公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-11-30)
共收录 62 篇研究文章
1. A CSF Background Suppression Scheme in Arterial Spin Labeling MRI.
期刊: NMR in biomedicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. Current background suppression (BS) methods focus on suppressing tissue signal. The present work aims to test the hypothesis that BS schemes to suppress CSF signal can produce a greater benefit, given the recent observations that water in CSF has more pulsation as part of the neurofluid circulation. We developed a CSF BS scheme that maximally suppresses residual CSF signal using two inversion pulses. Its performance was compared with regular BS and enhanced BS, both of which primarily suppress gray and white matter signals. All schemes were evaluated in single-delay and multi-delay pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) MRI. The single-delay scans assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF), while the multi-delay scans measured both CBF and arterial transit time (ATT). Reproducibility was assessed using voxel-wise coefficient of variation (CoV) and spatial Spearman correlation coefficients (Rs). When using the CSF BS scheme, CSF signals were suppressed to less than 1% of the equilibrium magnetization, with gray and white matter signals around 5% in opposite magnetization signs. Complex control/label subtraction effectively accounted for magnetization signs and obtained the correct difference signal. In single-delay pCASL, CSF BS reduced visually apparent hyper- and hypo-intensity signals in CBF maps, which were present in the tissue-focused regular and enhanced BS schemes. These artifactual signal fluctuations were particularly pronounced in the brain-stem regions where CSF pulsation was the most severe, but also spread along the z-encoding direction. Quantitatively, CSF BS resulted in a lower voxel-wise CoV (8.8%) and higher Rs (0.89) in the CBF maps, compared with tissue-focused BS (CoV 18.8%, Rs 0.64). In multi-delay pCASL, CSF BS yielded a CoV of 5.9% and 11.3% for CBF and ATT maps, respectively, outperforming both enhanced and regular BS. These results demonstrate that CSF BS can reduce spurious signals and improve image quality in ASL perfusion MRI.
2. Building Your Best Day: Disseminating the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth via an Interactive Website.
期刊: Child: care, health and development 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (‘Guidelines’) were the world’s first public health guidelines to integrate recommendations for physical activity, screen time/sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Build Your Best Day! (BYBD) is an interactive website developed as part of the Guidelines’ knowledge translation strategy. Guided by Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the current study examined whether interacting with BYBD alters parents’ and youths’ perceptions of the Guidelines and increases their intentions for adoption. Eleven parents (Mage = 43 years, SD = 5; 45% male) and 17 youth (Mage = 12 years, SD = 1; 53% male) participated in a mixed-methods, semi-structured interview. Research followed a single session pre-post design, with participants interviewed before and after interacting with BYBD. Items focused on perceptions of the Guidelines generally and on BYBD specifically. A concurrent think-aloud method was utilized to explore the process of visiting BYBD. T-tests and Cohen’s effect sizes were used to examine pre-post changes and differences between parents and youth. Qualitative data were examined via content analysis. Both youth and parents identified the Guidelines as a beneficial public health resource. Despite favourable intention ratings (parents: M = 5.6/7, SD = 1.1; youth: M = 6.4/7, SD = 1.1), participants discussed that they would be unlikely to adhere to the Guidelines on a regular basis with the primary barrier to adoption being a perceived lack of time. Parents’ and youths’ Guidelines ratings showed favourable changes following BYBD. For instance, youth reported that BYBD improved their understanding of the Guidelines (pre: M = 5.5/7, SD = 1.1; post: M = 6.4/7, SD = 0.9, d = 0.91, p < 0.007). Likewise, parents reported a higher perceived advantage post-BYBD (M = 6.3/7, SD = 0.7) relative to pre-BYBD (M = 5.9/7, SD = 0.9; d = 0.45, p < 0.007). Parents were sceptical of BYBD’s effectiveness and attributed improved ratings to increased familiarity with the Guidelines rather than the website. Results suggest that the Guidelines are well-received by parents and youth and that BYBD may be an effective tool for improving youths’ understanding. Future research may benefit from examining strategies to increase individuals’ confidence in their ability to achieve the Guidelines.
3. Early Needs Assessment in Patients With Non-Specific Symptoms of Cancer: An Explorative Study.
期刊: Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The incidence of cancer is growing causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Despite knowledge about the level of disability in patients with cancer, recognition of the value of rehabilitation and recommendations as well as adoption of systematic needs assessments is lacking. The aim was to describe patients with non-specific symptoms of cancer following the adoption of systematic needs assessment among those diagnosed with cancer and to evaluate the perspectives of patients, physiotherapists and other health professionals on needs assessment. An explorative study including patients undergoing cancer diagnostics and health professionals in a cancer diagnostic clinic was conducted. Needs assessments among 39 patients with cancer, five individual patient interviews and a focus group interview with five health professionals were conducted between October 2021 and October 2022. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. In total, 39 of 55 patients completed needs assessment, and among these, 27 patients reported having various needs related to disability. Overall, patients and health professionals found early rehabilitation meaningful and the specific needs assessment form was also useful to provide information and guide conversations. Patients and health professionals also addressed barriers and suggestions for optimising efforts in future practice in relation to needs assessment for patients diagnosed with cancer. We characterised 55 patients diagnosed with cancer and identified their rehabilitation needs. Further, we documented that early systematic needs assessment conducted by physiotherapists and occupational therapists proved valuable and was generally well-received by both patients and health professionals. It underscores the significance of early rehabilitation with emphasis on daily life and identifies key areas where improvements can be made to better support rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with cancer.
4. Acute Postoperative Pain After Caesarean Section, Intensity and Management: A Cohort Multicentre Study.
期刊: European journal of pain (London, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) following caesarean delivery remains poorly studied despite being one of the most common surgeries and its potential devastating consequences on patients and their newborn babies. We conducted a prospective evaluation of data from a large multicentric cohort to calculate its prevalence, describe its characteristics, risk factors associated and measure its consequences on patients’ quality of life and daily functioning. A prospective multicentre observational study with women undergoing elective caesarean section. All participants were contacted at 3 months postoperatively to assess the presence or absence of persistent pain. Pain patients were assessed in person to collect data from a focused clinical interview, a targeted physical exam and a set of comprehensive quality of life and functional questionnaires. CPSP was diagnosed in 69 women (14.59%) of the 514 total participants. Most (94.20%) described their pain with somatic-like characteristics. 46.38% also screened positive for neuropathic features and 41.51% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for chronic pelvic pain. Preoperative SF-12 and catastrophic scale and worse postoperative pain at 24 h were related to a higher risk of developing CPSP. Patients with CPSP reported moderate interference in mood, general activity and occupational functioning being more severe in patients with neuropathic pain. The prevalence of persistent pain after caesarean delivery is noticeably high for such a common, simple and benign surgical procedure. A subset of patients develops mixed neuropathic pain and chronic pelvic pain syndromes. CPSP causes a significant negative impact on quality of life, particularly among patients with neuropathic symptoms. This manuscript presents the analysis of the results of a multicentre study regarding the prevalence of CPSP after a caesarean section. Moreover, we have also looked for clinical characteristics of CPSP and its effects on quality of life and daily functioning. The study we describe provides new insights about which the incidence, type, location of CPSP after a caesarean section and association with chronic pelvic pain. It also shows the impact that having CPSP has on these patients’ quality of life and activities of daily living.
5. "I don't grieve as much as I used to": A qualitative study on parents of children with rare and undiagnosed conditions navigating grief in the context of uncertainty.
期刊: Journal of genetic counseling 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this qualitative interview study was to explore the lived experiences of parents, experiencing high anxiety and poorer quality-of-life/family functioning, caring for a child with a rare and undiagnosed condition. Data analysis led to the generation of a substantial corpus of insights focusing on how parents cope with grief amidst the uncertainty surrounding their child’s condition. Whereas much is known about grief related to death in pediatric cancer patients, research focusing on grief in the area of rare and undiagnosed conditions is sparse. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 parents of children affected by a rare and undiagnosed condition undergoing whole genome sequencing (WGS) through the Genomic Medicine Service (GMS) in England and Wales. Participants were purposively sampled based on scores to validated psychological measures. We used reflexive thematic analysis, situated within an interpretivist and post-positivist research paradigm, to explore the data. The central organizing concept was named “Navigating Grief In The Context Of Uncertainty.” This overarching theme describes how these parents grieve the loss of the envisioned future they held while navigating an unpredictable reality shaped by their child’s undiagnosed condition. Our findings also highlight the “potential ongoingness” of grief, although it may change over time. Parents adapt through constructive reframing, seeking meaning and acceptance, and fostering resilience all of which we found to aid in coping. Understanding the grieving process, particularly the role of uncertainty, is essential for improving the clinical support provided to families affected by rare and undiagnosed conditions and for designing future psychological intervention strategies that address parents who grieve the loss of their anticipated family life.
6. One Size Doesn't Fit All: A Review of International Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation Algorithms.
期刊: Clinical transplantation 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Deceased donor kidney allocation algorithms seek to balance equity, need, and utility within regional healthcare constraints. Although many countries have formal systems, comparative analyses of their structure, context, and evolution remain scarce. We conducted a targeted review of 21 allocation algorithms across five continents, identified through literature searches, transplant organization websites, and policy documents. Core components analyzed included wait time, age, immunologic risk, medical urgency, and donor-recipient matching. Three case studies - the United States, Canada, and Eurotransplant - illustrate how governance and sociopolitical factors shape design and reform. All algorithms incorporated wait time and age, with variable definitions and weighting. Most addressed panel reactive antibody, pediatric priority, and medical urgency, but thresholds and implementation differed. Donor-recipient matching strategies included HLA mismatch scoring, ABO compatibility, and longevity matching via donor age, Kidney Donor Profile Index, or Expected Post-Transplant Survival. The US, Canadian, and Eurotransplant case studies highlighted contrasting centralized versus provincial governance and their influence on reform. Grounded in shared ethical principles, kidney allocation algorithms differ in how these are operationalized. This global comparison identifies opportunities to enhance transparency and equity, offering practical guidance for jurisdictions developing or refining allocation systems to align with ethical values and local realities. Kidney transplantation can save lives, but donated kidneys are in short supply. Most countries use formal systems – called allocation algorithms – to decide who should receive a kidney when one becomes available. We reviewed 21 different kidney allocation systems from around the world, using information from research papers, transplant organizations, and health policy documents. These systems vary in how they prioritize patients based on wait time, age, medical urgency, immune system compatibility, and other factors. We also looked closely at how kidney allocation works in the United States, Canada, and Eurotransplant which have very different healthcare structures. Our study found that while many countries aim to be fair and efficient, the specific rules and priorities differ based on local values, laws, and resources. By comparing these systems, we hope to help countries improve how they allocate kidneys so that more patients receive transplants in a way that is both fair and effective.
