公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-12-14)
共收录 62 篇研究文章
1. Depth-Wise Changes in Tibial and Femoral Human Knee Joint Cartilage at Different Severities of Osteoarthritis.
期刊: Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Articular cartilage undergoes structural and compositional changes during osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common joint diseases. Earlier research shows that these changes are dependent on species and joint site, and they also vary across cartilage depth. In this study, we analyzed the depth-wise proteoglycan and collagen contents, as well as collagen fibril orientation angle and fibril alignment in human tibial and femoral cartilage at different severities of osteoarthritis. Samples were divided into normal cartilage, moderate OA cartilage, and severe OA cartilage based on OARSI grade. Consistent with earlier research, proteoglycan and collagen contents were generally lower in samples of greater OA severity, with the notable exception of a higher collagen content in femoral severe OA cartilage. Femoral severe OA cartilage had considerably lower proteoglycan content than femoral normal or moderate OA cartilage, and its collagen fibril orientation and anisotropy became more uniform throughout cartilage thickness. Qualitative analysis between tibial and femoral cartilage sites also revealed a gradual progressive structural and compositional degradation in tibial cartilage compared to femoral cartilage, in which the structure and composition remained relatively unchanged until the severe OA severity. With this depth-wise and site-specific compositional and structural information, our work elucidates disease progression in human cartilage.
2. Whole-Genome Sequencing in Galicia Reveals Male-Biased Pre-Islamic North African Ancestry, Subtle Population Structure, and Microgeographic Patterns of Disease Risk.
期刊: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Galicia, at the westernmost edge of Europe, exhibits distinctive genetic traits compared to other Iberian populations. We present the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study of a Galician population (GALOMICS; n = 91; 17.2 M variants; https://galomics.genpob.eu), analyzed alongside WGS data from other Spanish and continental populations (n = 1078). Contrary to recent claims of extreme genetic stratification, Galicia’s structure reflects broader Iberian patterns, characterized by one major genetic cluster and four minor, localized ones. Analyses of the Spanish National DNA Bank (NDNAB; n = 453) confirm this pattern, with three Galician clusters, one clearly predominant. Phylogenetic analysis places Galician clusters on terminal, recently diverged branches, challenging earlier models suggesting ancient separation. Slightly elevated homozygosity, driven by the Porto do Son cluster, suggests mild regional inbreeding. A notable North African/Middle Eastern ancestry component (13.5%-16.5%) appears, likely introduced via trans-Mediterranean contact ca. 620-670 ce, predating the Islamic conquest of 711 ce, with a subtle south-to-north gradient and a male-biased signal (Y-DNA: 21.2%; mtDNA: 1.1%). This calls for reexamining assumptions about Islamic-era ancestry. Finally, Polygenic Risk Scores for common diseases (e.g., cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, autism) show geographic variability aligned with genetic substructure, highlighting the relevance of regional genomics to public health policy.
3. TRPV4-Mediated Mechanosensing Regulates the Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Implications for Atherosclerosis.
期刊: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a crucial biological process where endothelial cells lose their specialized phenotype and acquire mesenchymal characteristics, such as enhanced motility and the ability to produce extracellular matrix components. This process serves dual roles in cardiovascular health and disease. In this study, we investigated the role of mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeant transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in matrix stiffness- and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced EndMT. Using primary mouse wild-type aortic endothelial cells (aECs) and TRPV4-null aECs, we validated TRPV4 functionality through live Ca2+ influx detection in response to selective agonists and antagonists. Employing physiologically relevant hydrogels with varying stiffness that mimic healthy and diseased aortic tissue, we observed that genetic deletion of TRPV4 or its pharmacological inhibition suppressed intracellular matrix stiffening and cellular force generation as quantified by atomic force microscopy analysis and traction force microscopy analysis, respectively, and prevented matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced EndMT. Further analysis revealed that the N-terminal residues 100-130 of TRPV4 are critical for intracellular matrix stiffening, traction force generation, MLC2 phosphorylation, and EndMT in aECs. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that TRPV4 regulates matrix stiffness-induced MLC2 activity, thereby modulating EndMT and cellular force generation, identifying a potential mechanism by which TRPV4 activity regulates EndMT in aEC. These results uncover a novel role for TRPV4-mediated mechanotransduction in regulating EndMT and suggest that TRPV4 could be a promising therapeutic target for addressing cardiovascular diseases.
4. Peroxiredoxin Ⅱ silencing aggravates FA-induced myelotoxicity through triggering PI3K pathway mediated by PTEN.
期刊: Toxicology and industrial health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Formaldehyde (FA) is a critical industrial compound implicated in leukemogenesis via the induction of oxidative stress. Our previous studies observed aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin II (PrxII), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) in FA-exposed bone marrow cells (BMCs) under conditions of oxidative stress. We speculate that the PrxII gene may be functionally linked to the PI3K pathway in formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage. Therefore, in the current study, we first used a specific PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, 10 μM) to suppress the PI3K pathway at 100 μM FA, and co-treated mouse bone marrow cells for 24 hours to investigate their potential interactions. We then evaluated the expression levels of PrxII, PTEN, PI3K, and Akt (via qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis), as well as the BMC’s viability (CCK-8 assay), ROS levels (DCFH-DA), and cell apoptosis (Annexin V/PI staining). Additionally, to explore the potential regulatory role of PrxⅡ in the PI3K pathway, we employed siRNA-mediated PrxⅡ gene silencing through a small interfering RNA and subsequently measured PTEN, PI3K, and Akt mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We observed that inhibition of the PI3K pathway with 10 μM LY294002 mitigated FA-induced oxidative damage in BMCs, as evidenced by improved cell viability, reduced ROS levels, and decreased apoptosis rates. Moreover, PrxII silencing led to downregulation of PTEN expression while concurrently activating the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. This study provides evidence that PrxII silencing may trigger the PI3K pathway mediated by PTEN gene, thereby exacerbating FA-induced oxidative injury.
5. Mercury contamination in Brazil related to (historical) artisanal and small-scale gold mining activity: a narrative review with quantitative synthesis.
期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM, known as garimpo in Brazilian Portuguese) remains a significant source of mercury (Hg) contamination worldwide, posing threats to both environmental integrity and One Health. Elevated Hg levels in affected regions typically arise from three interconnected pathways: (1) direct anthropogenic inputs of new mercury, such as elemental Hg released during gold amalgamation; (2) anthropogenic mobilization of existing Hg stocks through the mechanical disturbance of soils and sediments, including both legacy mining residues and naturally stored mercury; and (3) naturally occurring background mercury, derived from geogenic substrates and long-term atmospheric deposition into forested and aquatic ecosystems. This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed studies on garimpo-related Hg contamination in Brazil across multiple matrices, including human tissues, soils, sediments, water, air, and biota-and identifies the Amazon as a critical hotspot where high natural Hg backgrounds converge with historical and ongoing garimpos. Human exposure occurs primarily through occupational inhalation of elemental Hg vapor and dietary intake of methylmercury (MeHg) via fish consumption, particularly among riverine and Indigenous populations. Environmental compartments such as sediments, soils, and suspended particulate matter frequently exceed national prevention limits, underscoring mercury’s persistence, mobility, and remobilization potential. Bioaccumulation is evident across trophic levels, with MeHg formation intensified under flooded, anoxic conditions typical of Amazonian wetlands and reservoirs. This complex interplay of geogenic, legacy, and active sources poses a sustained threat to ecological and human health. While Brazil’s 2017 ratification of the Minamata Convention marks progress, reductions in fish MeHg may take decades, as stored Hg in floodplains continues to methylate. Effective mitigation will require mercury-free mining technologies, rigorous law enforcement, culturally appropriate health responses, and expanded monitoring tailored to geological and biogeochemical variability. Collectively, this integrated assessment highlights the multi-faceted nature of garimpo-related Hg contamination and provides insights to guide research priorities, policy frameworks, and stakeholder actions aimed at safeguarding human well-being and ecosystem health across Brazil.
6. Preferences for Identity-First and Person-First Language: A Systematic Review of Research With Autistic Adults/Adults With Autism.
期刊: Journal of autism and developmental disorders 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Recommendations concerning the language used to describe autism center primarily around preferences for person-first language (PFL; e.g., person with autism) or identity-first language (IFL; e.g.., autistic person). Empirical research on this topic has recently proliferated, yet there is no clear consensus. In this study, we systematically reviewed prior research on the autistic community’s language preferences. Our search generated 2483 articles. Nineteen studies (N = 6350) quantitatively assessed autistic people’s perspectives of autism language terms. We extracted data regarding most preferred terms and terms deemed acceptable for use. All studies were conducted online. Fourteen assessed preferred terminology; 10 found that more participants preferred IFL than PFL, though there was also considerable PFL endorsement (4-39% of participants) in these studies. Two studies that found a preference for PFL over IFL were conducted in Dutch. When able to choose “no preference/either” (6 studies), 4-37% of participants chose this option. Seven studies assessed acceptable terms; IFL terms were endorsed as acceptable by ~ 40-97% of participants, PFL terms by 5-53%, and “on the spectrum” by 8-45%. Across studies, participants were not representative of the entire autism spectrum (e.g., likely few participants with intellectual disability). Study results vary widely and suggest no consensus as to whether individuals with autism prefer IFL or PFL, neither across nor necessarily even within cultures and languages. We present several considerations for members of the autism community (e.g., researchers, clinicians, etc.) regarding use of PFL and IFL, with the ultimate goal of ensuring individual preferences are respected.
7. Reply to Ko, Null within-twin estimates on education and dementia: cautions for within-family contrasts.
期刊: European journal of epidemiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
We reply to the letter to the editor by Soohyeon Ko (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01305-x ) concerning our article by Walters et al. (Eur J Epidemiol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01286-x ). We reiterate that genetic explanations contribute to understanding why education is protective against dementia, alongside influences reflecting the whole of one’s family and societal context. We also caution that genetic explanations should not be misinterpreted as deterministic.
