broad versatility, as it can be applied to virtually any human cell and easily adapted in order to detect particular biomarkers of interest, such as DNA repair capacity or single- and double-strand breaks. In a standard experiment, isolated single cells are first embedded in agarose and then lysed in high-salt solutions in order to remove all cellular contents except the DNA attached to a nuclear scaffold. Subsequent electrophoresis results in the accumulation of undamaged DNA sequences at the proximity of the nuclear scaffold, while damaged sequences migrate toward the anode. When visualized with fluorochromes, these migrated DNA fragments resemble a Comet tail and can be quantified for their intensity and shape according to internationally drafted guidelines.
3. Micronucleus Assay in Human Lymphocytes and Exfoliated Buccal Cells.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The micronucleus assay is a widely used technique for detecting chromosomal damage in human cells, particularly lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells. This assay identifies micronuclei, which are small, extranuclear bodies containing chromosomal fragments or whole chromosomes that were not incorporated into the daughter nuclei during cell division. In human lymphocytes, the assay is typically conducted on cells stimulated to divide in culture, whereas in exfoliated buccal cells, it assesses naturally occurring cell samples. The micronucleus assay is valued for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to provide insights into genotoxic exposure, genetic instability, and cancer risk. Its application in biomonitoring and epidemiological studies helps in evaluating the effects of environmental, occupational, and lifestyle factors on genetic material, thereby contributing to public health risk assessments and preventive strategies.
4. 32P-Postlabeling Analysis of DNA Adducts.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
32P-Postlabeling analysis, originally described by Kurt Randerath and colleagues, is an ultra-sensitive method for the detection and quantitation of DNA adducts, covalent modifications of the DNA. It consists of four main steps: Enzymatic digestion of DNA to 3’-monophosphate nucleosides (modified or unmodified) using micrococcal nuclease (endonuclease) and spleen phosphodiesterase (exonuclease); enrichment of the adducts by nuclease P1 digestions or butanol extraction prior to labeling; 5’OH-radiolabeling of the adducts by T4 polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed transfer of 32P-orthophosphate from [γ-32P]ATP; chromatographic separation of labeled adducts by thin-layer chromatography and detection and quantification by means of their radioactive decay. Adducted nucleotide-3’-5’-bisphosphates are then separated from their normal counterparts by multidirectional thin-layer chromatography. The assay requires only micrograms of DNA and is capable of detecting adduct levels as low as 1 adduct in 109-1010 normal nucleotides. It is applicable to a wide range of investigations in human, animal, and in vitro studies including monitoring exposure to environmental or occupational carcinogens, determining whether a chemical or a complex mixture has genotoxic properties, elucidation of the toxicological pathways of carcinogens, and monitoring DNA repair.
5. Spirituality, Personal Trauma History, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction Among Nurses: Traumatized Heroes or Wounded Healers?
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nursing can be highly rewarding, but at the same time, overwhelmingly stressful or even traumatizing. Spirituality constitutes a central element of nurses’ resilience, while personal trauma may be activated during exposure to patients’ trauma. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, spirituality, and personal trauma history on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Greek nurses. A cross-sectional survey study with a total of 210 nurses selected by convenience sampling and required to complete the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL V), the FACIT-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-12 nonillness scale, and the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ). Thirty percent (30%) of the participants reported high compassion fatigue risk, while 76% expressed high to moderate potential for compassion satisfaction. Secondary traumatic stress (STS), as expected, was found to correlate positively with traumatic life events. Compassion satisfaction scores were found to correlate positively with spiritual well-being and the three aspects of meaning, peace, and faith. Nurses who reported good physical health, high levels of cooperation, respect for teamwork, and positive work climate also reported higher levels of Compassion Satisfaction and lower risk for compassion fatigue. The findings of this study shed light on the significant prevalence of compassion fatigue among nursing staff, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve the mental health of front-line healthcare professionals. Healthcare organizations must recognize the importance of fostering compassionate work environments that prioritize nurses’ spiritual and psychological well-being.
6. State and Trait Anxiety in Patients with Neurological Diseases During COVID Pandemic.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Patients with neurological diseases frequently experience anxiety that may exacerbate during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social isolation and prevailing conditions in every society. The purpose of this research study was to explore state and trait anxiety among patients with neurological diseases during the period of COVID-19. In the present study were enrolled 100 patients with neurological diseases who visited for regular re-evaluation the outpatient clinics of a private hospital in Attica. Data were collected by the method of interview using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale-STAI, which included patients’ characteristics. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Of the 100 participants, 62% were female, while 52% of the sample was over 60 years old. In terms of anxiety, 50% had scores less than 34.5 and 38 (median) on the scale of state and trait anxiety, respectively (range 20-80). These values indicate moderate to low levels of state and trait anxiety. Statistically significantly higher state and trait anxiety was experienced by patients who were less informed about their disease (p = 0.008 and p = 0.014, respectively) and those who wished to receive information about the pandemic via mass media (p = 0.027 and p = 0.035, respectively). Statistically significantly higher trait anxiety was reported by single patients (p = 0.037), and those experiencing intra-family conflicts (p = 0.008), while higher state anxiety was reported by patients who had mobility problems and other illnesses (p = 0.050 and p = 0.044, respectively). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health issue of global interest and a challenge to address anxiety.
7. Pornography Consumption and Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The goal of this systematic review was to explore whether pornography consumption, which is constantly increasing, is associated with sexual dysfunction problems. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in two databases (Scopus and PubMed) to identify appropriate studies published from 2013 to 2023. Following the PRISMA guidelines and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were finally included in this review. Mixed findings exist in the literature concerning pornography viewing. While some studies showed significant associations between pornography watching and experience of sexual problems, others showed either no association at all or even beneficial effects. Frequency of pornography consumption did not seem to be a predictor factor for sexual dysfunctions as much as problematic use of pornography. Findings suggest that mere watching of pornography is not a significant risk factor for developing a sexual dysfunction. The association of pornography and sexual problems seems to be more complex and indirect, with problematic use, body dissatisfaction, and insecurities playing a significant role.
8. Mental Health and Quality of Life in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women : Quality of Life in Women.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although menopause is a normal process, it causes a number of symptoms that affect women’s health and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, in peri- and postmenopausal women are a major public health concern. The aim of this research study was to investigate menopausal symptoms and their association with mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study involving 78 women aged 36-58 years who were in the perimenopause or menopause was conducted. The instruments used were the Greek versions of the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS), the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Assessment Scale (DASS-21), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL-BREF). According to the results, menopausal symptoms were found to be of low overall severity, a small proportion (7.8%) have mild depressive symptoms and mild anxiety symptoms (9.1%), and all scales of women’s quality of life show high mean values, indicating a good to fairly good quality of life. The most important findings of the study are the statistically significant negative correlations between almost all dimensions of the DASS-21 scale and the WHOQoL-BREF dimensions, and between almost all dimensions of the MRS scale and the dimensions of the WHOQOL-BREF scale. In our study, menopause was not associated with poor quality of life at a general level; however, it was confirmed to have a statistically significant negative effect on quality of life, depending on the severity of symptoms and the coexistence of other complications such as depression.
9. The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction, Depression, Stress, and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the most recent data about the association between Problematic Social Networking sites use (PSNSU) and depression and anxiety. Moreover, to further extent the literature, we examined the relationship between PSNSU and stress. PubMed/Medline and Scopus were searched from March 2016 to January 2022 to retrieve studies that evaluated the relationship between SNSs addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. Moderator analyses (meta-regression and subgroup analyses for continuous and categorical variables, respectively) were used to examine variability across studies. Thirty-eight studies (pooled N=29,944; 63.1% females, Mage 21.8, range: 10.4-50.1 years) were eligible. Results of random effects meta-analysis confirmed a positive correlation between SNSs addiction and depression (r = 0.30, 95%CI [0.26-0.33]), stress (r = 0.29, 95%CI [0.21-0.36]), and anxiety (r = 0.30, 95%CI [0.26-0.34]; corrected correlation for publication bias r = 0.22, 95%CI [0.17-0.27]). Subgroup analysis revealed that the aforementioned correlations were significantly larger for Western countries (Europe and North America) than Asian countries. For the relationship between SNS addiction and depression, meta-regression analysis showed that the correlation was weaker for samples with a higher percentage of females (k = 30) (β = -0.32, p = 0.006), accounting for 25.77% of the heterogeneity. Regarding the effect sizes resulting by the present study, they can be considered as weak to moderate. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs to establish directionality between PSNSU and psychiatric symptoms, as well as prevention strategies and randomized controlled interventions with respect to demographic and cultural factors.