7. Effect of Health Model-Based Menopausal Self-Care Training on Quality of Life and Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
期刊: Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Menopause is a natural biological transition in a woman’s life, often accompanied by various physical and emotional challenges. Enhancing postmenopausal women’s health and quality of life requires empowerment, particularly through self-care strategies. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training programme based on Longwe’s Empowerment Framework and a Community-Based Participatory Research approach. A randomised controlled trial was conducted involving 140 postmenopausal Iranian women, with 70 women in each control and intervention group. The intervention group received a 6-week training programme, with weekly 120-min sessions, designed using Longwe’s framework in combination with the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Data were collected at three time points: baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention and 4 months post-intervention, using validated questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27, with significance set at p < 0.05. The training intervention significantly improved participants’ quality of life (η² = 0.23, p < 0.001) and overall health (η² = 0.12, p < 0.001), with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively. Notably, the programme had a large effect on menopausal self-care behaviours (η² = 0.42, p < 0.001) and a small but significant effect on internal health locus of control (η² = 0.05, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that a structured self-care training programme, based on empowerment theory and community engagement, can effectively enhance the health outcomes and quality of life of postmenopausal women. The findings indicate that integrating participatory and empowerment-based educational interventions into public health initiatives for midlife women is advantageous. This study employed a community-based participatory research approach, actively engaging postmenopausal women as collaborators throughout the intervention process. Participants were involved in the initial needs assessment, where they shared their self-care priorities and preferences. They also provided input on the structure, scheduling, and delivery format of the educational sessions. Furthermore, they collaborated to develop and participate in weekly group activities that promoted self-care behaviours. Ongoing feedback from participants was incorporated into refining of the intervention, improving its cultural relevance, feasibility and alignment with the lived experiences of the target population.
8. Feasibility and evaluation of a digital preventive physiotherapy protocol for workers: A randomized clinical trial.
期刊: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Preventive physiotherapy plays an essential role in health promotion, emphasizing educational strategies and interventions aimed at preventing musculoskeletal dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a preventive physiotherapy protocol mediated by a mobile application on the health of workers. The participants’ self-perceived health and thoracolumbar flexibility were assessed by comparing the results obtained before and after the intervention. We also sought to understand workers’ perceptions of the proposed protocol. This exploratory randomized controlled clinical trial combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. in which participants received audiovisual educational interventions on the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases and healthy habits via the WhatsApp app over a 12-week period. The sample consisted of workers from a higher education institution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, divided into a control group and an intervention group. The perception of the importance of preventive physiotherapy and thoracolumbar flexibility associated with each individual’s self-perceived health variables were analyzed. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of self-perceived health, perception of preventive practice and thoracolumbar flexibility. However, intra-group improvements were observed in some parameters, suggesting a positive effect of the intervention. There are preliminary indications that technology-mediated preventive physiotherapy may be a viable workplace strategy, with potential health benefits, although it requires further development.
9. Comparable regional hypertrophy of the knee extensor muscles in response to resistance training with machines versus free weights: a randomized within-subject approach.
期刊: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training (RT) with machines and free weights is widely debated in the literature. Understanding which form of exercise is superior for muscle hypertrophy has therapeutic and ergogenic repercussions. Therefore, we compared muscle hypertrophy response between RT performed with free weights (FW) vs. machines (MACH). Randomized within-subject design. Eight young, healthy, untrained women (age: 22 ± 5 years; 62.0 ± 8.7 kg; 1.71 ± 0.05 m; BMI: 21.4 ± 3.3 kg m2) had each of their legs submitted to RT with FW or MACH. RT included exercises targeting the knee extensor muscles (FW: lunge; MACH: inclined leg press), 3 days·week-1, for 9 weeks. Muscle hypertrophy was determined pre- and post-RT through ultrasound to assess MT of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) at their proximal (50 %) and distal (70 %) portions. The Mixed Model was conducted for data analysis, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. No between-group differences were identified for any of the muscles and portions before RT (all comparisons, p > 0.05). MT increases were detected for both FW and MACH in RF50 % (respectively, +10.7 %, p = 0.027; and +8.9 %, p = 0.051), RF70 % (respectively, +24.8 %, p = 0.019; and +27.3 %, p = 0.017), VL50 % (respectively, +13.3 %, p = 0.011; and +12.1 %, p = 0.031) and VL70 % (respectively, +12.7 %, p = 0.046; and +15.7 %, p = 0.016), indicating that RT-induced muscle hypertrophy occurred across all muscles and portions. However, Group × Time interaction was not identified for RF50 % (p = 0.816), RF70 % (p = 0.588), VL50 % (p = 0.679) or VL70 % (p = 0.635) MT values. FW and MACH were comparably effective to induce muscle hypertrophy in previously untrained women.
10. Second Primary Lung Cancer Associated With Family History of Lung Cancer.
期刊: Cancer medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Familial clustering of initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) may be related to shared smoking habits, other environmental exposures and hereditary factors, but whether familial risk also influences the risk of second primary LC (SPLC) is not well known. We aimed to carry out a family study between first-degree relatives on SPLCs in Sweden. Population data on Swedish family relationships and the diagnosed cancers were obtained from the national registers from 1961 to 2021. IPLC was diagnosed in 54,429 patients of whom 534 were diagnosed with SPLC. Familial risk was assessed through the standardized incidence ratio (SIR with 95% confidence interval) adjusted for several potential confounders, including sex, age, calendar period, educational level and geographic region. Familial risks were analyzed by type of proband, histology and sex. In addition, we estimated the effect of family history on the cumulative proportion of patients developing SPLC by sex and histology. The estimated SIR for SPLC was 3.98 in patients without family history and 5.24 among those with a history of lung cancer in first-degree relatives. The SIR values depended on the histology of IPLC and of SPLC, with the highest SIRs for concordant histologies. For the adenocarcinoma-adenocarcinoma sequence, SIR estimates were 5.60 and 7.51 for non-familial and familial patients, respectively. The familial risks were further modulated by sex and type of affected relative, with the highest SIR for females with affected mothers (9.14). The results showed a positive association of family history of LC with risk of SPLC on top of high risk for SPLC in non-familial patients. The risks differed by sex, histology and type of affected relative. The data on family history of LC should alert about surveillance for SPLC and may be used in future risk stratification when eligibility for population screening is considered.
11. Pathways from adolescent pregnancy to precarious employment: Distinguishing the effects of abortion, miscarriage, and live birth.
期刊: Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
While adolescent pregnancy is widely recognized as a marker of early-life disadvantage, less is known about its long-term occupational consequences. This study examines the relationship between adolescent pregnancy experiences and precarious employment in adulthood, distinguishing between three pregnancy outcomes: abortion, miscarriage, and live birth. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimate school-fixed effects regression models to assess whether adolescent pregnancy is associated with greater labor market precarity. To examine underlying mechanisms, we employ multivariate bootstrap mediation analysis to test the mediating roles of educational attainment, incarceration history, and depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that all pregnancy outcomes are linked to increased risk of precarious employment, with educational attainment emerging as a consistent mediator across all outcomes-accounting for 28.2% of the total effect for live birth, 15.4% for miscarriage, and 14.1% for abortion. Incarceration significantly mediates the association for live birth (16.8%) and miscarriage (17.0%), but not abortion. Depressive symptoms have a relatively smaller overall impact, mediating 13.7% of the effect for abortion only. These results underscore the importance of disaggregating adolescent pregnancy experiences and identifying key mechanisms to better understand how early reproductive events shape labor market inequality across the life course. Findings point to the need for targeted, outcome-specific interventions that support continued education, reduce criminal justice exposure, and address mental health to mitigate long-term employment precarity among adolescent pregnancy survivors.
12. The effects of tele-yoga on symptom management and patient perceptions in fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
期刊: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tele-yoga is regarded as a promising approach for managing fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); however, substantial gaps still exist in the literature. This study aims to investigate the effects of a telerehabilitation-based yoga therapy program on pain, central sensitization, disease activity, fear-avoidance, sleep, and fatigue, as well as to explore patients’ perceptions of the intervention among individuals with FMS. Thirty-one patients with FMS were randomized into the tele-yoga training group or the control group (CG). The tele-yoga training was performed on Zoom software for 4 weeks, with one session per week, 60 min per day. No intervention was made in the control group. Tender points, Central Sensitization Inventory Short-Form (CSI-SF), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were evaluated. Additionally, in the tele-yoga training group, patients completed the Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ) after treatment only. Post-treatment, the tele-yoga training group showed significantly greater improvements than the CG in tender points, CSI-SF, NRS, and PSQI (p < 0.05). The tele-yoga group demonstrated treatment effects ranging from medium to large on the CSI-SF, FIQ, FABQ-work, and PSQI outcomes, with Cohen’s d values between 0.55 and 1.04. A comparison of training satisfaction levels revealed significantly higher satisfaction in the tele-yoga group compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The absence of adverse events supports the safety and practicality of tele-yoga, emphasizing its potential as an effective and accessible intervention for managing FMS symptoms and enhancing patient outcomes.
13. Fear of movement is associated with biomechanical variables in women with patellofemoral pain.
期刊: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Understanding whether biopsychosocial and biomechanical factors are related in patellofemoral pain (PFP) could help to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. To investigate whether fear of movement is associated with hip and knee muscle strength; trunk and lower limb frontal kinematics; plantar pressure, and stabilometric measures in women with and without PFP. PFP (n = 18) and asymptomatic (n = 18) women answered the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; underwent strength tests of knee extensors, hip abductors, and hip extensors; and performed the single-leg squat test to determine trunk, pelvis, and knee frontal angles, and baropodometric measurements. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). In the PFP group, fear of movement correlated with knee extensor (r = -0.529, p = 0.024) and hip abductor torque (r = -0.534, p = 0.023); ipsilateral trunk inclination (r = 0.505, p = 0.033); amplitude (r = 0.545, p = 0.019), velocity (r = 0.713, p = 0.001), and standard deviation of anteroposterior oscillation (r = 0.714, p = 0.001), standard deviation of mediolateral oscillation (r = 0.579, p = 0.012), and total displacement of the center of pressure (CoP) (r = 0.637, p = 0.004). It was predicted (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.82) by ipsilateral trunk inclination (B = 0.40, p = 0.040); amplitude of anteroposterior oscillation (B = -0.13, p = 0.013), and standard deviation of anteroposterior (B = 0.78, p = 0.001) and mediolateral CoP oscillation (B = 1.33, p = 0.001). In the control group, there was no significant correlation. Fear of movement is related to decreased knee extensor and hip abductor strength, increased ipsilateral trunk inclination, and postural instability in women with PFP.
14. Understanding the potential of probiotics in oral cancer prevention: a short review on microbial modulation.
期刊: Discover oncology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a pressing public health challenge, with stagnant survival rates and limited progress in preventive strategies. In addition to classical risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, recent evidence highlights the role of microbial dysbiosis, particularly the overrepresentation of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, in promoting tumor initiation and progression through inflammation, epithelial transformation, and immune escape. This narrative review aims to summarize and discuss the current evidence linking the oral microbiota to the development of OSCC, with a particular focus on the potential role of probiotics as modulators of microbial balance, inflammation, and epithelial homeostasis. Probiotics have emerged as potential modulators of these carcinogenic processes. Emerging data indicate that specific probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, show antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects in preclinical models. These include the inhibition of oncogenic bacteria, restoration of microbial equilibrium, downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. Engineered probiotics producing guided antimicrobial peptides (gAMPs), synthetic molecules specifically designed to target tumor-promoting microbes, further exemplify the potential of precision microbial modulation. However, most available evidence derives from experimental or small-scale human studies, with limited data directly addressing oral cancer prevention. Probiotics represent a promising, biologically plausible approach to modulating the oral microenvironment in ways that may reduce carcinogenic risk. While preliminary evidence supports their mechanistic and translational potential, robust clinical trials are needed to validate their safety and efficacy as adjuncts in oral cancer prevention.