8. Prevalence of Self-Reported Diagnoses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Post-secondary Students in the U.S.: A Narrative Review.
期刊: Current psychiatry reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate the prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of ADHD among U.S. post-secondary students. We identified fifteen empirical studies published in academic journals between 2008 and 2023 that reported ADHD prevalence estimates. These studies had variability in samples and methods and produced a wide range of prevalence estimates-3.4% to 11.2%-and an overall prevalence estimate of 9.1%. We supplemented the academic literature with data from two multi-institutional, annual surveys-the Healthy Minds Study and National College Health Assessment (NCHA III/IIIb). Their prevalence estimates for the 2024-2025 academic year were 14% and 15%, respectively, which reflected significant increases from their 2019-2020 estimates of 4% and 8%. Estimates for the prevalence of ADHD diagnoses vary by data source and method. Multi-institutional, annual surveys suggest an increase in prevalence in recent years. These data might warrant the strengthening of ADHD services provided by campus clinics.
9. Gut microbiota as a causal mediator linking inflammatory cytokines and ageing phenotypes.
期刊: Biogerontology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Population ageing is a global phenomenon with significant implications for public health. Research has highlighted a relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing, yet the underlying causal mechanisms remain elusive. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate causal relationships between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing phenotypes. We leveraged the summary statistics of gut microbiota (n = 5959), circulating inflammatory cytokines (n = 8293), and three ageing phenotypes including telomere length (n = 472,174), facial ageing (n = 423,999), and frailty index (n = 175,226). We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal effects of gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines on ageing, and mediation analyses to discover potential mediating gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that there are causal interactions between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing. Notably, the abundance of GCA-900066575 sp900066385 appears to mediate the M-CSF pathway to facial ageing. The current MR study provides evidence supporting causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and ageing and potential mediating gut microbiota, which are critical to advancing our understanding of the ageing process and developing effective interventions.
10. Oral Corticosteroid and Nonsteroidal Immunosuppressant Therapy Use in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis Receiving Ravulizumab, Eculizumab, or Efgartigimod in the USA.
期刊: Neurology and therapy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) and nonsteroidal immunosuppressant therapies (NSISTs) remain widely used for the clinical management of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), despite well-documented risks. Newer targeted biologic therapies have demonstrated concomitant immunosuppressant therapy reduction; however, long-term comparative real-world evidence remains limited. This retrospective, observational study compared OCS and NSIST use in patients in the USA receiving one of the following US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for gMG treatment: ravulizumab or eculizumab (complement protein C5 inhibitor therapies [C5ITs]) or efgartigimod (neonatal Fc receptor antagonist). Patients were identified using the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus claims database from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2024. Eligible patients had ≥ 2 MG claims filed ≥ 30 days apart by a nonophthalmologic specialist. Treatment index date was the date of first ravulizumab, eculizumab, or efgartigimod claim. All patients assessed were continuously treated with ravulizumab, eculizumab, or efgartigimod during the 12-month follow-up period. Baseline OCS dose was estimated using claims data 3 months before the index date. Change from baseline in OCS average daily dose (ADD), OCS tapering, and NSIST use were assessed over 3-month intervals during the 12-month post-index follow-up period. After 12 months of continuous treatment, the C5IT cohort experienced a significantly greater mean reduction from baseline in OCS ADD compared to the efgartigimod cohort (C5IT, - 11.2 mg/day; efgartigimod, - 3.6 mg/day; P = 0.034), and fewer patients were taking OCS ADD > 30 mg/day (C5IT, 7.5%; efgartigimod, 22.2%). The percentage of patients with NSIST claims decreased by 28.3% within the first 12 months in the C5IT cohort (baseline, 55.2%; month 12, 39.6%) and remained stable in the efgartigimod cohort (baseline, 48.9%; month 12, 48.9%). These results from US clinical practice suggest greater reductions in OCS and NSIST concomitant therapy for patients treated with ravulizumab or eculizumab compared with efgartigimod.
11. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a prospective cohort study on ibSLN preservation in transoral laser surgery for pyriform sinus carcinoma.
期刊: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery is an important modality in hypopharyngeal carcinoma therapy. Minimally invasive techniques and nerve protection are important components of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery principles. However, the limited surgical space and the challenges in identifying the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ibSLN) pose difficulties during this procedure. This study investigated the effects of preserving the ibSLN during transoral laser surgery on the postoperative swallowing rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with pyriform sinus carcinoma. A prospective cohort study with a retrospective control group was performed, including 42 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma who had previously undergone transoral laser surgery. The participants were categorized into the ibSLN dissection and control groups. In the ibSLN dissection group, the ibSLN was exposed and dissected without nerve lesions. Traditional transoral surgery without proactive ibSLN dissection was performed in the control group. Demographics, operative data, postoperative swallowing function, tube removal time, and postoperative hospitalization time were evaluated and compared between both groups. Although the surgery time was longer in the ibSLN dissection group, the normal food intake, tube removal time, and postoperative hospitalization times were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) scores after surgery significantly improved in the ibSLN dissection group. At 14 days post-surgery, significant improvements were observed in the four MDADI subset scores: global (P < 0.001), emotional (P < 0.05), functional (P < 0.05), and physical (P < 0.05). The postoperative water swallowing test showed a significantly faster swallowing speed in the ibSLN dissection group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing showed a reduction in the epiglottic mobility impairment, aspiration, and residue in the pyriform fossa in the ibSLN dissection group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Identification and dissection of the ibSLN can be successfully performed during transoral laser surgery in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma. ibSLN dissection during transoral laser surgery has the potential to mitigate the risk of ibSLN damage, thereby facilitating enhanced recovery after surgery.
12. Impact of lymph node yield on survival of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer: a population-based retrospective study.
期刊: Discover oncology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its related mortality remains high. The association between lymph node yield and survival outcomes in patients with distant lymph node metastatic esophageal cancer has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of LNY on the survival of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer and to identify prognostic factors affecting survival. A total of 825 patients with metastatic esophageal cancer who underwent primary tumor resection were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2000 and 2021. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Propensity score matching was used to balance differences between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze prognostic factors. Among the 825 patients included in this study, at least 6 LNYs were found to be beneficial for survival outcomes in the majority of mEC patients. Before propensity matching, the OS and CSS of the LNY > 6 group were significantly better than those of the LNY ≤ 6 group (median OS was 22.32 months and 13.3 months, respectively, P < 0.05). After propensity matching, the survival outcomes of the LNY > 6 group were still better than those of the LNY ≤ 6 group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, race, pathological grade, and specific histological types were independent risk factors for OS. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with LNY > 6 benefited in most subgroups. This study shows that the number of LNY is significantly associated with survival in patients with distant metastatic esophageal cancer, and adequate lymph node dissection may have association with improved survival. This finding provides an important basis for clinical decision-making and the design of future clinical trials.
13. Temporal changes in coronary artery calcium in heart transplantation patients.
期刊: European radiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a well-established marker of atherosclerotic burden in the general population. Limited research has examined CAC progression and clinical implications in heart transplant (HT) recipients. We evaluated CAC progression in HT patients during long-term follow-up. We included adult HT recipients (≥ 5 years post-HT) from a retrospective single-center cohort undergoing annual cardiac CT with ≥ 4 years of follow-up. CAC scores were assessed using non-contrast CT. Patients were classified into two groups: no CAC progression (CAC = 0 across all CT scans) or any increase in CAC during follow-up. Generalized linear mixed models evaluated temporal changes in CAC; logistic regression identified variables associated with CAC progression. Among 116 patients (median age at baseline CT: 52 [38-63] years, 62% male), 65 showed CAC progression. From baseline to final CT, the proportion of patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) score 0 declined (90-83%), while CAV 1 and 3 increased (3-6%; 8-11%). CAC scores showed an annual increase in Ln(CAC + 1) of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.4-0.5; p < 0.001), corresponding to a 55% relative yearly increase. Significant interactions were found with recipient age at baseline CT (p = 0.008), donor heart age (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.024), and recipient ischemic cardiomyopathy (p < 0.001). Only donor heart age was independently associated with CAC progression (p < 0.001). CAC progression is common post-HT, with donor heart age showing the strongest association. Younger recipient and donor heart age, male sex, and ischemic cardiomyopathy were associated with faster CAC progression, suggesting the need for closer surveillance and more aggressive cardiovascular management. Question Longitudinal changes in CAC score were assessed in HT recipients to provide insights into cardiovascular risk and disease progression. Findings Over half of HT recipients showed CAC progression, which was significantly associated with donor age. Recipient age, sex, and primary diagnosis influenced progression rate. Clinical relevance Routine CAC monitoring may help identify patients at higher risk of cardiovascular events after heart transplantation, allowing for closer surveillance and more aggressive cardiovascular management, which in turn might improve long-term outcomes.
14. Disasters and crush syndrome-related acute kidney injury: What pediatric nephrologists should know.
期刊: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Crush syndrome and associated acute kidney injury (AKI) represent major causes of morbidity and mortality following disasters, particularly earthquakes. While crush syndrome has been extensively described in adults, pediatric aspects remain under-recognized despite children constituting a large proportion of disaster victims. This review provides an overview of current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of crush-related AKI in children. Epidemiological data from past earthquakes, including the 1999 Marmara and 2023 Türkiye-Syria events, indicate that nearly half of pediatric patients with crush syndrome developed AKI, with a substantial proportion requiring dialysis. Importantly, crush-related AKI differs from other etiologies of AKI by its distinctive pathogenesis, rapid onset, and potential of life-threatening systemic complications. Unique pediatric considerations include age-specific patterns of injury, logistical barriers in providing pediatric dialysis, susceptibility to fluid and electrolyte disturbances and increased psychosocial burdens. Early and aggressive fluid resuscitation, timely initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and close monitoring for surgical, infectious and metabolic complications are essential. Pediatric nephrologists play a critical role not only in delivering direct patient care but also in disaster preparedness and staff training. National and international pediatric nephrology societies should advocate education on crush-related AKI and support collaboration with centers in affected areas during the acute phase of disasters.