10. Exploring Greek University Students' Stress: Stressors, Reactions to Stressors, Management Strategies, Impact on Well-Being.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Stress has negative effects on University students’ mental health and academic progress. The aim of this study was to investigate Greek University students’ stress. Specifically, the levels of students’ stress, the reactions to stressors, the management strategies, and the impact of stress on student well-being were investigated. The study sample was recruited from the student community of Greek public Universities (all levels of study and from different academic fields). Students were invited to participate in online research on social media and were given the hyperlink leading to a Google Form. Data collection was carried out in November 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Participating students were asked to complete the following five questionnaires: 1. Questionnaire of demographic and other characteristics (gender, age, level/year of study, smoking habits, marital status, if they work, if they live alone), 2. Student-Life Stress Inventory (Revised-SSI-R), 3. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 4. World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and 5. Brief COPE (an abbreviated version of the COPE Inventory).The study involved 610 students (433 women, 71.0%), aged 18-65 years (average age 23.29 years, SD 6.77 years). Specifically, 478 were undergraduate students (78.4%), 101 Master’s students (16.5%), and 31 PhD students (5.1%), 94.1% were unmarried, 9.5% worked, 35.2% were living alone, and 18.4% were smokers. Overall, students’ stress was assessed as mild for 149 of the students (24.4%), moderate for 313 students (51.3%), and severe for 148 students (24.3%). Results demonstrated that stressors, such as the feeling of pressure, changes in life, and self-imposed factors threaten normal student life. Also, differences were found in the perception of stress, the reaction to it, its management according to students’ gender/year/level of study/work/living conditions, and the negative impact of stress on students’ well-being. Linear regression analysis showed that well-being, as measured by the WHO-5, could be predicted by the overall scale of the SSI-R, and more specifically, this impact was negative. A statistically significant function was found [F (1,609) = 104.263, p < 0.001], R2 = 0.146. These findings highlight the need for competent counseling and psychological support bodies in the Universities, to reduce the negative stressors, and build students’ resilience and stress management skills.
11. Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the "Stress in General Scale" Among Greek Professionals Working with Refugees.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The “Stress in General Scale” (SiGS) is a measuring tool of work-related stress and a practical self-report scale in terms of time saving, and thus appropriate for demanding working environments. The aim of this study was the validation of the SiGS in a Greek professional population sample working with refugees. SiGS along with the Perceived Stress Scale, the Job Stress Measure and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were distributed to 200 professionals. The final sample consisted of 157 professionals (mean age ± SD 32.87 ± 7.61 years; 64.3% males, 35.7% females) working with refugees, under demanding working conditions in the islands, the countryside and the capital of Athens. Specifically, the study sample was recruited from the following: National Center for Social Solidarity, International Organization for Migration, Asylum Service on the island of Rhodes, Reception and Identification Center, the island of Kos, SOS Children’s Villages, Smile of the Child, Metadrasis, Praxis, NGOs “The Home Project,” Zeuxis Iliachtida and Arsis. Two components were extracted that explained 30.2% and 22.6% of the variance, respectively. These factors were assessed as (i) pressure (items Demanding, Pressured, Hectic, Calm, Relaxed, Many things stressful, Pushed), and (ii) threat (items Irritating, Under control, Nerve-wracking, Hassled, Comfortable, More stressful than I’d like, Smooth running, Overwhelming). The Cronbach’s alpha of the SiGS was 0.85 and 0.75 for Pressure and Threat factors, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha reliability obtained acceptable levels for both subscales. We conclude that the “Stress in General Scale” can be used as a reliable, validated general measure of work stress in the Greek population.
12. Recent Advances in Psychological Interventions Targeting Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a frequently occurring and impairing mental health condition marked by cognitive deficits in several areas, such as attention, executive functions, information processing speed, and memory. It is noteworthy that while affective symptoms of MDD tend to subside when the depressive episode is resolved, cognitive impairment frequently persists and increases the risk of relapse. The present study systematically collected and assessed evidence from the past 10 years of randomized controlled clinical trials targeting cognitive deficiencies in adults with MDD through the implementation of psychological interventions, specifically cognitive remediation therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2023. A total of 520 studies were initially identified, and six of them met the inclusion criteria, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Participants in the intervention groups were 187, and 125 in the control groups. Most studies showed significant improvements in attention and self-assessed everyday performance. Findings pertaining to executive function and verbal learning and memory varied, with some studies conveying significant improvements in those domains post-intervention, and others failing to demonstrate any statistically significant effects. The results showcased the need to conduct larger, meticulously designed, double-blind randomized controlled trials with standardized measurement tools to more accurately evaluate the efficacy of those non-pharmaceutical interventions. Future research is warranted to investigate deficits in verbal memory, verbal learning, and executive function, since these domains seem to be the most resistant to change.
13. Multicolor Laser Scanning Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy of DNA Damage Response Biomarkers.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
DNA damage through endogenous and environmental toxicants is a constant threat to both a human’s ability to pass on intact genetic information to its offspring as well as in somatic cells for its own survival. To counter these threats posed by DNA damage, cells have evolved a series of highly choreographed mechanisms, collectively defined as the DNA-damage response (DDR), to sense DNA lesions, signal their presence, and mediate their repair. Thus, regular DDR signaling cascades are vital to prevent the initiation and progression of many human diseases including cancer. Consequently, quantitative assessment of DNA damage and response became an important biomarker for assessment of human health and disease risk in biomonitoring studies. However, most quantitative DNA damage biomarker techniques require dissolution of the nuclear architecture and hence loss of spatial information. Laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy (LSCIM) of three-dimensionally preserved nuclei can be, quantitative and maintain the spatial information. Here we describe the experimental protocols to quantify individual key events of the DDR cascade in three-dimensionally preserved nuclei by LSCIM with high resolution, using the simultaneous detection of Rad50 as well as phosphorylated H2AX and ATM and in somatic and germ cells as an example.
14. Phase 1/2a Clinical Trial Protocol for Lentiviral Vector-Based Retinal Gene Therapy to Slow the Progression of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) that cause progressive rod and cone photoreceptor cell death. Currently, there is no treatment for RP, and it is a significant cause of blindness worldwide. Neuroprotective retinal gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy applicable to various causative genes. We have developed a third-generation lentiviral vector based on a simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm), which allows efficient gene transfer into the retinal pigment epithelium via subretinal injection. In preclinical studies, we used the human gene encoding pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a potent neuroprotective molecule, and the SIVagm vector encoding human PEDF (SIV-hPEDF) significantly delayed retinal degeneration in rodent models of RP and achieved stable, safe, and long-term transgene expression over 5 years in nonhuman primates. Based on these findings, we conducted a Phase 1/2a investigator-initiated clinical trial using SIV-hPEDF to slow the disease progression and prevent blindness in RP patients, and we here outline the study protocol.
15. Clinical, Molecular, and Bioinformatic Study of Common Thrombophilia Mutation Factor V Leiden.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The most common genetic cause associated with thrombophilia is Leiden mutation (G1691A) of the coagulation factor V (F5) gene. Data collected anonymously from 355 unrelated Greeks examined for the above mutation were analyzed. Bioinformatic investigation was conducted for factor V, including phylogenetic analysis, genetic network analysis, and 3D modeling of wild-type and Leiden protein. Analysis confirmed the importance of F5 Leiden in thrombosis and the significance of a positive family history of thrombosis. In silico analysis of the F5 Leiden revealed a linkage between mammalian species and a potential functional interaction of F5 with 25 other genes, several of which have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. 3D modeling revealed that the Leiden mutation confers an H-bond network alteration in the functional region of FV, resulting in a hypercoagulable state. This study highlighted the great value of a positive family history of thrombosis and the importance of testing for this common mutation as prevention strategy components for thrombophilia, including thrombotic brain aneurysms. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the importance of the Leiden mutation in protein structure and function. The findings of this study increase understanding of molecular and clinical features of thrombophilia and may eventually lead to better prevention of thrombosis.
16. Depression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Unmasking the Hidden Burden.
期刊: Advances in experimental medicine and biology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, is accompanied by frequent relapses and remissions, great pain, physical impairment, functional disability that elicit psychological distress as the patient faces a painful progression marked with attacks. The aim of the current study was to examine literature data and investigate the occurrence and determinants of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A literature review was performed via Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, using specific keywords and included articles published in English and Greek language. Prevalence of depression increases over time in RA patients compared with healthy individuals. Association has been reported between depressive symptomatology and major disease determinants such as disease activity, inflammation, disability and handicap, pain, lack of social support. By identifying risk factors associated with depression, targeted interventions can be developed. This may lead to earlier detection and treatment or even prevention of depressive disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A treatment approach, which aims to limit physical symptoms, reduce inflammation and disability, and minimize depressive symptomatology, may lead to better management of the disease, and improvement of patients’ quality of life.
17. In Silico Approaches in Predictive Genetic Toxicology.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
In silico toxicology methods facilitate clear interpretation of the observed experimental genetic toxicity trends and provide faster, more economical, and animal-free tools for the benefit of environmental and human health in conjunction with other relevant in vitro and in vivo methods. Regulatory agencies are emphasizing the use of computational approaches to predict genetic toxicity to reduce the use of animals in toxicity testing of chemicals. Combination of in vivo (existing data), in vitro, high-throughput, and content screening data together with computational predictions might improve the predictive confidence in the genotoxicity assessment. This is an immensely difficult task, and twenty-first-century toxicology will not become animal-free overnight but is likely to use relevant and reliable computational approaches that will evolve and adapt to best use these scientific and technological advances. Expert-based, statistical QSAR models, and read-across are the most commonly used computational methodologies, and each predictive model adheres to the OECD QSAR validation principle along with an expert review system to conclude. The key steps involved in the in silico genotoxicity prediction are identification of the problem, data collection, generation of chemical descriptors, construction of the Q/SAR model, internal/external validation of the model, statistical evaluation of the models, and optimization of modeling parameters to further enhance SAR performance, updating a validated model with new chemical sets and finally reporting and documentation of the complete study. This chapter describes various in silico toxicology approaches and standardized protocols for conducting genetic toxicity predictions of chemicals and also highlights various parameters for the validation of the prediction results obtained from QSAR models.