15. Radiographic assessment of segmental correction and subsidence following posterior lumbar fusion with expandable interbody cages: a 12-month retrospective cohort study.
期刊: Neurosurgical review 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Expandable interbody cages have gained popularity in posterior lumbar fusion due to their ability to restore disc height and segmental alignment with minimal surgical exposure. However, concerns remain regarding their long-term durability, particularly the risk of implant subsidence. This study evaluates radiographic outcomes and subsidence rates over a 12-month period following posterior lumbar fusion with a novel expandable cage. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 40 consecutive adult patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion using a posteriorly placed expandable cage (Calibrate PSX) at a single academic institution. Radiographic parameters-including anterior disc height, posterior disc height, segmental lordosis, and global lumbar lordosis (L1-S1)-were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months. Subsidence was graded according to the classification proposed by Levy et al. (2024). Generalized estimating equations were used for longitudinal analysis, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Among 44 implanted levels, 16 levels (36.4%) demonstrated subsidence at 3 months, increasing to 20 (45.5%) by 12 months. No surgical revisions were required at 12 months. Anterior disc height increased significantly in the immediate postoperative period (+ 8.6 mm, p < 0.0001) but declined over time, with greater loss in the subsidence group (-7.1 mm vs. - 1.9 mm, p = 0.013). Posterior disc height followed a similar trend. However, segmental and global lumbar lordosis remained stable, with no significant differences between subsidence and non-subsidence groups. Minor intraoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (13.6%) and resolved without sequelae. Expandable interbody cages provide substantial immediate postoperative improvements in disc height and alignment. While subsidence can occur over time, segmental and global lordosis are generally maintained. The overall subsidence rate was modest and not associated with adverse clinical outcomes. These findings support the cautious use of expandable cages in posterior lumbar fusion, with attention to patient selection, surgical technique and implant selection to mitigate the risk of subsidence.
16. NMR based human gut metabolomic profiling reveals altered metabolites associated with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
期刊: Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases. The pathophysiology of the two manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is still not fully understood. Understanding the metabolic profile of both disease manifestations in patients is important for developing therapeutic approaches and molecular diagnosis. The current study aimed to elucidate differences in the gut metabolic profile of PTB and EPTB patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). We used an untargeted approach through 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to perform metabolomic profiling of stool samples from 77 TB patients [pulmonary TB (PTB, n = 33), cervical lymph node TB (CrLNTB, n = 30), abdominal TB (ATB, n = 14)], and 30 HCs. Multivariate and univariate analyses were performed to identify the differential gut metabolites associated with TB patients. PTB patients showed greater metabolic perturbation than either EPTB group, with 24 metabolites significantly altered compared to 13 in ATB and 12 in CrLNTB, relative to HCs (adjusted p < 0.05). Each TB subtype displayed distinct metabolic profiles, yet several metabolites were commonly altered across all TB groups, including valine, N-formyl-L-methionine, choline, dimethylsulfone, tryptophan, valerate, N-acetylglutamate, creatine, and malonate. In the combined TB cohort versus controls, the most discriminatory metabolites were valine and N-formyl-L-methionine (AUC ≥ 0.80). Overall, these findings offer insights into the gut metabolome of TB patients in India and characterize for the first time metabolic perturbations in EPTB patients. The study highlights the metabolic disruptions associated with PTB and EPTB patients.
17. Early post-operative MR appearance of the acetabular labrum after arthroscopic repair.
期刊: La Radiologia medica 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Describe the early non-arthrographic MRI appearance of the acetabular labrum after arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement and labrum repair. Eleven subjects (12 hips, 8 hips of females; mean age: 25.8 years, SD: 3.0) with a pre-operative MRI demonstrating a labrum tear and symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement were prospectively enrolled. Non-arthrographic images were obtained on a 3 T MRI scanner < 4 weeks after arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement. Imaging features of the labrum, capsule, and cartilage were systematically assessed by two independent fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists. Disagreements were resolved through consensus mediated by a musculoskeletal radiologist with 20 + years of experience and expertise in hip imaging. The appearance of a persistent labral tear and increased intrasubstance signal was observed in all hips. The labrum appeared shortened in 92% (11/12). The geographic distribution of abnormal labral signal corresponded to the same number of labrum quadrants treated surgically in 67% (8/12). There was an even distribution of hips showing abnormal signal across a smaller and larger portion of the labrum than was treated arthroscopically, seen in 17% (2/12), respectively. The appearance of a capsular defect was observed in 92% (11/12). In the first 4 weeks after arthroscopic labrum repair surgery for femoroacetabular impingement, it is common for the labrum to appear shortened with a persistent appearance of a labrum tear and increased signal in the repaired segment. The capsule often appears discontinuous, even when capsular closure is performed.
18. Structural and vascular features of the retina and choroid with retinitis pigmentosa imaged using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.
期刊: International ophthalmology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Information from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) on the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is limited to the posterior pole; however, pathological changes begin at the peripheral pole. Therefore, we imaged eyes diagnosed with RP using ultra-widefield swept-source (UWF SS)-OCTA. We retrospectively analyzed patients with RP and age-matched controls who underwent fovea-centered UWF SS-OCTA imaging. We examined 63 RP eyes and 40 healthy eyes. RP eyes had thinner outer retinal and choroidal thicknesses (p ≤ 0.01), greater inner retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (p < 0.01), decreased superficial capillary plexus (SCP) area throughout the retina, and larger foveal avascular zone area (p < 0.01) than healthy eyes. SCP microvessel density, deep capillary plexus, and choroidal capillary plexus were markedly decreased in RP eyes (p < 0.01). SCP area and density were positively correlated at a diameter of 6 mm and SCP vessel density and inner retinal thickness were strongly negatively correlated at a diameter of 3 mm (p = 0.01). Further, outer retinal thickness was significantly correlated with choroidal thickness (p < 0.05). UWF-SS-OCTA, enabling the visualization of the peripheral fundus area, is useful in quantifying structural and vascular parameters of the central and peripheral retinal and choroidal layers in RP eyes, and can aid in elucidating the pathophysiology and monitoring disease progression.
19. Role of 18FDG PET-CT & MRI for Predicting Response to Neo-Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer.
期刊: Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer. Accurate response assessment is essential, particularly to identify complete responders eligible for organ-preserving strategies. While MRI is widely used, 18 F-FDG PET-CT has been proposed as a complementary modality. This study compared MRI-based Tumor Regression Grade (mrTRG) and PET-CT parameters in predicting pathological response. A retrospective analysis was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, from January 2013 to May 2024. A total of 268 patients underwent MRI and PET-CT before and after NACRT, followed by surgery. Response was categorized using mrTRG and pathological TRG (pTRG). PET-CT response was assessed by changes in SUVmax. Diagnostic accuracy of mrTRG and PET-CT was evaluated using statistical tests, kappa agreement, and ROC curves. Of 268 patients, 27.2% were classified as good responders (mrTRG 1-2), whereas 46.2% had good pathological response (pTRG 0-1). The correlation between mrTRG and pTRG was weak (kappa = 0.215). PET-CT showed a mean SUVmax reduction of 58.2%, with greater decline in responders. However, ROC analysis demonstrated poor discriminative ability (AUC = 0.502), indicating no advantage over MRI. Combining MRI and PET-CT imaging slightly improved accuracy in matching pathological grading (κ = 0.36). MRI remains the preferred modality for post-NACRT response assessment in rectal cancer, showing moderate predictive accuracy. PET-CT, despite reflecting metabolic changes, is not reliable in distinguishing complete responders. A combined multimodal approach may improve evaluation and support individualized treatment planning.
20. Effects of dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract on inflammatory and oxidative status, liver function and milk yield in dairy cattle during the transition period.
期刊: Veterinary research communications 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Immune function and oxidative stress are crucial during the transition period (TP) in dairy cattle, influencing their metabolic adaptation to the new lactation. The supplementation with Macleaya cordata, an herb known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, may influence these processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on inflammatory and oxidative status and liver function during the TP, as well as on subsequent early lactation. On day 24 (± 3) before the expected calving date, sixty-four cows were randomly assigned to two groups: the MCE group (MCEG), which received a controlled-release oral bolus delivering 1.5 g of MCE daily for 70 days, and the control group (CG), in which bolus placement was simulated using a balling gun. Blood samples were collected at three time points: 24 days before calving, 7 and 21 days postpartum. Biomarkers of oxidative status, inflammation, energy balance and liver function were measured in plasma samples. A significant interaction effect (supplementation × time) was observed for milk yield (P < 0.05), with higher values in MCEG (51.3 ± 1.1 kg/day) than in CG (46.5 ± 1.1 kg/day) on days 25 postpartum. No significant differences were observed in body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. However, an interaction effect was observed for glucose concentrations (P < 0.05), with higher values in the MCEG on day 7 postpartum. Liver function biomarkers showed no significant differences between groups. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine and serum interleukin-1 concentrations were lower in the MCEG (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that MCE supplementation may enhance milk production, potentially associated, among other mechanisms, with improvements in inflammatory and oxidative status in dairy cows.
21. Screening and In Vivo Validation of Key Genes Involved in Myelin Damage in Alzheimer's Disease.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Myelin sheath damage exacerbates cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study identified 11 key genes related to myelin sheath damage between AD and control samples based on the GSE118553 dataset, and their expression was verified in the AD mouse model. Furthermore, the damage to myelin and synapses as well as the expression of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway proteins were observed by transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology techniques. The results confirmed that the expression of 8 out of 11 key genes was downregulated in mice with AD, which showed amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, myelin and synaptic damage, and an abnormal expression of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling and glucose transporter1/3 (GLUT1/3). This study provides a basis for the in-depth exploration of the gene regulatory mechanisms of myelin sheath injury in AD.
22. Simultaneous determination and occurrence assessment of 55 mycotoxins in tea and spices using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.
期刊: Mycotoxin research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Multi-mycotoxin occurrence was investigated in samples of teas and spices marketed in Bangkok, Thailand, to protect consumer health. To date, the investigation of mycotoxins in teas and spices has become an important issue worldwide. Therefore, 120 tea samples consisting of 40 samples each of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea, and 300 samples consisting of 30 samples each of black pepper, white pepper, cardamom, coriander seed, cinnamon, cumin, chili powder, nutmeg, star anise, and turmeric powder, were sampled from markets in Bangkok, Thailand. The samples were extracted using a QuEChERS-like (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) approach and the targeted 55 mycotoxins in the tea and spice samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The results identified various levels of positive mycotoxin contamination in the tea and spice samples, with a variety of mycotoxins identified. The incidence levels of the mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of tea and spice samples, excluding the black tea samples. Mycotoxins were detectable in all the collected black pepper and cinnamon samples. Beauvericin, an emerging mycotoxin, was the most common in the contaminated spice samples tested. There were co-contamination of two to five mycotoxins in spices, but not found in tea samples. The current results suggested that key and emerging mycotoxins should be identified. However, the mycotoxins in tea and spices commercialized in Thailand have somewhat low incidence levels, although some positive samples were greater than the regulatory limits set by the European Union or Thailand. Further studies are needed with larger sample sizes to confirm these as acceptable levels.
