公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-12-07)
共收录 55 篇研究文章
1. Nitrous oxide abuse: single centre experience of nitrous oxide induced myeloneuropathy.
期刊: Irish journal of medical science 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Over the last 3 years, there has been increasing awareness of nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy, particularly among younger patients. We conducted a prospective and retrospective case series of patients presenting with nitrous oxide-associated myeloneuropathy to Tallaght University Hospital, between October 2022 and July 2024. Data were gathered regarding clinical presentation, investigations, and management of patients. Eighteen patients were identified (mean age 20 years, 78% male). The most common presenting symptom was paraesthesia (15/18) followed by limb weakness (13/18) and gait impairment (8/18). All patients reported heavy use of inhaled nitrous oxide, with a minority (3/18) also reporting prophylactic use of B12 supplementation. Levels of vitamin B12 were low (4/18) or low normal (7/18) in the majority of patients. Homocysteine was raised in almost all patients in whom it was measured (14/16). Of those cases (16/18) where MR imaging of the spinal cord was available, T2 hyperintensity was noted in the cervical cord in 8/16 cases, and this extended to involve the thoracic cord in five of those cases. Of those who had nerve conduction studies performed (13/18), motor-predominant axonal neuropathy was the most common pattern seen. Nitrous oxide abuse, and its neurological complications, continue to represent a significant public health concern, with associated burden on neurological services.
2. The State of the Science on Chronic Comorbidities and Aging in Children and Adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV.
期刊: Current HIV/AIDS reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
The availability and global scale-up of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a fatal infection to a chronic disease. While long-term survival is a positive development for people living with HIV (PLWH), the increased life expectancy comes with age-related comorbidities. These comorbidities affect PLWH at relatively earlier ages than the general population, and examples include cardiometabolic conditions, renal toxicity, lung and respiratory dysfunction, neurocognitive deficits, malignancy, and oral/dental pathology. Anticipatory management of early markers of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be especially advantageous for children and adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV (CAPHIV), the vast majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries. However, evidence for the mechanisms underlying age-related comorbidities in PLWH and implications for CAPHIV represent a still-emerging area of investigation. In this article, we review the current literature on comorbidities and age-related conditions experienced by CAPHIV, discuss the role of inflammation and chronic immune activation, and highlight accelerated biological aging and/or disruptions to the microbiome as underlying mechanisms. We recommend that HIV clinical care and health policy should reflect evidence on aging and comorbidities to optimize growth, development, and long-term health for CAPHIV globally.
3. Examining Sociodemographic Factors Related to Autism Screening Rates of Children in Early Intervention.
期刊: Journal of autism and developmental disorders 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Routine developmental screening is essential for early identification of autism. Reliable autism screening is even more valuable for individuals from minoritized groups who are often under-detected and receive later diagnoses. Despite this importance, disparities in access to screening and accurate identification persist. Given these disparities, we were interested in examining group differences in autism screening rates at 18 and 24 months of age among children referred to Georgia’s Part C Babies Can’t Wait (BCW) program between 2018 and 2022. Among a sample of 52,282 infants and toddlers enrolled in BCW, as hypothesized males and children with private insurance had higher screening likelihoods compared to females and children with public insurance. Unexpectedly, Black and Hispanic children were more likely to be screened than their counterparts. To examine this further, an examination of screening timing revealed that White and male children were more likely to be screened before their referral to BCW compared to peers. This reveals continued inequities in screening timing but suggests that BCW providers serve an important role in identifying children who may have been missed in other settings.
4. Impact of nanoparticles on biogeochemical processes in soil-plant system under heavy metals stress; exploring remediation mechanism and plant health status.
期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although, NPs have potential to improved plant resistance against abiotic stress, increased nutrient usage efficiency, and sustenance of agricultural production. However, reactions of NPs in soil matrices, particularly their movement, perseverance, and biogeochemical reactions in soil-plant system under heavy metals (HMs) were not well understood. Therefore, this review presents the latest research in order to clarify the molecular interactions, beneficial transformations, and detoxification processes of NPs in plants and evaluates their roles in these processes. It further aims to quantify the benefits and risks, and give future directions for NPs design and applications in environmental remediation and agriculture. NPs significantly enhanced agricultural outcomes through mechanisms such as regulating HMs uptake, boosting antioxidant enzyme activity (up to a 60% increase), altering soil properties, and optimizing physiological metabolism. NPs amendments raised crop output by 20-55% while reducing disease and nutrient leaching to 50% and 30%, respectively, and improving the soil’s carbon sink by 15%. Meanwhile, green-synthesized nanomaterials offer eco-friendly alternatives in remediation through processes like adsorption, oxidation, coprecipitation, ion-exchange, photocatalysis, and nanophytoremediation, achieving 100% pollutant removal efficiency for elements like hexavalent chromium using iron NPs. However, challenges such as NPs accumulation in food chains, potential toxicity to non-target species, and physiological disruptions necessitate solutions like microbiome co-delivery and stimuli-responsive systems to balance safety and effectiveness. In order to increase the available resources and address the worldwide food safety issue, the use of NPs in agroecosystems might be a crucial step towards sustainable farming. Therefore, the influence of NPs on soil, and plant antioxidant defense systems and oxidative stress activation under HMs should be studied using molecular, physiological, and biochemical techniques. For this purpose, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, illumina MiSeq sequencing, pyrosequencing analysis, metagenomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and functional assays etc. could be most useful for NPs risk/benefit evaluation.
5. Investigation of anogenital distance/anal position index and intestinal functional outcomes in children with hypospadias.
期刊: Pediatric surgery international 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Perineal morphometric alterations and functional outcomes in patients with hypospadias remain a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in anogenital distance (AGD)/anal position index (API) values and their intestinal functional impacts in relation to the severity of hypospadias in children. Fifty-one children who underwent hypospadias surgery (2014-2024) and 19 controls presenting for circumcision (June-September 2024) were assessed. Patients were classified as distal hypospadias (n = 31) or proximal hypospadias (n = 20). Posterior scrotal raphe-anus center (AGD), posterior scrotal raphe-coccyx distance, and API were measured. Constipation was evaluated using Rome IV criteria. Percentile values were calculated. Patient ages (years): 7.42 ± 1.67/11.51 ± 2.79/8.8 ± 2.37 for control/distal/proximal hypospadias groups. Proximal hypospadias showed significantly lower AGD (33.39 ± 8.11 mm) and API (0.35 ± 0.07) compared to distal hypospadias (54.79 ± 15.65 mm; 0.53 ± 0.07) and controls (55.54 ± 15.57 mm; 0.59 ± 0.08) (p = 0.042), (p < 0.001). Constipation was strongly associated with proximal hypospadias (p < 0.001). AGD distribution varied significantly across percentiles (p < 0.001), whereas API distribution did not significantly (p = 0.587). Changes in perineal morphometric parameters and their functional outcomes exhibit clinically meaningful distinctions in pediatric patients with proximal hypospadias. Furthermore, it is suggested that these perineal morphometric measurements should be taken into account in predicting and monitoring constipation status during postoperative follow-up in children with hypospadias.
6. The effect of muscle oxygenation on neuromuscular efficiency and force complexity.
期刊: European journal of applied physiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Muscle oxygen availability influences contractile performance and neuromuscular control, yet it remains unclear whether graded reductions in oxygen saturation at rest elicit proportional impairments in neuromuscular function. This study tested whether progressive decreases in muscle tissue saturation (StO2) alter neuromuscular efficiency (NME) and force complexity during submaximal voluntary contractions. Twenty-nine healthy adults (12 M, 17 F) performed dorsiflexion contractions at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction under four conditions: Control (n = 29) and arterial occlusion targeting 70% (n = 26), 60% (n = 25), and 50% (n = 9) StO2. During each condition, electromyography and force output were collected to assess normalized root mean square, NME, and measures of force variability and complexity. Reductions in StO2 progressively increased neural excitation requirements and decreased NME (both p < 0.001), with greater desaturation associated with greater impairments. Force output became more variable and less complex with declining StO2, as reflected by increased coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis α, and reduced approximate and sample entropy (all p < 0.05). These effects were evident during contractions initiated after minimal prior exertion, i.e., without fatigue, and followed a dose-responsive pattern. These findings demonstrate that muscle oxygenation at rest influences excitation efficiency and disrupts the temporal structure of motor output at the onset of contractions. As StO2 declined, greater neural drive was required to maintain force, and force signals became less complex, suggesting a loss of adaptability in motor unit control. This work highlights the role of oxygen availability in preserving excitation efficiency and maintaining adaptable motor output, with potential clinical relevance for populations with impaired muscle oxygenation.