15. Experiences and perceptions of sexual health services among young gay and bisexual men who have sex with men in Rhode Island.
期刊: AIDS care 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Rhode Island has experienced an increasing burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, accounting for 83% of HIV diagnoses in 2021. This evaluation examined men who have sex with men’s perceptions of the effectiveness, gaps, and needs of sexual health services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 men who have sex with men in Rhode Island recruited from community-based organizations, listservs, and social apps from September 2023 to February 2024. Thematic analysis focused on barriers and facilitators of HIV testing, past experiences with STI testing and notification services, and access to sexual health information. Participants highlighted barriers to testing services such as location, stigma, and transportation, as well as facilitators (e.g., convenience, welcoming environment, co-located services). Participants expressed difficulties in accessing and understanding general health information as it pertained to HIV and STIs. Our findings suggest that men who have sex with men experience barriers to accessing and navigating sexual health services. HIV and other STI mitigation infrastructure must be embedded within resources that are already accessible to these populations.
16. Nocturnal melatonin secretion and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.
期刊: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Melatonin regulates circadian rhythms and influences glucose metabolism. Altered melatonin secretion may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but prospective population-based evidence is scarce. To examine whether low nocturnal melatonin secretion is associated with an increased risk of incident T2D in adults. Prospective cohort study with follow-up from 2013 to 2023 (median 6.5 years). The Malmö Offspring Study, a population-based cohort in southern Sweden. A total of 4491 adults (52% women, aged 18-75 years) without T2D and melatonin supplementation at baseline were included. Incident T2D identified via national and regional health registers. Nocturnal melatonin secretion was assessed as the urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin-to-creatinine ratio (aMT6s/Cr) from first-morning urine samples, categorized into sex-specific quintiles. During follow-up, 171 participants developed T2D. Participants in the lowest quintile of aMT6s/Cr had a higher T2D risk than those in quintiles 2-5 (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.09). The association remained significant after additional adjustment for sleep duration and disruption (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11-2.13). When analyzing T2D development per 1-SD higher sex-standardized log aMT6s/Cr, HR was 0.84 (95% CI 0.73-0.97). Associations were consistent across sex, age, and BMI subgroups. Low nocturnal melatonin secretion was independently associated with a higher incidence of T2D in adults. A key limitation is the reliance on a single morning urine sample to estimate melatonin secretion. The findings support circadian regulation as a determinant of metabolic health and warrant further investigation of melatonin pathways in diabetes prevention.
17. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Etiopathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Management, and Research Gaps.
期刊: Clinical and experimental dermatology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan parasitic infection caused by the Leishmania species and transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. The disease is endemic in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean regions, where it presents as localized skin ulcers, often leaving scars that can lead to significant morbidity and social stigma. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, management strategies, and research gaps in CL. Understanding the complex immune response involved in the pathogenesis of CL, as well as the environmental and socio-economic factors driving its spread, is critical for designing effective control measures. Clinical presentation varies from simple ulcers to more complex forms like mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Management primarily involves antimicrobial therapy, with treatments such as miltefosine, antimony compounds, and liposomal amphotericin B being the mainstay, although drug resistance is emerging as a significant challenge. Research gaps remain in the development of effective vaccines, better diagnostic tools, and alternative treatments. Addressing these gaps will improve patient health outcomes and facilitate the elimination of CL in endemic regions.
18. Response to "Beyond Anthropometry: Strengthening Evidence on Childhood Double Burden of Malnutrition".
期刊: Nutrition reviews 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
19. Transforming public mental health: a review on global trends, challenges, and pathways to change.
期刊: Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
This review synthesizes global trends, persistent challenges, and actionable pathways for overhauling public mental health systems, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thematic analysis of our review revealed that mental health disorders now affect nearly one in eight people worldwide, yet up to 75% of those in LMICs receive no treatment due to stigma, underfunding, workforce shortages, and fragmented systems, perpetuating a widening “treatment and care gap.” Social inequities, harmful cultural norms, conflict, climate change, and gender disparities further amplify the risk and economic burden, projected to exceed US$6 trillion by 2030. Innovative financing approaches, including public-private partnerships and models from countries such as Norway and Australia, offer promising strategies for sustainable investments. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health challenges but also raised global awareness, with leaders such as the United Nations Secretary-General and the United States Surgeon General foregrounding mental health crises in the public consciousness. Advocacy initiatives, including the FundaMentalSDG campaign, Lancet Commissions, Global Mental Health Action Network, and Global Mental Health Peer Network, have been pivotal in elevating mental health within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and linking it to social determinants. Emerging solutions include rights-based frameworks that emphasize participation and anti-discrimination, scaling up task-sharing and expanded roles for non-specialists through programs such as the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme, community-based interventions like Zimbabwe’s Friendship Bench, and integration of mental health into primary care with dedicated counsellors, structured referral pathways, and digital innovations promising improved access and personalization. Sustained progress requires intersectoral collaboration across health, education, labor, and social sectors; embedding mental health into national health information systems; and investing in culturally adapted promotion and prevention interventions throughout the life course. Strengthening political commitment, global-local leadership, financing frameworks, and workforce capacity, particularly through continuous professional development and lived-experience participation, will accelerate progress toward the SDGs, underscoring the imperative for equitable financing and sustained political will globally.
20. Navigating stigma, faith, and fear: understanding HPV vaccine acceptance among adolescent girls in rural parts of Central Ethiopia.
期刊: Culture, health & sexuality 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women in Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas where sociocultural and religious norms significantly influence health behaviour. Despite the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunisation program, uptake among adolescent girls remains low. This study explored sociocultural and religious factors that shape vaccine acceptance among adolescent girls in rural Ethiopia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with adolescent girls (vaccinated and unvaccinated), parents, public health workers, and community leaders in Gurage and Hadiya zones. Thematic analysis was conducted. Five key themes were developed: (1) limited knowledge and awareness; (2) cultural stigma surrounding reproductive health; (3) religious resistance to biomedical interventions; (4) parental and community influence; and (5) fear of vaccine-related side effects such as infertility. Parental and community influence appeared to both facilitate and discourage vaccine acceptance, while lack of knowledge and awareness, cultural stigma, and fear of vaccine-related side effects acted as discouragers. HPV vaccine acceptance in rural Ethiopia is shaped by complex social, cultura and religious factors. Interventions must go beyond awareness campaigns to include community engagement, religious leader advocacy, and parental education to improve vaccine uptake.
21. Educating Midwives as Abortion Providers: Implementing Innovative Models for Standardized Training in Abortion Care.
期刊: Journal of midwifery & women’s health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization US Supreme Court decision significantly limited patients’ access to abortion services, and the providers who can legally deliver this care. Currently 22 states license providers other than physicians to provide medication or procedural abortion. However, most midwives and advanced practice clinicians (APCs) do not receive abortion training in their educational programs despite endorsement from professional and health organizations both nationally and abroad. In response to the growing abortion access crisis, 4 accredited midwifery programs incorporated innovative abortion training into their curricula to integrate abortion into the full scope of midwifery practice. This article provides a framework for midwifery and APC programs to implement standardized education and training in abortion services that are trauma informed, culturally sensitive, and patient centered. We outline each program, implementation barriers and facilitators, and conclude with a discussion of mechanisms for overcoming barriers and recommendations for standardization across programs.
22. Phytoremediation as a nature-based solution for air pollution mitigation: a review.
期刊: International journal of phytoremediation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Air pollution, intensified by industrialization, urbanization, and deforestation, causes over 8 million premature deaths annually, with over 99% of the global population exposed to unsafe pollutant levels. Conventional mitigation technologies, though effective, are limited by high costs, energy demand, and secondary waste generation, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Phytoremediation, a nature-based solution (NbS), leverages plant physiology and plant-microbe interactions to mitigate airborne pollutants including PM, NOx, SOx, VOCs, CO, heavy metals and GHGs. This review synthesizes findings from 156 peer-reviewed studies (2020-2025), integrating mechanisms, functional traits, innovations, and socio-economic perspectives. Tree species such as Platanus orientalis, Tilia cordata, and Ficus benjamina reduce PM2.5 loads by up to 25%, while indoor plants like Chlorophytum comosum and Spathiphyllum wallisii lower VOCs by 30-44%. Hyperaccumulators (Brassica juncea, Pteris vittata) achieve over 90% heavy metals in aqueous systems, and engineered green walls cut VOCs by 72.5% and PM2.5 by 17-25%. Nanoparticle-assisted systems, also aqueous, achieve up to 99.58% cadmium removal. Despite challenges of pollutant specificity, seasonal variability, and biomass management, phytoremediation remains a scalable, low-cost NbS. The novelty of this review lies in integrating recent biological, technological, and policy advances, positioning phytoremediation as a viable pathway for sustainable air quality management. This review is distinct in its interdisciplinary, quantitative, and policy-oriented framing of phytoremediation as a Nature-Based Solution (NbS) for mitigating air pollution. Unlike earlier reviews that examined either indoor phytoremediation, particulate matter capture, or green infrastructure in isolation, this work integrates multi-scalar evidence from 156 peer-reviewed studies (2020–2025), providing the most recent and consolidated synthesis across biophysical, technological, and socio-policy dimensions. The novelty further lies in explicitly linking phytoremediation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land) thereby positioning plant-based remediation as a policy-relevant and urban-resilience strategy. In addition, this review critically evaluates emerging innovations such as genetic engineering, microbial-assisted systems, nanotechnology, and digital IoT-based monitoring, alongside green walls, biofilters, and hybrid designs, while discussing their limitations, environmental risks, and socio-economic tradeoffs. The manuscript also introduces new content on household and indoor phytoremediation safety, highlighting nontoxic species, CAM plants beneficial for nighttime CO2 uptake, and recently recognized pollutant classes including PFAS, phthalates, and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). By contextualizing phytoremediation within the broader discourse on global sustainability, environmental justice, and cost-effectiveness (≈US $200,000 per ha compared with far higher mechanical remediation costs), this review advances beyond descriptive summaries to deliver a comprehensive, future-oriented synthesis that provides practical insights for research, policy formulation, and implementation of NbS-based air quality management.