23. First report of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats from Northeastern Brazil.
期刊: Veterinary research communications 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite implicated in intestinal infections in domestic cats, frequently associated with chronic diarrhea. Although reported on nearly all continents, its occurrence in Brazil is rare and has been restricted to the Southeast region so far. This study reports, for the first time, T. foetus infection in two Maine Coon cats originating from the Northeastern region of the country. Both animals exhibited persistent diarrhea unresponsive to initial therapeutic interventions and underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fecal analysis performed on samples obtained by colonic lavage revealed motile trophozoites exhibiting morphological features consistent with T. foetus. Molecular confirmation was achieved through PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing, with sequences deposited under accession numbers PV857727 and PV857728. BLAST analysis demonstrated 100% nucleotide identity with reference sequences available in GenBank. Following diagnosis, both cats received appropriate treatment with Tinidazole (Drogavet, Brazil) at a dose of 30 mg/kg, administered every 24 h for 14 days, resulting in complete clinical remission and subsequent negative fecal examinations. These findings expand current knowledge on the geographical distribution of feline trichomonosis in Brazil, highlight the diagnostic challenges of T. foetus infection, and reinforce the importance of including this protozoan in the differential diagnosis of feline enteropathies.
24. Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.
期刊: Current allergy and asthma reports 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a novel allergic disease characterized by hypersensitivity responses following exposure to the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal or α-Gal) attached to mammalian proteins and fats in food, supplements, and medications. Bites from hard-bodied ticks, including Amblyomma americanum (Aa or lone star tick) in the United States, have been identified as drivers of allergic sensitization to alpha-gal. Here, we review clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, and current understanding of the mechanistic drivers of AGS, with particular focus on the roles of allergic effector cells - mast cells (MCs) and basophils. We explore unique clinical characteristics of AGS through the lens of alpha-gal-specific IgE and MC activation in AGS. We propose potential explanations for delayed symptom onset, inconsistent symptom development, and persistence of allergic symptoms in some AGS patients despite removing all mammal products from the diet. Current evidence implicate bites from hard-bodied ticks as the primary sensitizing agent in AGS. However, there is emerging evidence that other ecto- and endoparasites may also induce alpha-gal-specific IgE. Multiparameter flow and mass cytometry and RNA sequencing have demonstrated an enrichment of unique populations of T, B, invariant natural killer T (iNKT), natural killer B (NKB) and MC progenitor cells in human volunteers with AGS. Recently developed mouse models of AGS will support future studies to identify which cells are critical for the development of AGS. In vitro models of the allergic effector phase of AGS using human sera and novel human alpha-gal-specific IgE monoclonal antibodies in humanized rat allergic effector cell lines, human basophils, human MC lines, and primary human MC cultures, confirm alpha-gal-induced allergic effector cell activation. They also provide a system to study potential alpha-gal-antigen-independent drivers of MC activation in AGS. Efforts are ongoing to understand the epidemiology and immune mechanisms of AGS. Novel reagents (e.g. alpha-gal-specific monoclonal antibodies) and murine AGS models will facilitate deeper investigation of tick-driven, alpha-gal-specific IgE and allergic effector cell-induced pathology in AGS.
25. Late-onset unexplained epilepsy as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia: Protocol for a multi-center prospective longitudinal observational study (ELUCID).
期刊: Epilepsia open 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Late-onset unexplained epilepsy (LoUE), defined as epilepsy onset after age 55 without an obvious cause, is an important risk factor for dementia. Studies have shown that 10%-25% of individuals with LoUE develop dementia within 3-4 years following their first seizure. However, the mechanisms underlying progression from LoUE to dementia remain poorly understood. The goals of the ELUCID study are to identify risk factors associated with the development of cognitive decline and dementia in LoUE and to develop tools to identify patients at a high risk for these outcomes and thereby establish a foundation for dementia prevention strategies in this population. ELUCID is a multi-center prospective longitudinal observational study that will enroll 600 participants aged 55 or older with LoUE across seven U.S. medical centers. Participants will undergo a baseline evaluation that includes a detailed clinical history, cognitive testing, brain MRI, overnight scalp EEG, and blood biomarkers. Participants will be followed at 6-month intervals for up to 5 years, to record cognitive and neurological changes, with the primary outcomes of interest being the development of mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia. This study aims to establish LoUE disease subtypes based on biomarkers, cognitive trajectories, and imaging features and to develop a risk stratification tool for predicting cognitive decline and dementia in patients presenting with LoUE. ELUCID has obtained IRB approval (no. 2023P001566, August 2023), with the Mass General Brigham IRB serving as the single IRB of record. All de-identified study data will be made publicly available on completion of the study. The ELUCID study is a research project involving several medical centers across the U.S. It will focus on older adults who have recently developed seizures without a clear cause. Participants undergo an initial evaluation that includes questions about their medical history, a brain MRI, an overnight scalp EEG (brain wave study), and a blood draw. They will be followed over time with health questionnaires and yearly tests of memory and thinking. The purpose of the study is to learn what factors increase the risk of dementia in this population and to develop tools to predict which individuals are at the highest risk.
26. Multidimensional sleep health and psychological distress: associations in a Community-Dwelling population.
期刊: Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate the association between multidimensional sleep health (MDSH) and psychological distress in Japanese community residents. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 among residents of Kyoto City aged 40 years or older. MDSH was assessed using the RU_SATED, which evaluates six dimensions of sleep health-regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration-and generates a total score. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler 6 (K6) scale and a single-item question about perceived stress. Associations between sleep health and psychological distress were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Data from 661 respondents (57.9% female; mean age: 64.9 years; 68.4% urban residents) were analyzed. The prevalence of K6-5 distress, K6-13 distress, and perceived stress was 28.9%, 3.0%, and 20.0%, respectively. K6 scores were negatively correlated with total RU_SATED scores (rs = -0.252, p < 0.001). Each 1-point increase in the RU_SATED score was associated with a 0.325-point decrease in the K6 score. Multivariable logistic regression showed that K6-5 distress was associated with all six RU_SATED dimensions (odds ratios [OR] = 0.309-0.671), while K6-13 distress was associated with satisfaction (OR = 0.176). Perceived stress was associated with regularity, satisfaction, and duration (OR = 0.246-0.653). Higher RU_SATED scores were negatively associated with psychological distress, with each sleep dimension showing a distinct relationship. Further research is warranted to examine these associations in more diverse populations.
27. Longitudinal study of frequency of diarrhea and rotavirus species A in suckling calves from a small-scale family dairy farm in Brazil.
期刊: Veterinary research communications 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neonatal diarrhea is a recurring health issue impacting the economy and productivity of dairy cattle herds worldwide. Bovine rotavirus A (BoRVA) is a major viral agent in the etiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. This prospective longitudinal study determined the frequency of diarrhea and BoRVA detection in suckling calves from a small-scale family-farming dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil. A total of 169 fecal samples were collected from 60 suckling calves at 7 (n = 60), 14 (n = 56), and 21 (n = 53) days after birth. The fecal samples were classified, based on fecal consistency, as diarrheic (n = 60), pasty (n = 83), or normal (n = 26). The detection of BoRVA RNA was performed using silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The G and P genotypes of BoRVA circulating in the herd were determined by RT-PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing. BoRVA was detected in 46.7% (28/60) of the calves. Calves with diarrhea (26.7%, 16/60) had a higher detection rate of BoRVA compared to those with pasty (12%, 10/83) and normal (7.7%, 2/26) fecal samples. Regarding age, most of the BoRVA-positive calves were 7 days old (67.9%, 19/28), followed by 14 days old (25%, 7/28), and 21 days old (7.1%, 2/28). Two distinct BoRVA genotype combinations, G6P[5] and G10P[11], were identified in the herd. This study provides insights into the prevalence and circulating genotypes of BoRVA in a small-scale family-based dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil.
28. Venous thromboembolism in patients with traumatic pelvic and acetabular fractures: a retrospective cohort study.
期刊: European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Studies on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with traumatic pelvic and acetabular fractures have shown variable epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes. This retrospective study evaluated patients with traumatic pelvic and/or acetabular fractures who were admitted to a Level 1 trauma center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2016 and December 2022. We compared patients who had VTE to those who did not. The study evaluated 437 patients with (median age: 37 years; 72.8% males). VTE occurred in 42 patients (9.6%), with deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurring at almost equal rates. Patients with VTE were older and more likely to receive tranexamic acid (16.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.06), red blood cell (26.2% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.02) and platelet (9.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.08) transfusions, and pelvic angioembolization (9.5% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.03). The most common associated injuries were chest injury (28.4%) and abdomen/pelvis injury (23.8%). Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was used in 94.1% of patients, predominantly enoxaparin. The significant predictors of VTE were age, admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio 2.746, 95% confidence interval 1.041-7.240) and hospital length of stay. The timing of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was not significantly associated with VTE. Patients with VTE had similar hospital mortality compared with those without VTE (4.8% vs. 4.1%, respectively; p = 0.83) but stayed for a longer period in the hospital (median stay: 21.5 days vs. 12.0 days, respectively; p < 0.0001). VTE was diagnosed in almost 1 in 10 patients with traumatic pelvic and/or acetabular fractures. The need for admission to the intensive care unit, but not the timing of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis, predicted VTE.
29. Outcomes of locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing for periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA.
期刊: European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
We investigated outcomes of patients treated with either locked plating or retrograde intramedullary nailing (IMN) at a single institution and compared outcomes of retrograde IMN to locked plating for periprosthetic distal femur fractures. We reviewed 241 subjects with distal femur fractures around total knee arthroplasty (TKA) treated with locked plating (197) or retrograde IMN (44). Mean age was 77 years, 78% were female, and mean BMI was 32 kg/m2. There were 27% Su I, 41% Su II, and 32% Su III fractures. There were 87% primary TKAs and 13% revision TKAs. Mean follow-up was 3 years. Overall nonunion rate was 10% and 5-year survivorship free of any revision was 81%, with the most common reasons being nonunion (49%), infection (19%), and aseptic TKA loosening (11%). Patients with prior TKA infection (HR 3; p = 0.02), revision TKA (HR 2; p = 0.03), Su III fractures (HR 2.5; p = 0.04) were at increased risk of revision. There was a trend toward higher non-union rate in the locked plating group (11% vs. 2%; p = 0.07). Those with locked plating had higher rates of osteoporosis (70% vs. 52%; p = 0.02), prior revision TKA (16% vs. 2%; p = 0.02), and Su Type III fractures (36% vs.16%, p = 0.047). Five-year survivorship free of any revision for locked plating and retrograde IMN were 80% and 84%, respectively, with no significant difference in revision, reoperation, or non-operative complications. Both locked plating and retrograde IMN are viable fixation options for periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA. Those treated with locked plating had higher rates of osteoporosis, prior revision TKA, and more distal fractures, but did not demonstrate a significant increased risk for reoperation or revision. Level III, Retrospective comparative cohort study.
