公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-11-24)
共收录 60 篇研究文章
1. From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
期刊: Pharmaceutical biology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been consumed as fresh leaves or teas. Under those conditions, exposure to 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)-a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist-is minimal, as it occurs only at trace levels in leaf material. By contrast, the U.S. market offers chemically enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH products, often marketed as ‘kratom’ yet chemically distinct from botanical preparations. ‘7-OH’, ‘7-hydroxymitragynine’, and ‘kratom’ were used as keywords; relevant literature was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Pharmacological studies consistently identify 7-OH as a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist with nanomolar affinity, greater efficacy than mitragynine, and often exceeding the potency of morphine. Animal experiments demonstrate robust antinociceptive effects, respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and reinforcing properties characteristic of opioids. Human pharmacokinetic studies show systemic exposure after kratom ingestion, but concentrated 7-OH products bypass metabolic formation, producing markedly higher exposures. Regulatory surveillance, poison-center data, and marketplace audits confirm a rapid increase in availability and use of these products. State health departments have reported severe intoxications and fatalities. Clinical cases describe escalating use, medically managed withdrawal, and psychiatric destabilization, while forensic investigations document postmortem concentrations consistent with fatal opioid toxicity. Pediatric risk is amplified by developmental susceptibility, absence of age restrictions, and marketing in confectionary formats. Emerging analogues such as MGM-15 further extend this trajectory. Collectively, the evidence demonstrates that concentrated 7-OH products are pharmacologically and toxicologically distinct from kratom leaf and pose significant risks of morbidity and mortality under typical conditions of use.
2. Effects of Oral Taurine Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
期刊: Nutrition reviews 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid vital for cardiovascular health, is suggested as a promising intervention for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk. In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) we sought to evaluate the effects of taurine on cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles reporting RCTs that investigated the effects of taurine on cardiometabolic risk factors. Data extraction was performed in accordance with the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model or a common-effect model was used to calculate mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs). Thirty-four eligible RCTs were analyzed. Taurine supplementation resulted in significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (MD, -5.90 mg/dL; 95% CI, -9.65 to -2.15), glycated hemoglobin A1c (MD, -0.21%; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.05), fasting insulin (SMD, -0.55; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.32), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (MD, -0.57; 95% CI, -0.74 to -0.40), triglycerides (MD, -14.42 mg/dL; 95% CI, -23.60 to -5.25), total cholesterol (MD, -12.41 mg/dL; 95% CI, -19.10 to -5.71), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD, -5.08 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.35 to -1.81), systolic blood pressure (MD, -4.38 mmHg; 95% CI, -7.26 to -1.50), diastolic blood pressure (MD, -2.54 mmHg; 95% CI, -3.97 to -1.11), aspartate aminotransferase (MD, -9.65 U/L; 95% CI, -17.39 to -1.90), alanine aminotransferase (MD, -8.26 U/L; 95% CI, -14.81 to -1.70), C-reactive protein (SMD, -1.26; 95% CI, -2.01 to -0.52), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD, -0.35 pg/mL; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.14), and malondialdehyde (SMD, -1.16; 95% CI, -1.81 to -0.52). Subgroup and dose-response analyses indicated that a daily taurine dose of 1.5-3.0 g was more effective in improving these cardiometabolic risk factors. Specifically, taurine intervention for ≥8 weeks yielded greater improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, while durations <8 weeks were optimal for managing blood pressure and inflammation. Taurine supplementation may effectively improve cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, underscoring its potential to reduce the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases. PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024577852.
3. Association Between Changes in Salt Intake and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
期刊: Nutrition reviews 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Excessive salt intake is a well-established, modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although reducing salt consumption lowers blood pressure (BP), the quantitative association across intake levels, subgroup differences, and the influence of salt-intake assessment methods remain uncertain. To evaluate the association between salt-intake levels and BP across randomized controlled trials using predefined intake categories and to explore study-level continuous trends. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Sinomed databases were searched from inception to December 2024, without language restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened records using prespecified PICOS criteria, extracted study characteristics and outcomes (systolic and diastolic BPs), and assessed risk of bias with the RoB2 tool. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion or third-reviewer adjudication. Salt was used as the primary exposure metric (measured in grams per day; conversion: 1 g sodium = 2.54 g salt). Random-effects meta-analyses compared standardized intake categories (high >15 g d-1; moderate 5-15 g d-1; low <5 g d-1). Prespecified study-level meta-regression was conducted as an exploratory assessment of continuous trends. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses considered salt sensitivity, age, intervention duration, comorbid conditions, geographic region, publication year, and potassium handling. Publication bias diagnostics were performed where applicable. Across 43 randomized controlled trials (1983-2024), higher amounts of salt intake were associated with higher BP, whereas lower intake was associated with larger BP reductions, demonstrating a graded association across intake categories. Exploratory study-level continuous trends were not statistically significant, consistent with residual heterogeneity, exposure measurement error, and adherence variation. These findings support individualized salt-reduction strategies and robust public-health measures, including food reformulation and national salt-reduction programs, to reduce the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024617388.
4. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Improved Lipid Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
期刊: Nutrition reviews 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) serve as an incretin-based hypoglycemic class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4i have been reported to produce a pleiotropic effect on lipid profiles in addition to regulation of glucose homeostasis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively evaluate the impact of DPP-4i on lipid parameters in patients with T2D. PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Trials were identified if changes in lipid parameters, including low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were reported. A total of 95 publications were identified. DPP-4i significantly reduced levels of LDL-C (-3.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.77 to -2.20; I2 = 70%, P < .00001), TC (-2.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.88 to -1.29; I2 = 73%, P < .0001), TG (-5.39 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.04 to -2.75; I2 = 77%, P < .0001), and non-HDL-C (-6.27 mg/dL; 95% CI, -10.94 to -1.60; I2 = 53%, P = .008). No significant effect was found on HDL-C (-0.32 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.19 to 0.55; I2 = 97%, P = .47) and ApoB (-0.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.36 to 1.60; I2 = 36%, P = .49) during DPP-4i treatment. DDP-4i significantly improved lipid parameters including LDL-C, TC, TG, and non-HDL-C in patients with T2D. This underscores the potential cardiovascular benefits of DPP-4i and their role in improving diabetes-related outcomes. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020175999.
5. The impact of sustainable food and future concerns on anxiety levels of individuals living in the earthquake zone.
期刊: Psychology, health & medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
The consequences such as the destruction of this study was conducted in order to examine the impact of concerns for sustainable food and future on state-trait anxiety levels of individuals living in the earthquake zone. Being a descriptive study, it was conducted with 554 individuals who experienced the earthquake in February 2023. Socio-demographic ınformation questionnaire and statefulness-continuity anxiety ınventory were used for data collection. In the study, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and multiple-regression analysis were used. The mean age of the participants was found to be 34.49 ± 13.63. There was a statistical significance between state and trait anxiety levels and the anxiety about the future, access to food, food safety, food storage, food hygiene, food processing and sheltering. It was found that 20.2% of the change in the level of state anxiety of the participants was about the future, about having access to enough food for themselves and thier families, and about sheltering. Additionally, 10.8% of the variance in trait anxiety levels was attributed to concerns about the safety of accessible food, access to sufficient food for themselves and their families, and future housing.
6. [The role of the PNPLA3 gene rs738409 variant in the spectrum of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver diseases].
期刊: Orvosi hetilap 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - more recently referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) - has become a widespread public health concern. Among the various factors contributing to its development and progression toward more severe forms (including steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma), a single nucleotide polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution, has emerged as one of the key genetic factors. Over the past two decades, this variant has been extensively studied. Current knowledge regarding both the clinical relevance of this variant and the role of its gene product in disease pathogenesis continues to expand, providing increasing insight into the physiological and pathological functions of PNPLA3 gene variants and their encoded protein isoforms. Although PNPLA3 genotyping is not yet part of routine diagnostics or therapeutic decision-making, the growing body of research and the variant’s considerable effect size suggest potential future applications in prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategies - particularly within the framework of personalized medicine. The aim of this review is to provide a structured summary of the currently available published evidence, covering aspects of PNPLA3 functionality, biological mechanisms, clinical implications, and its potential utility in diagnostics, disease progression assessment, and therapeutic interventions. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(47): 1843-1856. A nem alkoholos zsírmájbetegség (NAFLD) – vagy újabb terminológia alapján metabolikus funkciózavarhoz társuló steatoticus májbetegség (MASLD) – napjaink népbetegsége, amelynek kialakulásában és a spektrumbetegség súlyosabb kórállapotainak megjelenésében (steatoticus májgyulladás, májfibrosis, májcirrhosis és májrák) kiemelkedik a PNPLA3, egy egypontos, aminosavcserével (C>G) járó génvariáns szerepe, amelyet az elmúlt több mint 20 évben kiterjedten vizsgáltak. Mind a klinikai, mind pedig a génterméknek a kórállapot kialakulásában betöltött szerepéről szóló ismeretanyag napról napra bővül, ezáltal egyre jobban megérthetjük a PNPLA3 génvariánsoknak és kódolt fehérjeváltozataiknak az élettani és kóros funkciókban betöltött szerepét. A PNPLA3-genotipizálás egyelőre még nem része sem a rutindiagnosztikának, sem a terápiás döntéshozatalnak, a rendelkezésre álló kutatási eredmények és a hatásnagyság alapján azonban elképzelhető, hogy prognosztikai és terápiás stratégiákban történő felhasználására sor kerülhet a jövőben, elsősorban a személyre szabott medicina keretein belül. A közlemény célja a jelenleg rendelkezésre álló publikált eredmények strukturált formában történő összefoglalása, amely egyaránt érinti a funkcionalitást, a működést, a klinikai konzekvenciákat, a diagnosztikus/progresszióbecslő és terápiás lehetőségeket. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(47): 1843–1856.
7. Assessing the role of iodination degree on biodegradation kinetics and transformation pathways of iodinated contrast media and derivatives.