7. Pathogenic CDKN2A germline variants are rare in a cohort of unselected pancreatic cancer patients from Pakistan.
期刊: Familial cancer 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy, with 10%-20% of cases linked to inherited genetic risk factors. Pathogenic variants (PVs) in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene have been associated with pancreatic cancer among Caucasians. However, data from South Asians are lacking. We investigated the prevalence of CDKN2A germline variants in 200 consecutively and prospectively enrolled, unselected pancreatic cancer patients from Pakistan. Comprehensive variant detection was performed using high-resolution melting analyses followed by DNA sequencing. Novel variants were investigated for pathogenicity using in-silico tools, and potentially functional variants were screened in 200 healthy controls. Five unique CDKN2A variants were identified, including one novel synonymous variant c.285G > T (p.Val95Val), one missense variant c.442G > A (p.Ala148Thr), one intronic variant (c.150 + 32A > T), and two variants (c.29G > C and c.69C > T) in the 3’ untranslated region. No PVs in CDKN2A were detected. All variants were classified as benign, except the novel synonymous variant (p.Val95Val), which was categorized as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) based on in-silico protein function prediction scores (Revel 0.38; PhyloP 2.88). This variant was identified in a 61-year-old male patient of Punjabi ethnicity with Grade 2 periampullary ductal adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular invasion and was absent in 200 healthy controls. Our study showed that CDKN2A PVs are very rare among unselected Pakistani pancreatic cancer patients, suggesting a negligible contribution to inherited pancreatic cancer risk in this population.
8. Employment Five Years After Cancer Diagnosis Among Native and Immigrant Women in Norway.
期刊: Journal of occupational rehabilitation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To compare employment status 5 years post-diagnosis among native Norwegian, Western immigrant, and non-Western immigrant female cancer survivors (CSs) and their matched controls without cancer, who were employed at the time of diagnosis. Participants were categorized into three groups based on data from Statistics Norway: Natives (CSs = 6587, control = 6587), Western immigrants (CSs = 209, control = 209), and non-Western immigrants (CSs = 105, control = 105). Women were aged 30-55 at diagnosis, employed (salaried/self-employed) at baseline, and alive at 5-year follow-up. CSs and controls were matched on age, education, and employment at diagnosis. Associations between cancer status, immigrant background, and employment were analyzed using binary logistic regressions and Firth penalized logistic regression to account for potential bias from small subgroup sizes. At 5 years, female CSs had lower odds of employment compared with controls. Western immigrants did not differ from natives, whereas non-Western immigrants showed reduced employment. Higher income was positively associated with employment, while being married or cohabiting and working in the public sector were linked to higher odds. Interaction terms between cancer survivorship and immigrant background were not significant. Among women employed at baseline, cancer survivorship and non-Western immigrant background were independently associated with lower odds of employment five years later. Tailored employment support is needed for non-Western immigrants to improve long-term outcomes. Interventions should also target employers and workplaces to support employment maintenance among CSs.
9. Clinicoepidemiological Characteristics of Recurrent Intussusception Among Children Younger than 2 Years Hospitalized in Four States in Southern and Western India.
期刊: Indian journal of pediatrics 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess the incidence of recurrent episodes of intussusception in children in southern and western India and identify risk factors associated with recurrence. This multicenter observational study was conducted from August 2019 to December 2022 in children with intussusception aged under 2 y admitted to 21 hospitals in four Indian states: Kerala and Karnataka in southern India and Maharashtra and Gujarat in western India. Clinical, epidemiological, and sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaires, medical records, and radiological reports. A single follow-up was conducted in July 2023 to assess vital status and the incidence of intussusception recurrence. Out of the 1,406 children enrolled with intussusception, 85 were unavailable for follow-up and 55 (4.2%) experienced one or more recurrent episodes during the study period. The median time to the first recurrence was 137 d. The incidence of recurrence was significantly higher in Kerala (40/697; 5.7%) than in the other three states (15/624; 2.4%; p = 0.027). Incessant crying and irritability were significantly more common in recurrent episodes (20/55; 36.4%) than in first episodes (269/1,266; 21.2%; p = 0.009). Radiological reduction was significantly more common in recurrent cases (49/55; 89.1%) than in first-episode cases (988/1,266; 78%; p = 0.039). This study reveals regional and clinical factors associated with recurrence of intussusception and highlights the need for region-specific protocols to optimize treatment and minimize the incidence of recurrence. The reasons for the regional disparities in the incidence of recurrence should be investigated.
10. Genetic characterization and emergence of a novel subgenotype of duck circovirus in South Korea, 2022-2023.
期刊: Archives of virology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
In this study, we examined samples from 135 deceased ducks, collected from 27 farms across South Korea between 2022 and 2023, and determined that the positivity rate for duck circovirus (DuCV) was 66.7%. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 18 DuCV strains from the DuCV-positive farms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 13 of the 18 strains belonged to genotype Ib, while the remaining five strains belonged to genotype Id, marking the first identification of this genotype in Korea. Further phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed that the DuCV-Ib strains could be categorized into two distinct sublineages. Notably, two genotype Ib strains appear to have originated through intra-sublineage recombination. In light of the high prevalence, genetic diversity, and ongoing evolution of DuCVs in domestic duck populations in Korea, these findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance, as well as enhanced disease prevention and control measures.
11. A novel clinical biomarker-based Physiology Healthy Aging Index and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A 20-year prospective cohort study.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Population aging is accelerating worldwide, with 16% projected to be aged ≥ 65 years by 2050. A practical index reflecting overall aging status is needed for population-based research, as existing indices often require specialised or cognitive assessments. We developed a Physiological Healthy Aging Index (PHAI) using accessible biomarkers and evaluated its association with mortality in Korean adults. A total of 6398 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan-Ansung cohort followed up for an average duration of 16.5 years (2001-2022). The PHAI, based on systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, forced vital capacity, and C-reactive protein levels, was scored 0-10, with higher scores indicating healthier aging. Mortality risks across quartiles were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Long-term changes were classified as accelerated (decreased scores), stable (unchanged scores), or resilient (increased scores). During 105,597 person-years, 934 deaths occurred (778 age-related, 353 cancer-related, and 184 cardiovascular-related). Higher PHAI quartiles were linked with significantly lower mortality risk versus Q1. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for Q2, 0.50 (0.42-0.60) for Q3, and 0.51 (0.41-0.63) for Q4 (P for trend < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for age-related mortality (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.40-0.64 for Q4 vs. Q1), cancer (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.92), and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.44). Resilient agers had much lower all-cause mortality than accelerated agers (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.16-0.28), with stable agers also at reduced risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.77). Higher scores also correlated with a lower cognitive impairment risk. The PHAI is a simple, robust predictor of mortality outcomes, supporting its use as a practical tool for assessing physiological aging in public health and clinical settings.
12. The frailty mortality link in people with chronic diseases pertaining to 13 body organ systems: findings from the UK Biobank study.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Frailty in older adults, particularly those with chronic diseases, has a robust association with risk of mortality, but whether this is the case in middle-aged adults is unclear. We examined the frailty-mortality association in middle-aged adults with chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Data on Fried’s frailty phenotype (robust, prefrail, frail) and 47 chronic diseases, mapped to 13 body organ systems, was available on 230,960 participants of the UK Biobank study (mean age 57.8, range 38.0-72.0). The mortality follow-up was 13.3 (± 2.1) years, and associations with mortality were examined using Cox regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors and health behaviours. Compared to the robust group, frailty (HR, 2.32 (95% confidence intervals, 2.21; 2.43)) and prefrailty (1.35 (1.31; 1.39)) in those with diseases in any body organ system had a higher risk of mortality. Frailty was associated with a higher mortality risk for all 13 groups (all p < 0.01); estimates ranged from 2.25 (2.12; 2.39) for circulatory system diseases to 2.97 (2.60; 3.39) for the eye system. The same was the case for prefrailty; estimates ranged from 1.33 (1.23; 1.43) to 1.61 (1.03; 2.51). Between 19 and 34% of the mortality risk in the 13 disease groups could potentially be explained by frailty/prefrailty. Frailty (p < 0.01) and prefrailty (p < 0.01) had stronger associations with mortality in those with diseases affecting multiple organ systems. These findings highlight the importance of frailty in middle-aged adults with chronic diseases, suggesting that a third of the excess risk of mortality could potentially be addressed by improving frailty status.
13. GLP-1 receptor agonist utilization is associated with a low risk of Anesthesia-related complications prior to total joint arthroplasty.