30. Association of educational attainment with mental disorders and the mediation role of lifestyle factors: a Mendelian randomization study.
期刊: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Educational attainment (EA) was associated with lifestyle behaviors and underlying mental disorders. However, the causality remained poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the causal association between EA and mental disorders while exploring the mediation role of lifestyle factors. A two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation role of lifestyle factors in the relationship between EA and mental disorders. The total effects of years of education (EduYears) and college completion (College) on 31 lifestyle factors and 7 mental disorders were estimated using univariable MR. Multivariable MR was utilized to assess the independent effects of lifestyle factors on mental disorders. Mediation effects were calculated for factors significantly associated with both EA and mental disorders. EduYears was significantly associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), major depression disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with OR (95% CIs) of 0.96 (0.92, 0.99), 0.97 (0.94, 1.00), 0.94 (0.91, 0.97), and 0.84 (0.82, 0.87), respectively. Similarly, genetically determined College was inversely associated with AN, MDD, PTSD, and ADHD. Smoking initiation, processed meat intake, beef intake, and cereal intake mediated the effect of EA on mental disorders from 9% to 31%. This study indicated the causal effect of EA on AN, MDD, PTSD, and ADHD. The mediation analysis indicated that smoking and diet partially explained the effect. The results underscored the significance of EA and lifestyle factors in mental health policies.
31. Prevalence and synergistic impact of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia on disability and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.
期刊: Rheumatology international 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to investigate the effects of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as assessed by functional status, disability, pain intensity, mood, and sleep quality. A total of 190 MS patients (137 females, 53 males; mean age: 45.2 ± 11.5 years; range: 20-72 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Pain, functional status and disability of the patients were evaluated using the following tools: visual analog scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4), Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Health Assessment Quality (HAQ) questionnaires. Neuropathic pain and FMS were present in 34.7% and 32.6% of the patients, respectively. The presence of both conditions was strongly associated with significantly worse scores across all tested parameters (VAS, BDI, FIQ, PSQI, EDSS, and HAQ) (p < 0.05). On most of the tools tested, male patients scored better than female patients (p < 0.05). Neuropathic pain and FMS are very common conditions in MS patients, and they appear to be associated with impaired quality of life, impaired functional status, and disability.
32. Bridge Maneuvers in Low Back Pain: Assessment of Internal and External Responsiveness.
期刊: Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of bridge maneuvers in subjects with low back pain (LBP) with respect to these outcomes. One hundred and thirty-nine patients with subacute and chronic LBP participated in a physical therapy program averaging 7.46 sessions of supervised exercises and home exercises to improve lumbar stability. At the beginning of the program and after the last session, participants completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI-I) and the Pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and performed Supine Bridge test (SBT), Right Side Bridge Test (RBT), Left Side Bridge Test (LBT), and Prone Bridge Test (PBT). Global perception of effectiveness was measured with a 7-point Global Perceived Effect Questionnaire. The optimal cutoff points were approximately 38.5 seconds for the Prone Bridge Test (PBT), (44% sensitivity; 78% specificity), 29.5 seconds for the RBT (55% sensitivity; 67% specificity), and 142 seconds for the SBT (45% sensitivity; 67% specificity). The areas under curves ranged from 0.56 (SBT) to 0.61 (PBT and RBT). Low to moderate significant relationships (p < .01) among bridge maneuvers, pain and disability (-0.23 to -0.39) and high correlations among each bridge maneuver and each other (0.69-0.81) emerged. Although bridge maneuvers were responsive to changes in lumbar stability and correlated significantly with pain and disability, these measures were not sufficiently sensitive or specific at baseline to predict these outcomes.
33. Correction: How do Health State Values Differ When Respondents Consider Adults Versus Children Living in Those States? A Systematic Review.
期刊: PharmacoEconomics 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
34. Off-label prescribing in Italian pediatric practice: insights from a nationwide survey.
期刊: European journal of pediatrics 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Off-label prescribing in pediatric care is common due to the lack of age-specific drug formulations, posing risks to safety and efficacy. Understanding how Italian hospitals manage and regulate this practice is essential to improving oversight and promoting safer prescribing. A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 13, 2024, to January 31, 2025, under the Italian Network for Pediatric Clinical Trials (INCiPiT). Fifty facilities participated; 64% of those with < 5000 pediatric admissions had Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and birth centers. Off-label prescribing was strongly associated with NICUs, increasing up to 50% following compassionate use refusal. Notably, 25% of centers were unaware of prescribing frequency. Facilities with digital tracking and dedicated research units had better regulatory compliance and higher compassionate use approval rates. The present analysis revealed that off-label prescribing is pervasive and predominantly driven by institutional specialization rather than hospital size. The implementation of structured oversight, digital infrastructure, and cost monitoring has been demonstrated to enhance regulatory compliance. The findings of this study support the need for standardized procedures and policy alignment to ensure safe pediatric pharmacotherapy. • Off-label drug prescribing in pediatric care is a prevalent practice, primarily attributable to the paucity of age-appropriate formulations and clinical trial data for children.This practice entails potential risks associated with drug safety, efficacy, and dosing accuracy, particularly in vulnerable populations such as neonates and infants. • Regulatory oversight and institutional awareness of off-label use vary significantly across healthcare systems, with limited data available on how hospitals manage these prescriptions at the organizational level. • This nationwide Italian survey reveals that off-label prescribing in Italian pediatric hospitals is primarily driven by institutional specialization-especially NICU presence-rather than hospital size, with digital tracking and research units linked to better regulatory compliance. • A significant portion of facilities lack awareness of their off-label prescribing rates, highlighting the need for standardized oversight and national policy alignment to ensure safer pediatric drug use.
35. Exploring Perceived Motivators and Barriers to Equitable Access in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participation.
期刊: Journal of nutrition education and behavior 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate the perceived motivators and barriers to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation in urban and rural Nebraska, to address the disparities in program reach. Cross-sectional online survey. Low-income WIC-eligible households across urban and rural Nebraska. N = 1,116 households (n = 801 urban; n = 315 rural) with ≥ 1 child. Perceived motivators and barriers to WIC participation. Logistic regression with Benjamini-Hochberg correction assessed associations between rural-urban status and perceived motivators/barriers, adjusting for race/ethnicity, income, and education; significance was based on Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P values < 0.05. Rural residents were more likely to perceive access to nutritious food (P < 0.01), breastfeeding support (P < 0.01), and health care referrals (P < 0.05) as motivators for WIC participation than urban residents. Conversely, urban residents were 1.7 times more likely to perceive difficulty traveling to WIC clinics (P < 0.01) as a barrier than rural counterparts. Targeted strategies addressing Nebraska’s diverse needs are necessary for improving WIC participation. Longitudinal and multistate data are needed to examine participation factors over time, supporting causal inferences and informing evidence-based policy.
36. Longitudinal Test of Multiple Risk and Protective Factor Domains for Early Substance Use Onset: Implications for Primary Prevention Policy and Practice.
期刊: Substance use & addiction journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Primary prevention research rarely include measures for multiple risk and protective factor domains for youth alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use onset simultaneously within the same prospective study. The aim of this study is to test the simultaneous longitudinal relationships between risk and protective factors within these 5 domains and ATOD onset among early adolescents. Analyses are based on waves 1 to 6 from the Young Mountaineer Health Study cohort that was conducted every ~6 months over a 3-year period between 2020 and 2023 in 20 diverse schools in West Virginia in the United States. For the present analysis, 2916 sets of student data were included from all 6 waves. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using best linear unbiased predictors for all domain exposure variables across the 6 time points using high-performance linear mixed modeling in conjunction with logistic regression. Risk and protective factors within the 5 exposure domains of parents/caregivers, peers, school, leisure time, and community were simultaneously related to odds of substance use onset among early adolescents. Our findings underscore the need for both basic and prevention research guided by systems-based approaches versus a focus on a limited set of etiological factors.
37. Expanding Access to Buprenorphine and Methadone: Global Perspectives and Policy Recommendations.
期刊: Substance use & addiction journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Opioid-related deaths remain a major cause of preventable mortality, but access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) such as methadone and buprenorphine remains restricted globally. This review compares national MOUD policies across 8 countries (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, Iran, Australia, and Portugal) to examine how regulation may affect treatment coverage, mortality, and system responsiveness. Secondary aims include identifying barriers to MOUD access and illustrating potential lives saved and economic gains from expanded U.S. coverage. A targeted narrative review of peer-reviewed and policy literature characterized methadone and buprenorphine regulations, prescriber eligibility, dispensing models, and coverage across countries, with opioid-related mortality data drawn from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. A U.S. modeling analysis estimated overdose deaths averted and economic savings at increasing levels of MOUD coverage using national prevalence data, meta-analytic mortality reductions from treatment, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention economic valuations adjusted for treatment costs. Regulatory bottlenecks including daily supervised dosing, restricted community prescribing, and stigmatizing drug scheduling limit MOUD access. International models demonstrate feasible alternatives: in the U.K. and Australia, community pharmacy dispensing supports reach without compromising safety; in France, liberal buprenorphine prescribing through primary care facilitated rapid national scale-up; in Portugal and Iran, decriminalization and expansion of flexible, low-threshold public health-integrated models coincided with reductions in overdose deaths. In contrast, Russia’s prohibition underscores the harms of abstinence-only policies. Increasing U.S. MOUD coverage to 25% could prevent about 3500 overdose deaths annually, and universal coverage could avert over 41 000, yielding $38 to $444 billion in net economic savings. International evidence suggests that regulatory reform and integration of MOUD into mainstream healthcare can expand access and reduce mortality. Aligning policies with these lessons, by decentralizing methadone delivery, modernizing buprenorphine scheduling, and embedding MOUD within public health systems, represents both a public health and economic imperative.
38. Expanding End-of-Life Options for Incarcerated Individuals.
期刊: The American journal of hospice & palliative care 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aging prison population in the United States presents urgent challenges for providing appropriate end-of-life (EOL) care. Currently, there are two primary approaches to deliver this in a compassionate manner: medical release programs (MRPs) and prison-based end-of-life care programs (EOLCPs). Using New York State as a case study, we argue expanded MRPs represent the most ethical path forward, while acknowledging the continuing need for prison-based EOLCPs. Our analysis reveals significant barriers to accessing medical release, including lack of knowledge about the application processes, procedural inefficiencies, overreliance on prognostication, and social stigma. While prison-based programs offer some benefits, studies indicate they frequently fall short of community standards for EOL care, particularly regarding family involvement, pain management, and environment, including a shortage of beds and equipment. We argue for expanding MRPs based on three key considerations: (1) documented preferences of incarcerated individuals against dying in prison, (2) low recidivism rates among medically released individuals, (3) concerning variations in prison-based EOLCP implementation and oversight that likely leads to inconsistent care. While maintaining prison-based EOLCPs remains necessary for incarcerated people ineligible for medical release or those who prefer to remain in facility care, expanding MRPs may better protect patient autonomy and dignity. We recommend three policy changes: (1) training and requiring correctional staff to identify potential eligible individuals for medical release, (2) training community medical professionals on state medical release policies to facilitate applications during community care episodes, and (3) establishing independent physician panels for medical evaluations to expedite evaluations and reduce potential bias.