期刊: Biodegradation 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Triiodinated aromatic compounds used as iodinated contrast media in medical imaging are poorly biodegradable. Reductive dehalogenation enhances biotransformation, but the specific influence of iodination degree on biodegradation remains unclear. This study investigated the biodegradation of twelve model substances: iopromide and diatrizoate (both iodinated contrast media), 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid (ATIA, a precursor and transformation product), and their diiodinated, monoiodinated, and deiodinated derivatives. Biodegradation kinetics were assessed in Zahn-Wellens tests and nitrate-reducing aquifer material-water batch tests. DT50 values were calculated to compare degradation rates. Transformation pathways were reconstructed based on literature data and detected transformation products, and evaluated for dependencies on iodination degree. In Zahn-Wellens tests, the iopromide derivatives degraded rapidly (DT50: 0.7-1.2 d) regardless of iodination degree. In contrast, degradation of the diatrizoate derivatives (DT50: 0.9-65 d) and the ATIA derivatives (DT50: 0.3-44 d) was strongly influenced by iodine number and position. For iopromide, transformation pathways were consistent across derivatives and included several novel transformation products beyond the previously assumed final product DDPI. In nitrate-reducing aquifer suspensions, aerobic pathways also occurred for the iopromide derivatives (DT50: 38.7-42.3 d). In contrast, only the monoiodinated and deiodinated diatrizoate were transformed (DT50: 5.6-8.2 d). Mineralization of the ATIA derivatives, measured via dissolved organic carbon, was significantly enhanced for the monoiodinated and deiodinated compound. The findings underline the importance of iodination degree for biotransformation and mineralization. This is particularly relevant for bank filtration, where (partial) deiodination to iodinated aromatics occurs before these compounds enter aerobic drinking water treatment.
8. [The Hungarian Neonatal Hearing Screening Registry: insights from five years of operation].
期刊: Orvosi hetilap 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Newborn hearing screening plays a crucial role in the early detection and treatment of hearing loss. This study presents a database developed by Hungarian software engineers, designed for the collection and analysis of data on hearing screening and subsequent care. The National Newborn Hearing Screening Registry has been collecting data since September 1, 2019, on mandatory objective hearing screening conducted in neonatal units and neonatal intensive care centres, along with confirmations from five designated verification centres. The aim of the study is to describe the structure of the database and to analyze the data collected. The registry aggregates data from screening devices performing brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BERA) via machine-to-machine communication. Indicators were defined and analyzed using registry data collected over a five-year period (2020-2024) and evaluated annually. During the study period, hearing screening data for a total of 345,945 newborns were recorded in the database. According to the registry data, screening coverage was 80.16%. Among screened newborns, 6.14% were referred due to suspected hearing loss. Only 16.81% of those who had a positive screening result underwent audiological evaluation at a verification centre, according to the transferred data. Data reported to the registry indicate that newborn hearing screening is not yet comprehensive. The high rate of suspected cases places an increased burden on the health care system and affected families. There is a low rate of data transfer to verification centres, raising concerns regarding access to adequate audiological diagnostics and treatment for screened children. These findings underscore the importance of standardized data collection for effective hearing rehabilitation. The results provide insight into care pathways and highlight critical deficiencies in the system that require improvement. Data collection alone is insufficient; continuous data and patient follow-up are essential. Enhancing the involvement and awareness of health visitors and pediatricians is also key, which constitutes one of the main objectives of this study. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(47): 1869-1876. Bevezetés: Az újszülöttkori hallásszűrés kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bír a halláscsökkenés korai felismerésében és kezelésében. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk bemutat egy magyar fejlesztésű adatbázist, amely a hallásszűrési és -ellátási adatok gyűjtésére és elemzésére szolgál. A Nemzeti Újszülöttkori Hallásszűrés Regiszter 2019. szeptember 1. óta gyűjt adatokat az újszülöttosztályokon és a neonatalis intenzív centrumokban végzett kötelező objektív hallásszűrés eredményéről és a kijelölt öt verifikálócentrum visszaigazolásáról. A kutatás célja az adatbázis struktúrájának ismertetése és a gyűjtött adatok elemzése. Módszer: A regiszter az agytörzsi kiváltott válaszok (BERA) mérését végző szűrőkészülékek adatait gép-gép kapcsolaton keresztül gyűjti össze. Indikátorok meghatározása és elemzése történt a regiszter adatai alapján a 2020 és 2024 közötti ötéves periódusban, éves lebontásban. Eredmények: A vizsgált időszakban összesen 345 945 újszülött hallásszűrési adata került az adatbázisba. A szűrési lefedettség 80,16%-os volt. A halláscsökkenés gyanújával kiszűrt újszülöttek aránya 6,14% volt. A pozitív szűrési eredményt mutató gyermekek 16,81%-ánál készült verifikálócentrumban audiológiai vizsgálat a regiszterbe felvitt adatok alapján. Megbeszélés: A regiszterbe bejelentett adatok alapján a hallásszűrés nem valósul meg teljeskörűen. A kiszűrések aránya nagy, ami a további ellátási rendszerre és az érintett családokra nagyobb terhet jelent. Alacsony szintű a verifikálócentrumokba történő adattovábbítás, és kérdéses a kiszűrt gyermekek eljutása a megfelelő audiológiai diagnosztikára és ellátásra. Következtetés: Az eredmények alátámasztják az egységesített adatgyűjtés fontosságát a hatékony hallásrehabilitáció érdekében. Következtetéseket vonhatunk le a betegutak működéséről, és rávilágít a hiányosságokra, javításra szoruló pontokra. Nem elegendő az adatgyűjtés, folyamatos adat- és betegkövetés szükséges. A védőnők, házi gyermekorvosok bevonása, tudatosságuk növelése fontos, ami a jelen cikk célját is képezi. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(47): 1869–1876.
9. Prevalence and associated factors of persistent precancerous lesions among women treated for cervical lesions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
期刊: The oncologist 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among Ethiopian women, despite being largely preventable. Women treated for precancerous cervical lesions remain at elevated risk of developing invasive cancer, yet little is known about the burden and predictors of persistent lesions following treatment in resource-limited settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 242 women who underwent ablative or excisional therapy for precancerous cervical lesions at three clinics in Addis Ababa between November 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical records. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with persistent lesions, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of the 242 women treated, 104 (43.0%; 95% CI, 37.2%-49.6%) experienced persistent lesions within 1 year. Persistent lesion rates were highest among women initially screened with Pap smear (97.4%) compared to VIA (21.9%) and HPV DNA testing (14.7%). Independent predictors of persistent lesions included an age of ≥ 50 years (AOR = 5.4; 95% CI, 1.56-18.93), being married (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.15-5.44), a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status (AOR = 5.0; 95% CI, 1.41-20.3), and Pap smear as the initial screening modality (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.04-23.15). Nearly half of the women treated for precancerous cervical lesions experienced persistent disease within 1 year, particularly those who were older, married, HIV-positive, or initially screened by Pap smear. These findings raise concerns about the effectiveness of current treatment and screening strategies. The high rate of persistent cervical lesions following treatment highlights the need for tailored follow-up protocols, especially for high-risk groups such as women living with HIV and those over the age of 50 years. Expanding access to HPV DNA testing and implementing risk-based follow-up strategies could improve outcomes and reduce persistent lesions, particularly in resource-limited settings where reliance on VIA or Pap smear remains common.
10. Care coordination in screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT): A scoping review.
期刊: The American journal on addictions 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for substance use in primary care remains challenging. Care coordination (CC) may strengthen SBIRT by supporting brief interventions, improving referral follow-through, and enhancing continuity. CC models and outcomes vary, however, and no prior scoping review has synthesized these. A comprehensive search of 10 resources, including Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO, was conducted on 4/15/2025. Eligible studies described outpatient SBIRT models adding CC for any age group. Articles were excluded if they lacked CC, presented no original data, or were not in English. Relevant implementation and patient-level outcomes were extracted to describe CC models and their impact. Of 737 abstracts and 50 full texts reviewed, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Studies spanned primary care, specialty care, and age ranges. CC models included embedded behavioral health providers, centralized linkage managers, and remote coordinators using phone or digital platforms. CC was associated with higher screening completion, brief intervention delivery, referral initiation, and treatment engagement. Successful integration incorporated structured communication, follow-up protocols, and accessible technology. Barriers included limited billing infrastructure, weak electronic record integration, and unclear roles. CC appears to enhance SBIRT implementation and treatment engagement across outpatient settings. Embedded approaches offer relational benefits, while remote and digital strategies show promise for scalability. Comparative studies are needed to assess effectiveness, cost, and contextual fit. Provides the first review of CC models within SBIRT, highlighting their implementation impact and guiding future optimization.
11. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension as the Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Literature Review.
期刊: The American journal of case reports 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is an uncommon but serious neurological condition that can precede systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Early recognition is essential to prevent complications, such as permanent vision loss. In this report, we describe a case of IIH as the initial presentation of SLE and review the relevant literature. CASE REPORT A 23-year-old previously healthy Saudi woman presented with a 1-week history of persistent headache and blurred vision, along with fatigue and bilateral leg swelling. Neurological examination revealed papilledema and mild left abducens nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography were normal. Laboratory workup showed pancytopenia, positive antinuclear antibody and anti-dsDNA antibodies, low complement levels, and proteinuria. She was given a diagnosis of SLE with lupus nephritis and presumed IIH. Treatment included high-dose corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and acetazolamide. While her symptoms initially improved, persistent papilledema and worsening proteinuria were noted during follow-up, indicating ongoing disease activity. CONCLUSIONS IIH can be an atypical and isolated early manifestation of SLE, especially in young women. This case underscores the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies in patients with unexplained intracranial hypertension. Prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment are critical to reducing the risk of vision loss and long-term neurological damage. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiological connection between SLE and IIH.
12. Secondary prevention of cellulitis: A systematic review.
期刊: Phlebology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
ObjectivesCellulitis is a common and often recurrent bacterial skin infection. Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for cellulitis and antibiotic prophylaxis is a known preventive measure for frequent recurrence. Evidence for other interventions targeting known risk factors (secondary prevention) remains unclear. This review evaluates the evidence for managing risk factors to prevent recurrent limb cellulitis.Study designA systematic review of studies on cellulitis risk factor management, excluding antibiotic prophylaxis, was conducted. Five databases were searched in February 2023 and June 2024. Eligible studies underwent narrative synthesis and quality assessment. Databases searched included MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE, for the time period 1996-June 2024.Data synthesisSummary of major results; Of 1,116 screened papers, 25 met the criteria. Study designs varied, with only one randomized controlled trial. Nearly all studies addressed lymphoedema, showing that its management, particularly with compression, consistently reduced cellulitis recurrence. Although cellulitis guidelines detail the need to address many risk factors to reduce cellulitis, including tinea and ulcers, we did not find studies that linked the management of these conditions with cellulitis recurrence.ConclusionsEvidence strongly supports lymphoedema management in preventing cellulitis recurrence, studies on other risk factors including skin integrity, are lacking. Studies to support strategies beyond antibiotic prophylaxis are needed.