18. Methods to Quantify the MicroRNA and Study Their Role in Genotoxic Stress.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory RNA molecules that adjust the levels of proteins in cells to maintain cellular homeostasis during essential cellular events or stress conditions. A large array of studies are available in the literature, demonstrating the role and regulation of miRNAs in cellular responses to environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and air pollutants. Genotoxicity, the damaging impact of various environmental and chemical agents on DNA, plays a significant role in altering gene expression and affecting cellular health. It is crucial to understand the interplay between the expression of miRNAs and the regulation of gene expression in response to genotoxic insults. Dysregulated miRNAs can lead to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage, resulting in various adverse health effects, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and immune dysfunction. With recent advances in miRNA-based therapies, such as miRNA mimics and antagomiRs, there is growing potential for developing interventions that mitigate toxicant-induced cellular damage. This chapter seeks to explore the critical role that miRNAs play in mediating gene expression in response to toxicants (including transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational mechanisms), focusing on how these small regulatory molecules contribute to cellular defense mechanisms and how their dysregulation can lead to adverse health outcomes. Key cellular responses, such as the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and p53 activation, work to maintain genomic stability by managing DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis.MiRNA profiling is an essential technique in miRNA biology, required to understand the role of individual miRNAs and their target genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a widely used method for miRNA profiling due to its high sensitivity and specificity. This protocol outlines a step-by-step approach for miRNA quantification using qPCR, focusing on the copy number assay and relative quantification methods. Through this exploration, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs in toxicology, highlighting their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of environmental health and a protocol for quantification of miRNAs in different types of samples.
19. Methods to Study DNA Damage Using Drosophila melanogaster.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Persistent DNA damage leads to genomic instability, a driver of various illnesses. This points to the importance of the detection of DNA damage. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful alternative model system to animal experimentation in toxicological research, including genotoxicity studies. Several genetic and molecular methods have been developed to detect DNA damage in the model system. This chapter reviews the different approaches to detecting and quantifying DNA damage using D. melanogaster and the utility of D. melanogaster for assessing genotoxicity.
20. Application of the Comet Assay in Advanced In Vitro Models.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) is a simple, cost-efficient, robust, reliable, and user-friendly method for measuring DNA damage. The in vitro comet assay can be applied in advanced in vitro mini-organ and mini-tissue models. Higher-throughput formats of the assay, such as 48/96 mini-gels on GelBond® film, and the 12-mini-gel slide format, in combination with automated scoring, make the comet assay a valuable screening method for the genotoxic potential of chemicals. In compliance with the 3Rs to reduce, refine, and replace animal experiments, the development of new approach methods (NAMs) is an important part of the paradigm shift in toxicology toward Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA), based on non-animal hazard identification and characterization of chemicals. In the case of advanced cell models, the cells are often grown in three-dimensional (3D) culture, and multiple cell types representative of different organs can be co-cultivated. We demonstrate the applicability of the comet assay with commonly applied advanced models from liver, lung, breast, gut, skin, and brain. We describe both the in vitro standard alkaline version of the comet assay (ACA) which measures DNA strand breaks, and the enzyme-linked modification (ELCA) that allows detection of specific base alterations by applying lesion-specific endonucleases (e.g., formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (Endo III) for oxidized purines and pyrimidines, respectively). We consider basic methodological issues, experimental design including treatment conditions, and the importance of including cytotoxicity testing-all of which could have an impact on and/or give biased results. Protocols are provided for both the standard 2-gel and 12-gel slide formats. Further, we address critical points that need to be taken into consideration when assessing genotoxicity. The adaptation of the comet assay to advanced models such as 3D cell cultures, co-cultures, and air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure systems marks a significant advance in genotoxicity testing. These models offer more biologically relevant contexts for measuring DNA damage and repair, leading to better risk assessment and the development of safer chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food additives, as well as influencing environmental policies.
21. In Vivo Micronucleus and Chromosomal Aberration Assays in Mouse Bone Marrow.
期刊: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The presence of genotoxic agents in the environment may cause chromosomal mutations through different mechanisms, which are associated with serious health effects. Tests that help to determine irreversible genetic abnormalities and those that offer indirect proof of DNA damage are both included in genotoxicity testing, which are used to discover chemicals that affect genetic material. Since individual tests do not reveal all the end points, a panel of tests is typically thought to be the most thorough way to assess a chemical’s capacity to cause genotoxicity. A commonly used and well-known assay in genetic toxicology for determining the genotoxic potential of chemical substances, medications, and environmental variables are the in vivo micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) test in bone marrow (BM). These in vivo cytogenetic tests use bone marrow of rodents to ascertain chemical damage to the chromosomes or mitotic apparatus of mammalian cells and examine via microscopy. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) and aberrant chromosomes in treated animals is an indication of genotoxicity. This chapter offers a concise overview of the widely utilized fundamental tests and their protocols used for regulatory purposes.
22. Phytohormonal regulation of root exudation: mechanisms and rhizosphere function.
期刊: Plant signaling & behavior 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Root exudates are pivotal mediators of plant-soil interactions, influencing nutrient acquisition, soil structure, microbial community dynamics, and plant health. These exudates comprise primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, as well as secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, along with various enzymes and signaling molecules. Their secretion is tightly regulated by hormones, which orchestrate root development, exudate composition, and adaptive responses to environmental cues. Understanding hormones’ role in the root exudation process for plant development and interaction is important; therefore, we aimed to summarize and synthesize recent findings to highlight the roles of major hormones in regulating root exudation, including auxins, cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonates (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), and strigolactones (SLs). The current understanding summarizes how hormone signaling pathways, crosstalk, and developmental stage transitions modulate exudate profiles, thereby shaping rhizosphere interactions. Particular attention is given to defense-related exudation under biotic and abiotic stress, nutrient mobilization, and the promotion of beneficial microbial associations. The implications of hormone-regulated exudations for sustainable agriculture are discussed, with an emphasis on strategies to enhance nutrient uptake, improve stress resilience, and reduce chemical inputs. Finally, key knowledge gaps are identified, particularly the limited integration of controlled studies with field-based complexity, and the potential for integrating emerging tools, such as hormone-responsive biosensors and metabolomics, to advance agricultural settings is discussed.
23. Are Working Conditions of Nurses Associated With Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Stress Levels?
期刊: International nursing review 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to examine the associations between working conditions and nurses’ stress levels, nutritional status, and physical activity in Türkiye. Nurses often face challenging working conditions that may lead to both psychological and physiological issues. Data were collected from 825 female nurses aged 19-60 working in private hospitals across Türkiye. Working conditions were assessed by weekly working hours and total years of service. Nutritional status was assessed using a 24-hour food recall, physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and stress with the Turkish version of the Nurse Stress Scale. The study followed the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies. Overall, 39% of nurses had 0-5 years of total service, and 61% worked 40-45 hours/week. Nurses working 40-45 hours/week had significantly higher dietary fat and cholesterol intakes, while overall nutrient intake did not differ significantly by years of service. 49.1% were physically inactive, with those working longer hours and having more years of service tending to exhibit minimal levels of physical activity. Stress levels increased with longer working hours; however, nurses with 0-5 years of service reported significantly higher total stress scores compared to their more experienced counterparts. The results indicate that nurses’ demanding working conditions and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are critical issues requiring attention in organizational and policy-level discussions. Longer working hours are associated with higher stress, lower physical activity, and unbalanced nutrition, while greater work experience appears to mitigate stress levels. Policymakers and hospital administrations should implement structured programs to improve nurses’ working conditions, reduce occupational stress, and promote healthy nutrition and physical activity.
24. Increasing Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease in a Japanese Health Checkup Population, 2004-2022.
期刊: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects more than 30% of the global population; however, trends in its prevalence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate prevalence trends of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with moderate alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in the Japanese general population. This retrospective study included participants who underwent health checkups between 2004 and 2022 in Gifu, Japan. SLD was defined by liver ultrasonography and categorised as either MASLD, MetALD, or ALD in the total population, as well as in non-obese (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 25 kg/m2), and lean (BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2) subgroups. Annual percent change (APC) in the prevalence of each SLD subtype was analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Among 184 463 participants, 49 651 (26.9%) were diagnosed with SLD, including 41 819 (22.7%) with MASLD, 3792 (2.1%) with MetALD, and 2037 (1.1%) with ALD. Over the study period, APC in the total population revealed significant increases in MASLD (APC, 2.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-2.66; p < 0.001) and MetALD (APC, 1.14%; 95% CI, 0.17-2.19; p = 0.026), with similar trends observed in the non-obese and lean subgroups. ALD prevalence increased only in the lean population (APC, 2.87%; 95% CI, 0.33-5.94; p = 0.031). MASLD and MetALD increased significantly irrespective of body composition, whereas ALD increased in the lean population over the past two decades. These findings highlight a silent rise of SLD in the Japanese general population. Epidemiological evidence on prevalence trends of steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with moderate alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) remains scarce, especially in Japan Prevalence of MASLD and MetALD significantly increased from 2004 to 2022 in the Japanese general population, regardless of body composition. A notable rise in ALD prevalence was observed specifically among lean individuals, indicating a hidden burden in this subgroup.