39. A visual reminder chart to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence and self-management in a low-resource setting.
期刊: Journal of public health (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Treatment adherence in tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where limited health literacy contributes to poor outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a low-cost, visual reminder tool (the TB-Minder Chart) to improve patient adherence and self-management. A single-arm pre-post intervention was conducted with 39 adult pulmonary TB patients attending a regional clinic. Participants used the TB-Minder Chart daily for 2 months to record medication intake and reflect on treatment experiences. Adherence was measured using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and self-management was assessed using a validated TB self-management tool at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed in adherence and self-management over time (P < .001). Patients reported better integration of medication into daily routines, improved recall of doses when away from home, and fewer skipped doses. Gains were most pronounced in life integration, highlighting the intervention’s role in strengthening patient empowerment. The TB-Minder Chart represents a scalable, participatory, and cost-effective health education strategy to enhance adherence and self-management in TB care. Its simplicity makes it a promising adjunct to existing programs in resource-limited health systems.
40. Community Health Professionals' Perspectives on the Role and Training Needs of Public Health Nurses: A Qualitative Study.
期刊: Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Public health nurses (PHNs) occupy an important position in improving community health outcomes and the response to public health emergencies. However, China currently lacks a standardized PHN education system, resulting in an underskilled workforce unable to meet growing public health demands. To address this issue, a deeper understanding of the actual roles and training needs of PHNs from the perspective of frontline community health professionals is essential for developing a structured and effective educational framework. To explore the perspectives of community health professionals on the role and training needs of PHNs in China, so as to provide potential reference for establishing a comprehensive PHN education system. With the utilization of a qualitative descriptive study design, this study was carried out with the recruitment of participants from 10 community health service centers in Beijing between March and August 2022 via purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 17 community nurses and 15 public health physicians in China, with the collected data subsequently undergoing thematic analysis. This study identified two key themes of the roles of PHNs and the necessity of their training (11 sub-themes in total) through interviews. Specifically, the roles of PHNs involved eight sub-themes: responding to public health emergencies, providing population-centered care, conducting health education and promotion, managing chronic diseases, delivering mental health services, advising on policy development, offering maternal and child healthcare, and implementing family-centered care. In addition, the necessity of training encompassed three sub-themes: the need to respond to public health emergencies, the demand for meeting patient needs, and the requirement for specialized training. PHNs are essential frontline professionals in public health practice, which underscores the imperative to cultivate public health nursing talents through undergraduate education in China. This integration is expected to cultivate a nursing workforce capable of effectively responding to future public health emergencies.
41. The Role of Viral and Bacterial Infections in the Etiology of Behçet's Disease.
期刊: Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a complex systemic vasculitis with a poorly understood etiology that involves genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Increasing evidence suggests that viral and bacterial infections may trigger or exacerbate BD through immune-mediated pathways. This review aims to clarify how different infectious agents may contribute to BD pathogenesis. For this review, articles addressing microbial involvement in BD were collected from established databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Priority was given to studies evaluating classical pathogens-including Herpes simplex virus and Streptococcus spp.-as well as more recent agents such as SARS-CoV-2, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Helicobacter pylori. Findings from immunological, molecular, and clinical research were integrated to highlight shared mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions. The reviewed literature shows that microbial infections may influence BD through multiple interconnected mechanisms. A central concept is the possible cross-reactivity between microbial and human heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may activate Th1/Th17 cytokine pathways and enhance neutrophil activity. The review also highlights the dual functions of TRIM proteins in antiviral responses and inflammatory dysregulation, as well as the involvement of inflammasome activation and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These combined processes may help explain how infections initiate or intensify immune responses in BD. By synthesizing current microbial and immune evidence, this review provides an updated perspective on BD immunopathogenesis and outlines testable mechanisms for future research. Understanding these links may support the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies.
42. Microtubule Inner Protein CFAP77 Contributes to Sperm Motility and Male Fertility in Mice.
期刊: Andrology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sperm motility is essential for male fertility, and its regulation is dependent on the structural integrity of the axoneme. The axoneme consists of a conserved “9+2” microtubule arrangement and is supported by microtubule inner proteins. However, the functional significance of many microtubule inner proteins remains unclear. Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 77 (CFAP77) has been identified as a microtubule inner protein in various species, but its role in mammalian sperm function has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the function of CFAP77 in sperm motility and male fertility using a Cfap77 knockout mouse model. Cfap77 knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Male fertility was assessed by mating tests, and sperm motility was analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry were performed to determine CFAP77’s localization and interaction with other microtubule inner proteins. We found that CFAP77 localized to the sperm flagella in mice. Moreover, Cfap77 knockout males exhibited significantly reduced fertility, with impaired sperm motility despite normal morphology. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that CFAP77 interacts with TEKTL1, and CFAP77 loss leads to a reduced amount of TEKTL1 in spermatozoa. We demonstrate that CFAP77 is crucial for sperm motility and male fertility. The interaction between CFAP77 and other microtubule inner proteins suggests a role in stabilizing other microtubule inner proteins and regulating flagellar function. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of sperm motility regulation.
43. Real-world quantification of implementation dose across twenty-five implementation instances.
期刊: Implementation science communications 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
There are many approaches in implementation science research and practice to prospectively and pragmatically measure the amount of effort required to implement a particular evidence-based practice (EBP). We sought to 1) demonstrate how to prospectively and pragmatically document implementation activities in a real-world implementation trial; 2) quantify implementation dose (frequency and time spent) across the implementation of four EBPs; and 3) explore potential drivers of variation in implementation dose across EBP, sites, implementation progress, and wave. We built on the existing literature to develop a prospective and pragmatic way to track implementation activities during a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation stepped wedge trial. We then quantified both total implementation dose (defined as total time spent by the implementer team) and how much of this dose was synchronous (defined as time spent working directly with local implementers at the sites receiving the intervention). We used multiple linear regression to understand what factors may influence differences in total implementation dose delivered (such as which evidence-based practice was being implemented, in which wave of the stepped wedge, at which medical centers), as well as how dose was related to implementation progress, categorized by 1) decision to participate, 2) training, 3) implementation with support, and 4) independent implementation. From 2022 to 2023, we prospectively captured implementation dose across 25 implementation instances related to four EBPs that were implemented at seven VA medical centers. We implemented Surgical Pause seven times, TAP six times, CAPABLE six times, and EMPOWER six times. We captured and categorized 1,271 h of implementation activities. Asynchronous administrative activities were most common across implementation phases. Other common synchronous activities include engaging collaborators, problem solving, providing updates, and ongoing action/implementation planning. The EBP was the largest driver of variation in implementation dose overall. Site, implementation progress, and wave did not independently explain variations in implementation dose. The EBP being implemented was a much stronger predictor of the implementation dose required than were other factors, such as experience implementing the EBP or characteristics of the medical center where the intervention was being implemented.
44. Morphological approaches for optimizing lateral knee radiographs in normal knees and knees with osteoarthritis.
期刊: Radiological physics and technology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Accurate lateral knee radiographs are essential for assessing pathology and planning surgery. However, achieving adequate femoral condyle overlap is technically challenging because of individual variations in lower limb alignment. We analyzed the alignment-dependent bone morphology and proposed practical X-ray tube angles to optimize lateral imaging. Full-length lower limb radiographs of 212 normal and 191 knees with osteoarthritis (KOA) were examined. The lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle were measured to classify the alignment into varus, neutral, and valgus types. The LDFA increased with varus alignment in both the normal (89.1°, 88.0°, and 85.2°) and KOA knees (90.2°, 88.0°, and 85.0°). The joint line orientation consistently exhibited an apex-distal pattern. The distal femoral tangent angle (θ = 90° - LDFA) ranged from - 0.2° to 5.0°, providing reference targets for X-ray tube inclination. This alignment-based approach improved imaging reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy in both normal and KOA knees.
45. Parthenolide Exerts Protection against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats by Inhibiting Perk-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Perinatal hypoxia causes hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), which can result in neurological sequelae of varying severity. This syndrome is a major cause of neonatal mortality and pediatric impairment. Although research is ongoing to better understand its origins and develop targeted treatments, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis via the unfolded protein response (UPR) is crucial for the progression of cerebral ischemia injury. Parthenolide (PN), a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the Asteraceae family, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties that are beneficial in treating central nervous system disorders. To investigate the role of PN in HIBD and its underlying mechanism. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to observe apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hyperactivation in HIBD, followed by a comparison of the neuroprotective effects of PN through modulation of the protein kinase Ribonucleic Acid-like ER kinase (Perk) pathway of ER stress. An in vivo model of HIBD was established using postnatal day 7 rat pups exposed to hypoxia for 2 h after left common carotid artery ligation. The in vitro model involved rat brain astrocyte cells that were depleted of glucose and oxygen for 7 h. Perfusion imaging and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were used to visualize cerebral edema and infarction in HIBD brain tissue. Nissl staining and other histological techniques were used to detect nerve cell loss and destruction in damaged areas. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) staining were used to localize sites with high expression of apoptosis-positive cells in the liver. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to observe apoptosis and pathway markers at the transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the motor and memory abilities of rats over time. In this study, we observed that phosphorylated Perk/Perk (P-Perk/Perk), glucose-regulated protein-78, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (P-eIf2α/eIf2α), CHOP, and various apoptotic factors were significantly elevated in the cortex of rats with HIBD compared to normal rats. PN acts through the Perk pathway, regulating ERS and reducing apoptosis after HIBD in neonatal rat models. Our findings demonstrate that elevated P-Perk expression activates the UPR-mediated pathway and triggers apoptosis, thereby counteracting the protective effects of PN both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, PN inhibits Perk and the Perk/eIf2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway, leading to reduced apoptosis and astrocyte activation in neonatal rats. This study highlights the preventive role of PN in HIBD by downregulating apoptotic expression, potentially through the modulation of the Perk/eIf2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway within the disease framework.
46. Developing a Comprehensive Approach for Managing Cardiorenal Metabolic Diseases (CRMD) in Saudi Arabia: Thinking beyond Single Disease-Literature Review and Multidisciplinary Consensus Report.