13. Maternal obesity during pregnancy disrupts iron homeostasis and promotes fetal hypoxia in the mouse.
期刊: The Journal of physiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Research in both humans and animals has consistently demonstrated that diverse complications during pregnancy impact on the risk of chronic diseases in the offspring. In many settings, over half of women are either overweight or living with obesity during pregnancy. This has short- and long-term impacts on offspring health. The mechanisms mediating changes in the fetal environment that may trigger developmental origins of future cardiometabolic risk in the offspring are not fully elucidated. In this study, using an established mouse model, we aimed to determine whether obesity during pregnancy causes fetal hypoxia and to explore potential underlying mechanisms. We showed that fetal hypoxia is a key component of the in utero obesogenic environment at E13.5/0.7 of gestation. Concomitantly, obese dams exhibit low iron levels, as well as higher circulating levels of hepcidin and C-reactive protein. We also showed that placental structure and efficiency are not affected by maternal obesity at E13.5, suggesting that the reduction in oxygen delivery to the fetus was not a consequence of placental dysfunction at this stage of gestation. We conclude that maternal obesity-induced iron deficiency and fetal hypoxia are important mechanisms by which obesity during pregnancy impacts offspring health. Furthermore, iron deficiency in mothers with obesity is a tractable therapeutic target for intervention that could prevent transmission of poor cardiometabolic health from mother to child. KEY POINTS: Diet-induced maternal obesity resulted in fetal, but not placental, hypoxia. Pregnant mice with obesity had lower circulating iron levels, along with dysregulation of key molecules involved in iron homeostasis, such as transferrin and the hormone hepcidin. Body weight, fat mass, circulating insulin and hepcidin levels in mothers with obesity were significantly correlated with the degree of fetal hypoxia, suggesting they were interrelated.
14. Bimodal Plasmonic Devices Reveal Extensive Collagen Deposition in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on 3D Self-Assembled Peptide Scaffolds via a Birefringence-Induced Colorimetric Response.
期刊: Macromolecular bioscience 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tissue engineering holds promise for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), where protective hydrogel scaffolds have been combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to promote chondrogenesis. Quantification of chondrogenesis by MSCs in 3D culture requires the imaging and detection of deposited extracellular matrix (ECM) components like collagen and proteoglycans. ECM protein quantification should be performed in a non-destructive, label-free, and simple manner. Here, we demonstrate a nanoplasmonic colorimetric device for the imaging of collagen requiring only a simple optical microscope. MSCs were encapsulated in the hydrogel-forming peptide Fmoc-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) with arginine glycine aspartic acid (RGD) added. We showed, by colorimetric histology, that increased concentrations of RGD resulted in a significant increase in collagen deposition after 21 days. Traditional techniques such as immunohistological staining were not able to detect any RGD dependent increases in ECM deposition. Through an in-depth biophysical analysis we were able to correlate elevated RGD with enhanced cell-viability, collagen deposition, and reduced hydrogel stability. In summary, plasmon-enhanced colorimetric histology provides a non-destructive, label-free means to image collagen without resorting to destructive sample processing and complex immunohistological staining. This approach holds broad potential for routine quantification of collagen-rich biomaterials, promising widespread applications across research and clinical settings.
15. Profiling muscle mass, function and molecular signalling in females aged 18-80 years and their associations with sex hormones.
期刊: The Journal of physiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Whether and how ovarian hormone fluctuations mediate the skeletal muscle response to ageing in females remains to be elucidated. We examined a tightly controlled, cross-sectional cohort of 96 females 18-80 years of age to map the functional and molecular trajectory of muscle ageing and determine its relationship with female sex hormones. Across every decade, we quantified body composition (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle morphology (using peripheral quantitative computed tomography), and voluntary and evoked muscle function. Circulating sex hormone concentrations were measured with GC-MS and immunoassays. Morphology and gene expression of vastus lateralis muscle samples were assessed with immunohistochemical staining and RNA sequencing, respectively. Age was negatively associated with muscle mass, strength and muscle fibre size, and positively associated with hybrid type I/IIa fibre prevalence and fibrosis. We found 37 unique patterns of gene expression across individual decades of age. Immune signalling, cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix organization pathways were the most upregulated with age, whilst mitochondrial function pathways were the most downregulated. Independently of age, circulating oestradiol and progesterone, but not testosterone, concentrations were positively associated with lean mass and negatively associated with hybrid muscle fibres across the lifespan. Oestrogen receptor binding sites were significantly enriched in upregulated genes in pre- versus post-menopausal muscle, suggesting a reduction in the translation of oestrogen target genes after menopause. Altogether, sex hormone fluctuations across the female lifespan may contribute to age-related muscle wasting, although longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to determine the causal nature of the relationship. KEY POINTS: Females live longer than males but experience worse disability in the later decades of life, highlighting the need to study female-specific patterns of ageing. This study mapped female body composition, muscle morphology, function and gene expression across every decade from 18 to 80 years of age in tightly controlled conditions and examined the relationships with circulating sex hormones. Unique patterns of muscle gene expression across ageing showed an overall increase in immune signalling and a decrease in mitochondrial respiration pathways, but limited associations with circulating sex hormones. Independently of age, circulating oestradiol and progesterone, but not testosterone, were associated with muscle mass and morphology across the lifespan, after adjusting for influential lifestyle factors (protein intake and physical activity). Fluctuations in female sex hormones across the lifespan should be considered when developing therapies to mitigate age-related muscle wasting and improve the female health span.
16. Occupational physical behaviors and knee pain among eldercare workers: A prospective accelerometer study.
期刊: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study was to explore the prospective association between compositions of accelerometry-measured occupational physical behaviors and the risk of knee pain among eldercare workers. We performed a prospective study among 377 eldercare workers employed across 20 Danish nursing homes. Occupational physical behaviors were measured using thigh-worn accelerometers over 1-4 working days. Workers reported intensity of and days with knee pain in a questionnaire at baseline and after one year. We explored associations between compositions of occupational physical behaviors [ie, sedentary, standing, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)] and knee pain, adjusting for potential confounders. No significant associations were found. Trends were found for increased occupational time spent in MVPA and decreased risk of days with knee pain [relative risk (RR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-1.05, P=0.07] in main analyses, and for decreased risk of knee pain intensity among non-knee pain cases (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.12-1.13, P=0.08) in sensitivity analyses. No significant associations were found between baseline occupational physical behaviors and knee pain at one-year follow-up. However, a non-significant trend suggested that increasing occupational MVPA might be associated with reduced risk of knee pain at follow-up, though studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this finding.
17. Effectiveness of home-based exercise programs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review.
期刊: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 发表日期: 2025-Nov-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
The purpose of this review is to synthesize the existing scientific literature on physical fitness levels and home-based exercise interventions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The review process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. A systematic search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, with the final search conducted on December 17, 2024. The search terms were (home-based OR home based OR home OR home-setting OR home care) AND (physical therapy OR intervention OR rehabilitation OR exercise OR physical activity OR training OR walking OR activity) AND (Child cancer OR leukemia OR lymphoma OR bone tumor OR brain tumor OR pediatric cancer OR hematopoietic stem cell transplantation OR bone marrow transplantation OR childhood cancer survivor). Based on the initial search terms, a total of 946 articles were identified through the database search, and 1 additional eligible study was found by reviewing the reference lists. After removing duplicates, 653 articles remained, and their titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, 638 articles were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. The full texts of the remaining 15 articles were then assessed against the inclusion criteria. Following this full-text review, 5 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Home-based exercise interventions have the potential to improve physical health parameters in children with ALL. However, further research in this field should be conducted with larger and more homogeneous sample sizes, adhering to stricter methodological standards.
18. [Intersectionality: a key factor for studying and addressing social inequities in health].
期刊: Gaceta sanitaria 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The intersectional approach helps to understand how social health inequalities emerge from the interaction of multiple axes of vulnerability, such as gender, social class, ethnicity, age, or migration status, and how these intersect with institutional structures and public policies. Applying this perspective to the health field requires moving beyond fragmented views and adopting analytical and intervention strategies that acknowledge the complexity of social determinants. Incorporating intersectionality into research, professional practice, and policymaking implies revising theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and information systems to make visible the experiences of the most disadvantaged groups. It also calls for stronger collaboration across sectors, disciplines, and decision-making levels, as well as for promoting community participation spaces that integrate diverse forms of knowledge. This article summarizes the main reflections and lessons from the event “Intersectional Approach to the Analysis and Intervention on Social Health Inequalities” emphasizing the need to translate intersectionality into operational tools to guide public action toward health equity.
19. Understanding patient preferences on providing sociodemographic information in an acute care setting: a qualitative study.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
20. The spatial effects and influencing factors of inter-provincial health resource allocation efficiency in China.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chinese government has been adjusting its strategies in response to rapid domestic and international changes to devise effective health policies and enhance public health. However, with the rapid socio-economic development and the COVID-19 outbreak, many researchers have identified issues of inefficiency and uneven distribution in health resource allocation within China. Therefore, how to scientifically allocate and efficiently use Chinese health resources has become an urgent issue. The super-efficiency SBM model and global Malmquist model were used to measure and dynamically monitor the health resource allocation efficiency of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020. Moran’s I was applied to test the spatial autocorrelation of the efficiency, and the spatial Dubin model was constructed to analyze influencing factors. All data were collected from the China Health Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook from 2008 to 2020. The super-efficiency SBM model revealed an average health resource allocation efficiency score of 0.632. The average Malmquist productivity index for the same period was 1.090, indicating a generally positive growth. Moran’s I test showed a notable spatial autocorrelation in efficiency distribution. And the regression results of the spatial Dubin model showed that the efficiency was affected by the dependency ratio, illiteracy rate, per capita disposable income, per capita public health budget expenditure, number of medical insurance participants, and the balance of medical insurance fund revenue and expenditure. The results revealed that China’s health resource allocation exhibited low efficiency and regional disparities, primarily driven by uneven regional development. From 2008 to 2020, overall productivity increased by 9%, which were predominantly attributable to technological advancements. Under conditions of strong spatial autocorrelation, the efficiency of health resource allocation was shaped by multiple factors operating through distinct spatial channels. Given the challenges of health resource allocation efficiency in China, it is vital to implement targeted strategies. These include strengthening policy support for inefficiency regions, relying on technological progress and scientific management, fostering cross-regional collaboration to leverage spatial effects, and considering multiple factors for rational health resource allocation to ensure the sustainability of the health services.