23. Effects of Educational Intervention on Uptake of Cervical Cancer Preventive Services at Kenyatta University, Kenya; A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.
期刊: Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Guided by the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization, this study examined the impact of a structured educational intervention to improve uptake of cervical cancer preventive services (CCPS) among female students at Kenyatta University, Kenya. The study implemented a cluster randomized controlled trial allocating two Kenyatta University campuses (Kitui - intervention; Mombasa - control) to study arms. A total of 243 female students aged ≥ 18 years were recruited (Intervention = 121; Control = 122). The intervention comprised six bi-weekly, face-to-face health education sessions delivered over 12 weeks, combining didactic content, demonstrations and facilitated peer discussions. Data were collected from 1st January 2025 to 31st March 2025; at baseline and at 12 weeks post-intervention using structured researcher-administered questionnaires and self-reports triangulated with university clinic records. Analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests for differences in proportions, difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation of the intervention effect, and multivariable logistic regression. All analyses were adjusted for clustering effect. At endline, uptake in the intervention arm was 44.2% while the control arm remained essentially unchanged (8.0%); the DiD estimate was + 39.4% (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression including an interaction term for time × treatment produced an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the intervention effect of 8.02 (95% CI: 2.01-12.65; p = 0.005). Awareness of service availability (aOR = 3.52) and community/peer support (aOR = 2.13) were independent predictors of CCPS uptake. A structured, repeated educational intervention programme delivered within the university context significantly increased uptake of CCPS. For sustained impact, such interventions should be linked to visible, accessible campus services and embedded in university health promotion structures.
24. Characterizing the Objective Features of Vaping Prevention Video Ads: A Content Analysis.
期刊: American journal of preventive medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
To address youth and young adult vaping, the Food and Drug Administration and other organizations have launched vaping prevention video ads. However, limited research exists on the objective features of these ads (i.e., observable and systematically codable elements). This study identified and described these features through a content analysis. A total of 302 video ads, released between 2015 and 2024, were collected on the basis of the following criteria: focused on vaping prevention, targeted youth or young adults, 35 seconds or shorter, and in English. Twenty-nine codes were developed to capture objective features in 5 categories: (1) message themes; (2) structural features (genre, visual, audio, and format); (3) tobacco product depictions; (4) audience targeting; and (5) other features, such as source and length. Data were analyzed in 2024. Most ads (49.3%) were from U.S. national organizations, followed by U.S. state governments (43.7%) and international sources (7.0%). Nearly half (46.0%) were 11-20 seconds. Nicotine addiction was the most common primary theme (34.4%), followed by harmful chemicals/metals (16.2%) and mental health (13.9%). Ads predominantly used live action (68.2%), visual effects (54.0%), background music (78.5%), and an acted-out format (57.3%). Vaping imagery appeared in most ads (68.5%). Few ads were explicitly designed for specific racial/ethnic (3.6%) or lesbian, gay, or bisexual (0.3%) communities. This study provides the groundwork for future research to identify which objective ad features most effectively influence vaping-related outcomes. Findings also serve as a practical resource for campaign developers who design ads on the basis of objective features.
25. Effectiveness of HASMEP-Thai on CD4 Count and Health Outcomes in Thai MSM Living With HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: Research in nursing & health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand continue to experience a disproportionate HIV burden, with persistent challenges related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, quality of life, and self-management. Stigma and the scarcity of culturally adapted interventions further hinder sustained engagement in care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the HIV/AIDS Self-Management Education Program-Thai (HASMEP-T), a culturally adapted, nurse-delivered, peer-supported intervention, on immunologic and patient-reported outcomes among Thai MSM living with HIV. A randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design was conducted at a tertiary HIV clinic, where 64 MSM living with HIV were randomized to either the intervention or control group (n = 32 each). The intervention included four biweekly, 3 h group sessions over 7 weeks, in addition to routine services, while the control group received routine care only. Outcomes measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 12-week follow-up included CD4 count, ART adherence, quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and HIV self-management. Paired and independent t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA were employed. At 12 weeks, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements than the controls in CD4 count (+84.5 cells/mm³), ART adherence (+8.9%), quality of life (+14.7 points), and self-management (+9.1 points) (all p < 0.05). No adverse events were observed. The findings indicate that HASMEP-T is effective in enhancing immunologic, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes among Thai MSM living with HIV and has the potential to be integrated into routine HIV care to strengthen ART adherence, reduce stigma, and improve quality of life in resource-limited settings.
26. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin prevents murine sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease.
期刊: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) develops with complex interactions between immune cells and cytokines, leading to irreversible fibrosis. Severe cGVHD impairs quality of life and is associated with nonrelapse mortality; however, effective treatments are limited. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM), a novel anticoagulant consisting of the extracellular domains of thrombomodulin, has shown efficacy in patients with transplantation-associated coagulation disorders and, recently, anti-inflammatory properties in animal studies. Here, we investigated the effects of rTM on cGVHD using a sclerodermatous cGVHD (Scl-cGVHD) mouse model. Prophylactic rTM administration suppressed the development of Scl-cGVHD skin lesions both clinically and histopathologically, prolonging event-free and overall survival. The rTM significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including activated T cells and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-producing macrophages into the skin, while inflammation in the draining lymph nodes during priming phase and in spleen during chronic phase was unaffected. TGFβ1 expression in keratinocytes also decreased with rTM. Domain analysis suggested that these effects were mainly attributed to the N-terminal lectin-like domain (domain 1) of rTM, whose functions, including inhibition of inflammatory cell activation and recruitment related to interactions with endothelial cells, has recently been recognized in a limited number of preclinical studies. In conclusion, rTM prevented Scl-cGVHD development, likely by inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the skin and subsequent TGFβ1 production by keratinocytes. The rTM may represent a novel prophylactic agent for cGVHD.
27. Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: a Comprehensive Review.
期刊: Neurotoxicity research 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a severe, dose-limiting complication that significantly reduces quality of life in cancer patients, with no effective preventive or therapeutic options currently available. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation plays a central role in OIPN initiation and progression. This review provides a critical and up-to-date analysis of recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of oxaliplatin-induced neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on the integration of mitochondrial dysfunction, immune-mediated inflammation, glial activation, microRNA dysregulation, and gut-nerve axis disruption. Recent findings demonstrate that oxaliplatin disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, increases oxidative stress, and impairs blood-nerve barrier integrity, triggering neuroinflammatory responses. Neuroinflammation in OIPN is mediated through the activation of several key signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR4, and mTOR, which lead to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of glial cells. Furthermore, emerging evidence has identified dysregulation of the gut-nerve axis and alterations in gut microbiota composition as contributing factors that exacerbate oxaliplatin-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Various pharmacological and plant-derived compounds, such as naringin, baicalein, and puerarin, as well as selective inhibitors of inflammatory pathways, have shown promising neuroprotective effects in animal models by attenuating inflammatory responses and alleviating neuropathic symptoms. By synthesizing these converging lines of evidence, this review further outlines potential future directions, including the development of combination therapies targeting multiple inflammatory pathways, microbiome-based interventions, and the translation of preclinical findings into well-designed clinical trials.
28. Exercise and Kidney Health: Core Curriculum 2026.
期刊: American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Exercise triggers complex effects on kidney physiology that vary with intensity, duration, and environmental conditions. While moderate physical activity improves cardiovascular and renal outcomes, intense or prolonged exertion, particularly in endurance sports, can lead to acute kidney injury. Adaptations in kidney physiology during exercise include reduced plasma flow, altered glomerular filtration, and hormone-mediated fluid retention. These changes are protective but may become maladaptive with dehydration, heat stress, or excessive fluid intake. High-intensity exercise increases oxidative stress and proteinuria, while ultramarathon participation may cause transient creatinine elevation from muscle breakdown, complicating acute kidney injury diagnosis. Prevention strategies include individualized hydration plans, electrolyte replacement, and avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In special populations, such as children with chronic kidney disease or patients receiving dialysis, structured exercise enhances quality of life and physical function when implemented safely. Clinicians must balance the benefits of exercise with kidney-related risks, promote safe training practices, and recognize early signs of exertional complications to optimize renal and overall health in physically active individuals. This core curriculum reviews the physiology of exercise on kidney function and provides evidence-based strategies for patient counseling and risk reduction.
29. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Body Temperature Management Self-Efficacy Scale (BTM-SES) for Surgical Patients.
期刊: Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
To develop a valid and reliable scale to assess student nurses’ self-efficacy in body temperature management in surgical patients, the Body Temperature Management Self-Efficacy Scale (BTM-SES) was used. An instrument development and validation study. The data of this methodological study were collected between November 2024 and January 2025 in two faculties providing nursing education in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The study had a multistage design in accordance with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstrument checklist. In the first stage, an item pool is created based on a literature review. In Stage 2, the pool aimed to assess content validity, and psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. Subsequently, construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and time invariance were simultaneously tested by retest. A total of 390 nursing students taking surgical disease nursing courses participated in the study. The content validity index score for the scale items was 0.84. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-dimensional factor structure (controlling, recording, informing, evaluating, and prevention) with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 58.03%; the final scale included 21 items. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.93. The fit indices for the classes were acceptable. BTM-SES is a 21-item valid and reliable assessment tool to measure student nurses’ self-efficacy in body temperature management in surgical patients. BTM-SES can be used in clinical and educational research.