25. Lifetime occupation assignment and hypertension analysis in a survivor cohort of older adults.
期刊: Archives of environmental & occupational health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Standard codes were assigned to each of up to 3 jobs reported by 12,498 healthy Australian participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP) aged ≥ 70 years. Ten job categories for men (n=5444; 92.5%) and 13 for women (n=6370; 90.8%) were generated by grouping like jobs. Inter-group distinctiveness was demonstrated by education, socio-economic status, and lifestyle factors for men and women for the occupational groups. Among men, the highest odds of age-adjusted hypertension were in general managers (1.40; 95% CI 1.08, 1.81) and tradespersons (1.29; 1.05, 1.58), with associations attenuated after controlling for lifestyle factors. Among women, the highest odds of hypertension were in nurses (1.40; 95% CI 1.05, 1.87) and clerks/secretaries (1.28; 1.01, 1.62) in multivariate analysis. This analysis indicates that those who are healthy at ≥ 70 years with a healthy lifestyle may suffer minimal detriment in regard to hypertension status from lifetime occupation.
26. Innovative Iron-Fortified Synbiotic Drink From Yellow Spondias Dulcis L.: A Functional Beverage with Enhanced Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties.
期刊: Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Iron deficiency anemia remains a global public health concern, and iron fortification of functional beverages presents a promising preventive approach. This study developed and characterized a non-dairy synbiotic drink based on yellow Spondias dulcis L., fortified with iron, and evaluated its nutritional, antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory properties. Eleven formulations were prepared using prebiotics (inulin), probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum 0026-CCRC 10069), and iron fortification, followed by fermentation. Proximate analysis showed variations in carbohydrate (2.93-6.54%), fat (0.03-0.20%), and moisture (92.86-96.52%) contents. Vitamin C ranged from 1.19% to 14.89%, while antioxidant activity was weak (IC50 > 1000 mg/L). Iron fortification significantly increased iron content (15.68-25.18 mg/L), though fermentation affected its stability. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in pH, total soluble solids, lactic acid, and color among formulations, while FTIR spectra showed no structural changes. Sensory evaluation identified the inulin-enriched formulation (JPE) as the most preferred for color, taste, and aroma. Prebiotic addition improved carbohydrate and vitamin C levels, whereas iron fortification reduced taste acceptability. Yellow Spondias dulcis L. based synbiotic drinks demonstrate potential as non-dairy functional beverages for anemia prevention, though optimization of iron concentration is necessary to enhance both nutritional and sensory quality.
27. Evaluating the association of transferring governance of correctional health care services with overdose and all-cause mortality: a retrospective cohort study in British Columbia, Canada.
期刊: Health & justice 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
In many jurisdictions world-wide, the government agency that manages prisons also provides prison health care services. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) have recommended that health ministries provide prison health care. In Canada, the province of British Columbia (BC) transferred responsibility for correctional health services to the health ministry in accordance with this guidance. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between the transfer in BC and all-cause and overdose mortality within 1 year of release from prison. We used a retrospective cohort study design employing the difference-in-differences (DiD) method to compare mortality among formerly-incarcerated people in the pre- and post-transfer periods against a matched community control group to control for province-wide trends in mortality. The data source was a longitudinal linkage of administrative databases. The DiD effect was estimated with survival time-to-event models. In the formerly-incarcerated group (N = 6912), all-cause (3.7% vs 2.6%) and overdose (2.7% vs 1.7%) mortality in the first-year post-release decreased from the pre-transfer period to the post-transfer period, while mortality risk changed little in the community control group (N = 6881) during this time period (all-cause: 0.7% vs 0.9%; overdose: 0.4% vs 0.4%). The transfer was associated with statistically significant reductions in the hazards of all-cause mortality (DiD HR: 0.52, 95% CI: [0.32, 0.83]) and overdose mortality (DiD HR: 0.51, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.99]) in the first-year post-release. This study provides empirical evidence in support of WHO and UN guidance and indicates that the delivery of correctional health services by community health authorities may reduce deaths, particularly overdose deaths, among people released from correctional centres.
28. Screening for Major Depression and Alcohol Use Disorder in Laundromats As a New Setting for Community- Based Engagement and Intervention.
期刊: Community mental health journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Place-based health interventions are becoming popular in public health, but have been less common in behavioral health services. This study implemented mental health screenings with a total of 195 individuals across seven laundromats in Texas from March 2024-April 2025 to examine the potential to treat laundromats as a new, unique setting for place-based behavioral health interventions. The sample of laundromat users was screened for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and asked about their receptiveness to receiving healthcare interventions in laundromats. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine individual characteristics associated with positive screens for MDD and AUD. Results found that 19.9% of laundromat users screened positive for MDD, which was comparable to county, state, and national estimates. However, 17.4% screened positive for AUD, which was higher than state and national estimates. The majority of the sample was Hispanic, had less than a college education, and reported annual incomes below $50,000. Laundromat users who were aged 60 years or older or who reported financial barriers to healthcare were significantly more likely to screen positive for MDD. Of the total sample, 83 (42.6%) completed a 1-month follow-up assessment and were re-screened for MDD and AUD which revealed no significant changes in rates of either disorder. Generally, participants reported a positive experience with the screenings in laundromats and reported being receptive to receiving other healthcare interventions in laundromats. In conclusion, this study found that providing health screenings in laundromats may reach underserved individuals. Laundromats may serve an important setting for further interventions after screenings.
29. Brain Organoids in Neurodegenerative Disease Modeling: Advances, Applications and Future Perspectives.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent incurable and debilitating conditions characterized by progressive deterioration of neurological function. Investigating neurodegeneration remains a critical global challenge in aging societies. Brain organoids-self-organizing three-dimensional structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells-recapitulate cell types and cytoarchitectures of the developing human brain. This in vitro model system has advanced our bridge between conventional two-dimensional cultures and in vivo models. Brain organoids emulate early neural tube formation, neuroepithelial differentiation, and whole-brain regionalization. Furthermore, region-specific organoid models now facilitate mechanistic investigation into acquired and inherited NDDs’ pathogenesis, alongside drug discovery and toxicity screening. In this review, we (i) delineate the epidemiology and pathobiology of major NDDs, (ii) analyze limitations of current animal models, (iii) critically evaluate brain organoid generation methodologies, and (iv) focus on organoid applications in modeling Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
30. Interventions to Address Racism in Disciplinary Actions in K-12 Schools: A Systematic Review.
期刊: Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Students of color are disciplined for behavioral infractions at higher rates than white students in K-12 schools in the USA. The consequences of racism in K-12 schools include mental health problems, school dropout, and disproportionate disciplinary practices, leading to the school-to-prison pipeline. Many school personnel implement interventions to address student behavior rather than racism and other implicit biases. Furthermore, culturally relevant practices are imperative to address the root causes of racial disparities in student discipline. For these reasons, a systematic and comprehensive review of the published literature on school-based interventions in the USA (including public and private K-12 schools) was conducted to identify interventions to remedy racial disparities in school discipline, as well as the research designs used to test their efficacy. The final sample includes 48 studies that directly or indirectly attempt to address the race discipline gap. There were only three studies that reduced race disparities in school discipline with a culturally relevant intervention. Future researchers may consider the importance of the school’s cultural context and intervention audience when developing and testing efforts to reduce racial disproportionality.
31. Survival in Brazilian Patients with Friedreich´s Ataxia.
期刊: Cerebellum (London, England) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive condition leading to reduced life expectancy in European/North American cohorts, but little is known about Latin American cohorts. Herein, we assessed FRDA survival data from a large Brazilian reference center (UNICAMP). We conducted a retrospective study including patients with FRDA followed at UNICAMP between 1998 and 2025. For those patients who died, we recorded age at death. For those alive or lost to follow-up, we considered the age at last visit. Potential prognostic markers (sex, age at onset, presence of cardiomyopathy and diabetes) were explored. Statistics was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. We gathered information on 151 patients, 24 of which died (15.9%), 125 were still alive (82.7%) and 2 were lost to follow-up (1.3%). For those who died, the mean age at death was 33 ± 10.7 years. The cause of death was known for 12 out of the 24 patients: cardiac in 7, pulmonary in 3, diabetic ketoacidosis in 1 and sepsis in 1. Shorter life expectancy was found: in men relative to women (Mean age: 54.0 yo vs. 56.8 yo, p = 0.03), in patients with classical relative to late-onset (Mean age: 52.2 yo vs. 71.0 yo, p < 0.01) and in patients with cardiomyopathy relative to those without it (Mean age: 50.8 yo vs. 65.0 yo, p < 0.01). FRDA impacts life expectancy and death is primarily from cardiac and pulmonary causes. Male sex, early onset and presence of cardiomyopathy are negative survival prognostic markers.
32. Is Cumulative Life Course Impairment Considered in Psoriasis Management? A Multinational Survey of People with Psoriasis and Healthcare Professionals.