21. The collection and integration of data on migrants in health information systems: evidence from Ireland.
期刊: International journal for equity in health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
22. Overcoming barriers to childhood vaccination in a First Nations community: the impact of a home visiting program on vaccine uptake.
期刊: International journal for equity in health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
23. An equity-lens analysis of policies on child health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
期刊: Tropical medicine and health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite policy commitments to equitable healthcare, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continues to experience significant disparities in child health outcomes. While national health policies formally express support for equity in access to health services, there is limited evidence on the extent to which they incorporate the core concepts (CCs) of equity. This study assessed the extent to which equity is embedded in child health policies. The EquiFrame framework was used to analyse five child health policy documents selected based on their recency, public availability, and strategic relevance. In this study, 16 equity-related CCs were employed to evaluate both the extent of their coverage and the quality of the commitment demonstrated across the selected policy documents. Each document was analysed and ranked as low, moderate, or high in addressing equity-related CCs. The National Strategic Plan to Combat Malaria is the only policy document that achieved a high equity rating. The remaining documents were ranked as moderate. Overall, 44% of equity concepts were consistently included across all reviewed documents. While Access, Prevention, Quality, Capacity Building, Integration, and Participation were the most frequently addressed equity-related CCs, critical concepts such as Non-discrimination, Cultural Responsiveness, and Individualized Services were completely omitted. In most cases, the policy frameworks lacked the operational detail, clearly defined measurable actions and robust monitoring mechanisms required to achieve a meaningful impact. This study revealed significant gaps in addressing equity in child health policies in the DRC. Future policies should systematically incorporate all equity-related CCs, accompanied by clear, measurable actions and robust monitoring frameworks. Strengthening these components is essential to advance equitable access to child health services and ensure that all children, regardless of background or circumstance, can achieve their full health potential.
24. Effects of laser regulation on anti-inflammatory and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells though NF-κB signaling pathway.
期刊: BMC oral health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
In periodontitis, the classical inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway is activated, which promotes alveolar bone resorption and inhibits osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Low-energy laser therapy can reduce inflammation and promote healing. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of different low-energy lasers on inflammation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under inflammatory conditions, and to determine whether these effects are associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway at both the protein and gene levels. Healthy premolars or third molars were collected during oral and maxillofacial surgery, and periodontal ligament tissues were obtained. hPDLSCs were cultured using the tissue block method and identified by osteogenic differentiation potential and flow cytometry. Based on treatment conditions, the cells were divided into five groups (using abbreviations from key elements of the grouping): control group (C, control), lipopolysaccharide group (L, LPS), LPS + Nd:YAG laser group (N, Nd:YAG), LPS + Er:YAG laser group (E, Er:YAG), and LPS + semiconductor laser group (D, semiconductor). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alizarin red staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed to detect inflammatory factors, osteogenic ability, and NF-κB signaling pathway activity. Fluorescence intensity of P65 was quantified using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.0. The cultured cells were confirmed as periodontal stem cells. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The CCK-8 assay showed that on day 7, the optical density (OD) values of all three laser groups were higher than those of group L (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the supernatant were increased in group L (P < 0.05). After laser treatment, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in groups N, E, and D were lower than in group L (P < 0.05), with the lowest levels observed in group N. Expression of Runx-2 and OSX mRNA was higher in groups N, E, and D than in group L, with group N showing the highest expression of osteogenic genes. The fluorescence intensity of P65 in group L was significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.05), indicating increased nuclear translocation of P65. Among the laser-treated groups, group N showed the lowest nuclear P65 fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05). Low-energy lasers promote anti-inflammatory activity and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in LPS-induced inflammatory environments by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, with Nd:YAG lasers showing the strongest effect.
25. Knowledge, attitude, practice and policy support of college students toward electronic cigarette use: a nationwide multicentric study in Iran.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young people is rising globally, including in the Middle East. This increase is largely due to widespread misconceptions that e-cigarettes are harmless alternatives to traditional smoking, despite the known health risks associated with their use. However, there is limited data on e-cigarette consumption among young adults in Iran. To address this gap, we conducted a nationwide survey to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use, as well as the knowledge, attitudes, and factors influencing the use of these products among young adults. Study of Measurement of Knowledge and Examination of Support for tobacco control policies (SMOKES) is a nationwide multi-center cross-sectional survey, which was conducted from 2024 to 2025. A total of 2,246 university students aged 18-40 years from 15 provinces, encompassing a wide range of disciplines and ethnicities, participated in an online survey that collected data on sociodemographics, tobacco use, knowledge of e-cigarettes, attitudes toward them, and support for related policies. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize patterns of e-cigarette use and related misconceptions. Candidate explanatory variables were selected through a comprehensive literature review, including sociodemographic (age, sex, parental education), behavioral (concurrent tobacco use), and social (peer influence) factors. All variables showing association at p < .20 in bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model examining current e-cigarette use as the dependent variable, with final models retaining significant predictors (p < .05). Ever-use of e-cigarettes was reported by 28.2% of participants, while past-month use prevalence was 5.6%. Knowledge of e-cigarette health risks was poor and misconceptions were common (34.4% believing the vapor is “just water”; 24.7% considering that e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes;<40% recognizing cardiovascular or reproductive risks); on the other hand, the attitudes towards vaping was widely seen as socially acceptable (36.2% expressed e-cigarettes are more socially acceptable; 34.6% perceived that vaping is enjoyable). The ever-use of e-cigarette was significantly associated with several factors, including male sex (OR = 1.36), having divorced parents (OR = 2.37), part-time employment (OR = 1.42), concurrent use of cigarettes (OR = 6.76) or hookah (OR = 4.95), and the presence of peers or siblings who use tobacco products (OR = 1.93) (p < .05 for all). Students also reported weak enforcement of campus anti-e-cigarette policies and low access to cessation resources. The high prevalence of e-cigarette use among Iranian university students is compounded by significant knowledge gaps and permissive attitudes. This underscores an urgent need for multi-level interventions, including targeted educational campaigns, comprehensive smoke-free campus policies, and national regulations to curb access and marketing, to effectively counter this public health threat.
26. Frontline workers in India's tuberculosis (TB) elimination efforts: a street-level bureaucracy perspective.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
India’s fight against Tuberculosis (TB) has evolved from the National Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program (NTCP) in 1962 to the current National TB Elimination Program (NTEP), guided by the National Strategic Plan (2020-2025). Despite ambitious goals, TB incidence remains high at 199 cases per lakh, with only a 3% annual reduction, far from the 15% target. Systemic issues, especially in human resources, hamper effective policy implementation. Frontline workers (FWs), crucial to the program, face heavy workloads, inadequate upgradation of training, and limited support, yet their voices are rarely heard. This study uses Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) theory to explore FWs’ challenges under NTEP and offers insights to strengthen India’s TB elimination efforts. Twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with frontline workers (FWs) in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, a TB hotspot. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically coded using a deductive approach informed by Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) theory. Three key themes emerged: (1) TB program-specific contextual challenges, (2) human resource constraints, and (3) leadership support. Consistent with street-level bureaucracy theory, frontline workers, despite the formal constraints of their contractual employment, exercised practical discretion to manage high workloads, adverse working conditions, and limited resources.. Supervisory leadership style influenced worker attitudes, transformational leadership fostered motivation and greater engagement with program activities , whereas transactional leadership was linked to dissatisfaction and program alienation. Difficult working conditions coupled with resource deficits hinder effective program implementation. However, supervisory leadership significantly shapes FWs’ engagement with program objectives, highlighting its critical role in advancing TB elimination efforts. We recommend improving working conditions for TB health workers by addressing staff shortages, offering risk-based incentives such as paid leave, medical insurance, and nutritional support, and ensuring safer workplaces. Additionally, effective leadership training for District TB Officers, City TB Officers, and Medical Officers, along with recognition and capacity-building for frontline workers such as TB Health Visitors (TBHVs), is crucial.
27. Oncology nurses' knowledge, perceptions, and perceived barriers related to discussing physical activity with patients with cancer, including older adults.
期刊: BMC nursing 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cancer and its treatments accelerate frailty in older adults with cancer (OACA). Exercise is safe and beneficial during and after treatment, yet many, including older adults, do not meet current exercise guidelines. The primary objective of this study was to understand oncology clinic nurses’ knowledge and current practices regarding exercise discussion and promotion in patients with cancer, including in older patients. The secondary objectives were to: (1) explore barriers to initiating exercise discussion and promotion; and (2) explore the relationship between oncology nurses’ exercise behavior, and their knowledge about existing guidelines and exercise promotion practices. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted via REDCap between February and May 2023 involving nurses who practice in outpatient oncology clinics. The survey was developed based on the expert consensus of the study team and was distributed through professional networks. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used to analyze the collected data. Ninety-seven nurses participated. The majority were aged 41-50 years (38.1%) and 31-40 years (27.8%). Mean years of practice was 13.5 (0.5-45). Many nurses lacked formal training on exercise discussion with patients (57.8%), yet expressed interest in learning (91%). Most nurses (90%) agreed exercise benefits patients during treatment. The majority (75%) reported discussing or recommending exercise to patients with cancer, especially advising patients to stay active during and after treatment. Barriers to promoting exercise included limited clinic time (77.7%) and concerns about safety especially for OACA (72.2%). 37.6% of nurses reported engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic activity. 26.6% endorsed both being quite/very knowledgeable in discussing exercise guidelines with patients with cancer in general and 74.7% reported typically discussing exercise with patients with cancer in general. A statistically significant association was found between nurses’ exercise promotion behaviour and perceived knowledge about exercise promotion (p = .01). Many nurses agree that exercise promotion is important and consider it part of their scope of practice to discuss exercise with patients with cancer. Although perceived knowledge regarding specific recommendations is generally low, nurses express interest in enhancing their knowledge and participating in diverse educational opportunities. Institutions should prioritize nurse education to support efforts in exercise promotion. Not applicable.