期刊: European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have recently garnered increased attention due to their effectiveness in inducing marked weight loss among overweight and obese adults. Recent evidence, however, has raised concerns about a potential link between GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy and perioperative pulmonary aspiration. In this single-institution retrospective series, we aimed to quantify the incidence of intraoperative and early postoperative complications among patients taking GLP-1 RA before elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA). All patients who underwent primary TJA at our institution between April 2014 and October 2023 were initially screened. Patients were considered eligible for inclusion if they demonstrated consistent preoperative GLP-1 RA utilization. GLP-1 RA medication type, dosage, administration method, and treatment duration were tabulated for each patient. The primary outcomes of interest wereintraoperative anesthesia-related complications, particularly pulmonary aspiration, postoperative medical and surgical complications, and 90-day reoperation. In total, 83 patients demonstrated consistent GLP-1 RA usage before primary TJA. Of these patients, 63 (75.9%) received semaglutide, 19 (22.9%) liraglutide, and 1 (1.2%) tirzepatide. No cases of acute intraoperative pulmonary aspiration were identified. Intraoperative assessment of gastric contents was not routinely performed; however, one patient was noted to have a full stomach requiring nasogastric decompression. This individual was in the dose-escalation phase of treatment, having self-administered 1 mg of semaglutide five days before surgery. Four patients (4.8%) experienced 90-day medical complications, none of which were attributed to GLP-1 RA use, and one patient (1.2%) required reoperation. Despite recent studies suggesting an elevated risk of acute intraoperative pulmonary aspiration, our findings underscore the rare nature of intraoperative anesthesia-related adverse events in TJA patients taking GLP-1 RA.
14. Short-and Long-term Patient Outcomes in Hospitals Primarily Serving Patients with Colorectal Cancer from High-Poverty Areas-An Observational Cohort Study.
期刊: Annals of surgical oncology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Prior evidence indicate that differences in treatment settings between patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) from high-poverty areas (HPA, ≥ 20% residents living under poverty level) and low-poverty areas (LPA) might have contributed to disparities in their health outcomes. We sought to determine whether certain hospitals predominantly provided surgical care for patients with CRC from HPAs and examine associated patient outcomes. We identified patients undergoing surgery for nonmetastatic CRC diagnosed during 1/1/2009-12/31/2019 from SEER-Medicare. We defined poverty-area-serving (PAS) hospitals as hospitals with ≥ 50% patients from HPAs. We compared in-hospital adverse events, 30 day readmission, and long-term mortality between patients from HPAs and LPAs treated at PAS and non-PAS hospitals using logistic and Cox regression. Our cohort included 81,992 patients with CRC (median age = 78 years, 53.8% female, 15.9% in HPAs) treated by 991 hospitals. The 180 (18.2%) PAS hospitals treated 64.2% of patients from HPAs versus 2.6% from LPAs. Compared with patients from LPAs treated at non-PAS hospitals, patients from HPAs treated at PAS hospitals had more frequent in-hospital adverse events (OR[95%CI] = 1.17[1.07-1.29]), 30-day readmission (OR[95%CI] = 1.33[1.20-1.47]), worse all-cause (HR[95%CI] = 1.16[1.10-1.22]), and cancer-specific mortality (HR[95%CI] = 1.23[1.15-1.32]). A group of PAS hospitals treated a significant proportion of patients with CRC from HPAs and few from LPAs and was associated with worse short- and long-term patient outcomes. These findings highlight the presence and negative impact of healthcare segregation by area-level poverty and systemic inequities faced by individuals from HPAs. Multilevel resources are needed to address quality of care and other healthcare-associated needs for individuals from disadvantaged areas.
15. Bridging the Gap in Secondary Antibody Deficiencies: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs in Diagnosis and Management with Immunoglobulin Replacement.
期刊: Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Secondary antibody deficiency (SAD) represents a substantial yet under-recognised global healthcare burden. It is more prevalent than primary antibody deficiency, but frequently under-diagnosed and variably managed worldwide. Prompt diagnosis is often hindered by insufficient awareness among clinicians, lack of global consensus on screening/monitoring for SAD among at-risk patients, inadequate clinical immunology services and lack of standardised referral pathways/protocols. Management practices vary widely, with little international agreement, particularly regarding threshold to initiate immunoglobulin replacement, as well as regimen, dosage and frequency of immunoglobulin administration. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) replacement emerged as a promising alternative to traditional intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) replacement. IVIg requires monthly infusions in inpatient/day-hospital settings leading to high peak serum IgG and subsequent variations with end-of-cycle ‘wear-off effect’, causing more systemic side effects and increased risk of breakthrough infections, and disruption of daily life and employment. While previous evidence was largely derived from primary antibody deficiency, recent comparative studies on SAD patients indicate that SCIg replacement, through weekly self-administered infusions, can achieve more stable and higher trough serum IgG, lower infection rates, fewer systemic adverse reactions and enhanced health-related quality-of-life compared to IVIg. There is also potential cost-savings from the use of SCIg replacement. This review emphasises the urgent need for standardised guidelines on screening/diagnosis and treatment of SAD, and large-scale multi-centre trials and real-world studies on IVIg vs SCIg replacement among SAD patients, which will facilitate better identification, management, and health-outcomes for SAD patients, ultimately alleviating a significant global health challenge through coordinated clinical, research, and policy efforts.
16. Reassessing the Predictive Value of Glycaemic Variability and Systemic Inflammation in Diabetic Atrial Fibrillation.
期刊: QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
17. An Examination of Strategies to Improve Access to Medical Nutrition Therapy among Cancer Patients in the United States: A Narrative Review and a Call to Action.
期刊: Current nutrition reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Our aims were to review literature describing the role and benefits of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in cancer care, highlight barriers to the integration of MNT into standard clinical practice, and investigate strategies to improve access to MNT in the United States (US). Patients with cancer benefit from receiving MNT, including individualized nutrition counseling, oral nutrition supplements, enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition. Recent evidence highlighted the efficacy of MNT in reducing treatment-related toxicity, risk of sarcopenia, gastrointestinal complications, and improving quality of life and overall prognosis. While MNT has been found to be efficacious, its implementation in cancer care is suboptimal due to lack of Medicare coverage for MNT, inadequate nutrition staff, lack of malnutrition screening practices, and low awareness and prioritization of nutrition support among medical professionals. Access to MNT remains limited due to challenges at the patient, healthcare provider, cancer center, community, and policy levels even though MNT is associated with improved outcomes among patients with cancer. Addressing these challenges will require a multi-layered strategy, including educating oncologists and other healthcare providers about nutrition, increasing the number of oncology dietitians, and advocating for legislative changes that pass the MNT Act into action.
18. The 3D Value Framework for Sustainable Access to Effective Antibiotics.
期刊: Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sustainable access to effective antibiotics is a main rationale for addressing antimicrobial resistance, for calls to enhance antibiotic supply security and for development support to promote health system capacity in low- and middle-income settings. Standard models for valuing pharmaceuticals fail to capture the full value of sustainable access to effective antibiotics. In effect, assessments of societal or corporate investments to promote such access underestimate their value and the cost of foregoing them. In effect, measures that could address existing sustainability problems in antibiotic supply systems are hampered. We review the features needed to avoid these problems and assess suggestions to address the flaws of existing approaches, such as the STEDI-model. On this basis, we propose the 3D Value Framework, a straightforward and comprehensive model that focusses directly on what types of valuable outcomes there can be related to having sustainable access to effective antibiotics. We also sketch how this model can be used in cost-effectiveness analysis grounding public decision-making and discuss further applications in other settings.
19. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Relates to Neuroaxonal Degeneration via Tau Pathology and Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a key contributor to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its potential role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression remains unclear. This study analyzed baseline and 5-year follow-up data from 716 participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and 87 participants in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Participants had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LRRK2 or LRRK2 (rs34637584 and rs76904798) genotypes, CSF biomarkers for AD core pathology, microglial activation and synaptic function, and underwent cognitive assessments. The mean age was 72.62 ± 7.34 years for the ADNI and 62.32 ± 9.66 years for the PPMI. The associations between LRRK2 and AD biomarkers were tested in CN, MCI and AD groups. In both ADNI and PPMI, CSF LRRK2 levels were correlated with CSF P-tau, T-tau, NfL, and α-syn. In ADNI, CSF LRRK2 showed correlations with sTREM2, PGRN, TREM2, TREML2, TRML1.ITIM, and Ng. Longitudinally, CSF LRRK2 was only correlated with the MOCA score in PPMI. Across CN, MCI, and AD groups, CSF LRRK2 levels exhibited correlations with sTREM2, PGRN, TREM2, TREML2, TREML1.ITIM, and NfL. The association between CSF LRRK2 and T-tau and P-tau was most pronounced in the MCI stage. Conversely, no significant association was observed between CSF LRRK2 and Aβ42 levels. Additionally, significant indirect effects were found in the TREM2-dependent mediation pathway in ADNI. This study suggests that CSF LRRK2 promotes tau-associated synaptic neurodegeneration, and TREM2-related microglial activation may play an important role.
20. Early detection of proteinuria to prevent kidney fibrosis and progression to kidney failure: lessons from the School Urine Screening Program in Japan.