期刊: Dermatology and therapy 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Delays remain in patients receiving effective treatment strategies that have potential to clear their skin of psoriasis, improve their quality of life (QoL) and change the psoriatic disease course, which, if uncontrolled, can irreversibly alter an individual’s life course (i.e. cumulative life course impairment [CLCI]). This study explored current international awareness and consideration of the potential impact of psoriasis over the life course within clinical assessments and decisions about its management. Cross-sectional surveys collated insights from people with psoriasis and healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating psoriasis (dermatologists and primary care physicians [PCPs]) across 29 countries. Data were collected from 487 people with psoriasis, 574 dermatologists and 618 PCPs. Despite people with psoriasis highlighting a range of daily activities that are ‘very frequently’ or ‘always’ affected by their psoriasis, 37% were never or rarely asked by their HCPs how the disease affects their life. Fewer than half of people with psoriasis had a high understanding of the potential future impact of psoriasis (or CLCI-contributing factors), and 44% were unaware that clear/almost clear skin is now a realistic treatment target. Almost half of HCPs considered psoriasis to be of early onset when it presented at ≤ 15 years of age. Despite HCP awareness of the impact of psoriasis on QoL, many of the contributing factors to CLCI were not addressed routinely in clinical practice nor considered when deciding on treatment; 40% of dermatologists set treatment goals (such as clear skin/almost clear skin/target Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]) sometimes, less frequently, or not at all. Misalignment exists in the experience of people living with psoriasis versus its assessment in clinical practice. Support is needed for assessment and monitoring of elements that may contribute to CLCI in clinical practice worldwide, to guide early psoriasis treatment decision-making to mitigate the risk for CLCI. Infographic available for this article. INFOGRAPHIC.
33. Love, Marriage, and Madness: A Cross-Cultural Dance.
期刊: Current psychiatry reports 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
This reflective ethnography examines fracture and healing at the intersection of gender, culture, and embodiment in an NGO-run psychiatric rehabilitation center in Kolkata, India. Through the story of Soma Das-a survivor of domestic violence and psychosocial illness-the author explores how dance, labor, and relational presence function as integrative therapies within community psychiatry. At the Parinama shelter, “work as therapy” is a guiding principle, and group dance sessions restore rhythm, dignity, and belonging. Yet the piece interrogates the fine line between healing and discipline in institutional care, where productivity often stands in for wellness. Drawing on feminist psychiatry and cross-cultural frameworks, the author reframes recovery not as symptom remission but as embodied reintegration. By situating psychosocial rehabilitation alongside expressive movement practices, the essay illustrates how integrative care can emerge organically from local rituals of sociality. Healing, in this account, is relational and rhythmic-a choreography of survival that transcends diagnosis and gestures toward wholeness.
34. Future pharmacists and climate action: a qualitative study of students' views on environmental sustainability in education and practice.
期刊: International journal of clinical pharmacy 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Awareness of planetary health has grown across healthcare professions, and the pharmacy sector, responsible for the lifecycle of medicines from production to disposal, plays a significant role in both perpetuating and mitigating environmental harm. However, pharmacy education omits environmental sustainability as a structured component. To explore pharmacy students’ perceptions of environmental sustainability within their education and future professional roles, focusing on their awareness, attitudes, and perceived barriers or enablers to integrating sustainability in pharmacy education and practice. A qualitative study was conducted at a university in Northern Ireland, utilising semi-structured interviews with pharmacy students across all four years of their studies. Purposive sampling was used. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach to thematic analysis. Sixteen students were interviewed, with data saturation reached at the 14th interview and confirmed through researcher consensus and transcript review. Six themes emerged (mean interview length = 45 ± 10 min): (1) Sustainability as an overlooked area - limited or fragmented curricular coverage; (2) Narrow understanding of waste - awareness focused on disposal and packaging, with little recognition of wider pharmaceutical impacts; (3) Pharmacy as both waste generator and sustainability site - examples included medicines returns, digitalisation, and hospital “green teams”; (4) Integrating sustainability into education - preference for interactive, experiential learning (e.g., guest speakers, placements); (5) Barriers to change - patient resistance, behavioural inertia, and competing curricular demands; (6) Policy, incentives, and leadership as enablers - systemic and financial support deemed essential for sustainable practice. Pharmacy students recognise the importance of environmental sustainability but perceive significant gaps in both education and practice. While they value opportunities for experiential learning and see potential for pharmacy to contribute positively, systemic barriers and limited curricular integration hinder progress. Embedding sustainability into pharmacy education, supported by leadership, policy, and incentives, will be critical to preparing future pharmacists as both healthcare providers and environmental stewards.
35. Pediatric addictions and mental health boarding in emergency departments: a scoping review.
期刊: CJEM 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Emergency departments (EDs) have seen growing rates of pediatric mental health presentations, a trend exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these patients will ‘board’, remaining in the ED for prolonged periods of time while awaiting transfer to an inpatient bed. Boarding disproportionately impacts mental health patients and is associated with worse patient health outcomes and healthcare system inefficiency. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the extent and nature of evidence relating to pediatric mental health boarding, and to identify knowledge gaps. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed literature involving mental health patients boarding in hospital EDs. Studies underwent eligibility screening for pediatric populations and data extraction by two reviewers. Results are reported per PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three thousand four hundred and fifty-eight studies were screened for title and abstract eligibility, 386 of which were assessed at full-text. Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 assessed variables impacting boarding, 18 quantified boarding duration or prevalence, 6 measured the impacts of boarding, 5 assessed interventions to mitigate boarding, and 4 provided consensus recommendations. Eighty-two percent of studies were published within the last 5 years and all are from the United States. Reported mean ED boarding times ranged from 5 to 54 h across 5 studies. Of 7 studies assessing the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric mental health boarding, all reported that COVID-19 was associated with increased boarding prevalence and/or duration. An emerging body of literature on the burden and impacts of ED boarding among pediatric mental health patients suggests that boarding is a pressing concern in the delivery of pediatric emergency healthcare that has worsened since COVID-19. This is the most comprehensive evidence synthesis on pediatric mental health boarding to date, highlighting the impacts of boarding and the solutions studied to address this problem. RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: Les services d’urgence (SU) ont connu des taux croissants de présentations pédiatriques en santé mentale, une tendance exacerbée par la pandémie de COVID-19. Beaucoup de ces patients vont ‘board’, restant dans le service d’urgence pendant des périodes prolongées en attendant d’être transféré à un lit d’hôpital. L’internement a une incidence disproportionnée sur les patients en santé mentale et est associé à de moins bons résultats pour la santé des patients et à l’inefficacité du système de soins de santé. L’objectif de cette revue de portée est de synthétiser l’étendue et nature des preuves relatives à l’internat en santé mentale pédiatrique, et d’identifier les lacunes dans les connaissances. MéTHODES: Des recherches ont été effectuées dans MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO et CINAHL pour la littérature évaluée par les pairs concernant l’internement de patients en santé mentale dans les services d’urgence des hôpitaux. Les études ont subi un dépistage de l’éligibilité pour les populations pédiatriques et l’extraction de données par deux évaluateurs. Les résultats sont rapportés selon les directives PRISMA-ScR. RéSULTATS: 3,458 études ont été examinées pour l’éligibilité du titre et du résumé, dont 386 ont été évaluées en texte intégral. 28 études répondaient aux critères d’inclusion. Parmi ceux-ci, 19 variables évaluées ayant un impact sur l’embarquement, 18 mesurant la durée ou la prévalence de l’embarquement, 6 mesurant les impacts de l’embarquement, 5 interventions évaluées pour atténuer l’embarquement et 4 fournissant des recommandations consensuelles. 82% des études ont été publiées au cours des 5 dernières années et toutes proviennent des États-Unis. Les temps moyens d’embarquement signalés pour le DE variaient de 5 à 54 heures dans 5 études. Sur 7 études évaluant l’impact de la COVID-19 sur l’internat pédiatrique en santé mentale, toutes ont rapporté que la COVID-19 était associée à une prévalence et/ou une durée accrue de l’internat. CONCLUSIONS: Un corpus de littérature émergent sur le fardeau et les impacts de l’internat ED chez les patients pédiatriques en santé mentale suggère que l’internat est une préoccupation urgente dans la prestation des soins d’urgence pédiatrique qui s’est aggravée depuis la COVID-19. Il s’agit de la synthèse des données probantes la plus complète sur l’internat en santé mentale pédiatrique à ce jour, mettant en évidence les impacts de l’internat et les solutions étudiées pour résoudre ce problème.
36. Infectious, Allergic, and Immune-Mediated Disease Data Resources: a Landscape Overview and Subset Assessment.
期刊: Journal of medical systems 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Policy issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) requires most grant applications to include a DMS Plan, detailing data type(s), resources (e.g., data repositories, knowledgebases, portals) for data sharing, and a dissemination timeline. Researchers face challenges navigating the complex data landscape to identify data resources to fulfill the DMS Policy requirements. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) aims to support researchers in preparing DMS Plans for applications that align with its mission areas. To support depositing and accessing infectious, allergic, and immune-mediated disease (IID) data, we compiled a list of IID data resources. The list was developed by reviewing online resources and collecting recommendations from subject matter experts. Additionally, we developed a questionnaire based on NIH recommendations and community best practices to characterize a subset of IID data resources that support data submissions. We identified 303 data resources, 58 of which focused on IID data. Most were categorized as General Infectious Diseases and Pathogens (n = 29, 50%), followed by Respiratory Pathogens (n = 10, 17%). Scientific content included “omics” (n = 37, 64%), clinical (n = 21, 36%), and biological assay data (n = 20, 34%). Open access data was common (n = 39, 67%), with fewer offering controlled access (n = 20, 34%) or required registration (n = 4, 7%). Among 19 resources accepting data submissions, eight (42%) required registration, seven (37%) needed additional approvals, and four (21%) required network membership. Fifteen (79%) resources provided metadata access, with 11 (58%) assigning persistent identifiers. Twelve (63%) offered APIs, 13 (68%) provided analytical tools, and 10 (53%) featured workspaces. Risk management documentation was available for 10 (53%), and five (26%) provided data retention policies. We assessed 58 data resources in the IID domain, identifying 19 that support data submission and are therefore suitable for NIH DMS Plans. Our findings reveal both the breadth of available resources, and the challenges related to inconsistent data submission requirements and data management practices. Enhancing transparency and standardization across data resources will support more effective data sharing, enhance findability, and aid researchers in selecting appropriate resources for DMS Plans and secondary data analysis.