28. Integrative analysis of serum lipids and chronic gastritis: causal insights from mendelian randomization and experimental models.
期刊: Lipids in health and disease 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lipid metabolism may be linked to chronic gastritis, but its causal role remains unclear. While current research emphasizes inflammation, mucosal changes, immune regulation, genetics, and the gut microbiota, the contribution of lipid metabolism is understudied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of serum lipids and the mechanistic roles of lipid-lowering drug targets in chronic gastritis. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from real world. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between serum lipid profiles and gastritis. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were performed to detect the causal relationship of serum lipids, plasma lipid species, and lipid-lowering drug targets. Experimental validation was conducted using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and chemically induced CAG rat models. Four thousand sixty one person, including 1,023 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 1,742 with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), and 1,296 as healthy population were included in the analysis. Through covariates adjustment, TC, ApoA1, and HDL-C showed to be associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis, whereas TG exhibited a protective effect. MR analysis confirmed a significant inverse causal relationship between TG and gastritis (OR = 0.889, 95% CI: 0.825-0.958). Ten plasma lipid species and lipid-lowering gene targets, including LPL and APOC3, were identified as causally associated with disease risk. Mediation analysis revealed six plasma lipid species as potential intermediaries linking genetic variation to gastritis. In vivo experiments demonstrated progressive hepatic steatosis and mild gastric mucosal changes in HFD-fed mice. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed a significant reduction in LPL and APOC3 expression in gastric tissue (P < 0.05). In the CAG rat model, histological analysis revealed hepatocyte disarray, edema, and gastric mucosal atrophy. Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and decreased levels of GAS-17 and PG I/II were also observed (P < 0.05). Western blot analyses further confirmed the downregulation of LPL and APOC3 expression in gastric tissue (P < 0.05). This study provides genetic and experimental evidence, supporting a causal role of lipid metabolism in chronic gastritis. LPL and APOC3 are implicated in its pathogenesis, highlighting potential lipid-targeted strategies for prevention and treatment.
29. Integrated strategies of support and home care by family caregivers for prevention of hospital readmissions among stroke survivors.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Investigation of integrated readmission preventative strategies employed by family caregivers reveals key needs of stroke survivors and their families, yet insufficient feedback limits the ability of healthcare providers to deliver customized and culturally sensitive support. The objective was to identify integrated strategies of Chinese family caregivers to prevent hospital readmissions among stroke survivors. Employing a qualitative descriptive study design and utilizing purposive sampling, this research involved ten adult family caregivers who had provided care to a stroke survivor in a community setting for at least six months. Participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital specializing in Chinese medicine that offers a wide range of services. Caregivers were asked questions in a face-to-face, semi-structured interview. The narrative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Among the caregivers, seven were female and three were male, with an average age of 55 years. They indicated integrated strategies that fell into six thematic categories reflecting congruence, as a sense of well-being, to reduce hospital readmissions, including: (1) promoting physical activity; (2) integrating pleasurable foods with a balanced diet; (3) monitoring internal and external threats to health and safety; (4) developing individualized motivational strategies; (5) providing emotional support and maintaining optimism; and (6) gaining knowledge from healthcare professionals and fellow caregivers. Health promotion initiatives might consider integrated strategies and emphasize culturally competent efforts identified in this study. Future longitudinal research on the long-term reduction of readmission risk for stroke survivors is demanded.
30. Investigation of the association between ergonomic conditions of nursing workstations and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: a case study in selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences.
期刊: BMC nursing 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) have been identified as the most common occupational health problem among nurses. Therefore, given the critical role of nurses in the healthcare system, this study investigates the importance of the ergonomic design of nursing workstations in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 2024, nursing workstations and nurses working in two selected hospitals in Iran were studied using a census method. This study involved 76 nurses across 32 workstations, and data related to the nurses and workstations were collected using a demographic/occupational characteristics checklist, the Ergonomic Screening and Prioritization Tool (ESPT), and the Nurse Station Ergonomic Assessment (NSEA) tool. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26. The mean ESPT risk scores were 23.45 for men, 18.77 for women, and 19.45 overall for the studied nurses, indicating a medium risk level. The mean total NSEA score was 45.09 for men, 43.21 for women, and 43.49 overall for nurses working at the nurse stations. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.434) (p-value < 0.05) was also observed between the ergonomic assessment score of the stations and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, indicating the positive impact of improving ergonomic conditions on reducing the risk of these disorders. Furthermore, the results showed that variables such as gender, weight, working hours, employment status, and workplace ergonomic conditions are all important determining factors in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. By focusing on the eight domains of the NSEA tool, targeted interventions can be designed and implemented in each section to gradually achieve ideal conditions. For example, measures such as using ergonomic and adjustable equipment tailored to nurses’ body dimensions and redesigning the layout of workstations can promote nurses’ health. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare administrators and policymakers prioritize the continuous assessment and optimization of ergonomic conditions in hospital occupational safety and health programs. Overall, these results further reveal the necessity for serious investment in optimizing the ergonomic standards of nursing workstations.
31. The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women diagnosed with infertility in China: a national cross-sectional study.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and infertility are significant global health and human rights concerns. Evidence has shown that infertile women face a higher risk of IPV, yet national-level data on its prevalence remain limited. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of IPV against infertile women in China and identify associated risk factors. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in China from October 2021 to August 2022, using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Infertile women were recruited from 30 reproductive centers across ten provinces. A self-administered questionnaire, including the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) and the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 (SEA-12), measured IPV in the past 12 months and over a lifetime. A structural equation model (SEM) explored risk factors for past-12-month IPV victimization. A total of 12,392 infertile women were included. The weighted 12-month prevalence of IPV was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.2%-34.9%) and lifetime prevalence was 44.2% (95% CI, 43.3%-45.1%). SEM identified female-factor infertility (standardized coefficient, 0.0473; P = .01) and ever-experienced infertility treatment failure (0.0774; P < .001) as direct drivers of 12-month IPV victimization. Other factors included the participant’s unstable employment (0.0442; P = .006), non-nuclear family structure (0.0479; P = .01), and current male partner’s adverse behaviours (0.5470; P < .001). Globally, this is the first national-level study to examine IPV against infertile women, revealing a high prevalence rate in China. The findings underscored the need for gender-transformative interventions and policy measures, including improving access to infertility care, integrating IPV screening in clinical practice, and funding evidence-based research. Such approaches can reduce IPV, promote reproductive health, and advance health equity.
32. Tracking cancer hospitalizations: seventeen-year sex-specific trends in nationally representative hospitalization data on malignant neoplasms in Thailand (2007-2023).
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundMalignant neoplasms remain a major public health concern in Thailand, as in several countries. There is limited research that has explored long-term sex-specific trends utilizing national hospital-based data. MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study examines 17 years of inpatient data obtained from publicly available sources from the Ministry of Public Health website, focusing on nine malignancy groups and 31 malignant neoplasm subtypes, classified by ICD-10 codes. The study aims to provide important insights into sex-specific patterns by presenting prevalence rates, illustrating trends, and differences between males and females over time.ResultsThe study revealed clear differentiation between sexes. Both males and females had the highest prevalence rates for ill-defined or secondary cancers (males:361.39; females: 379.33 per 100,000 population) by 2023. However, the subsequent ranking differed by sex. In males, the next most prevalent cancers over 100 per 100,000 population were gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including liver (141.20), colon (139.53), and rectosigmoid junction and related organ cancers (111.70). In contrast, for females, breast cancer (184.58) and colon cancer (119.30), respectively, ranked highest.ConclusionsThis 17-year study highlights sex differences in cancer hospitalizations in Thailand, with men more affected by gastrointestinal, lung, and blood cancers, and women by breast and reproductive malignancies. The findings support targeted health policies and cancer health promotion and prevention efforts.
33. Distinct body fat distribution and its association with metabolic syndrome in Tibetan population.
期刊: Lipids in health and disease 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
To characterize the specific pattern of body fat distribution and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Tibetan adults, an understudied population with distinct high-altitude adaptations, and to identify potential mediating biomarkers in serum lipoprotein profiles. A total of 1480 participants from the Tibetan cohort and the NHANES were included. Principal component analysis and Mantel tests were employed to identify Tibetan-specific body fat indicators. Linear models assessed associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mediation analyses evaluated the indirect effects of serum lipoproteins. Tibetans showed distinct trunk and total fat mass compared to other ethnic/racial groups. Trunk fat percentage was identified as a risk factor for MetS (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.27 ~ 1.91, p = 0.004). The triglycerides to total lipids ratio in low density lipoprotein 3 (L3TGP) and triglycerides to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TGHCR) exhibited significant mediating effect between trunk fat percentage and MetS (L3TGP:β = 1.7 × 10- 4g, 95% CI: 4 × 10- 5~3.6 × 10- 4, p<0.001;TGHCR: β = 1.8 × 10- 4g, 95% CI: 4 × 10- 5~4.6 × 10- 4, p<0.001). This study revealed novel evidence for distinct fat distribution in Tibetans, linked to elevated MetS risk. L3TGp and TGHCR were identified as key lipoprotein mediators, supporting the need for environmental- and ethnicity-specific indicators in metabolic risk assessment.