30. Clinical implications of the interaction between metabolic risk factors, coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation.
期刊: Future cardiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coexist due to shared risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. The interrelationship between these diseases carries important therapeutic implications, given the fact that both AF and CAD are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we elucidate our current understanding of the epidemiological and pathophysiological links between AF and CAD, with particular focus on the impact of obesity, diabetes and systemic inflammation as common drivers. We discuss the implications for patient management, including antithrombotic therapy, lifestyle modifications and metabolic risk reduction. Beyond antithrombotic therapy, we highlight the importance of rate and rhythm control strategies in case of coexisting of AF and CAD. Novel pharmacological approaches for patients with CAD and type 2 diabetes, such as GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitors, provide additional cardiometabolic benefits by reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Finally we propose a framework for integrated management of AF and CAD that aligns with contemporary guidelines and emerging evidence. This holistic approach, including metabolic risk factor modification, represents a paradigm shift in the care of patients with both AF and CAD. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) often occur together. This is mainly because they share the same major risk factors, especially obesity and diabetes. When AF and CAD are present in the same person, the chances of serious blood vessel or heart-related problems, such as strokes or heart attacks, become higher.In this review, we explain how AF and CAD are linked and why these conditions are so commonly seen in people with obesity or diabetes. Extra body fat, especially around the organs, leads to ongoing inflammation and changes in the heart and blood vessels. These changes make it easier for fatty deposits to build up in the arteries and also make the upper chambers of the heart more likely to develop an irregular rhythm. Diabetes adds to this by harming blood vessels and affecting the heart’s function.Treating people who have both AF and CAD can be difficult, because they often need medicines to prevent blood clots. Using more than one blood-thinning medicine can increase the risk of bleeding. Recent studies show that a simpler combination of medicines can reduce bleeding without raising the risk of heart attacks or strokes. In addition, controlling the heart rate is important, and restoring a normal heart rhythm can be helpful for some patients.New treatments for diabetes and weight reduction, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, not only improve glucose levels and reduce weight, but also lower the risk of major heart problems. Early research suggests they may also help reduce episodes of AF.We describe an combined approach to managing AF and CAD that includes healthier lifestyle choices, better control of metabolic risk factors, and modern treatment options. This combined strategy may help improve outcomes for the growing number of patients with both conditions.
31. Persistent Gaps in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment among European Adults with Hypertension: Time to Prioritize Data over Intuition.
期刊: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
32. Optimization of Narrow Cavity Flow Field via a Passive Self-Exciting Slot Jet for Root Canal Irrigation.
期刊: Journal of biomechanical engineering 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Root canal treatment is crucial for preventing oral diseases, and its success hinges on the effective removal of biofilm and debris from the canal wall by the irrigant. However, the intricate and narrow anatomy of root canals limits the efficacy of irrigant jet in the critical apical region, hindering fluid mixing and the removal of wall-adherent material. To address this, a passive self-exciting jet technique using a novel slot jet needle is proposed. This design aims to reorganize the flow and induce secondary jet self-excitation within the narrow cavity, thereby enhancing root canal irrigation effect. The influence of the slot angle and aperture diameter are first investigated, and the results show that the efficacy of jet coupling depends not only on the slot jet direction but also on the relative strength of the jets. The irrigation performance is optimal when the slot angle is 90° and the aperture diameter is 0.1 mm. Furthermore, the influence of the tapering angle is investigated using the principle of a tapering nozzle. Compared to the clinically common prototype 30G needle, the optimized design increases the effective cleaning area by up to 20.82% and the extending depth by up to 50.79%, while reducing the mean apical pressure by up to 23.39%. These improvements demonstrate that the cleaning performance, mass exchange capability, and safety are improved simultaneously.
33. Western Hunter-Gatherer genetic ancestry contributes to human longevity in the Italian population.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The genetics of human longevity has been primarily studied using classical methods developed in genome-wide association studies. With the recent advances in paleogenomics, it is now possible to investigate to what extent ancient population ancestries contribute to complex traits. In this study, we explored the role of ancient genetic components in human longevity by focusing on the Italian Peninsula, whose genetic heritage includes several past genetic ancestries that have contributed to the current European genetic make-up. We analyzed genome-wide data of 333 Italian centenarians and 690 geographically matched healthy controls, and compared their genetic composition to 103 ancient genomes representative of the main past European population ancestries. Our findings indicate that Italian centenarians have a higher genetic affinity with Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG)-related ancestry compared to controls, according to PCA and f4-statistics. Logistic regression models based on supervised admixture revealed a significant association between higher WHG ancestry and the centenarian status. Additionally, residual-based predictive analysis showed that centenarians exhibit a significantly higher WHG contribution independent of the genetic structuring of the general Italian population. By painting the chromosomes of modern Italians, we also showed a significantly higher number of WHG alleles at pro-longevity SNPs. In the present study, we demonstrate the contribution of ancient genetic components to the longevity phenotype. In particular, we showed a greater contribution from Western Hunter-Gatherer-related ancestry to Italian centenarians, thus suggesting that this pre-Neolithic genetic component, which has been linked to population shifts occurring within Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum, could be beneficial for longevity today.
34. The Role of Age-Friendly Environment in Promoting Healthy Aging: From Multidimensional Environmental Facets and Psychological Perspective.
期刊: Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Age-friendly environments are a key determinant of healthy aging, while subjective age is assumed to be a psychological factor affecting one’s behavior and well-being. This study explores how age-friendly environments play a role in promoting healthy aging through (1) putting macro-social and micro-family environments in the same context and (2) examining the moderating role of subjective age. In a random sample of 2,788 older adults, we found that (1) higher levels of age-friendly family and social environments were consistently associated with better health outcomes; (2) subjective age significantly moderated the social environment-frailty relationship (β = -0.26, p < 0.001), with stronger protective effects observed among those feeling older; and (3) specific social environment domains (life security and accessibility) showed particularly pronounced moderation effects by subjective age. These findings demonstrate that environmental and psychological factors jointly influence health states, and underscore the need for integrated interventions that enhance age-friendly environments and foster positive aging perceptions to optimize health in later life.
35. Androgen-Deprivation Therapy and Dietary Habits Influence the Gut Microbial Environment in Patients With High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer.
期刊: The Prostate 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the gut microbial profiles, occurrence of side effects, total testosterone (TS) levels, and pretreatment dietary habits among patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer who were subjected to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). This prospective study included patients diagnosed with high-risk localized prostate cancer who underwent ADT between March 2021 and August 2022. The correlation between the pre- and post (after 3 months)-ADT gut microbial profiles, laboratory tests, body consumption data, and pretreatment dietary habits was analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the alpha- and beta-diversities of the gut microbiota during pre- and post-ADT. The relative abundance of genus Ruminococcus 2 (p = 0.013) and genus [Eubacterium] ruminantium group (p = 0.043) were significantly higher during post-ADT compared with those during pre-ADT. Twenty percent of the patients with a post-ADT TS level of < 20 ng/dL had a significantly high proportion of genus Ruminococccus 2, whereas no significant proportion was observed in patients with a TS level of ≥ 20 ng/dL. In terms of the impact of the pretreatment dietary habits on the changes of the gut microbiota, genus Romboutsia and genus Fusicatenibacter showed a positive correlation with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, whereas the amounts of genus Ruminococcus 2 and genus Veillonella showed a negative correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Short-term ADT was found to increase the proportion of gut genus Ruminococcus 2 in patients with advanced prostate cancer, which was associated with low TS levels and showed a negative correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. Further validation is important to identify specific changes in the gut microbiota during ADT in patients with prostate cancer.
36. Copper Nanoparticles Atomized into Zerovalent Copper Single Atoms at Water/Mineral Interfaces Mediated by ortho-Phenolic Hydroxyl of Dissolved Organic Matter.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The interaction of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from anthropogenic and natural sources in the environment with dissolved organic matter (DOM) governs their occurrence, fate, and transportation. Here, we report that DOM can mediate CuNP transformation into atomically dispersed zerovalent copper single atoms (Cu0-SAs) at water/mineral interfaces. The mechanism proposes that the ortho-phenolic hydroxyl of DOM likely forms the five-membered ring structure with copper atoms on the CuNP surface, inducing inner-sphere electron transfer to weaken Cu-Cu bonds and enabling the liberation of Cu0-SAs and stabilization via Cu-O bonds on natural mineral surfaces, which diverges fundamentally from the conventional dissolution process. Cu0-SAs represent a paradoxical species that exhibit both relatively high environmental toxicity and stability, combining enhanced bactericidal activity, decreased copper ion leaching compared with parent CuNPs, and resistance to aggregation under reducing conditions. This study unveils an unreported CuNP transformation process in the environment, demonstrating Cu0-SAs as an emerging yet significant copper species. Our findings should be helpful for better understanding the fate, migration, and toxicity of copper in the ecosystem by identifying atomic-level copper intermediates.