期刊: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a growing global health challenge, often progressing silently until advanced stages. Persistent proteinuria plays a pivotal role in initiating the fibrotic niche-a complex cellular microenvironment contributing to early kidney fibrosis and closely associated with kidney failure. Despite advancements in CKD management, proteinuria remains underrecognized as a critical surrogate endpoint for disease progression. Urine screening for proteinuria in asymptomatic pediatric populations has been contentious due to concerns about diagnostic reliability, cost-effectiveness, and clinical relevance. However, recent data from Japan present a contrasting perspective. With a well-established nationwide school-based urine screening program, Japan has demonstrated effective early detection and intervention strategies, particularly for conditions such as IgA nephropathy. A 2024 economic evaluation reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio well below Japan’s pediatric willingness-to-pay threshold, affirming the program’s economic and clinical viability. These findings underscore the potential of structured screening protocols-especially in regions with underreported disease prevalence or limited healthcare access-to prevent long-term kidney impairment. Modifiable factors such as screening frequency, age of initiation, and integration of emerging biomarkers must be considered to optimize outcomes. This review highlights the need to revisit the role of proteinuria screening in pediatric nephrology, advocating for evidence-informed policy decisions that recognize its long-term value. Japan’s model offers a robust framework for balancing cost, clinical impact, and public health priorities in global efforts to address CKD in its earliest stages.
21. C-arm-guided percutaneous biopsy combined with mNGS: a dual-modality strategy for optimizing diagnosis and targeted management of spinal infections.
期刊: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
22. Differences in Adolescent Psychological Distress and Perceived Need for Help: Findings From a State Population-Based Survey.
期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Early identification of mental health problems is key to ensuring adolescents receive timely and appropriate support and strengthen their long-term mental health. The current study uses a population-based state survey to answer two research questions: (1) Do adolescents with elevated levels of psychological distress perceive that they need mental health help? and (2) Which adolescent groups are most vulnerable to high levels of distress and perceived need for help? Using data from the 2019 California Health Interview Survey, the estimated population-based sample was 3.1 million adolescents (Mage = 14.6 years; SD = 0.04). Half were female (50.9%); sample was racially and ethnically diverse (Latinx, 40.1%; White, 38%; Asian, 12.8%). California Health Interview Survey included social determinants of health questions, the Kessler-6 psychological distress measure, and a question on perceived need for mental health help. Among youth with moderate or serious psychological distress, 45.5% denied needing mental health help. Adolescents with moderate to distress had higher odds of perceived need than youth with subclinical distress levels (OR = 7.67, p < .001). Compared to males, females had higher odds of having moderate or serious psychological distress (OR = 1.70, p < .05), and a perceived need for help (OR = 3.87, p <.001). White youth had higher odds of serious psychological distress than Asian adolescents, and of perceived need compared to Latinx, Asian, and multiracial adolescents. Although distress and need were seemingly concordant, discrepancies existed as some adolescents experienced clinical-level distress but denied need. Comprehensive screening is critical for systems to connect all adolescents to appropriate supports.
23. Examination of sex differences in fatigability, muscle oxygenation, and neuromuscular responses during low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise.
期刊: European journal of applied physiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Self-reported lactose intolerance is inversely associated with calcium intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional data analysis from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project.
期刊: European journal of nutrition 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
25. The effect of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods on cognitive function: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
The rising prevalence of cognitive disorders highlights the urgent need for effective prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. While adherence to a balanced diet has been associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline, emerging evidence underscores the potential role of plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, with anthocyanins receiving increasing attention. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of anthocyanin-rich interventions on cognitive performance. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of anthocyanin supplementation and cognitive outcomes identified 59 eligible studies. Overall, anthocyanin intervention significantly improved global cognition (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.63, I2 = 0.0%) compared with controls. Domain-specific analyses further revealed significant benefits for visuospatial processing/reasoning and attention (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.55, I2 = 76.3%), processing and psychomotor speed (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.34, I2 = 64.0%), verbal speed and fluency (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.39, I2 = 30.5%), episodic memory (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.50, I2 = 75.9%), and working memory (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.36, I2 = 46.5%). Collectively, these findings suggest that anthocyanin supplementation may improve multiple cognitive domains. Although these results are promising, further well-designed RCTs are needed to validate these outcomes and consolidate the current evidence base.
26. COVID-19-associated large-vessel vasculitis with elevated anti-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 antibody: three cases and a review of the literature.
期刊: Clinical rheumatology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, a growing number of reports suggest an association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and autoimmune diseases, including large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). However, the mechanism remains unclear. This report describes three cases of COVID-19-associated LVV with elevated anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) antibodies. The first case was a 59-year-old man who developed a persistent headache and fever 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. FDG-PET/CT revealed diffuse vascular inflammation extending from the carotid arteries to the abdominal aorta. The second case was a 71-year-old man who presented with prolonged fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Imaging demonstrated vascular wall enhancement and FDG uptake from the thoracic aorta to the iliac aorta. The third case was a 67-year-old man who had persistent fever 10 days after COVID-19, with FDG-PET/CT showing uptake from the ascending aorta to the aortic arch. In all cases, workups for immune and infectious diseases were negative. Symptoms and inflammatory markers resolved spontaneously or with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Serum anti-ACE2 IgG was positive during the active phase in all three patients and became negative during remission. We have encountered three cases of COVID-19-associated LVV with elevated anti-ACE2 antibodies that normalized after clinical remission. There have been multiple reports of LVV following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with onset typically within weeks of infection, and of elevated anti-ACE2 antibody levels in patients with COVID-19-related neurological complications. Further studies are warranted to determine if anti-ACE2 antibodies are associated with the pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 vasculitis.
27. Associations Between County-Level Vape-Free Air Law Coverage and E-Cigarette Use Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents in Monitoring the Future.
期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
We examined whether workplace and hospitality vape-free air law (VAL) population coverage was associated with adolescent e-cigarette use and related disparities in the United States. We analyzed associations between county-level workplace and hospitality VAL coverage (100% vs. <100%) and current e-cigarette use (2014-2022) and first e-cigarette initiation (2015-2022) among US 8th, 10th, and 12th graders using nationally representative, cross-sectional Monitoring the Future data. We implemented weighted, grade-stratified, modified Poisson regression models, adjusted for individual-, county-, and state-level confounding factors, examining disparities by sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, and college educational expectations through two-way interactions. Workplace and hospitality VAL coverage was not associated with adolescent e-cigarette use or initiation overall. However, we did find that VAL coverage was associated with lower current e-cigarette use in some sociodemographic subgroups. Full (100%) hospitality VAL coverage was linked to lower e-cigarette use among male 8th and 12th graders, 12th graders with parents without a bachelor’s degree, Hispanic 8th and 12th graders, and 8th and 12th graders of other races and ethnicities than their peers living in partially covered (<100%) counties. Full hospitality VAL coverage was linked to higher e-cigarette use among non-Hispanic Black 8th graders and non-Hispanic White 12th graders than their peers living in partially covered counties. Though not linked to adolescent e-cigarette use behaviors overall, we found that male adolescents and adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds were more responsive to VAL with associations by race and ethnicity depending on grade and subgroup.
28. Assessing cancer-related mortality risk among people with HIV in Vietnam: A nationwide population study.
期刊: HIV medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite the growing burden of comorbidities, including cancer, among people with HIV, there is a lack of empirical evidence on cancer-related mortality in this vulnerable population in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine cancer mortality rates among people with HIV in Vietnam by cancer type, age and sex and compare them with those in the general population. We analysed nationally representative mortality data from 2005 to 2021, collected via Vietnam’s mandatory mortality registration system. Cancer deaths and HIV status were identified using the ICD-10 codes. People with HIV data were linked to the Vietnam Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS registry. Mortality rates (per 100 000 person-years) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, stratified by age and sex and age-standardized using the World Health Organization standards. Among people with HIV, 253 cancer deaths occurred across 523709 person-years (crude rate 48.3 per 100 000 person-years), compared to 173 592 cancer deaths over 272 million person-years in the general population (crude rate 63.8 per 100 000 person-years) between 2005 and 2021. The age-standardized cancer mortality rate among people with HIV was 50.5 per 100 000 person-years, compared with 110.2 per 100 000 person-years in the general population. However, age-specific analysis revealed that cancer mortality rates among people with HIV under age 50 were significantly higher than those in the general population (MRR = 2.29; 95% CI: 2.01-2.59), predominantly for lung cancer (MRR = 10.5; 95% CI: 8.89, 12.41) and liver cancer (MRR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.40). The highest MRR was observed in the youngest age group (1-29 years; MRR = 5.67; 95% CI: 4.63, 6.93). Although the age-standardized cancer mortality rate among people with HIV was lower than in the general population, people with HIV experience substantially higher cancer mortality among those under age 50, particularly from lung and liver cancers. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated cancer prevention, early detection and treatment strategies for people with HIV in Vietnam.