37. Comparison of Heparin-Based Anticoagulation in Patients With and Without High Output Chylothorax: A Pilot Study.
期刊: Pediatric cardiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
In infants and children with chylothorax after cardiac surgery, loss of antithrombin (AT) may impair the therapeutic effect of AT-dependent anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). This retrospective pilot study included patients 0-18 years receiving a therapeutic course of UFH or enoxaparin, excluding those on mechanical circulatory support or renal replacement. High output chylothorax courses were matched 1:2 to controls by age and anticoagulation duration. Therapeutic attainment and adverse events were compared for each agent. This study included 16 UFH and 17 enoxaparin courses plus matched controls. Among UFH courses, high output chylothorax was associated with a numerically lower percentage of therapeutic anti-Xa levels during the first seven days (55.9% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.06). Though no differences were observed for dose at first therapeutic level, chylothorax courses required numerically more dose adjustments to reach first therapeutic level and a greater proportion received AT repletion. Among enoxaparin courses, no significant difference was observed for time to therapeutic anti-Xa, though chylothorax courses required numerically higher doses and more dose adjustments to reach first therapeutic level. Baseline and minimum AT were lower in the chylothorax group for both agents. No differences were found in the incidence of thrombosis or bleeding. High output chylothorax after cardiac surgery may impair the therapeutic effect of UFH, while the effect on enoxaparin is less clear. Though most differences were nonsignificant, the findings suggest larger studies are needed to assess the impact of chylothorax on hemostatic outcomes.
38. Bridging the gap: the need for community-engaged research on blood cancer self-management experiences among South Asians.
期刊: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
39. Non-medical use of prescription opioids: use to experience subjective effects vs. other non-medical use among adults in Ontario, Canada from 2020 to 2024.
期刊: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The opioid crisis remains a critical public health concern, with non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) playing a significant role. However, limited evidence exists on how adults engaging in NMUPO for subjective effects differ from those who use them for other non-medical reasons. This study aims to identify and examine factors associated with engagement in NMUPO for subjective effects. Data from the 2020 to 2024 CAMH Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 and older (N=7,655). The surveys used a Qualtrics-based web survey to assess NMUPO, sociodemographic factors, substance use and mental health. Data were analyzed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. About 3% of adults engaged in NMUPO for subjective effects/to get high, and 15% of participants engaged in NMUPO for other non-medical purposes during 2020 and 2024. These percentages remained stable over the years. The risk of NMUPO for subjective effects, compared to NMUPO for other purposes, was significantly higher among Asian people, compared to their white counterparts (Relative Risk Ratio, RRR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08-3.01), and those with children, (RRR=2.53, 95%CI: 1.64-3.92). Similarly, individuals with low household income, current other substance use, and psychological distress exhibited a higher risk of NMUPO, after adjusting for covariates. Individuals who use prescription opioids non-medically for subjective effects or other reasons differ by race/ethnicity, parental status, income, substance use, and level of psychological distress. These findings suggest the need for targeted prevention and intervention strategies to address the unique needs and behaviors of different user groups.
40. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Clinical Significance of Dysplasia: A Multi-Institutional Study.
期刊: The Laryngoscope 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a benign sinonasal tumor with a tendency to recur and potential for malignant transformation. Dysplasia may be present, ranging from mild to severe. We aim to evaluate the effect of dysplasia on tumor behavior and patient outcomes. Retrospective chart review of SNIP cases from 2002 to 2023 treated by fellowship-trained Rhinologists at seven institutions. Clinical data were extracted, and tumors were histologically confirmed. Four hundred and forty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 58 years with an average postoperative surveillance of 27 months. Most patients had tumors without dysplasia (74.3%), followed by severe (10.5%), mild (10.0%), and moderate (5.1%) dysplasia. The overall recurrence rate was 11.6%. Unifocal attachment was most prevalent in tumors without dysplasia. Among patients with multifocal attachment, recurrence was highest in those with severe dysplasia (38.1%) compared to no dysplasia (17.2%). Unifocal attachment was associated with improved recurrence-free survival in all three histology types (without, mild, and moderate dysplasia). In the largest study to date examining the effect of dysplasia on patient outcomes, we found that SNIP that has severe dysplasia to be high risk for recurrence while the other three types of dysplasia to be of lower risk. We therefore propose a two-tiered grading system to improve consensus among pathologists and to guide patient counseling. In the treatment of SNIP, high-risk dysplasia is more often associated with multifocal attachment pattern and remains the most challenging to treat.
41. Diagnostic performance of a new framework for identifying obesity.
期刊: Journal of internal medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
42. Potential interference of the herpes simplex virus with periodontal regeneration: a narrative review.
期刊: Clinical oral investigations 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
This narrative review aimed to critically examine the potential impact of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) on periodontal regenerative therapy by synthesizing current evidence from in vitro studies on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and the limited available clinical data. Particular emphasis was placed on how HSV-1 infection alters cellular behavior and inflammatory responses in PDL cells, thereby potentially impairing periodontal regeneration. We conducted a structured literature review to identify original research articles investigating HSV-1 infection in human PDL cells and clinical studies assessing HSV infection in the context of periodontal regenerative therapy. The inclusion criteria were limited to studies that directly addressed the effects of HSV on PDL biology or regenerative outcomes. Three recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that HSV-1 infects PDL cells, inducing cytopathic effects and amplifying inflammatory cytokine production. These effects are exacerbated in pro-inflammatory microenvironments. A single clinical study suggested that HSV-1-positive patients exhibit poorer outcomes following regenerative periodontal surgery. However, the clinical evidence remains limited and exploratory in nature. Although current clinical data are scarce, our in vitro findings suggest that HSV-1 compromises the regenerative potential of PDL cells through direct infection and inflammatory modulation. Further translational and longitudinal clinical studies are needed to clarify this relationship. Recognizing the viral influence on periodontal regeneration may help guide the future development of antiviral adjuncts and personalized regenerative strategies, especially for patients with latent HSV infections.
43. Silly walks: An urgent practical solution to the inactivity and obesity pandemics.
期刊: Experimental physiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess whether the increased energy cost of silly walking (SW) could enhance physical activity, reduce obesity and extend health span, we retrospectively analysed data from 13 healthy adults (seven males, six females; age 22-71 years) who performed three walking trials. Oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V__2}}}$ ; in millilitres of O2 per kilogram per minute), energy expenditure (EE; in kilocalories per minute) and cost per distance (in joules per kilogram per metre) were measured via expired ventilation and gas exchange. Trials included normal walking and two SWs, replicating Monty Python’s Michael Palin and John Cleese in the Ministry of Silly Walks sketch (1971). Although both Cleese and Palin SWs evinced greater cost per distance, only the Cleese SW elevated V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V__2}}}$ compared with normal walking (28 ± 5 vs. 11 ± 3 mL/kg/min; EE, +8.0 ± 2.3 and +5.2 ± 0.8 kcal/min in males and females, respectively). Replacing 1-3 min/day of normal walking with the Cleese SW would require an extra energy expenditure of 12 kcal/day (∼4400 kcal/year), approximately twice the energy equivalent of excess weight gain sufficient to explain the obesity pandemic. The EE associated with SW, requiring no additional physical activity, could potentially eliminate future weight gain and, with a modest extra investment of merely 6-23 min/day, SW could redress the obesity pandemic entirely. Crucially, increasing physical activity by SW is expected to elevate cardiorespiratory fitness ( V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V__2}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ ), thereby diminishing inactivity-related diseases considerably. Combined with weight loss, relative V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V__2}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ gains could reach ∼90%. If SW had been adopted in the 1970s, the global obesity crisis might have been prevented, or at least greatly attenuated, along with commensurate improvements in fitness and health span.
44. The Social Vulnerability Index is Associated with Major Morbidity or Mortality After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer.