34. Exploring the relationship between smartphone use diversity and depressive symptoms among older adults.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
With the population aging and the popularization of intelligent technology, smartphones have emerged as a significant factor influencing the depressive symptoms of older adults through diversified functionalities, yet evidence remains limited. This study aims to determine the impact of the smartphone use diversity on depressive symptoms among older adults in China, and whether it varied by gender, residence, and education. This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We quantified smartphone use diversity via a composite index to measure smartphone usage capabilities among older adults. Multilevel logistic regression and propensity score matching were applied to analyze associations, with heterogeneity tests across gender, residence, and education. Additionally, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify distinct patterns of smartphone use and examine their associations with depressive symptoms. Higher smartphone use diversity was significantly associated with reduced depressive symptoms (OR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.376-0.646; P < 0.001) among older adults, even after adjusting for confounders. The protective effect was stronger in males (OR = 0.482, 95% CI: 0.333-0.697, P < 0.001), urban residents (OR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.308-0.656, P < 0.001), and those with higher education (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.314-0.760, P < 0.01). Latent class analysis further revealed two distinct usage patterns: “Limited Users” and “Multi-functional Users”. Compared with Limited Users, Multi-functional Users showed a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms in both years (OR = 0.51 in 2018; OR = 0.66 in 2020). Smartphone use diversity may mitigate depressive symptoms among older adults, particularly within specific subgroups. The identification of distinct usage patterns underscores the heterogeneity in digital engagement among older adults. These findings provide empirical support for technology-enabled mental health promotion interventions targeting older adults. Therefore, integrating digital literacy programs and diverse smartphone use initiatives into public health strategies aimed at enhancing mental well-being in aging populations is essential.
35. Associations of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent blood pressure: evidence from a 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study directly examined the effects of antenatal micronutrient supplementation on adolescent blood pressure (BP). This study involved adolescents from two rural counties in western China. Their mothers had previously participated in a cluster-randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation. All pregnant women were randomized to take a daily capsule of folic acid (FA) as control, folic acid plus iron (IFA), or multiple micronutrients (MMNs) until delivery. Adolescent BP was assessed using a validated electronic sphygmomanometer and converted into percentiles by population reference. We examined the effects of antenatal micronutrient supplementation on adolescent BP and BP percentiles using generalized estimation equations. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the associations between antenatal micronutrient supplementation and categorical BP outcomes, with relative risk reduction estimated. Among 4488 singleton births eligible for long-term follow-up, 1994 (44.4%) adolescents were followed, and among them, 59.2% were male, with a mean age of 11.73 (SD, 0.86) years old. After adjusting for a range of covariates, antenatal MMNs supplementation relative to FA alone was associated with a 1.13 (95% CI -2.09, -0.17) mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 2.59 (95% CI -5.01, -0.17) points lower SBP percentile. The similar benefits of MMNs were observed for categorized adolescent high BP (SBP and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ the 95th percentile for age, sex, and height). Compared with folic acid alone, antenatal MMNs supplementation was associated with lower adolescent SBP. This finding suggests that comprehensive antenatal nutritional interventions may offer a potential strategy for the primordial prevention of hypertension in offspring. ISRCTN08850194, retrospectively registered December 14, 2006. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN08850194?q=ISRCTN08850194&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10.
36. TREX1 enables viral entry in intestinal epithelia via immunity-independent control of endocytosis.
期刊: Cell reports 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The endocytic machinery is essential for viral entry and material absorption, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report an unexpected function of the host exonuclease three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) in promoting enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection independently of immune modulation. Our results reveal that TREX1 deficiency in intestinal cells does not activate innate immunity but impairs EV-A71 replication, primarily by blocking viral entry. Mechanistically, TREX1 silencing downregulates key endocytic factors, including WASF1, thereby inhibiting viral internalization. Disease-associated TREX1 mutations were found to disrupt this pro-endocytic function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TREX1-dependent endocytosis is critical for dextran uptake, highlighting its broader role in nutrient absorption. Subsequently, we employed a TREX1 inhibitor, TREX1-IN-1, which suppresses viral infection without eliciting innate immune responses. Our study uncovers an immunity-independent role for TREX1 in regulating endocytosis, provides insights into viral entry and intestinal nutrient uptake, and further establishes TREX1 as a druggable target for antiviral therapy.
37. A PheWAS Analysis of the Risks and Benefits of Growing Up on a Farm.
期刊: Journal of agromedicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Growing up on a farm presents a health paradox, with increased risks of injuries but some purported benefits. This study estimated differences in the burden of medical comorbidities between youth who live versus do not live on farms. No a priori hypotheses were tested. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) was used in a cohort of youth in north-central Wisconsin. Those who lived on farms were matched (1:3) to a non-farm comparison group. Outcomes included a comprehensive set of diagnoses (Phecodes) that occurred between 2017 and 2021. PheWAS analyses included logistic regression models of Phecode associations with farm residency. There were 36 Phecodes that significantly differentiated the two groups. Youth who lived on farms had significantly higher odds of agricultural injury, dermatophytosis, spinal neuritis, and strabismus compared to non-farm youth. Remaining Phecodes indicated protection in the farm group. Notably, relative to the non-farm group, farm youth had a 20%-30% lower odds of respiratory illnesses, as well as 30%-40% lower odds of mental health and neurological conditions. This was the first known study to utilize a PheWAS approach to comprehensively compare medical comorbidities in farm versus non-farm youth. Findings confirmed the known injury hazards in farm youth, but there appeared to be more health benefits of living on farms. Some of these apparent protections were novel, particularly those related to affective disorders, but require future confirmatory testing to understand how care seeking behaviors may also influence farm and non-farm households.
38. Genotype and chemotype insights of high-THC medicinal Cannabis sativa L.: the role of SSR markers in the identification of cultivars.
期刊: Journal of cannabis research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
39. Genotype-phenotype correlations in 9q34.3 microdeletion syndrome: a study of 35 Mainland Chinese patients.
期刊: Orphanet journal of rare diseases 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
40. Late-stage anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation in the United Kingdom: an online survey of National Health Service physiotherapists.
期刊: BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
41. Student perspectives on smoking and second-hand smoke in Qatar: a participatory photovoice study in a multicultural university context.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
42. Coagulation parameters reference interval for adult population of Debre Berhan town, Northeast Ethiopia.
期刊: Thrombosis journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Accurate coagulation parameter reference intervals are crucial for diagnosing bleeding disorders and thromboembolic diseases. However, reference intervals vary across populations due to genetic, environmental, and demographic factors. This study aimed to establish localized coagulation reference intervals for healthy adults of Debre Berhan, Northeast Ethiopia, addressing the current reliance on non-local values. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Berhan, Northeast Ethiopia, from October-December 2024. We recruited 240 healthy adults (120 of each gender) using convenience sampling. Participants were interviewed face-to-face using a pre-tested questionnaire on KoBoToolbox to collect demographic data. Aseptically drawn venous blood was analyzed for coagulation parameters using Sysmex CA-104 coagulation analyzer. Stata 17 was used for data analysis, with reference intervals determined by the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Gender differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05 significance). The established 95% coagulation reference intervals (2.5th -97.5th percentile) were: Prothrombin time (8.5-13.0 sec), international normalized ratio (0.7-1.1), and activated partial thromboplastin time (21.6-37.9 sec). Males exhibited significantly higher median PT (10.4 Vs. 9.8 sec, p = 0.0006) and INR (0.9 Vs. 0.84, p = 0.0006) values compared to females. This study’s findings strongly support the adoption of population-specific reference intervals to ensure accurate diagnoses and improve patient safety within the Debre Berhan adult population. The observed gender-related differences in Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio values further highlight the need for gender-specific reference intervals to improve clinical decision-making and prevent potential misinterpretations of coagulation test results.
43. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the German version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
44. A systematic review of fit improvement strategies for respirators: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The use of respirators and masks has increased dramatically during outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Both filtration efficiency and respirator fit testing influence the provision of effective respiratory protection to users. If healthcare workers (HCWs) do not have access to tight-fitting N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) or if fit testing procedures are not feasible, some cost‒benefit fit improvement strategies (FISs) could benefit HCW respiratory protection against respiratory infection pandemics. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the importance of fit testing and to identify the optimal factors influencing respirator or mask fit characteristics, particularly in emergency situations. We searched four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct from February 5, 2020, to December 7, 2024, covering the COVID-19 pandemic period. Finally, a gray literature search was conducted to ensure that no further studies were missed. Additionally, quality assessment of the included studies was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 39 full texts were included in the systematic review. Seven categories of FISs included fitters or braces, double masking with cloth or medical masks over FFRs, ear loop knotting and tucking or using ear guards (hooks, clips), adhesive tape, skin protectants/dressings, wearing goggles over FFRs, and using cloths over facial hair to improve fit. Each FIS has its own advantages and disadvantages. Overall, there was an improvement in fitting after the application of the FISs. Among all, mask frame, ear loop strap modification, medical tape, thin dressings, double masking, and goggles donning modification are considered as pleasant FISs during performing the occupational activity. Among all, the mask frame and medical tape outperformed the other FISs. It is crucial that all respirators modified with FISs undergo standard fit testing procedures to avoid a false sense of security and prevent exposure to hazardous respiratory substances. Both safety and ergonomic factors are of great importance when applying each FIS.
45. Health education interventions across Thailand, the Philippines, and Japan: a multisite comparison in varying socio-environmental and policy contexts.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
46. Using colorimetric wipes to characterize lead surface levels in lead-exposed construction workers' homes and vehicles.
期刊: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lead home investigations following the confirmation of a lead-poisoned child in the home require a lead-certified technician using an X-ray-fluorescence (XRF) portable analyzer, but XRFs are not always available. Colorimetric surface wipes that immediately change color on a gradient from yellow-to-red with lead could address this gap, but they have not been tested or utilized extensively in non-occupational settings. To understand the usability of colorimetric wipes in lead home investigations with different potential sources of lead. We collected 104 colorimetric wipes to assess lead levels on surfaces from nine homes and seven vehicles from lead-exposed construction workers living with children. Colorimetric wipe results (n = 81) were compared with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy laboratory analysis. Lead was detected on 46(58%) of home surface wipes, with highest percentage of red wipes from surfaces in kitchen, followed by entrance, living room, bedroom, and laundry room samples. For vehicle surface wipes, 17 (71%) detected lead, with the highest percent of red wipes in the trunk, followed by back and front seat areas. Wipe color readings were significantly and positively correlated with laboratory analysis (Kendall’s τ = 0.42). At the 18 μg/sample threshold (i.e., level at which the wipe is expected to turn pink/red), the method showed high specificity (87%), moderate accuracy (78%), high negative predictive value (87%), and low false positive rate (13%). Of the wipes above 10 µg/sample public-health lead guideline, 80% changed color, suggesting high sensitivity. The dissemination of colorimetric wipes for lead home investigations can reduce costs and improve the immediate screening of lead dust-contaminated surfaces in residential settings. Colorimetric wipes proved invaluable in identifying sources from lead take-home and lead-in-paint in the homes and vehicles of lead-exposed construction workers.