29. Inequalities in Exclusively Mobile Interventions Targeting Weight-Related Behaviors: Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
期刊: Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Mobile health interventions are promising behavior change tools, but they might benefit deprived populations less due to disparities in intervention uptake, engagement, and effectiveness. Evidence so far mainly stems from clinical trials, which may suffer from selection bias. This systematic review investigated differences in uptake of, engagement with, and effectiveness of exclusively mobile interventions for diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults and real-life contexts. Five databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to November 2023. Records were independently screened by two authors. Observational studies including adults were considered if they reported on uptake, engagement, or effectiveness of an exclusively mobile intervention and examined outcomes by at least one inequality indicator included in the PROGRESS-Plus framework. Of the 9707 identified records, 87 publications reporting on 88 studies were included. Most studies reported on intervention uptake and examined multiple inequality indicators. Younger age and higher socioeconomic position were mostly associated with increased uptake, although these differences did not translate to engagement or effectiveness. Results for other inequality indicators were mixed, and some (e.g., migration and sexual orientation) were rarely studied. Evidence regarding social inequality remains mixed, although some barriers to uptake, such as access to the required technology and digital literacy, exist. Research urgently needs to address potential inequalities beyond age, gender/sex, and socioeconomic position to ensure that mobile interventions do not widen existing health inequalities.
30. Pain and IBD: The Contributing Role of Diet and Nutrition.
期刊: Digestive diseases and sciences 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We explore the impact of diet, nutrition, and malnutrition in the emergence and worsening of pain in patients with IBD, and potential strategies to prevent this complication. We propose that diet may impact pain in IBD through nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic mechanisms. IBD-related nociceptive pain arises from intestinal inflammation, nerve sensitization, obstruction, and pressure due to chronic remodeling and strictures. Neuropathic pain in IBD may result from vitamin and micronutrient malabsorption. Surgery can leave patients with IBD particularly prone to vitamin B12 deficiency due to anatomical changes that hinder absorption. Nociplastic pain occurs through central pain sensitization and the experience of pain in the absence of inflammation and other known organic causes. The epidemiologic identification of a Western diet high in ultra-processed foods being associated with both IBD as well as neuropsychiatric illness may contribute to increased pain perception in patients through the gut-brain-axis. We highlight actionable clinical factors linking diet and nutrition to pain in IBD, along with emerging hypotheses on the complex interplay between diet, its prebiotic effects on the microbiome and metabolome, and disorders of gut-brain interaction that may exacerbate pain.
31. From clutter to confidence: home environmental triggers and adaptive solutions for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
期刊: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often triggered by home environmental factors such as cluttered or poorly lit spaces. Despite growing recognition of these factors, home environmental adaptations (HEA) remain an underexplored yet modifiable domain in FOG management. This scoping review synthesises current evidence on HEA and their potential to mitigate FOG by addressing environmental triggers and enhancing person-environment fit. It highlights case examples, summarises literature on environmental triggers, and discusses multidisciplinary assessment and intervention roles. Despite the significant impact of home environmental factors, recognition amongst neurologists is limited, leading to missed opportunities for intervention. Proactive home environment assessments and early referrals to multidisciplinary teams, including movement disorder specialists and therapists, are essential for comprehensive care. These interventions can identify modifiable home environmental triggers, reduce the frequency of FOG episodes, and minimise fall risks. However, barriers such as limited clinician awareness, resource constraints, and psychosocial resistance impede widespread implementation. Promoting neurologists’ recognition of environmental influences on FOG and encouraging timely multidisciplinary referrals are crucial for optimising functional outcomes and quality of life in PD. Integrating environmental assessment into routine care, alongside patient and family education, is key to comprehensive FOG management.
32. The role of FIS1 and its post-translational modifications in diseases and health damage caused by environmental pollution.
期刊: Cell biology and toxicology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1) is present in the cytoplasm and can be transported to the outer mitochondrial membrane. It can interact with DRP1 (Dynamin-Related Protein 1) to mediate mitochondrial fission and fusion, and most of the studies on FIS1 have centered on FIS1-DRP1 mitochondrial fission. However, more and more studies are now showing that FIS1 is not only involved in mitochondrial fission, but also plays a role in mitophagy, peroxisomal dynamics, and lysosomes. Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins enables proteins to perform distinct functions and exhibit diverse properties, thereby creating multiple possibilities for many proteins. The post-translational modification of FIS1 protein is associated with the occurrence of many diseases. Environmental pollution has become a serious public health problem that affects people’s health. The role of FIS1 in human health caused by environmental pollutants is worth in-depth study and exploration.
33. Ceralasertib, an ATR kinase inhibitor, as monotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced solid malignancies: Results from a phase 1 study.
期刊: Investigational new drugs 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ceralasertib is an oral, selective, and potent inhibitor of ATR serine/threonine kinase, a key protein involved in cell cycle checkpoint regulation and DNA damage response. We report preliminary safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data of ceralasertib monotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. In this phase 1, open-label study, patients orally received ceralasertib twice daily 240 mg on days 1-7 (Cohort 1) or 160 mg on days 1-14 (Cohort 2) of a 28-day cycle, respectively; both cohorts also received a single ceralasertib dose 4 days before Cycle 1. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years with solid malignancies refractory to standard therapies or for which no standard therapy exists. The primary objective was to determine ceralasertib safety; secondary objectives included assessing antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory objectives included biomarker analysis. Twelve of 14 patients screened received ceralasertib. At data cutoff (August 17, 2023), all 12 patients had experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (AE; grade ≥ 3, n = 3). One patient in each cohort had a dose-limiting toxicity; no AE-related deaths were reported. In total, 6 patients had a best objective response of stable disease (Cohort 1, n = 2; Cohort 2, n = 4). A trend suggesting dose-proportional increases in exposure following single and multiple administration of ceralasertib was observed. Ceralasertib monotherapy was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. The small number of patients enrolled prevents definitive conclusions on the efficacy of ceralasertib monotherapy to be made. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05469919. Registration date: May 18, 2022.
34. UBC9 mediates mitophagy to attenuate oxidative stress by regulating SUMOylation of PINK1 in the Parkinson's disease progression.
期刊: Cell biology and toxicology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. UBC9 is related to the formation of several cancers. Nevertheless, the function of UBC9 in PD and the potential mechanisms are vague. MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-treated C57BL/6 mice were applied to induce PD models. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8, EdU and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. JC-1 staining and fluorescent probes DCFH-DA were employed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production. The SOD, GSH and MDA content were determined by the commercially kits. SUMOylation of PINK1 were predicted by SUMOplot and verified by co-IP/Western blot. Mitophagy-related proteins, SUMO enzymes, and TH were analyzed by qRT-PCR/Western blot. LC3 expression was detected via immunofluorescence staining. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to detect autophagy. MPTP-induced brain injury was evaluated using Nissl staining, IHC and TUNEL assay. Motor function was observed via open field test and pole test. PINK1 and UBC9 were low-expressed in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. UBC9 mediated PINK1 SUMOylation. UBC9 overexpression promoted cell viability and reduced cells apoptosis in MPP+-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, which was reversed after PINK1 silence or CsA treatment. Moreover, UBC9 overexpression counteracted MPP+-induced mitophagy, and oxidative stress. However, these findings were reversed by CsA or PINK1 silencing. PINK1 bound SUMO1 at the K522, K363 and K193 sites, further regulating cells viability and apoptosis. In MPTP-treated mice, UBC9 overexpression alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and motor deficits via PINK1 SUMOylation. UBC9 mediated mitophagy to attenuate MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress by regulating PINK1 SUMOylation, suggesting that UBC9 may play a preventive role in PD progression.
35. Bornyl Acetate and Menthol Provide Neuroprotection Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Condition in C57BL/6 Mice by Downregulating NARC-1 Lipid Antagonist.
期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that causes Aβ deposition and cognitive impairments. Anti-cholinesterase and anti-depressant drugs are used as medications; however, their side effects spotlight the need for alternate treatments. Bornyl acetate and menthol are monoterpenes with bioactive potential investigated against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice. In our study, we analysed various behavioural changes along with memory activities as well as assessed neuronal damage, acetylcholinesterase activity, amyloid deposition, mitochondrial membrane integrity, calcium deposition and oxidation derivatives. In addition, we also examined gene and protein expression associated with lipid dysfunction in neuroinflammation. Our findings revealed that monoterpenes such as bornyl acetate and menthol potentially improved LPS-induced behaviour changes and cognitive activities. In addition, these compounds have the potential effects against amyloid plaque formation, calcium build-up, mitochondrial membrane damage and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls and advanced glycation end products) in the LPS-injected C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with bornyl acetate and menthol also inhibited neural apoptosis-regulated convertase (NARC-1)/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) by upregulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-1 protein expression. Cholesterol oxidation genes, including 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 & 2, as well as proinflammatory microglial, apoptotic and amyloidogenic protein and gene expression, were decreased respectively when treated with monoterpenes while promoting the upregulation of anti-inflammatory. Based on the results, we concluded that these compounds can potentially target and prevent neuroinflammation, including Alzheimer’s disease.