37. Simulation of radioactive contamination and the health risks from consuming contaminated sweet potatoes.
期刊: Radiation protection dosimetry 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study investigates the contamination of sweet potatoes by 137Cs following a hypothetical radiological dispersion event, assessing its implications for food safety and public health. Given the increasing concerns about nuclear energy expansion, this research is particularly relevant to agricultural systems, which are crucial to food security. Using HotSpot Health Physics Codes (v3.1.2), we simulated the radionuclide dispersion in a sweet potato farming area, considering environmental factors like atmospheric stability and soil properties. The model assesses the transfer of radioactive material to crops and the potential health risks to consumers. The evaluation links 137Cs exposure to an increased risk of leukemia, represented by the excess risk of its fatal occurrence over a lifetime, emphasizing the need for post-radiological incident monitoring. The results of the simulations suggest, for example, that the concentration of activity of 137Cs in the root of the sweet potato can vary by up to 3 orders of magnitude for the same location, depending on variations in the local atmospheric stability classes. Such sensitivity was also observed for the risk of developing radiation-induced leukemia, whose average values for the adopted radionuclide-to-plant Transfer Factors models may differ by up to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the same variables. Through computational modeling, this study offers insights into the threat posed by radiological contaminants in food chains and underscores the importance of surveillance measures in protecting public health.
38. Cross-talk within plant niches: endophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sustainable crop production.
期刊: FEMS microbiology reviews 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
World agriculture depends in part on the crop-associated microbiome for improved plant growth, health, and productivity. In particular, endophytic fungi (EF) with plant growth-promoting activities fulfill some of these roles and are central as bioinoculant agents. In the case of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), they form a symbiosis with their host plants, enhancing the uptake of water, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other micronutrients, while the plants provide them with photosynthates. This work reviews the differences in the colonization of internal plant niches between these beneficial fungi, as well as other distinctive ecological traits. It also explores mechanisms of seedborne vertical transmission in AMF and their classification. Genomic and transcriptomic advances in fungal endophytes are highlighted, shedding light on genes and expression profiles that define their lifestyle and plant associations. In addition, recent studies on their abilities to promote plant growth are analyzed, especially focusing on Trichoderma spp., Epichloë spp., Serendipita indica (formerly Piriformospora indica), and entomopathogens like Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp. Finally, the multiple interactions among EF, AMF, and other members of the plant microbiome-notably plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB)-are discussed, emphasizing how these organisms synergistically benefit the host. A deeper understanding of these fungi and their plant-beneficial effects should facilitate commercialization and help farmers achieve sustainable production, especially under challenges posed by global climate change.
39. Effectiveness of a Therapist-Managed Video-Modeling Smartphone Application for Self-Care Training for Children With Autism and Their Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: Journal of autism and developmental disorders 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study examined the effectiveness of a therapist-managed smartphone application using video modeling to teach self-care skills to children with autism, compared with live modeling, while providing parents with remote therapist support. In this randomized controlled trial, thirty-one children with ASD (aged 5-12 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (video modeling via smartphone; n = 16) or a comparison group (live modeling; n = 15). Outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, and Activities of Daily Living Inventory for Children with Disabilities, Family Functioning Questionnaire in Rehabilitation, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Assessments were conducted at baseline, one-month post-intervention, and one-month follow-up, and data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in self-care-related outcome measure scores (p < .05). No significant differences were found in Family Functioning Questionnaire in Rehabilitation or Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale scores. The therapist-managed video modeling application effectively enhanced self-care performance in children with ASD and offered a family-centered, time-efficient approach for remote intervention.
40. Healthcare Professional Survey on Complementary Feeding and Allergy Prevention in High- Versus Low-Risk Infants: An EAACI Task Force Report.
期刊: Allergy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Complementary feeding (CF) influences infants’ long-term dietary preferences, growth, and food allergy (FA) risk. However, guidance given to families and the implementation of FA prevention guidelines by healthcare professionals (HCPs) remain unclear. This study explored HCPs’ perspectives and practices regarding CF strategies in the context of FA prevention across different regions and professional backgrounds. An online survey conducted by an EAACI task force between December 2023 and May 2024 assessed CF timing, allergenic food introduction, nutrient supplementation, and FA preventive measures. 550 HCPs (pediatricians, allergists, dietitians), 68% from Europe, participated. HCPs recommended CF initiation at a median of six months for breastfed infants and five months for formula-fed and FA high-risk infants. Atopic dermatitis (94%) and family history of allergies (87%) were the most recognized FA risk factors. Vitamin D (49%), probiotics (28%), and omega-3 fatty acids (18%) were commonly recommended supplements. Regional, professional, and educational influences differences emerged, with Northern European HCPs favoring earlier CF and allergen introduction, often without structured guidance. Southern European HCPs preferred a structured sequence and later CF initiation. A flexible, evidence-based framework is needed to guide FA prevention while accommodating cultural and geographical differences.
41. Lived Experience Engagement in Service Design and Improvement: Investigating Meaning and Impact.
期刊: OTJR : occupation, participation and health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
Involving people with lived experience is important to mental health service design, development, and research. This study explored the personal meaning and impact of participating in lived experience opportunities for consumers and carers. Six semi-structured interviews with consumer and carer volunteers at an Australian community mental health service were analyzed through an interpretative phenomenological lens. A steering group, formed by staff with lived expertise, guided the research. Five themes were identified: “Transforming negative experiences into positive contributions,” “Self-growth through lived experience participation,” “Connections and support through lived experience participation,” “Considerations for supporting consumers and carers in a team,” and “Considerations for setting up voluntary lived experience participation roles.” Lived experience engagement is meaningful to consumers and carers. Creating safe-enough environments that support participation in decision-making requires valuing diverse opinions, having supportive facilitators, acknowledging demands of sharing lived experiences, and paid remuneration. Meaning and Impact of Lived Experience EngagementInvolving people with lived experience of mental health challenges and recovery (consumers) and their supporters (carers) is important for mental health service design, development, and research. This study explored consumers’ and carers’ experiences of participating in lived experience opportunities, including the meanings and impacts. This paper explains the learnings from three consumers and three carers who volunteer at an Australian community mental health service. The interviews were analyzed through interpretative (understanding) phenomenological (experiences) analysis, which explores how people understand their experiences. Staff with lived expertise formed a steering group, which guided the research. The identified themes include: (a) Transforming negative experiences into positive contributions. (b) Self-growth through lived experience participation. (c) Connections and support through lived experience participation. (d) Considerations for supporting consumers and carers in a team. (e) Considerations for setting up voluntary lived experience roles. Involvement in mental health services is important for consumers and carers. Key strategies for creating safe-enough environments include valuing diverse opinions, having supportive facilitators, recognizing challenges of sharing, and providing payment.
42. Caregiving Experiences Among Carers of Moderate and Severely Dependent Stroke Survivors.
期刊: Asia-Pacific journal of public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Informal carers are essential to post-stroke recovery in Malaysia but often encounter significant challenges with minimal support. This qualitative study examined the lived experiences of 10 carers of stroke survivors with moderate to severe dependency in Klang Valley. Guided by Schlossberg’s transition theory, in-depth interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged: (1) focus shifted toward the stroke survivors, (2) caregiving repercussions, (3) lack of resources, (4) ways of surviving hardships, and (5) beauty emerging from hardships. Findings highlight the public health importance of integrating carer support into post-stroke services, particularly in aging societies. Policy measures should include structured carer training, expanded community rehabilitation, workplace flexibility, and stronger linkages between health care, social services, and non-governmental organizations. Addressing these needs can enhance carer wellbeing, improve survivor outcomes and reduce long-term health system burdens.
43. Listening to Indigenous Elders: An Evaluation of the Cultural Health Stations in Taiwan.
期刊: Asia-Pacific journal of public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Council of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan has established tribal-based Cultural Health Stations offering basic health services and social activities for Indigenous communities. However, little is known about the factors influencing participation. This pilot study examined the reasons for attendance among older adults from five Paiwan communities in eastern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire, informed by Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and shaped through community consensus, was administered to 211 elders, 77 of whom were attending Cultural Health Stations. Participants who attended were generally older, female, living alone, not engaged in paid work or farming, and reported positive perceptions of the activities. Common reasons for non-attendance included time constraints, preference for alternative social settings, and dissatisfaction with the programs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that being aged 75 or older, living alone, and reporting a higher self-rated ability to manage health issues were positively associated with attendance. In contrast, having paid employment was negatively associated. Findings from the open-ended questions suggested attendees appreciated services and activities but requested more cultural content. Non-attendees expressed that activities should be inclusive of different age groups and ability levels, culturally connected to local communities, and mindful that many elders still need to work. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating elders’ perspectives in the planning and evaluation of community-based services and may inform policy improvements for Indigenous elder care in Taiwan. However, it is also necessary to consider the economic circumstances of elders, design culturally centered activities, and respond to their interest in courses related to cultural transmission to ensure services are both accessible and meaningful.
44. Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette and Flavored Cigar Ban Among Black and White Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes, United States, 2024.
期刊: Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Menthol flavoring is a critical public health issue, but prior research has largely represented the voices of White adults who smoke menthol cigarettes, who represent a small subset of adults who smoke menthol cigarettes in the United States. This study compared perceptions of a hypothetical menthol cigarette or flavored cigar (MC/FC) ban among Black and White adults who smoke menthol cigarettes. Participants were a convenience sample of 2113 Black and 1087 White adults who smoke menthol cigarettes, collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk from July 2023 through January 2024. Participants reported opinions about an MC/FC ban, the likely public health outcomes, and a hypothetical impact of the ban on their smoking behavior. We used stepwise logistic regression to model factors associated with ban opposition or ambivalence. More than one-third of adults who smoke menthol cigarettes supported an MC/FC ban (37.2% Black vs 34.5% White; P = .13), but Black (vs White) adults who smoke menthol cigarettes were more likely to endorse the public health benefits of a ban, as assessed via agreement with 5 statements of US Food and Drug Administration rationale (mean [SD] number of statements endorsed, 3.0 [1.7] vs 2.4 [1.8]; P < .001). Smoking more cigarettes per day, believing that menthol cigarettes are more addictive or harder to quit than nonmenthol cigarettes, and intending to continue using nicotine under a ban increased the odds of opposition or ambivalence to the ban. Targeted outreach to those who consume predominantly menthol products and those who do not intend to quit nicotine could increase support of an MC/FC ban among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.