期刊: Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cardiorenal metabolic disease (CRMD) encompasses a cluster of interrelated conditions-including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-that share common pathophysiologic pathways and amplify morbidity and mortality risks. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has demonstrated robust evidence across randomized controlled trials and real-world studies in improving glycemic control (mean glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] reduction of 1.0-1.5%), inducing sustained weight loss (average 10-15%), and reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (by 26% in SUSTAIN-6 and 20% in SELECT). Its potential renal and hepatic benefits, including slower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and reduction in liver fat content, highlight its suitability for integrated CRMD management. This consensus report was developed through a structured, multiphase Delphi process involving endocrinologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, and public health experts from across Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, Scopus, and Saudi Digital Library [2016-2024]) prioritized high-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and regional data. The panel reached consensus on key recommendations: (1) early identification and holistic management are critical for effective CRMD control; (2) adults at risk should undergo systematic screening for metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and cognitive complications; and (3) semaglutide should be positioned as a cornerstone therapy given its multiorgan benefits and favorable safety profile. Implementation strategies emphasize the careful selection of patients, individualized dosing, patient education, and integration into national pathways. In alignment with Saudi Vision 2030, incorporating semaglutide into CRMD management, supported by provider training, multidisciplinary care models, and cost-effectiveness analyses, can significantly reduce the national burden of metabolic disease and CVD.
47. A Community-Centered Approach to Strengthening Perinatal Care Connections.
期刊: Maternal and child health journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Racial disparities in maternal health outcomes are a public health crisis in the U.S. Adequate connection to pregnancy-related resources is a strategy for improving maternal outcomes (Trost et al., in Pregnancy-related deaths: Data from maternal mortality review committees in 36 States, 2017-2019. Centers for disease control and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/erase-mm/data-mmrc.html , 2022), yet patients receive little support navigating complex systems. We tested the feasibility of a transition-of-care program that identifies individuals in early pregnancy who visit the emergency department (ED) and facilitates connections to needed healthcare and supportive resources. This pilot used a regional Health Information Exchange (HIE) to identify people from EDs across four counties in South Jersey with evidence of a current or recent pregnancy and limited connection to care. Eligible patients were assigned to a partner site who contacted them to offer scheduling support for pregnancy-related care and connection to supportive resources. The pilot initially focused on prenatal care but expanded to include other supports based on patient needs. Of the 2073 eligible patients, 896 were contacted, and 379 accepted one or more types of support. Support was accepted across racial, ethnic, age, and insurance groups. This pilot illustrated that a perinatal transition of care program from the ED to appropriate pregnancy-related services and resources is feasible. The ED provides a unique opportunity to identify and engage people early in pregnancy who might face barriers to accessing timely care. The model reduced reliance on self-navigation and addressed common access challenges.
48. Viniferin and its derivatives: a comprehensive review of structural variations and promising pharmacological applications in disease prevention and therapeutic development.
期刊: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Viniferin, a resveratrol-derived compound that belongs to a group of plant-produced stilbenoids, functions as a natural defense against microbial invasion, toxins, infections, and ultraviolet radiation. Alpha-(α-) viniferin (trimer), beta-(β-) viniferin (dimer), delta-(δ-) viniferin (oxidative dehydrodimer), epsilon-(ε-) viniferin (distinct dehydrodimer), gamma-(γ-) viniferin (isomeric oligomer), vitisin A (R-viniferin), and vitisin B (R2-viniferin) are structurally diverse forms with distinct pharmacological activities. Antioxidant studies showed that ε-viniferin exhibited a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of about 80 µM. Also, suppression of nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E₂ are anti-inflammatory mechanisms. R2-viniferin demonstrated an IC₅₀ of 9.7 µM against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells at 72 h, mediated through apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, according to anticancer studies that demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. There have been reports of additional activity against models of glioblastoma and prostate cancer. In metabolic disorders, oral α-viniferin (20-40 mg/kg/day) improved lipid and glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet, and it additionally improved liver and renal biomarkers such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransaminase. Several bacterial strains have shown signs of preliminary antimicrobial action. By reducing excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, viniferins also have neuroprotective effects. They also have anti-melanogenic properties by blocking the tyrosinase and melanogenesis pathways. Collectively, viniferins demonstrate pleiotropic pharmacologic activities by defined molecular mechanisms and quantifiable dose-dependent effects. The properties classify viniferins as new multifunctional drug candidates for discovery and nutraceuticals, but they highlight the need for standardized pharmacologic assays, further preclinical validation, and pharmacokinetic optimization towards clinical use.
49. Antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerotic vascular disease: recent advances.
期刊: Rheumatology international 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Growing evidence indicates that antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are not only associated with arterial thrombosis, but also enhanced premature atherosclerosis and stenotic lesions in various vascular beds. Atherosclerotic vascular disease involving coronary, carotid, and peripheral arteries is accelerated in APS to a larger extent when systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune disorders co-exist. However, the presence of aPL by itself may enhance atherosclerosis and increase the risk of arterial thromboembolic events also in older patients who did not meet the APS classification criteria. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in particular hypertension and hypercholesterolemia largely contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and the occurrence of its thrombotic manifestations also in patients with aPL, therefore they should be vigorously treated like in patients free of autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, antiplatelet agents alone and in combination with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remain a mainstay in prevention of arterial thrombosis in APS, despite controversy around the impact of typical atherosclerotic vascular disease and its risk factors on therapeutic strategies in the presence of IgG and/or IgM aPL at significant titers. The present overview summarizes clinical evidence for the role of aPL in subclinical and clinically overt atherosclerotic vascular disease and its management.
50. Cervical Whole Slide Images Dataset for Multi-class Classification.
期刊: GigaScience 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
The clinical pathway for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer depends on cytology and then the assessment of biopsies, fragments of tissue removed for histological examination. This can be a significant workload and is an obvious exemplar to explore triage based on machine learning analysis of slides. Limited access to large annotated datasets of human diseased tissue is a major obstacle to developing standards and algorithms that can assist diagnosis. We present a dataset comprising 2539 whole slide images of cervical biopsies, each annotated by several pathologists and consensus on diagnosis and individual features agreed. Each whole slide image represents one slide per patient, in iSyntax format with manual annotations by pathologists in Jason format. Each whole slide image is assigned a category label which is the final diagnosis of the image, and a subcategory label which declares in which subcategory the image is found. This dataset has been used to build a model that accurately predicts diagnosis, allowing the possibility of automatically triaging biopsies, so that the most significant pathologies can be identified rapidly and those patients selected for immediate treatment. The level of annotation, at sub-slide level, and the number of cases is unique in public databases and should allow investigators to explore multiple aspects of computer vision relevant to human tissue diagnosis, with no limitation placed on access to the whole slide images.
51. The Gut-Brain Axis in Autism: Inflammatory Mechanisms, Molecular Insights, and Emerging Microbiome-Based Therapies.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiology, including genetic, environmental, and microbial influences. Recent studies have highlighted the gut-brain axis as a crucial mediator in ASD pathophysiology, linking alterations in gut microbiota to neurodevelopmental and behavioral abnormalities. Individuals with ASD frequently exhibit dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbial composition, reduced microbial diversity, and increased intestinal permeability. These changes contribute to systemic inflammation, altered neurotransmitter synthesis, and metabolic dysfunctions, ultimately impacting brain function. Emerging therapeutic approaches targeting gut microbiome, such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have shown potential in alleviating both gastrointestinal (GI) and ASD-related symptoms. This review explores the latest evidence on microbiome alterations in ASD, the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis influences neurodevelopment, and the therapeutic potential of microbiome-based interventions. Understanding these connections may open new avenues for targeted treatments in ASD management.
52. Construction and Structure Tailoring of Versatile Metal Halide Perovskite Composites for Photocatalysis.
期刊: Topics in current chemistry (Cham) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Photocatalytic technologies are essential for addressing energy and environmental challenges. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts owing to their adjustable bandgaps, high efficiency, and broad visible-light absorption capabilities. However, despite their potential, MHPs encounter obstacles that impede their effective use. These challenges include the necessity to maintain stability in aqueous and oxygen-rich environments as well as at elevated temperatures. Moreover, issues such as electron-hole recombination and limited oxidation activity during photocatalytic processes present significant hurdles that must be overcome for the successful application of MHPs. This review addresses the latest advancements in the application of MHPs for photocatalytic tasks, such as hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, degradation of organic contaminants, and removal of nitrogen oxides. The first part of the review addresses the basic principles of photocatalysis, the crystalline structures, coordination environments, and distinguishing features of MHP photocatalysts. A range of strategies has been investigated to improve the performance of MHP photocatalysts and address challenges such as low stability, excessive charge recombination, and limited active sites. These strategies involve controlling morphology, forming heterojunctions, modifying surfaces or interfaces, and encapsulating the materials. The paper further examines the ongoing challenges and future prospects of MHP photocatalysts, highlighting their promising potential and significant role in a wide range of photocatalytic applications. Highlights Structures, properties, coordination environments, and basic principles of metal halide perovskite photocatalysts. Comprehensive summary of efficient photocatalytic strategies activity and stability of metal halide perovskites. Current progresses in the photocatalytic H2 generation, CO2 reduction, organics degradation, and NOx remediation. Current challenges and future prospective of metal halide perovskite as efficient photocatalysts.
53. Parasitological survey of farmed Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) in an aquaculture setting.
期刊: Parasitology research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
54. Molecular Screening of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for Vector-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens, South Moravia, Czech Republic.
期刊: Zoonoses and public health 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Black flies (Simuliidae) are globally distributed blood-feeding arthropods and vectors of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens to many animal species, including humans. We investigated the occurrence of selected vector-borne pathogens in black flies in South Moravia, Czech Republic, and evaluated their possible role in the circulation of vector-borne pathogens. A total of 11,600 black flies comprising four species of the genus Simulium, namely Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776), Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum (Meigen, 1804), Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924), and Simulium (Wilhelmia) turgaicum (Rubtsov, 1940) were pooled and screened for the following arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites endemic in Central Europe: viruses (alphaviruses, bunyaviruses and flaviviruses), bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, and Brucella spp.), protista (Babesia spp., Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp.) and filaria (Dirofilaria spp., Setaria spp., and Onchocerca spp.). Almost all pools were negative for known arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites. However, four new Bartonella spp. variants were found that share similarity with other bartonellae reported from diverse arthropods and humans. The phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sequences from Czech black flies provides further evidence about an expanding diversity of Bartonella lineages in arthropods globally, including hematophagous species (e.g., ticks, mosquitoes, and biting flies) and non-hematophagous species (e.g., bees and ants). These bartonellae have the potential to cause pathogenic infections in humans who are exposed to arthropods carrying these bacteria. Summing up, this study provides for the very first time valuable data for characterising the risk to public and veterinary health from black flies and the infections they may carry in Europe. Further testing, however, should include a wider geographic, seasonal, and taxonomic range of black flies.