47. Genetic determinants of gene expression noise and its role in complex trait variation.
期刊: Cell reports 发表日期: 2025-Nov-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Even genetically identical cells in homogeneous environments exhibit heterogeneous mRNA abundance, typically called “gene expression noise,” which is involved in key cellular activities, evolutionary processes, and disease mechanisms. However, determinants of the gene expression noise and its functional role in variations of human complex traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we established an atlas of gene expression noise from 1.23 million human peripheral blood cells of 981 individuals, identifying its age- and gender-dependent pattern. We then identified 10,770 independent expression noise quantitative trait loci (enQTLs) for 6,743 unique enGenes across seven immune cell types. Most enQTLs were distinct from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and showed differential enrichment of functional elements across the genome. Colocalization of enQTLs with trait-associated genetic loci interpreted previously unexplained loci. Overall, this study unravels the genetic determinants of gene expression noise and implicates as a previously underappreciated mechanism underlying variation of human complex traits and diseases.
48. Electrochemical aptasensor based on Zr-MOF@Ag nanocomposite for the rapid detection of chloramphenicol in honey, milk and lake water.
期刊: Food chemistry 发表日期: 2025-Nov-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite global regulatory bans due to its hematotoxic effects, chloramphenicol (CAP) persists as an illicit veterinary antibiotic in food animals owing to its low cost and broad-spectrum efficacy. Current analytical methods to monitor CAP residues in animal-derived foods face critical limitations: instrumental analyses rely on expensive equipment and specialized operations, while immunoassays lack sufficient sensitivity for regulatory compliance. Here, we develop an ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor leveraging a zirconium MOF‑silver nanocomposite (Zr-MOF@Ag), which effectively enhances charge transfer and facilitates aptamer immobilization. Under optimized detection conditions, the electrochemical aptasensor yielded a wide linear range of 1-100 ng/mL (r2 = 0.990) with an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 9.94 pg/mL. Additionally, the sensor showed no cross-reactivity with other veterinary drugs, with RSD of 1.00-0.94 % for intra- and inter-batch repeatability, respectively. The recovery rates of spiked samples ranged from 95.1 to 108.4 %.
49. Cannabis Use and Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Cancer Survivors.
期刊: Cancer medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
To examine the association between adverse childhood events (ACEs) and cannabis use among adult cancer survivors in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study of cancer survivors ≥ 18 years old using 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. ACEs were categorized as 0, 1, 2-3, and ≥ 4. Weighted multivariable logistic regression estimated the odds of cannabis use by ACE category. Among 7896 cancer survivors, cannabis use prevalence was 6.0%. ACE distribution was 44.1% (0), 22.7% (1), 20.2% (2-3), and 13.0% (≥ 4). Cannabis use was more common among younger adults, Hispanics, never-married individuals, smokers, and those reporting fair/poor health. Compared to those with 0 ACEs, cancer survivors with 2-3 ACEs (aOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.57-4.27) and ≥ 4 ACEs (aOR: 4.10, 95% CI: 2.54-6.64) had significantly higher odds of cannabis use. Cancer survivors with a higher number of ACEs reported increased odds of cannabis use. These findings support further study of ACEs and substance use in cancer survivors and may inform trauma-informed survivorship care.
50. Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Mortality Among Older Migrants and Nonmigrants in Finland: A Population Register Study on All Deaths, 2002-2020.
期刊: Cancer medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study examined all-cause and cause-specific cancer mortality among older migrants and non-migrants in Finland and the role of socioeconomic status in mortality differences. We used the Finnish Causes of Death Register on all deaths (2002-2020) among individuals aged ≥ 70 (N = 718,717) and the corresponding population-at-risk data (N = 13,241,620 person years). Poisson regression was used with two sequential models adjusting for age at death, calendar year, and region of residence in Finland (M1), and personal annual disposable income (M2). We found an overall cancer mortality advantage for both migrant men (IRR in the full model 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.89) and migrant women (IRR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95) and lung cancer mortality advantage for migrant men (IRR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89) and women (IRR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.85). For migrant men, advantage was found in pancreatic cancer (IRR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-0.99), prostate cancer (IRR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.93), and leukaemia and lymphoma (IRR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.93), and for women in genital cancers (IRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). Notable variations were observed by region of origin and in certain cases, migrants’ lower income obscured the full extent of their cancer mortality advantage. A mortality disadvantage was observed in stomach cancer among men (IRR: 2.76, 95% CI: 2.08-3.65) and women (IRR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.79-3.00) born in the former USSR. Liver cancer mortality disadvantage was found for men from the Global South and East (IRR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.61), and this association was attenuated after adjustment for personal disposable income. In cancers of the urinary tract, men born in Sweden had elevated mortality (IRR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.14-3.81). Finings underscore the need for targeted cancer prevention and screening programmes that account for the diverse backgrounds, sex, socioeconomic status, and health risks of migrant populations, particularly those from higher-risk regions.
51. Evolving landscape of economic evaluations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation strategies: a systematic review.
期刊: Journal of the International AIDS Society 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Economic evaluations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and associated implementation strategies guide evidence-based policies, programmes and resource allocation. Since 2015, there has been an evolution in PrEP modalities, implementation strategies and prioritization of key populations with unmet HIV prevention needs, alongside the scale-up of other HIV prevention interventions. Our systematic review describes the evolving landscape of economic evaluations of PrEP to help identify evidence gaps relevant to the current HIV epidemic and response (PROSPERO: CRD42016038440). We searched five databases, without language restrictions, for peer-reviewed economic evaluations from inception to 21 August 2025. We describe the evolution of study characteristics over time, including the perspective of analysis, region, population, PrEP modality/implementation strategy and comparators. Of 5400 studies identified, 128 met inclusion criteria, of which 94 examined HIV epidemics in 2015 or later and 17 adopted a societal perspective. HIV epidemics studied primarily spanned countries in sub-Saharan Africa (N = 51) and in North America (N = 34). Modelled populations for receipt of PrEP primarily comprised: gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (N = 73), female sex workers (N = 26), serodifferent partnerships (N = 17) and persons who inject drugs (N = 12). Most evaluated oral, daily PrEP (N = 76), followed by long-acting injectable PrEP (N = 17), on-demand PrEP (N = 16) and others (e.g. vaginal ring, topical gel; N = 7). Twelve studies compared different PrEP modalities with each other. Five studies evaluated different implementation strategies to increase PrEP uptake, adherence and persistence. Of the 123 studies that compared PrEP to a combination of other HIV prevention interventions, only 31 scaled up at least part of the comparator over time. To support decision-making, future economic evaluations should consider costs and benefits beyond the health system (society) and consider comparators that better reflect the current HIV response across regions and populations. The increasing availability of novel PrEP modalities allows future studies to evaluate a mix of PrEP modalities and person-centred implementation strategies. The growing number of PrEP economic evaluations have not kept pace with emerging PrEP modalities or the current HIV epidemic/response, resulting in challenges in making evidence-based policies, programmes and resource allocation.
52. Prolonged Time From Symptoms to Diagnosis Is Associated With an Inferior Progression-Free Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
期刊: Cancer medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease, with often a high Ki-67 proliferation index. Prognosis is associated with lymphoma stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, and metabolic tumor volume. Thus, intuitively, time from symptom onset to diagnosis would be assumed to be essential for treatment outcome, but existing literature is conflicting. This prospective study evaluated diagnostic pathways and their impact on treatment outcomes in 160 patients with DLBCL. The mean time from symptom onset to treatment initiation (TST) was 146 days. Mean patient-associated delay from the onset of symptoms to the first healthcare contact was 54 days; mean time from symptoms to biopsy was 130 days; and from biopsy to treatment initiation was 19 days. Prolonged time from symptom onset to treatment (TST) > 3 months was associated with a higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, whereas prolonged time from biopsy to treatment initiation (TBT) > 2 weeks was associated with better performance status and a lower IPI score. Prolonged time from symptom onset to treatment initiation was not associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Prolonged time from symptom onset to diagnostic biopsy > 7 weeks implied inferior progression free survival in the whole study cohort (2 year PFS 89% vs. 74%, p = 0.012), as well as among patients with highly proliferating tumors with Ki67 > 70% (2 year PFS 93% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). Longer time from biopsy to treatment initiation (TBT) > 2 weeks implied better progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with low proliferating tumors (2 year progression-free survival (PFS) 25% vs. 87%, p = 0.032), respectively.
53. Three-field lymph node dissection subsequent to neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer.
期刊: Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus 发表日期: 2025-Nov-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, three-field lymph node dissection (3FLND) is not commonly performed after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) due to the high morbidity associated with the procedure and the poor long-term survival of patients with cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of patients who underwent 3FLND combined with nCRT. Between 2013 and 2021, patients who underwent esophagectomy and 3FLND after nCRT for advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, either with (n = 41) or without (n = 65) clinical cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, were included in this study. The Ivor Lewis and McKeown procedures were performed in 22 patients (20.8%) and 84 patients (79.2%), respectively. The rates of major complications (Grade ≥ IIIb) and 90-day mortality were 6.6% and 2.8%, respectively. A pathological complete response was observed in 26 patients (24.5%), whereas residual cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was identified in 30 patients (28.3%). The five-year overall survival rates for patients with and without preoperative cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis were 51.5% and 41.4%, respectively. Multivariable analysis of survival in patients with preoperative cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis identified residual cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.885, P < 0.001) and major complications (HR = 74.581, P = 0.001) as significant risk factors for overall survival. 3FLND combined with nCRT can achieve favorable long-term survival even in patients with esophageal cancer and cervical/supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. Downstaging of cervical lymph node metastasis is a key factor in improving survival outcomes for these patients.