45. Placental Growth Factor Led Management of the Small for Gestational Age Fetus: Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study.
期刊: BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
To determine the feasibility of a trial investigating the optimal timing for the birth of women with a suspected late preterm and term SGA baby using either angiogenic biomarker-led care or standard care. A mixed methods study including a randomised feasibility trial, interviews, questionnaires and economic analysis. Two tertiary maternity hospitals in the UK. Women with suspected SGA pregnancies between 32+0 weeks gestation and 37+6 weeks gestation. Women were randomised in a 3:1 ratio to biomarker-led care versus standard care. Biomarker tests were either revealed, with birth delayed until 40 weeks if normal (sFlt-1/PlGF < 38 pg/mL) and considered from 37 weeks if abnormal (sFlt-1/PlGF ≥ 38 pg/mL), or concealed alongside standard care. Primary outcome was the feasibility of the study measured through the recruitment rate and adherence. Secondary outcomes were the qualitative, proof-of-concept and economic analyses. Out of 128 women invited to participate 78 women were recruited giving a recruitment rate of 60.1% (95% confidence interval 52%-69%). Sixty-seven of the 78 women consented to randomisation. Sixteen parents and 12 clinicians were interviewed. Fourty parents completed a questionnaire. Participants, partners and clinicians viewed the study as acceptable but experienced challenges in participation and delivering the study. There were no significant adverse events or differences in neonatal outcomes. Collection of health economics data was feasible. The clinical, qualitative and economic results support the acceptability of utilising sFlt-1/PlGF to refine SGA management after 32+0 weeks but the feasibility is less certain.
46. Bioactive peptides from milk proteins: current insights into novel preparation strategies and application prospects.
期刊: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
The rising global burden of chronic diseases necessitates safer and more sustainable alternatives to conventional pharmaceuticals, which are often associated with adverse effects and high costs. Bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from milk proteins have emerged as promising candidates, offering a multifaceted approach to health promotion and disease prevention. However, BPs exhibit inherent limitations, such as poor palatability and low bioavailability. Additionally, conventional screening methods for BPs suffer from low efficiency. This review critically analyzes traditional and novel strategies for liberating BPs from milk proteins, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and their synergistic combination. Crucially, it extends beyond production to explore cutting-edge solutions to longstanding challenges in BPs development, such as peptide self-assembly and advanced delivery systems. Furthermore, it highlights the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in bridging peptide sequences with their biofunctions and optimizing production parameters. Notably, the integration of AI has revolutionized the field by enabling the prediction of structure-function relationships between peptide sequences and bioactivities. AI further facilitates the optimization of production parameters, overcoming inefficiencies and limitations of conventional screening methods. Collectively, these technological advancements provide a strong foundation for developing high-value peptide-based nutraceuticals and functional foods, promoting applications in precise nutrition and targeted disease intervention.
47. Optimising 24-Hour movement behaviours in preschoolers through parenting practices: an evidence-based intervention study.
期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Establishing healthy 24-hour movement behaviours early in life is crucial for long-term health. However, few preschoolers comply with the 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines. Given the pivotal role of parents in shaping children’s health habits, interventions targeting parenting practices may optimise these behaviours in preschoolers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the ‘Move ARound And Get Active’ (MARGA) intervention in improving preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviour composition, guideline compliance, and parents’ parenting practices. A two-armed, non-equivalent pretest-post-test control group design was conducted in Belgium. The MARGA intervention, co-created with parents, incorporated seven interactive sessions over 11 weeks, focussing on parenting practices conceptualised within the Self-Determination Theory and behaviour change methods such as planning and goal setting. Participants included preschoolers (2.5-6 years) and one parent per child (n = 141; 49 intervention, 92 control). The primary outcomes were changes in preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviour composition and guideline compliance measured using accelerometers and proxy-reported diary. Secondary outcomes included changes in proxy-reported parents’ parenting practices. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were performed. In addition, intervention implementation was investigated. The intervention showed no significant impact on the overall 24-hour movement behaviour composition, nor on 24 h-movement behaviour guideline compliance. However, favourable intervention effects were observed for screen time guideline compliance (ITT: d = 1.5, p = 0.04, PP: d = 8.6, p = < 0.001) and combinations of screen time and physical activity (ITT: d = 1.2, p = 0.05, PP: d = 1.7, p = 0.04) or sleep (PP: d = 1.7, p = 0.05) guideline compliance. Parenting practices also improved in parents from the intervention condition compared to parents from the control condition, including setting screen time rules (ITT: d = 0.79, p = 0.01, PP: d = 1.1, p = 0.001), providing choices within sleep routines (ITT: d = 0.63, p = 0.04, PP: d = 0.68, p = 0.05), parent and preschooler performing physical activity together (PP: d = 0.76, p = 0.03) and explaining screen time rules (PP: d = 0.68, p = 0.05). Implementation scores indicated moderate engagement, with attendance rates averaging 49.7%. The intervention showed modest improvements in preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviours and parenting practices. Extended follow-up observations might be required to capture changes in preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviours, especially considering that the intervention targets preschoolers indirectly by first aiming to influence parents’ parenting practices. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT06171191).
48. Additive Effects of Olfactory and Auditory Dysfunction on Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.
期刊: The Laryngoscope 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Disturbance of hearing or olfaction is known to be associated with cognitive impairment. Multisensory impairment-simultaneous dysfunction in multiple senses-is common among older adults. This study examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and the co-occurrence of olfactory and auditory dysfunctions in older adults. Data were obtained from a population-based survey. Of 1346 randomly selected residents, 527 participated; after excluding 22 with incomplete data, 505 residents aged 65-84 years were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed using the Japanese Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (Qmci-J). Olfactory and auditory function, assessed using the Open Essence test and pure-tone audiometry, respectively, were classified as normal, moderate, or severe, yielding nine combined groups. Associations with cognitive impairment (Qmci-J ≤ 60) were examined using modified Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), adjusting for demographic, health-related, and socioeconomic covariates. Among 505 participants, 225 (44.6%) had cognitive impairment. Severe dysfunction in either olfaction or audition, combined with at least moderate dysfunction in the other, was significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The highest PR was observed in participants with severe dysfunction in both senses (PR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.16-3.10). These associations remained significant even after adjustment for all covariates. Although no significant additive or multiplicative interaction was observed, the co-occurrence of severe olfactory and auditory dysfunctions showed the highest PR, consistent with an additive effect. Olfactory and auditory dysfunctions are additively associated with cognitive impairment, highlighting the importance of considering multisensory impairment in older adults. The technical efficacy of this study is high. The study design, data collection procedures, and statistical analyses are clearly described and reproducible. In addition, all key assessments used in this study, including the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (Qmci), the Open Essence Test, and pure-tone audiometry, are standardized, validated, and widely accepted measures, as detailed in the manuscript.
49. Comparison of morning vs evening exercise on weight loss and related health behaviors in individuals with overweight or obesity: study protocol for a 56-week randomized controlled trial (TIMEX).
期刊: Trials 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Aerobic exercise is recommended for weight management. Recent evidence suggests that there may be time-dependent differences in how exercise affects body weight and energy balance regulation. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effect of morning versus evening aerobic exercise on changes in body composition and components of energy balance in adults with overweight and obesity. The Timing Intervention of Morning versus Evening EXercise (TIMEX) study is a two-arm, 56-week, block randomized (1:1) aerobic exercise intervention. One hundred twenty-eight adults with overweight and obesity will be randomized to engage in morning (AM-Ex, 06:00-10:00) or evening (PM-Ex, 15:00-19:00) moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise progressing to 2000 kcal/week of energy expenditure. The primary outcome is change in body weight at 7 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in body composition, energy intake, hunger and eating behaviors, energy expenditure, and physical activity behaviors at 7 and 13 months. Aerobic exercise elicits modest weight loss; however, there is substantial inter-individual variability in the weight loss response with some individuals losing significant amounts of weight and others gaining weight. The time of day exercise is performed may contribute to this weight loss variability. Understanding how the time of day of exercise affects weight loss and components of energy balance may lead to tailored exercise interventions that enhance weight loss. The TIMEX study will determine the effect of a guidelines-based dose of aerobic exercise completed in the morning versus the evening on weight loss, energy intake, and energy expenditure. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02153252. Registered on 12/10/2021.
50. Reforming nursing reimbursement: direct payment models under Iran's Nursing Service Act in a global context.
期刊: Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
51. Individualized Beta Frequency Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Enhances Corticospinal Plasticity in Healthy Adults.
期刊: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can alter cortical excitability by modulating dendritic plasticity and spine density; however, its efficacy exhibits high interindividual variability. Recent findings suggest that noninvasive brain stimulation with individualized beta-band frequency improves cortical plasticity. This study investigated whether iTBS applied at an individualized beta-band frequency could increase specific cortical excitability (ie, L2/3 interneurons and L5 pyramidal neurons), prolonging effects and reducing variability. In total, 30 healthy individuals participated in two experiments using a randomized, cross-over design with three conditions: individualized beta-band frequency iTBS (individualized iTBS), conventional iTBS, and sham stimulation. Each intervention was applied for 190 seconds over the left primary motor cortex (M1). For individualized iTBS, the standard 50-Hz burst frequency was replaced with each participant’s peak beta-band corticomuscular coherence between electroencephalography over the left M1 and electromyography from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. In experiment 1, we evaluated the immediate effects of each intervention on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral-medial (LM) orientations. In experiment 2, we assessed the duration of changes in corticospinal excitability at 10-minute intervals up to 60 minutes after stimulation. Individualized iTBS immediately increased PA-MEPs and LM-MEPs, and sustained improvement of corticospinal excitability for up to 50 minutes. Conversely, conventional iTBS induced an immediate increase only in PA-MEPs but failed to produce sustained improvement. Sham iTBS induced no significant changes in either PA-MEPs or LM-MEPs and did not elicit any lasting effects. Furthermore, in experiment 2, responders were defined as individuals with a Post0-to-Pre-MEP ratio >1.15, and the responder rate was higher with individualized iTBS (62.5%) than with conventional iTBS (37.5%). These findings suggest that individualized beta-band frequency iTBS improves the duration of corticospinal excitability and reduces interindividual variability, possibly through improved specific cortical excitability.