36. Burden, sociodemographic determinants, and risk factors of urinary stone disease in Mexico: a comprehensive study.
期刊: Urolithiasis 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Urinary stone disease (USD) is a growing global health concern, yet its prevalence and burden in Mexico remain poorly characterized. Limited epidemiological data hinder public health planning and the development of preventive strategies. To provide a comprehensive assessment of USD prevalence, geographic distribution, and associated risk factors in Mexico, and to explore the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and healthcare determinants. A two-phase study was conducted, including (1) an ecological analysis of the 2018 Health and Nutrition National Survey (n = 43,070) and official national datasets, and (2) a systematic review of English- and Spanish-language literature, including gray literature (2012-2024). Correlations between USD prevalence and human development, income inequity, healthcare access, diet quality, and climate were analyzed. Risk factors and metabolic abnormalities were extracted and pooled from included studies. Nationwide USD prevalence was 33.2 per 1,000 persons, peaking in adults aged 50-70 years. The highest prevalence occurred in Yucatan (72.2), Mexico City (61.5), and the Gulf Coast (Tabasco and Veracruz). Obesity [OR 1.69], type 2 diabetes [OR 1.68], and hypertension [OR 2.04] were significantly associated with USD. Prevalence correlated with lower human development (r = -0.39), higher income inequity (r = 0.49), poverty (r = 0.37), limited healthcare access (r = -0.39), poor diet quality (r = -0.42), and higher temperatures (average r = 0.47; maximum r = 0.44). The systematic review (16 studies, n = 3,073) identified metabolic syndrome (52%), obesity (46%), hypocitraturia (59%), and hypercalciuria (37%) as common risk factors. USD affects millions of Mexicans, with marked geographic and socioeconomic disparities. The disease burden is likely underestimated, creating significant clinical, economic, and public health challenges. Urgent strategies targeting prevention, early detection, equitable access to care, and modifiable risk factors are essential to reduce morbidity, recurrence, and societal impact.
37. Metabolomics approach to physiological adaptive mechanisms in repetitive confined-water scuba diving under mild hyperoxia using 1H-NMR.
期刊: European journal of applied physiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
38. Effects of enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole on Haematococcus lacustris.
期刊: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
39. Drought and record wildfires during the 3-year La Niña: assessing air pollution impacts in Northeastern Mexico.
期刊: Environmental monitoring and assessment 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) in Northeastern Mexico, already burdened by significant industrial pollution, experienced a severe drought crisis during the 2020-2023 triple-dip La Niña. This prolonged climate anomaly triggered three major fire episodes in the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), sharply increasing particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations. To assess the impact of wildfire emissions on urban pollution, this study integrates ground-based air quality and meteorological measurements, satellite-derived data (VIIRS fire radiative power and MODIS aerosol optical depth), drought indicators from the North American Drought Monitor (NADM), and dispersion modeling using Nonparametric Wind Regression (NWR). Fire-attributable contributions increased by up to 53.3 μ gm - 3 for PM10 and 12.8 μ gm - 3 for PM2.5, frequently exceeding both Mexican and WHO air quality standards. On average, the three wildfires accounted for relative increases of 110% in PM10 and 49% in PM2.5 compared to non-fire conditions. These increases were linked to wind-driven smoke transport from the SMO to the MMA, demonstrating that three megafires substantially degraded urban air quality during a period of extreme drought. As climate change is expected to increase the frequency of multi-year ENSO episodes, thereby prolonging droughts and intensifying wildfire occurrence, our findings underscore the urgent need to incorporate biomass burning aerosol emissions into air quality management strategies and health impact assessments in other regions experiencing similar conditions.
40. Fe,Zr-MOF Nanozyme-Enhanced Dual-Recognition System: Integrating Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Aptamers for Colorimetric Detection of Chlorpyrifos.
期刊: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) poses severe environmental and health risks, driving the need for on-site monitoring tools. This study presents a novel dual-recognition colorimetric sensor for ultrasensitive detection of CPF by coimmobilizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and aptamers onto bimetallic Fe,Zr-MOF composites. The resulting Fe,Zr-MOF/Apt/MIP hybrid synergistically merges the structural robustness of MIPs with the conformational specificity of aptamers, while also functioning as both a nanocarrier and a peroxidase mimic. Notably, CPF binding sterically hinders substrate diffusion to catalytic sites, enabling quantitative detection via dose-dependent inhibition of TMB oxidation. The optimized sensor exhibits exceptional performance: a broad linear range (1-120 ng mL-1), ultralow detection limit (0.105 ng mL-1), and high specificity against interferents. When validated with complex matrices (apples, pears, and cabbage), it achieved satisfactory recoveries (91.0-110.0%). This work establishes a field-deployable strategy for on-site pesticide monitoring in food and environmental safety.
41. Highly Sensitive and Stable CeLaCuO/Ni-BTC MOF-Based Humidity Sensor for Plant Monitoring.
期刊: ACS applied materials & interfaces 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Herein, we report a high-performance humidity sensor based on oxygen-vacancy-rich CeLaCuO integrated with a porous Ni-BTC metal-organic framework (MOF). Compared with the single CeLaCuO and Ni-BTC sensors, the CeLaCuO/Ni-BTC composite sensor exhibits a higher response value (24% @ 32% relative humidity (RH)), lower hysteresis (0.465%RH), faster response/recovery time (24.5/47.8 s), and enhanced long-term stability (<2.6% over 60 days). Moreover, it achieves a high sensitivity of S ≈ 1.35/%RH with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9868) across 11-63% RH and demonstrates a very low temperature cross-sensitivity between 25 and 100 °C (<0.35%). These improved performance properties are attributed to abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov) in the CeLaCuO structure that provide active sites for water adsorption and H+/H3O+ species generation for fast ionic conduction. The high-surface-area Ni-BTC framework enhances water uptake and facilitates efficient charge transfer at the oxide-MOF interface. The lab-fabricated composite sensor also demonstrates real-world applicability in a microclimate chamber for monitoring the microclimate surrounding the Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) plant, where lower humidity (<60%) can cause plant stress and reduce yield. The proposed sensor placed on the plant shows a good response for various humidity levels at 43%, 51%, and 63% RHs, respectively. Moreover, the results show that, at 63% RH, plants exhibited optimal transpiration, allowing efficient water and nutrient uptake, resulting in healthy leaf morphology with minimal stress. Thus, the proposed sensors hold strong potential as next-generation real-time humidity sensors with practical applications in agriculture, smart greenhouses, environmental monitoring, and indoor climate control.
42. Health Hazards of E-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products: a Comprehensive Analysis of Hazardous Substances and Regulatory Gaps.
期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
During use of Electronic Cigarettes (ECs) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs), their ingredients and products formed during heating are aerosolized and inhaled. Hazard information is often unavailable. Our objective was to identify and classify substances in the ingredients or emissions of ECs and HTPs, based on scientific hazard classifications. Ingredient data were collected from the European Union Common Entry Gate (EU-CEG), a mandatory notification system for tobacco and related products in the EU. Substances in EC or HTP emissions were identified with a systematic literature review and classified into three categories based on existing health hazard classifications. Category 1 substances (highest potential health hazard) were regarded as high-priority substances for research and quantification. Categories 2 and 3 included potentially harmful substances and substances lacking sufficient toxicological data respectively. 134 of the 1740 identified substances were classified in Category 1. Several substances possess Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, or Reprotoxic properties, prohibited as tobacco additives. Most substances lacked sufficient toxicity data and were classified in Category 3. Our classification can be used for monitoring and enforcement, ensuring proactive management of potential risks. Therefore, we recommend strengthening the enforcement of existing bans. This study identifies and classifies 1740 substances found in the ingredients and emissions of ECs and HTPs, including, 134 hazardous chemicals, among which are carcinogens, mutagens and reproduction toxicants. This indicates regulatory gaps and the need for stricter enforcement of existing bans. The findings provide a valuable tool for policymakers and public health professionals for monitoring and mitigating risks.
43. Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities and Sleep in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study.
期刊: Clinical gerontologist 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To examine whether satisfaction with meaningful activities (MA) is associated with self-rated sleep quality and sleep duration among community-dwelling older adults. Data were drawn from 833 individuals aged ≥65 years who participated in a health survey between 2018 and 2019 in Japan. Sleep quality (good, moderate, or poor) and duration ( < 6, 6-8, or ≥8 h) were assessed through a questionnaire. Participants selected the MA they considered most meaningful from a list of 95 activities in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice, and their satisfaction with these MA were measured. Ordinal logistic regression analysis, with sleep quality or duration as the dependent variable and satisfaction with MA as the independent variable, showed that higher satisfaction with MA was significantly associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97, p = .03), but not with sleep duration. However, the association was not significant in sensitivity analyses that reversed the model. Satisfaction with MA may be associated with better sleep quality in older adults. Evaluating and enhancing satisfaction with MA may help identify older adults at risk of poor sleep quality, indicating that MA may be useful in supporting sleep.
44. Sociodemographic Factors, Comorbidities, and Biochemical Parameters Associated With Poor Adherence to Antihypertensive Treatment Among University Employees From Southeast Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study.