期刊: Annals of surgical oncology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Social determinants of health are increasingly recognized as critical contributors to surgical outcomes. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a composite measure developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), reflects community-level factors such as socioeconomic status, housing, and access to transportation. Its association with postoperative outcomes after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer remains poorly defined. Patients who underwent esophagectomy at a single institution from 2009 to 2022 were identified. Major morbidity was defined using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ criteria. Patients were excluded for missing clinical stage, metastatic disease at diagnosis, non-Illinois residency, or incomplete address. The study assigned SVI using patient zip codes mapped to CDC census-tract-level SVI data. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between SVI and 30-day composite major morbidity and mortality. Among 103 patients (median age, 63, years; interquartile range [IQR], 56-70 years), 24% (25/103) were female, 72% (74/103) were white, 48% (49/103) underwent minimally invasive surgery, 36% (37/103) received neoadjuvant therapy, and 64% (66/103) were smokers. Major morbidity occurred for 49% (50/103), including two deaths. Higher SVI was associated with worse outcomes in both the univariable (odds ratio [OR], 6.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-28.51; p = 0.01) and multivariable (OR, 17.37; 95% CI, 3.29-91.80; p = 0.001) analyses. An SVI cut-point of 0.34 identified high-risk patients with 70% sensitivity, 60% specificity, and predictive values of 63% (positive) and 68% (negative). Higher SVI was associated with increased 30-day major morbidity or mortality after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. These findings are hypothesis-generating and warrant validation in larger, multi-institutional cohorts.
45. Oral Administrations of Short-Chain Fatty Acids or Probiotics Extend the Survival Times and Mitigate the Neuropathological Damages in the Scrapie-Infected Hamsters.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Prion diseases (PrDs) are fatal neurodegenerative conditions marked by brain spongiform degeneration, prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) accumulation, neuronal loss, and gliosis. Currently, there are no effective treatments or preventive measures for these disorders. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and probiotics on PrDs using hamsters intracerebrally inoculated with the 263K scrapie strain. Treatments included oral administration of SCFAs (sodium propionate, butyrate, acetate) and probiotics (Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium infantis). Clinical symptoms were monitored, and samples from brains, feces, and sera were collected at various time points for analysis. Assessments covered PrPSc deposits, gliosis, neuroinflammation, SCFA-related elements, gut microbiota profiles via 16S rRNA sequencing, and fatty acid levels measured by LC-MS/MS. Although all infected animals eventually died, those treated with SCFAs and probiotics showed a significant delay in clinical symptom onset and extended disease course. There was a notable reduction in the progression of PrPSc deposits, gliosis, and neuroinflammation in treated groups. Additionally, the decrease in SCFA receptors GPR41 and MCT4, along with downstream proteins Nrf2 and HO-1 in the brain, was slowed. Gut microbiota analysis revealed more beneficial bacteria in the SCFA and probiotic groups compared to controls. However, no significant differences were observed in serum and fecal fatty acid levels among groups. Oral administration of SCFAs and probiotics post-prion infection can effectively delay disease onset and progression while mitigating neuropathological changes associated with prion diseases. These results suggest a promising, cost-effective dietary intervention strategy for managing PrDs clinically.
46. Role of the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Neurotoxicity of Methanol.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Methanol (MeOH) is a volatile and flammable liquid commonly used in the construction, automotive, and pharmaceutical industries. It has systemic and ocular toxicity, and most patients with methanol poisoning have severe metabolic acidosis. Occupational inhalation can cause toxic optic neuropathy and bilateral optic atrophy. In this study, we investigated whether the 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/sirtuin-3 (AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3) pathway is involved in the methanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A series of behavioral, histological, and pathological assessments was performed. Methanol exposure slowed down the weight growth rate of rats and prolonged escape latencies. In addition, methanol exposure decreased the number of upright times and horizontal movements, damaged cortical neurons, and caused oxidative stress injury. These alterations coincided with neurobehavioral impairments, indicating that methanol exposure may cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by down-regulating the expression levels of the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway proteins. Treatment with ZLN005, a PGC-1α activator, partially alleviated methanol-induced neurobehavioral deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction, likely via the modulation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway, which may be a novel target for therapeutics aimed to alleviate the effects of environmental neurotoxicants.
47. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vs. influenza (A/B) in adults ≥ 50 years: a Pre-COVID-19 multicenter retrospective study.
期刊: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) peaks in fall-winter and is well known in children. In adults, however, severe outcomes especially compared to influenza are less well-defined. With RSV vaccines newly available in 2024, this study evaluated RSV burden versus influenza. Multicenter retrospective cohort study including adults ≥ 50 years with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza (A/B) or RSV during two pre-COVID-19 fall-winter seasons (2016-2018). Outcomes were hospital admission, length of stay, short-term favorable outcome (within 5 days), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, superinfection, and 90-day mortality. Of 386 patients, 288 (74.6%) had influenza (A: 190, B: 98), 98 (25.4%) had RSV. RSV patients exhibited more frequently chronic respiratory diseases (41.8% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.001) and prior hospitalized respiratory infections (39.8% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.01) than influenza patients. Admission rates trended higher for RSV (88.8%, n = 87) than influenza (80.2%, n = 231; p = 0.06). Among admissions (n = 318), RSV stays were significantly longer (median 12 days [IQR 8-18] vs. 9 days [IQR 4-15], p = 0.006), with lower short-term favorable outcomes than influenza B (13.8% vs. 41.4%, aOR 5.1 [1.53-16.86], p < 0.01), but not influenza A (p = 0.34). ICU admissions were higher in younger age groups (50-64 years: aOR 13.4 [2.7-67.2], p = 0.002; 65-74 years: aOR = 4.17 [1.18-14.7], p = 0.03), regardless of viral etiology. Superinfection (10.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.57) and 90-day mortality (6.9% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.18) were similar. RSV imposes a burden comparable to influenza in admission and mortality, with slower recovery than influenza B. These pre-COVID-19 data provide a critical baseline to support targeted RSV vaccination for adults with comorbidities and aged ≥ 50 years, informing future recommendations.
48. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation restores microglial health and improves cognition in aged male mice.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cognitive impairment affects 1 in 6 individuals over 60, with over 75 million projected by 2030. Age-related changes in microglial function and declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels may contribute to cognitive decline. Although nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation can restore NAD+ levels in aged mice, its effects on microglial phenotype and cognition during normal aging remain unclear. We assessed cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and microglial gene expression in 6-month (Young) and 22-month (Aged) mice, along with aged mice supplemented with NR (Aged + NR; 400 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Aged mice exhibited impaired cognition and increased gene expression related to neuroinflammation. NR supplementation improved or prevented the decline in nest-building ability, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and novel object recognition, which are reflective of instrumental activities of daily living, spatial working memory, and recognition memory. NR supplementation diminished microglial (IBA1) and astrocytic (GFAP) activation, resembling the young phenotype. Gene expression profiling revealed reduced microglial activation, inflammatory pathways, and chemokine production in Aged + NR mice, along with upregulation of genes associated with learning, memory, and gliogenesis. NR lowered transcriptional signatures from age-dependent (ADEM) and disease-associated (DAM) microglia and enhanced homeostatic state profiles. Metabolic pathway analysis of microglial transcripts indicated that NR suppressed age-induced increases in fatty acid metabolism. This was supported by immunostaining, which showed reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a DAM marker, in the cortex and hippocampus. Overall, NR appeared to mitigate age-related cognitive decline by shifting microglial gene expression and metabolism toward a younger phenotype, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance for healthy brain aging.
49. Experimental investigation on enhancing the mechanical properties of biodegradable Zn-3Mg alloys reinforced with snail-shell particulates via powder metallurgy.
期刊: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Biodegradable zinc-based alloys are promising candidates as a new generation implant materials due to their favorable degradation rates compared to magnesium and iron. However, their relatively low mechanical strength hinders their clinical usage. In this experimental study, Zn-3Mg/xSnS (x = 0.5-6 wt%) composites were manufactured via powder metallurgy. The performance of the obtained samples was systematically investigated via microstructural analysis (SEM), mechanical properties (compressive yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness), in vitro degradation, and cytocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells. According to the obtained results, SnS reinforcement significantly improved mechanical performance. Microstructural investigation revealed homogeneous SnS distribution and refinement of intermetallic phases. Among all the sample groups, Zn-3Mg-2SnS resulted in a compressive yield strength of 402 MPa, elastic modulus of 49 GPa, and hardness of 151 HV. Degradation tests were performed for 28 days, and the samples exhibited a moderate corrosion rate ( ~ 0.2 mm/year). Cytotoxicity assays confirmed >70% cell viability at 50% extract concentrations. These results show that Zn-3Mg alloys can be efficiently reinforced with bio-derived SnS particles, improving their strength and biocompatibility without decreasing their degradation performance.
50. Hand function in immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases: assessment and rehabilitation approaches.
期刊: Rheumatology international 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) are chronic autoimmune conditions that affect a variety of organs and systems. These disorders have a major impact on hand function, restricting independence in daily activities and lowering quality of life. They are characterized by significant reductions in the hand’s fine motor skills, grip strength, and coordination capacities. These impairments in hand function have a detrimental influence on physical capability, psychological adjustment, and occupational productivity. Since IRDs are chronic and progressive, early detection, continuous follow-up, and multifaceted rehabilitation strategies are essential. Self-report measures and performance-based assessments are utilized to evaluate hand function. Furthermore, imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy computed tomography, provide an objective evaluation of subclinical inflammation and structural damage. Rehabilitation approaches, as a complement to medical care, play an important role in maintaining and enhancing hand function. Multicomponent therapies, including exercise, splinting, occupational therapy, manual therapy, massage, and patient education, are beneficial for preserving functional gains. Future research is anticipated to concentrate on discovering biomarkers for early diagnosis, creating sensor-based digital evaluation tools and telerehabilitation programs, and developing individualized, AI-powered rehabilitation procedures. These developments will make a substantial contribution to preserving hand function and enhancing the quality of life for IRD patients.