54. The Effects of Light Therapy on Cognitive Function and Stress in Women With Breast Cancer Before Systemic Treatment.
期刊: Cancer medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), for example, impairments in reaction time, processing speed, memory and executive function, may be associated with breast cancer (BC) surgery which can disrupt biological and psychological stress markers. Evidence suggests that light therapy may ameliorate cognitive impairment and stress. In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of light therapy on mitigating the impact of BC surgery on CRCI in a national Icelandic cohort of women with BC. Participants were randomly allocated to receive circadian-effective blue light (BL, N = 60) or circadian-ineffective dim light (DL, N = 57) for 4 weeks after surgery. The primary outcome was overall cognitive performance (assessed via global composite score), and secondary outcomes were specific cognitive domains, cognitive complaints, psychological (depressive symptoms, overall cancer-related stress and its symptoms: hyperarousal, avoidance, and intrusive thoughts) and biological (cortisol and α-amylase) stress markers. Linear regression and path analyses within structural equation modeling frameworks were conducted, adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, age, education, subsequent cancer treatment, cancer stage, and treatment credibility. No group differences were found in overall cognitive performance or in specific cognitive domains, except for a non-significant trend for faster reaction times in the BL group (p < 0.11). Additionally, the BL group reported significantly fewer cognitive complaints compared with the DL group (p < 0.05), as well as a non-significant trend for less intrusive thoughts (p < 0.11). No group differences were observed in the biological stress markers. Overall, these findings suggest that light therapy may help mitigate the adverse effects associated with BC surgery on CRCI and intrusive thoughts, although further research is warranted. NCT04418856.
55. LNP-mediated in vivo base editing corrects Agxt to cure primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
期刊: Clinical and translational medicine 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by AGXT mutations, leading to hepatic oxalate overproduction, nephrolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of base editors delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for treating PH1. We utilized LNPs to deliver the base editor variant spG-ABE8e into a PH1 rat model. A single-dose injection of LNP-ABE was administered to assess its efficacy in correcting the pathogenic Agxt point mutation. Treatment with LNP-ABE achieved highly efficient correction of the Agxt mutation, which resulted in the normalization of urinary oxalate excretion, prevention of calcium oxalate deposits, and reversal of renal injury-associated gene expression profiles in PH1 rats. Furthermore, this study identified the minimum Agxt correction efficiency required for urinary oxalate normalization. Our findings demonstrate that LNP-mediated delivery of base editors can effectively correct AGXT pathogenic mutations and ameliorate disease phenotypes in PH1, providing critical preclinical benchmarks for future clinical translation. The base editor precisely corrected the Agxt gene with high efficiency in PH1 rats. LNP-delivered Adenine Base Editor (ABE) normalized urinary oxalate levels and prevented calculus formation. This study identified the minimal Agxt correction efficiency required for urinary oxalate normalization.
56. Association of neuroticism with incident dementia and cognitive function: 26-year follow-up of EPIC-Norfolk study.
期刊: Age and ageing 发表日期: 2025-Oct-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neuroticism is a stable personality trait associated with increased vulnerability to mental and physical disorders. This study examined whether neuroticism is associated with the risk of dementia, particularly across the adult life course and over long-term follow-up. We analysed data from 19,678 dementia-free participants (mean [standard deviation, SD] age, 60.8 [9.3] years) who had neuroticism assessed between 1996 and 2000. Incident dementia was identified via linked hospital inpatient, mental health and mortality records through 2022. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD increase in neuroticism. Secondary analyses examined interactions, mediation and associations with cognitive performance on eight tests. Over a median follow-up of 22.7 years, 2488 participants developed dementia. Neuroticism was associated with increased dementia risk in a dose-response manner (HR per 1-SD: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10-1.19). The association persisted even after ≥20 years of follow-up (1.09 [1.01-1.17]) and across baseline ages 41-60 (1.16 [1.04-1.30]), 60-70 (1.11 [1.04-1.18]) and 70-81 years (1.14 [1.07-1.22]). Associations were stronger among APOE ε4 carriers and heavy drinkers, and may be partly explained by depression, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Higher neuroticism was linked to poorer cognitive function, particularly episodic memory and to impairment across more cognitive domains. Neuroticism was associated with increased long-term dementia risk and poorer cognitive performance across mid- and later life, supporting its role in disease development rather than merely reflecting prodromal symptoms. Addressing vascular and mental health in high-neuroticism individuals may offer opportunities for dementia risk reduction.
57. Research Article: The Aromatase Gene rs10046 T>C Polymorphism Does Not Contribute to the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Critical reviews in oncogenesis 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed
摘要
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Increased exposure to oestrogens is one of the major risk factors for breast cancer. The synthesis of estrogens is mediated by the aromatase enzyme that encoded by CYP19A1 gene. Further, highest aromatase activities were documented in tumor-associated stroma tissues of breast. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 gene are known to modulate the estradiol and to the estradiol/testosterone ratio. The rs10046 T>C polymorphism in the 3’ untranslated region of CYP19A1 gene has been linked to the risk of breast cancer. The studies conducted till date are not consistent in reporting the association of rs10046 polymorphism with breast cancer. In the present study, we have conducted a meta-analysis of data available for CYP19A1 rs10046 T>C and breast cancer from 23 studies. The outcome of the present meta-analysis showed that there is no association between rs10046 polymorphism and breast cancer risk in all genetic models [C vs. T: odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, confidence interval (CI) = 0.88-1.23; CC vs. TC + TT: OR = 1.02, CI = 0.88-1.18; TC + CC vs. GG: OR = 0.97, CI = 0.80-1.17]. Further, ethnicity based subgroups also failed to show the association between breast cancer and rs10046. Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s tests did not reveal evidence for publication bias (Egger’s P value = 0.832). In summary, the rs10046 T>C polymorphism on CYP19A1 is not a major risk factor for breast cancer.
58. Predictors of permanent hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy: a retrospective analysis.
期刊: Annals of Saudi medicine 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) is a significant potential complication following thyroidectomy. Identifying predictors can aid in risk stratification, management, and potentially prevention. To determine clinical and biochemical predictors of permanent HPT in post-thyroidectomy patients. Single-center, retrospective cohort study. Tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1085 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2015 to 2022. Patients who developed postoperative HPT were categorized into transient and permanent HPT groups. Demographic, surgical, and biochemical variables were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of permanent HPT, using transient HPT as the reference. Identification of independent predictors associated with permanent HPT. 1085 patients, 264 with postoperative HPT. We had 264 patients (24.3%) who developed postoperative HPT: 207 (19.1%) had transient and 57 (5.2%) had permanent HPT. Independent predictors of permanent HPT included thyroid cancer (Odds ratio, OR 2.08, 95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.03-4.17), autoimmune thyroid disease (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.00-4.08), increased thyroid weight (OR 1.52 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 1.08-2.14), and longer hospital stay (≥7 days) (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.87-6.68). Preoperative vitamin D deficiency was identified as the only modifiable risk factor (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.17-4.32). A postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level ≤1.52 pmol/L within 24 hours was strongly associated with the risk of permanent HPT. Permanent HPT is significantly associated with preoperative vitamin D deficiency, thyroid malignancy, autoimmune thyroid disease, and greater thyroid weight. A postoperative PTH level ≤1.52 pmol/L is a reliable early biochemical predictor. Risk-based stratification may support individualized patient management and follow-up planning. This was a single-center, retrospective study, limiting generalizability, in addition to the heterogeneity in surgeon experience and the time of PTH measurements post-operatively.
59. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis and rubella infection among women of childbearing age in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia: a five-year, retrospective study.
期刊: Annals of Saudi medicine 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed
摘要
Toxoplasmosis, an opportunistic intracellular protozoan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), and rubella, caused by the rubella virus (RV) are the two most common TORCH infections. To evaluate seroprevalence of T. gondii and rubella infection among child bearing age women. Retrospective design. Multi-center study. The study included women of childbearing age living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, who sought medical check-up in one of the governmental public hospitals. Electronic health records of eligible patients were reviewed during the period January 2017 to December 2021 from three major health care institutions. Seroprevalence of T. gondii and rubella infection among women of childbearing age in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. 13 895 women were screened and 2117 women of childbearing age were eligible. Among the 2117 women, seropositive-antibodies-results for T. gondii were 148 (6.1%) for IgG antibodies anti-Toxo-IgG-antibodies, 16 (0.8%) for anti-Toxo-IgM-antibodies, and 14 (0.7%) for anti-Toxo-IgG and IgM-antibodies. Univariate analysis showed that the highest proportion of IgG+ women were recorded among 35-39 years of age followed by 25-29 years. The highest proportion of IgM+ was observed among 40-44 years old followed by 35-39 years. Among the women tested for rubella seroprevalence, 16 (0.8%) were IgM positive, 1346 (63.6%) were immune (IgG positive), and the remaining 755 (35.7%) were susceptible. Rubella immunity was moderately high (63.6%) but dropped significantly with increasing age. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in our study appears to be lower than the global average. Nevertheless, it highlights the need for targeted educational programs and public health initiatives with interventions to raise awareness in the community. Rubella immunity, while moderately high overall, showed a notable decline with increasing age, highlighting regular assessment of rubella vaccination programs in the country to ensure effective prevention and control of the disease. The study highlights the need for future research focusing on the epidemiologic trends of TORCH infections, given their broader implications on public health in Saudi Arabia. The seroprevalence results were based on a small sample size living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia and may not reflect other regions in the country.
60. Review Article: Immunotherapy for Pediatric Malignancies: Benefits and Beyond.
期刊: Critical reviews in oncogenesis 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed
摘要
Investigating factors for childhood malignancies is distinctly more difficult than doing so for adults, as childhood exposure to environmental stimuli, occupational hazards, and age-related geriatric risks is less prevalent. A synergistic approach involving surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy has been the “gold standard treatment” for combating childhood malignancies. Nevertheless, these strategies are associated with various side effects, with nonspecific cytotoxicity being the major setback observed in patients under therapy. For this reason, hardcore intense chemotherapy for pediatric malignancies has remained a “Pandora’s box” in cancer management. Understanding the mechanisms behind immune surveillance of tumors, immune escape mechanisms, and antitumor immune responses has enabled the development of novel methods and approaches in pediatric cancer therapy. This review will focus on the potential of immunotherapy in combating pediatric cancers, available strategies, and limitations of current approaches.