期刊: Blood pressure 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment is one of the leading causes of life-threatening complications in individuals with hypertension. Therefore, investigating the factors involved is essential. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and biochemical parameters associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment among university employees in southeastern Mexico. A total of 259 hypertensive employees were included and grouped according to their level of adherence-high, moderate, or poor- using the MMAS-8 Scale. For group comparisons, the Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. To quantify the strength of these associations, a univariate binary logistic regression was performed, considering those variables that were significant in the preliminary comparative analyses. Additionally, to reinforce these observations, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the discriminative ability of biochemical parameters significantly associated with treatment adherence. A higher prevalence of hypertensive employees with low educational and occupational status was observed in the poor-adherence group, with obesity and dyslipidaemia being the most frequent comorbidities among them. Elevated blood glucose, uric acid, and lipid levels were also significantly associated with poor adherence (p < 0.001). Educational institutions and healthcare systems should pay special attention to this working population, including, among other measures, medical follow-up, periodic monitoring of biochemical parameters, and the implementation of lifestyle changes. What is the context?High blood pressure is a common condition that increases the risk of serious health problems like heart disease and stroke. Taking medication regularly is essential to prevent these life-threatening outcomes, but many people have trouble following their treatment correctly. Among university staff, workload, the academic environment, and individual factors may hinder proper treatment adherence.What is the study about?This study looked at 259 university employees in southeastern Mexico who have high blood pressure. Researchers wanted to understand which social and health factors were related to not taking blood pressure medication as prescribed. Participants were grouped based on how well they followed their treatment—high, moderate, or poor adherence—using a standardized questionnaire.What are the results?The study found that employees with lower education and lower-level job positions were more likely to poorly follow their treatment. Health problems like obesity and high lipids were also more common in this group. Additionally, people who didn’t stick to their treatment had higher levels of blood sugar and uric acid in their blood. These results highlight the need for regular medical check-ups, health education, and support for lifestyle changes in university settings to improve blood pressure management.
45. Workplace support, wellbeing and intention to leave among lone working healthcare assistants providing palliative and end-of-life care in the community: A mixed methods study.
期刊: Palliative medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Healthcare assistants play a critical role in providing palliative and end-of-life care in the community across many healthcare systems internationally. Despite working alone in emotionally demanding and unpredictable settings, no research has examined their psychological wellbeing or factors influencing turnover. To investigate the correlations between mental wellbeing, intention to leave their role and workplace support in lone working healthcare assistants providing palliative and end-of-life care in the community. Explanatory sequential mixed methods study, using cross-sectional survey (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Turnover Intention Scale, project team-developed questions), followed by interviews. Quantitative data analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, qualitative data analysed using framework approach. Lone working healthcare assistants from a UK non-profit organisation providing palliative and end-of-life care. Among 218 survey respondents (22.5% response rate), 80% (n = 174) reported average to high mental wellbeing (mean = 52.2, SD = 8.6). Intention to leave was low (mean = 14.9, SD = 5.3). Higher wellbeing correlated with lower intention to leave (r(216) = -0.25, p < 0.001). Interviews (n = 14) and survey data revealed support from known individuals, particularly line managers, was most valued and accessed by 87.2% of respondents, significantly associated with higher wellbeing and lower turnover intention. Clinical supervision and peer support were frequently accessed and valued, though impact on wellbeing and retention varied. Anonymous online support services remained largely unused despite high awareness. The study challenges assumptions about psychological distress experienced by this workforce while showing that targeted, personalised workplace support strategies could be key to retention, offering evidence-based pathways for strengthening workforce sustainability.
46. Unexplored dimension of shift work: the effects of late-early shifts on nurses and their wellbeing - a qualitative study.
期刊: BMC nursing 发表日期: 2025-Dec-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate nurses’ perceptions of the effects of late-early shifts on their overall wellbeing including physical and mental health. Nurses work long hour shifts with short breaks in between to provide 24-hour care in a healthcare setting. Little is known about nurses’ perception of counterclockwise (CCW) rotating shifts, mainly the late-early shift. This study delves into nurses’ views on late-early shifts in three South Australian private hospitals. An exploratory, qualitative design. Four focus group interviews, each with five nurses from three private hospitals in South Australia, were conducted post-ethical approval. Qualitative data underwent manual thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Participants reported impacts on physical and mental health, unhealthy food habits, and social and work environment challenges associated with late-early shifts. These effects may be mitigated through interventions like extended breaks between shifts, reduced workload, and additional support. The late-early shift has detrimental effects on nurses’ wellbeing. This led nurses to opt for casual work, practice “quiet quitting,” or pursue nursing roles that accommodate their preferred shift schedules. Research indicates that well-rested nurses provide quality patient care and improve health outcomes. Optimal scheduling and incentives play a vital role in enhancing nurses’ health and retention of the nursing workforce. This paper explicitly explores the experience of nurses working late-early shifts in private hospitals in South Australia. Not applicable.
47. Toxoplasma Gondii In Shepherds and Cheesemakers - A Case-Control Study on Sheep-Associated Occupational Exposure in Central Portugal.
期刊: Journal of agromedicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
The primary objective of this study was to determine if workers occupationally exposed (WOE) to sheep, specifically shepherds and cheesemakers in central Portugal, are more likely to be seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG compared to the general population. Additionally, the study aimed to explore potential differences in seropositivity between shepherds and cheesemakers, while evaluating age, gender, and activity as possible risk factors for T. gondii infection. A total of 96 WOE, including 21 shepherds and 75 cheesemakers, were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The control group consisted of 192 sera samples from blood donors matched by age, gender, and residence. Chi-square tests with Yates correction were used to compare seroprevalence between WOE and the general population, and between shepherds and cheesemakers. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential associations between T. gondii seropositivity and factors such as activity, gender, and age. The overall seroprevalence was 63.5% in the WOE and 52.6% in the general population, with no statistically significant difference (p = .101). Among WOE, 52.4% of shepherds and 66.7% of cheesemakers were seropositive, with no significant difference between the two groups (p = .344). Univariate and multivariable analyses indicated neither activity, age, nor gender were significant risk factors for seropositivity in the case population. The study did not find a significant increased risk of T. gondii seropositivity among shepherds and cheesemakers compared to the general population. While high seroprevalence was observed in both groups, other factors unrelated to occupational exposure may be influencing the risk of T. gondii infection. More research is needed, particularly focusing on cheesemakers, to further explore potential occupational health risks related to T. gondii.
48. Association between parasport participation and hand function in wheelchair users with chronic spinal cord disorders: a cross-sectional pilot study.
期刊: BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
49. Application of the occupational therapy program based on PEO model in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
期刊: Trials 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
Delirium is a transient state of confusion caused by multiple causes in the intensive care unit (ICU), characterized by impaired consciousness and altered cognitive function. Non-pharmacological measures are effective measures to prevent delirium in the ICU, including occupational therapy, early mobilization, environmental improvement, and correction of hearing and vision. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of occupational therapy regimens based on the Person-Environment-Occupation model (PEO) to reduce the incidence of delirium and improve the prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation in elderly people in ICU. This study is a single-center, randomized, controlled trial. We randomized 52 elderly mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU in a 1:1 ratio into conventional delirium care (control group) and occupational therapy (experiment group). Randomization will be conducted using the sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelope (SNOSE) technique. The duration of treatment is from patient enrollment to patient discharge or return to baseline functional independence. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium, which was assessed using Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Secondary outcome measures were duration of delirium, ability of daily living, length of ICU stay, grip strength, duration of mechanical ventilation, cognitive status, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to assess patients’ functional status before and after training. This study will investigate whether occupational therapy based on the PEO model affects the incidence and functional outcomes of delirium in elderly mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. This study will provide new and important evidence on how to optimize outcomes in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation in the ICU. ChiCTR2500095640. Registered on January 9, 2025. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=257005.
50. Effects of finerenone on arterial stiffness and cardiorenal biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a randomised placebo-controlled mechanistic trial (FIVE-STAR).
期刊: Cardiovascular diabetology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
The mechanisms underlying cardiorenal benefits of finerenone remain unclear. This mechanistic trial aimed to evaluate the effects of finerenone on vascular stiffness, as assessed using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and cardiorenal biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eligible patients with T2D and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 25 to < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2; urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR], 30 to < 3500 mg/g Cr) were randomly allocated to receive either dose-adjusted finerenone or matching placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in CAVI at week 24. The key secondary endpoint was the proportional change in UACR from baseline over 24 weeks. As an exploratory analysis, changes in circulating proteins were measured by using the Olink® Target 96 Cardiovascular III and Inflammation panels. This investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, two-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted at 13 sites in Japan. Among 102 patients randomised, 101 (66.3% men; median age, 73 years; eGFR, 56.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; and UACR, 193.8 mg/g Cr) were analysed. Changes in CAVI at week 24 were - 0.023 (95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.299 to 0.254) for finerenone and 0.011 (95% CI, - 0.245 to 0.267) for placebo. The group difference was - 0.057 (95% CI, - 0.428 to 0.314; P = 0.760). Compared with placebo, finerenone led to a 29% reduction in UACR levels at weeks 12 (group ratio 0.706 [95% CI, 0.504 to 0.989; P = 0.043]) and 24 (0.709 [95% CI, 0.506 to 0.994; P = 0.046]). Finerenone also resulted in an early and sustained eGFR decline over 24 weeks, without increasing levels of urinary biomarkers of acute tubular injury. Finerenone, compared with placebo, was associated with nominal changes in the expression of 11 proteins among the 181 circulating proteins tested. Finerenone did not affect changes in vascular stiffness but led to a significant and sustained reduction in albuminuria in patients with T2D and CKD. The clinical benefits of finerenone may result from lowering intraglomerular pressure rather than from its effect on vascular stiffness. ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05887817) and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs021230011).