51. Chronic pain in Functional Neurological Disorders: clinical outcomes from an inpatient rehabilitation program.
期刊: Pain management 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an inpatient multidisciplinary program for patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) presenting with chronic pain. Data was obtained from 100 patients with FND who completed a four-week inpatient multidisciplinary team (MDT) program between 2021 and 2023. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients presenting with chronic pain as their main symptom and those without predominant pain. The results were also compared to data collected nine years earlier. FND patients with predominant chronic pain showed significant improvements in ratings on depression and anxiety symptoms, occupational and health status, including pain. Patients without predominant pain also significantly improved in their outcome measures. The extent of overall improvement did not differ significantly between the groups. Compared to earlier data, there was a shift from opiates to increased prescribing of neuropathic pain agents. A significant increase in referrals of FND patients with chronic pain was also observed over time. Our findings suggest that FND patients presenting predominantly with chronic pain can benefit from inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Integrating a pain management team, particularly to address opiate medication use, would promote a more cohesive approach to treatment. This study looked at how helpful a four-week hospital treatment program is for people with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), especially those who have chronic pain. FND is a condition affecting how the brain works and is not due to any damage or disease. It can cause a range of neurological problems with walking, balance, limb weakness, seizures, sensory issues, as well as pain. In this treatment program, a team of health professionals, including doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and psychologists worked together to support the patients. The researchers collected information on 100 patients with FND who took part in the program between 2021 and 2023. They compared people whose main problem was pain to those who did not report pain as their main symptom. Both groups showed clear improvements on completing the program. People felt less anxious and depressed, their general health and ability to manage daily activities got better. They also reported less pain by the end of treatment. The amount of improvement was similar in both groups. The study also compared these results to data from nine years earlier. This showed that more people with FND and pain are being referred to the program. There has also been a move away from using strong painkillers (opioids) to other types of medication used for nerve pain. The findings suggest that this type of program can help people with FND and chronic pain. Involving pain specialists, especially to help manage the opioid medications could improve their overall treatment.
52. Prevalence of Insomnia by Sex in U.S. Service Members: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Insomnia is a significant yet underrecognized concern among U.S. service members (SMs), with broad implications for health, performance, and operational readiness. Prior prevalence estimates of insomnia vary widely, often because of inconsistent definitions, measurements, and study designs, which limits clear interpretation in the absence of pooled estimates. Sex-specific prevalence has also been reported in primary studies; however, findings remain mixed and inconclusive without pooled estimates. Branch-specific data are even more limited and can therefore only be synthesized descriptively. Unlike previous reviews, no meta-analysis has estimated insomnia prevalence solely on U.S. SMs and disaggregated by sex, leaving a critical gap in understanding within the military. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall and sex-specific prevalence of insomnia in SMs and describe available data by service branch. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published between January 2016 and October 2024. Eligible studies reported insomnia prevalence in U.S. military populations. Meta-analyses were conducted in R using a random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity. Eight studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 3 cohort and 5 cross-sectional designs, with insomnia sample sizes from 49 to 66,869 participants. The pooled prevalence of insomnia was 18% (95% CI, 0.11-0.29, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%). Sensitivity analysis yielded a slightly higher prevalence of 23% (95% CI, 0.18-0.29, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%). Sex-specific subgroup analysis revealed female SMs had higher odds of insomnia than males (OR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.12-3.76, P < .001, I2 = 98.7%), supported by sensitivity analysis (OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.36-1.54, P = .91, I2 = 0%). Branch-specific meta-analysis was not feasible because of limited data. This review begins to address the gap by providing prevalence estimates of insomnia among SMs by narrowing wide-ranging prevalence estimates to a pooled range of 18-23% and demonstrating higher odds among females compared to males. Findings provide a more precise epidemiologic estimate and highlight the need for standardized insomnia measurement tools, expanded and consistent sex- and branch-specific research, and the incorporation of occupational and contextual factors. Addressing these gaps is critical to inform health planning and to support future sex- and branch-specific efforts to optimize readiness across the U.S. military.
53. Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire in Hebrew (H-DSMQ) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Israel.
期刊: Research in nursing & health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern, including in Israel. Effective Diabetes self-management (DSM) is critical for achieving glycemic targets and preventing complications. While several tools exist to assess DSM, none have been translated for Hebrew-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) into Hebrew (H-DSMQ) and evaluate its psychometric properties. The DSMQ was translated into Hebrew using a standard forward-backward translation procedure. A convenience sample of 220 community-dwelling adults with T2D in Israel was recruited via PANEL4ALL. Internal consistency was tested with Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was examined via Confirmatory Factor Analysis and known-groups validity, and criterion validity through correlations between H-DSMQ scores, HbA1c, and BMI. The H-DSMQ construct validity was supported by CFA. In addition, known-groups validity was established, with participants with less than 7% reporting significantly higher self-management in glucose monitoring, dietary control/nutrition management, and healthcare use compared to those with above 7.1% HbA1c levels. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant negative correlations between HbA1c and healthcare use/glucose monitoring, and between BMI and nutrition management/physical activity. The reliability of the H-DSMQ subscales ranged from poor (healthcare use, α = 0.461) to good (physical activity, α = 0.83). The H-DSMQ is a reliable and valid tool for clinical and research purposes to assess self-care behaviors related to blood glucose management in Hebrew-speaking adults with T2D. The H-DSMQ may support nurses by encouraging constructive and comprehensive dialog for assessing DSM.
54. From Silence to Action: An Ethical Framework for Confronting the Medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation.
期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
55. Digital Games for Cognitive Enhancement in Healthy Older Adults: A Scoping Review.
期刊: Games for health journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cognitive decline in older adults is a significant public health concern that impacts quality of life. Digital games have emerged as accessible interventions with potential cognitive benefits for this population. This scoping review examines studies evaluating the effects of digital games on cognition in older adults. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, a systematic search identified 28 studies involving 1201 participants (mean age = 71.57 years). The interventions ranged from computer-based games-systems incorporating physical activity, such as Nintendo consoles, kinetic devices, and virtual reality. Cognitive outcomes were assessed across several domains, including executive function, memory, attention, processing speed, and language. Motor skills and executive function showed the greatest improvements; however, mixed outcomes were observed for other domains. Factors such as game complexity and participant demographics influenced variability, with complex games yielding greater benefits and device type having minimal impact. These findings suggest that digital games can be used as cognitive interventions for healthy older adults, particularly for executive function. Simultaneously, variability in results highlights the need for tailored interventions and optimized game design. Future research should explore long-term efficacy, the role of game complexity, and intervention characteristics-maximize therapeutic potential.
56. Differences in the Neural Substrate for Physical and Mental Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
期刊: Brain and behavior 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Identifying patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who primarily experience a gradual decline in mental rather than physical quality of life (QoL) is clinically significant, as QoL worsening may be underestimated. This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and neural substrates of PwMS with predominantly reduced physical and mental QoL to distinguish between these patients. This study included 75 PwMS, of whom 56 had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 19 had progressive MS. The Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used to assess neuropsychological abnormalities and health-related QoL. Physical and mental QoL were not correlated. In a subset of PwMS, cluster analysis revealed that either physical or mental QoL was primarily affected. Patients with reduced physical QoL (n = 9) were generally older, more likely to have a progressive disease course, and had higher EDSS scores. Imaging revealed reduced whole-brain and grey matter volumes, as well as bilateral cortical atrophy in the frontal lobes, specifically in the left rostral middle frontal cortex. In contrast, patients with reduced mental QoL (n = 19) had a relapsing-remitting disease course and elevated MSNQ scores. These patients exhibited an increased lesion load, T1 white matter hypointensity volume, and bilateral cortical atrophy in the temporal lobes, specifically in the right insula and left superior temporal cortex. PwMS with predominantly reduced mental QoL exhibit distinct inflammatory changes that may contribute to disrupted connectivity and cortical atrophy in the lateral postcentral regions.
57. Disrupted Practice Effects and Altered Prefrontal Activation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An fNIRS Study Using the Stroop Task.
期刊: Brain and behavior 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Executive dysfunction, particularly inhibitory control, is an early core symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is often associated with altered prefrontal cortical activity. Repeated engagement in cognitive tasks may offer a means of assessing and potentially enhancing neural adaptability in these regions. This study examined how repeated Stroop task performance modulates executive function and prefrontal cortical activation in older adults with MCI, compared to cognitively healthy controls (HC), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of 37 older adults (17: MCI, 20: HC) completed three consecutive sessions of a computerized color-word Stroop task. Behavioral performance (reaction time) and hemodynamic responses (oxyhemoglobin, HbO) were recorded across predefined prefrontal regions of interest, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontopolar cortex. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in response time and reduced HbO activation in the VLPFC across sessions in the HC group, suggesting enhanced cognitive efficiency and selective inhibition. By contrast, the MCI group demonstrated delayed and limited adaptation, with meaningful changes occurring only in the final session. Healthy aging is associated with rapid neurofunctional adaptation to cognitive challenges, whereas individuals with MCI exhibit impaired plasticity in executive control circuits. fNIRS sensitively detects early executive deficits, supporting its potential for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.