55. Unveiling Novel Biomarkers: Ferroptosis and m1A in the Progression of Nanographene-Induced Lung Fibrosis.
期刊: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Graphene, a novel 2D carbon-based material, has become integral to energy capture and storage facilities in wind and photovoltaic energy. Its widespread application has escalated concerns regarding occupational inhalation exposure, necessitating urgent identification of associated health risks and preventive strategies. Divergent outcomes are reported regarding nanographene-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Intriguingly, multiple modes of programmed cell death, including ferroptosis, are discovered to have essential regulatory roles in the pathological process. Nevertheless, their relationship with graphene exposure and the resulting toxic effects remains unexplored. In this study, it is demonstrated that escalating graphene exposure durations and doses induced tissue-specific organ damage, predominantly localized to the pulmonary and immune systems. Notably, cellular ferroptosis is accompanied by lung tissue fibrosis, a finding further confirmed by metabolomics. Furthermore, 1-methyladenosine is identified as a responsive biomarker of graphene exposure, with functional validation implicating tRNA methyltransferase 6 (TRMT6 and tRNA methyltransferase 61A (TRMT61A). Collectively, the findings suggest that m1A mediates critical signaling during the progression of fibrosis and ferroptosis induced by graphene exposure and can serve as a potential biomarker of graphene exposure. Targeting TRMT6/TRMT61A may offer therapeutic avenues against graphene-induced toxicity.
56. Evaluating the Endocrine-Disrupting and Oxidative Stress Potential of a 50-Component Human-Relevant Complex Chemical Mixture Using In Vitro Tests.
期刊: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Humans are chronically exposed to mixtures of environmental contaminants. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contributes to increased health impairment observed globally. This study aimed to evaluate the endocrine-disruptive and oxidative stress potential of a human-relevant, complex chemical mixture in vitro. By testing chemical class subgroup mixtures, the identity of toxicological drivers and mixture additivity could be investigated. A 50-component mixture was compiled based on Swedish human blood concentrations (xHBC), consisting of six subgroup mixtures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCB mixture), brominated flame retardants (BFR mixture), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS mixture), pesticide mixture, synthetic phenolic contaminants (phenol mixture), and phthalate mixture. These were tested in four chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) assays: dioxin responsive (DR-), estrogen receptor α (ERα-), androgen receptor. (AR-), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-CALUX, along with an adipocyte cell assay. The total mixture caused significant agonistic activity in DR- and ER-, and antagonistic activity in AR-CALUX at 0.1-15 xHBC, depending on the assay. Mixture additivity was assessed in ERα-, DR-, and anti-AR-CALUX using subgroup mixtures and the concentration addition (CA) model. The total mixture followed the CA model in ERα-, anti-AR- and DR-CALUX. The toxicological drivers of these activities were mainly the PCB and phenol mixture. A significant increase in differentiated adipocytes was observed at 100 xHBC. These results raise concerns regarding potential health effects on the endocrine system. The additive effects at human-relevant concentrations observed in this study motivate considering mixtures in regulatory contexts to protect the well-being of future generations.
57. A scoping review of programmes that address the daily living functioning of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
期刊: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder experience persistent functional impairment despite current evidence-based treatment. Domains of daily living functioning, such as establishing a routine, household management and self-care, can be important goals for rehabilitation. This review aimed to scope and synthesise programmes that address the daily living functioning of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. This review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodological guidance. Eight databases (Medline, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and Scopus) and grey literature were searched. Forty-four records were found spanning 12 countries, from 1987 to 2025, comprising research studies, educational materials and programme summaries. Programmes included independent living skills development, residential facilities, outpatient treatment and occupational therapy, with rehabilitation and recovery the most frequently used approaches. The domains of daily living functioning were health (n = 189), relational (n = 84), responsibility (n = 67), personal (n = 61), leisure (n = 53), routine (n = 42) and household (n = 30). Measures used to describe changes in functioning varied considerably. Programmes supporting the daily living functioning of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder exist. However, the evidence base is currently disparate. No single programme addressed all identified domains of daily living functioning. Comprehensive, evidence-based rehabilitation programmes addressing all domains of daily living functioning are needed to enable functional recovery for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
58. Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation using antiarrhythmic drugs: An international cohort study.
期刊: British journal of clinical pharmacology 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
Our international cohort study assessed the comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using antiarrhythmic drugs. Using the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and Québec claims data, we assembled two study cohorts of patients with NVAF who initiated DOACs or VKAs while on antiarrhythmic drugs (2011-2020). Using an as-treated exposure definition, we assessed the risks of ischemic stroke and major bleeding associated with DOACs vs. VKAs. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after propensity score-based inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting. Site-specific estimates were pooled together using random-effects models. Secondary analyses assessed effect measure modification by individual DOAC and type of antiarrhythmic drugs (interacting vs. non-interacting). The study cohort included 44 435 patients with NVAF initiating DOACs (n = 29 071) or VKAs (n = 15 364) while using antiarrhythmics. Compared to VKAs, DOACs were not associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (UK: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.61-1.32/ Quebec: HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70-1.03/ pooled: HR, 0.86; 95% CI 0.72-1.02; I2 = 0%) but with a decreased risk of major bleeding (UK: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75-1.08/Quebec: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91/pooled: HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.78-0.92; I2 = 0%); the latter was more pronounced with apixaban (pooled HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.81; I2 = 74%). There was no effect modification by type of antiarrhythmic drugs. DOACs were as effective but safer than VKAs among NVAF patients treated with antiarrhythmic drugs.
59. Knowledge, practices, and health effects of exposure to chalk particles in classrooms among public secondary school teachers in the Johannesburg region.
期刊: International journal of environmental health research 发表日期: 2025-Nov-29 链接: PubMed
摘要
A cross-sectional study involving 239 teachers from 44 public secondary schools was conducted using an online questionnaire. Most teachers (95%) had never received training on exposure to chalk particles, and 76% did not take precautionary measures. Teachers opened windows (20%), frequently washed their hands (16%), and opened doors (15%) to reduce exposure. Despite the lack of training, most teachers (88%) recognised that exposure to chalk particles poses health risks. Most teachers (51%) knew that exposure to chalk particles could occur through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. Chi-squared results indicated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in teachers’ age, sex, and work experience regarding their knowledge of exposure to chalk particles. A work experience of 25-30 years was linked to knowledge (AOR: 1.04, CI: 0.27-4.17, p < 0.05). Coughing (19%), throat discomfort (16%), nasal congestion (11%), and headaches (10%) were the most prevalent health symptoms. Work experience of 5-10 (AOR: 3.58, CI: 1.64-8.27, p < 0.05), 15-20 (AOR: 4.76, CI: 1.77-15.25, p < 0.05), and 25-30 (AOR: 3.69, CI: 1.23-13.77, p = 0.03) years was associated with experiencing health symptoms. Due to a lack of training and awareness, teachers unknowingly implemented measures to reduce exposure to chalk particles.
60. Which Symptoms of Nomophobia, Social Networking Site Addiction, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Directly Affect Mental Health? A Symptom Network and Flow Analysis Study.
期刊: PsyCh journal 发表日期: 2025-Nov-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nomophobia, social networking site (SNS) addiction, and fear of missing out (FoMO) are increasingly recognized as interrelated digital-age phenomena that pose risks to young people’s mental health. However, limited research has examined how specific symptoms across these domains interact and contribute to anxiety and depression. This study aims to make a novel contribution by applying network and flow analysis to uncover the symptom-level interconnections among nomophobia, SNS addiction, FoMO, and their links to mental health outcomes. A total of 3108 college students completed validated scales measuring SNS addiction, FoMO, nomophobia, anxiety, and depression. Gaussian graphical models and centrality indices were used to estimate symptom networks. Flow networks were constructed to identify pathways connecting symptoms to mental health outcomes. Strong intranetwork associations were found within all three domains. “FoMO on information” emerged as the most central and influential bridge symptom, connecting nomophobia and SNS addiction. Flow network analysis revealed that “FoMO on information” was also the strongest individual predictor of both anxiety and depression. Other symptoms, such as “fear of losing internet connection” and “SNS-related insomnia,” also showed notable associations with mental health outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of network and flow analysis to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms across digital behavioral addictions. “FoMO on information” appears to be a key symptom linking nomophobia and SNS addiction and may represent a promising target for interventions aimed at reducing comorbid anxiety and depression among adolescents.
61. Mandatory warning signs for alcohol use during pregnancy and birth and infant outcomes in southern United States: a quasi-experimental study.
期刊: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Policies mandating posting of signs warning of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy (MWS-alcohol-pregnancy) are common in the United States Previous research suggests these policies are ineffective and relate to increased adverse infant and maternal outcomes. Research about MWS-alcohol-pregnancy using quasi-experiments is needed. This study uses Vital Statistics birth certificate data and commercial insurance claims data from Merative MarketScan® and policy data from NIAAA’s Alcohol Policy Information System. We systematically selected a treatment (Texas) and comparison (Florida) state for a quasi-experimental examination of effects of an MWS-alcohol-pregnancy policy going into effect in 2007. Difference-in-difference models compared changes in birthweight, low-birthweight, and infant injuries consistent with maltreatment from pre- to post-policy change between the treatment and comparison state. Mean birthweight decreased 4.06 g more from pre- to post-periods in the treatment as compared to the comparison (average treatment effect on the treated [ATET] -4.06, 95% CI -7.02, -1.09) state. The difference in the pre- to post-policy change in low-birthweight in the treatment relative to the comparison state was not statistically significant (ATET .0 pp, 95% CI -.0, .0). The pre- to post-policy change in infant maltreatment was .5 percentage points greater in the treatment relative to the comparison state (ATET .5 pp, 95% CI .2, .8). The MWS-alcohol-pregnancy policy was associated with lower birthweight and more infant maltreatment. This study provides further evidence that MWS-alcohol-pregnancy policies are mostly ineffective and possibly harmful.
62. A novel approach to incorporate frontier areas into urban-rural geographic classifications: Integrated Metropolitan-to-Frontier Area Codes.
期刊: The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 发表日期: 2025-Sep 链接: PubMed
摘要
To develop an urban-rural-frontier classification that integrates urbanicity and geographic remoteness and captures nuances in population and land area distributions invisible in traditional coding schemes, thereby providing a framework to measure health outcomes and access to care across the full urban-to-frontier continuum. We created tract-level Integrated Metropolitan-to-Frontier Area Codes (tIMFAC) by combining the US Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service’s Frontier and Remote Area (FAR) codes with Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes, classifying tracts as metropolitan, micropolitan, frontier-micropolitan, small town/rural, and frontier-small town/rural. We compared population and land area distributions and median distances to health care facility types by RUCA, FAR, and tIMFAC, and summarized distances to health care facilities across tIMFAC by Census regions. tIMFAC metropolitan, micropolitan, and small town/rural categories had higher population densities (312, 74, and 27/m2, respectively) than their RUCA counterparts (304, 54, and 11/m2, respectively). Densities were much lower in tIMFAC frontier-micropolitan and frontier-small town/rural areas (23 and 4/m2, respectively) than micropolitan and small town/rural. Three patterns emerged for travel distances across tIMFAC: (1) steadily increasing distances from metropolitan to frontier-small town/rural areas (e.g., medical-surgical intensive care units (ICUs)); (2) similar distances within frontier-micropolitan and micropolitan, and within frontier-small town/rural and small town/rural, respectively (e.g., obstetrics); and (3) longer distances for frontier areas regardless of urbanicity (e.g., pediatric ICUs and designated trauma centers). tIMFAC provides a policy-relevant approach to identifying health differences across the urban-to-frontier continuum, supporting efforts to better understand and address unique rural and frontier health challenges.