51. Comparison of Kidney Allograft Outcomes in Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Versus Kidney After Liver Transplantation Since the Safety Net Era.
期刊: Clinical transplantation 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Criteria for simultaneous liver kidney transplantation (SLKT) have undergone several iterations. In August 2017, the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) created specific criteria for SLKT allocation and established a “safety net” protocol to allocate kidney allografts for liver transplant recipients with persistent renal dysfunction within the first year after liver transplantation (KALT). Published studies that evaluated patient and kidney allograft survival have applied the “safety net” criteria retrospectively to time periods prior to enactment of the policy. We aimed to assess kidney allograft outcomes in those who underwent KALT compared to those who underwent SLKT during the actual “safety net” era. This retrospective cohort study included adults (≥18 years) receiving a primary kidney transplant via SLKT or safety net KALT from 2018 to 2021, captured in the OPTN database. Patients receiving multiple organs other than kidney-liver, a kidney from a living donor, a split liver, or sequential or en bloc kidney transplant were excluded. Study outcomes, including kidney allograft survival, patient survival, eGFR and kidney rejection, were compared by KALT versus SLKT post-kidney transplant. Differences in eGFR and rejection for KALT versus SLKT were then assessed in a propensity score analysis (nearest neighbor matching [n = 4]) to estimate the conditional average treatment effect. Between January 2018 and December 2021, 2620 patients underwent SLKT, and 526 underwent KALT by the safety net policy. Those who underwent KALT had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus (36.3% vs. 43.2%, p = 0.003). Alcohol as a reason for liver transplantation was higher in KALT versus SLKT (43.0 vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001). Recipients of KALT compared to SLKT had a higher prevalence of dialysis prior to transplant (73.2% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.001) with a higher median number of months of dialysis time (9.0 vs. 4.9 months, p < 0.001). At 1-year post-kidney transplant, KALT versus SLKT observed similar kidney allograft survival rates (97.7% [95%CI 96.0-98.7] vs. 96.8% [95%CI 96.0-97.4], p = 0.43) but higher patient survival rates (96.7% [95%CI 94.8-98.0] vs. 93.9% [95%CI 92.9-94.8] at 1 year [p = 0.02]). Those with KALT consistently had lower eGFR at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after kidney transplantation. The mean difference at 1 year was -6.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: -8.5 to -4.7, p < 0.001) in the unadjusted and -4.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: -7.0 to -2.4, p < 0.001) in the propensity score matched analysis. At the longest follow-up of 3 years, the mean difference remained -6.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95%CI: -8.8 to -3.7, p < 0.001) in the unadjusted and -3.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: -6.5 to -1.1, p = 0.005) in the propensity score matched analysis. While those with KALT had higher observed rates of rejection than SLKT throughout the period of 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years, propensity score matched analyses (adjusting for age, cPRA, HLA mismatch) did not show significant differences in rejection at all time points. While kidney allograft survival was similar, KALT recipients had significantly lower eGFR than their SLKT counterparts. Currently, there are inadequate data to determine if these findings can be attributed to differences in rejection rates, and longer-term follow-up of kidney allograft outcomes is needed.
52. Thrombomodulin and CXCL6 Altered Expression in Preeclampsia: Serum-Placental Biomarker Correlations and Clinical Significance.
期刊: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
We aimed to examine the expression levels of thrombomodulin (THBD) and C-X-C motif ligand 6 (CXCL6/GCP-2) in the serum and placental tissues of pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) and assess their clinical significance. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort comprising 96 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (PE) and 119 healthy pregnant counterparts was selected from Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, encompassing January 2024 to December 2024. The levels of THBD and CXCL6 in serum and placental tissues were assessed. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between two groups, and the Spearman test was used to evaluate the risk factors for PE via correlation analysis. Serum THBD and CXCL6 levels were significantly elevated in the PE group compared to controls (p < 0.001), with a positive correlation between the two markers (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated reduced THBD and CXCL6 expression in placental syncytiotrophoblasts (p < 0.05), alongside diminished THBD immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified CXCL6, uric acid (UA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as independent risk factors for PE, while albumin (Alb) emerged as a protective factor (p < 0.05). In pregnant women with PE, the serum levels of THBD and CXCL6 are increased, whereas their expression in placental tissue is decreased. CXCL6 emerges as an independent risk factor for PE, with expression patterns independent of gestational age confounding, while THBD shows PE-specific gestational age-related effects that provide additional insights into disease pathophysiology. These findings indicate that the inflammatory response and insufficient trophoblast invasion may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PE, providing a new theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and targeted intervention of PE.
53. The Risk of Transmission of Genetic Prion Diseases is Greater Than 50.
期刊: European journal of neurology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Inherited prion diseases follow autosomal dominant inheritance with a theoretical 50% transmission risk per pregnancy. Transmission ratio distortion (TRD)-deviation from expected Mendelian ratios-has been documented in other genetic disorders but never systematically studied in prionopathies. We aimed to determine whether TRD occurs in families with inherited prion diseases-specifically familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease due to the p.E200K variant and fatal familial insomnia caused by the p.D178N variant-and to assess whether transmission patterns differ by parent sex. We analyzed 24 pedigrees (12 per variant) comprising 65 nuclear families with 151 offspring. Transmission ratios were calculated and compared to expected 50% Mendelian inheritance using generalized estimating equations. Sex-specific transmission patterns were evaluated for both maternal and paternal carriers. Overall transmission rates were 67.1% for p.D178N (95% CI: 56.3%-77.9%, p < 0.05) and 70.5% for p.E200K (95% CI: 60.4%-80.6%, p < 0.001), representing deviations from expected Mendelian ratios. Sex-specific analysis revealed maternal transmission of 67.5% for p.D178N (p < 0.05) and 67.3% for p.E200K (p < 0.05). Paternal transmission showed 66.7% for p.D178N (p = 0.056) and 78.3% for p.E200K (p < 0.05), with the latter showing pronounced paternal bias. This study provides the first systematic evidence of TRD in inherited prion diseases, with both variants showing clinically meaningful deviations from Mendelian inheritance. These findings challenge current genetic counseling assumptions of 50% inheritance risk and suggest that actual transmission probabilities are 17%-21% higher than traditionally estimated. Risk assessment protocols for prion diseases require updating to incorporate variant-specific and sex-specific transmission patterns, particularly the strong paternal bias observed with p.E200K.
54. Condition-Dependent Feather Color Change and Condition-Independent Pheomelanin Loss in the Barn Swallow.
期刊: Zoological science 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Feather coloration changes over time, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, using the reddish throat feathers of the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, a well-known sexually selected trait, we examined whether within-season feather color change reflected the change of the major pigment, pheomelanin. As predicted, the reddish feathers faded over time, as their coloration became significantly less red with increasing intervals from the initial capture date to recapture date. Likewise, the pheomelanin content of these feathers significantly decreased with increasing intervals between captures. Neither feather color change nor pheomelanin content change depended on study year, sex, or initial capture date. However, feather color change, but not pheomelanin content change, depended on body condition at the initial capture. This condition-dependent feather color change, together with the condition-independent pheomelanin loss, indicates that seasonal change of the major pigment is insufficient to explain the observed patterns of feather color change. Future study should pay attention to additional colorants that may impact the signal honesty of animal coloration.
55. Mindfulness-Based Programmes for Work Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
期刊: Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Employers and universities globally subsidise access to mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) for their employees and students to improve work performance, despite unclear evidence. This paper offers the highest quality synthesis of MBPs’ impact on work performance in academic and occupational settings to date (PROSPERO #191756). On 2nd August 2024, we searched eight databases. The primary outcome was task performance-the quantity and quality of completed tasks assigned to the individual. Secondary outcomes were contextual performance, adaptive performance, and counter-productive behaviour. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and appraised risks of bias. We conducted pairwise random-effects meta-analyses of 99 studies (N = 16,054). MBPs were found to improve task performance at post-intervention compared to passive control groups (k = 22, Hedges’ g = 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.44, p = 0.01, I2 = 81.48%) but not compared to active control groups (k = 4, Hedges’ g = 0.12, 95% CI -0.3-0.55, p = 0.43, I2 = 62.87%). MBPs improved adaptive performance and contextual performance. Effects may last several months. Confidence in the review results, per Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), is very low.