52. Early Walnut Powder Introduction for Prevention of Walnut Sensitisation in High-Risk Infants With Eczema: An Open-Label, Randomised, Non-Inferiority Trial.
期刊: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
53. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Modern Contraceptive Use Among Orang Asli Women in Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
期刊: Asia-Pacific journal of public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Evidence on modern contraceptive use among Orang Asli women is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors influencing modern contraceptive use among married or cohabiting Orang Asli women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Data from 3249 Orang Asli women in the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey (OAHS), a cross-sectional study employing a two-stage stratified random sampling design, were analyzed. Complex sample analysis with logistic regression was applied. The study found that 53.3% of Orang Asli women used modern contraceptives. Key factors significantly associated with contraceptive use included residence in remote areas (aOR=1.88; 95% CI = 1.08, 3.27), age 20-34 years (aOR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.91, 3.09), and having three or more children (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.75, 2.70). The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among Orang Asli women exceeded Malaysia’s national average and Indigenous populations globally. Improving accessibility and affordability remains critical, particularly for Orang Asli women in urban areas, to reduce disparities.
54. MCSPACE: inferring microbiome spatiotemporal dynamics from high-throughput co-localization data.
期刊: Microbiome 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Recent advances in high-throughput approaches for estimating co-localization of microbes, such as SAMPL-seq, allow characterization of the biogeography of the gut microbiome longitudinally and at an unprecedented scale. However, these high-dimensional data are complex and have unique noise properties. To address these challenges, we developed MCSPACE, a probabilistic AI method that infers, from microbiome co-localization data, spatially coherent assemblages of taxa, their dynamics over time, and their responses to perturbations. To evaluate MCSPACE’s capabilities, we generated the largest longitudinal microbiome co-localization dataset to date, profiling spatial relationships of microbes in the guts of mice subjected to serial dietary perturbations over 76 days. Analyses of these data and two existing human longitudinal datasets demonstrated superior benchmarking performance of MCSPACE over existing methods and moreover yielded insights into the spatiotemporal structuring of the gut microbiome, including identifying temporally persistent and dynamic microbial assemblages in the human gut, and shifts in assemblages in the murine gut induced by specific dietary components. Our results highlight the utility of MCSPACE, which we make available to the community as an open-source software tool, for elucidating the dynamics of microbiome biogeography and gaining insights into the role of spatial relationships in host-microbial ecosystem function. Video Abstract.
55. Prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal pain among abdominal and pelvic surgeons with intelligent physical exercise training (IPET) and intraoperative ergonomic recommendations (ERGO): study protocol for a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial in Denmark and North America (USA).
期刊: Trials 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Surgeons are in high demand due to the ageing population’s increased need for surgery. However, the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) threatens their career longevity. While improving intraoperative ergonomics is crucial, physical exercise training is also widely used in managing MSP. The objective is to investigate the added effectiveness of intelligent physical exercise training (IPET) when combined with intraoperative ergonomic recommendations (ERGO), compared to ERGO alone, in reducing MSP among abdominal and pelvic surgeons. This pragmatic, multicenter, 20-week, superiority, open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) is conducted in two phases. Phase 1 is a 3-month ergonomic educational period (ERGO) delivered to all participants. Phase 2 is the RCT, where participants are randomized 1:1 to ERGO (control) or ERGO + IPET (intervention). ERGO provides recommendations for operating room (OR) ergonomics, including posture and microbreaks, displayed in and around ORs. IPET prescribes 50 min of individualized weekly exercise, tailored to MSP, job profile (sedentary, walking/standing, or heavy work), physical capacity, and health risk indicators, and is delivered via a mobile application. Eligible surgeons specialize in gynecology, urology, and colorectal surgery and perform ≥ 4 h/week of abdominal or pelvic surgery (robot-assisted, laparoscopic, or open, excluding vaginal surgery), and complete the Phase 1 questionnaire. Surgeons advised against exercise by their GP are excluded. Participants are recruited from regional and academic hospitals in Denmark and North America. Enrollment begins with completion of the ERGO survey and consent in the baseline questionnaire. Recruitment started 13 December 2023, with a target sample size of 83. The primary effect of interest is the between-group difference in MSP intensity (0-10 numeric rating scale) at 20 weeks in the body part reported as most painful at baseline, analyzed using a linear mixed model with baseline MSP as covariate. Harms include increases in MSP or injury, though these will not be systematically collected. Participants and research staff are not blinded. Outcome interpretation will be blinded to group allocation. This trial addresses a gap in strategies to mitigate MSP among surgeons by combining ergonomics recommendations with app-delivered IPET. Findings may inform strategies to improve surgeon well-being and reduce future workforce shortages. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06112106. Registered on October 4, 2023.
56. A Pilot Historical-Control Study of Nudge-Based Semi-Supervised Resistance Exercise in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment.
期刊: International journal of geriatric psychiatry 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of the nudges-based semi-supervised resistance exercise program in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A Pilot Historical-Control Study. Participants in the intervention group received a 12-week semi-supervised resistance exercise with nudges. The historical control group consisted of participants from a prior study by our team who received fully-supervised resistance training. Propensity score matching was performed to generate matched pairs. The primary outcome was the feasibility, including recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence, labor resource costs and participants’ perceptions regarding nudges’ usefulness. The secondary outcomes were cognitive function and physical function. A total of 30 participants in the intervention group and 33 participants in the historical control group completed the program. The recruitment rate for the intervention group was 47.22%, and the retention rate was 88.24%. In the historical control group, the recruitment rate was 59.02%, and the retention rate was 91.67%. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the adherence rates for the intervention and control groups were 96.59% and 91.85%, respectively, with no significant difference observed (Z = 1.309, p = 0.191). The intervention group required 15.25 healthcare professional labor hours (344.65 RMB), lower than the control group (24 h; 542.4 RMB). Most nudges were assessed as beneficial; however, certain ones were deemed ineffective, and some that initially showed promise diminished impacts over time. Both groups exhibited significant improvements in cognitive and physical functions from pre-to post-intervention, with no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The semi-supervised resistance exercise program with nudges is a viable alternative compared to fully-supervised mode. Large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate these findings.
57. Equine monocyte-derived macrophages revisited: isolation and comprehensive characterization of pro- versus anti-inflammatory polarisation.
期刊: The veterinary quarterly 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis and regeneration-associated inflammation. Unlike humans, a reliable protocol to obtain and polarise equine monocyte-derived macrophages is lacking. In this study the polarisation of equine macrophages, derived from CD172a+ peripheral blood monocytes is described. After differentiation, IFN-γ/LPS or IL-4 were used to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, respectively. Evaluation criteria included morphology, mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (flow cytometry, immunofluorescence), nitric oxide and arginase production, cytokine secretion (multiplex), and functional effects of conditioned medium (CM). IFN-γ/LPS-stimulated cells exhibited a rounded morphology with cytoplasmic extensions, while IL-4 stimulation induced spindle-shaped and multinucleated giant cells. IFN-γ/LPS upregulated CXCL8, CD86, IL10 and TGFB1 mRNA, whereas IL-4 upregulated CXCL8, MRC1 and TGFB1. Polarisation was confirmed with IFN-γ/LPS-stimulated macrophages expressing CD86 and secreting TNFα and IL-1β, while IL-4-stimulation increased CD206 positivity and VEGFα expression. Increased proliferation and altered mRNA expression in tendon cells treated with 50% CM further validate the functional impact of macrophage polarisation. In summary, a robust protocol to obtain equine macrophages was developed, followed by in-depth characterization of their pro- and anti-inflammatory polarisation. Given the horse’s increasing relevance as large animal model, this research holds both a strong species-specific and translational value.
58. Distribution and Primate Hosts of the Bot Fly Cuterebra baeri Across the Americas.
期刊: American journal of primatology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Species distributions are influenced by evolutionary history and interactions with biotic and abiotic factors, thereby providing crucial insights into ecological interactions. However, despite their ecological significance, parasite distribution maps remain scarce. This study investigated the distribution of Cuterebra baeri, a primate-specific ectoparasite, through comprehensive systematic literature review and analysis of data from iNaturalist. Cuterebra baeri was documented in primates ranging from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, including the initial documentation from Guatemala. Four previously undocumented howler monkey host species were identified (Alouatta discolor, A. guariba, A. nigerrima, and A. sara), expanding the Alouatta host species count to nine. Alouatta palliata exhibited the highest proportion of photographic observations from iNaturalist depicting at least one individual with nodules. Spatial analysis revealed 10 clusters in the distribution of C. baeri, primarily concentrated north of the Equator around 10° N. These findings carry significant implications for primate conservation and behavioral ecology, as sites with parasitized monkeys facilitate the identification of populations experiencing health risks and likely support populations employing behavioral strategies to mitigate parasitic metabolic costs. This study demonstrates how citizen science data can effectively complement traditional scientific studies to generate comprehensive distributions of primate parasites. Las distribuciones de las especies están determinadas por su historia evolutiva y por interacciones con factores bióticos y abióticos, aportando perspectivas cruciales sobre las interacciones ecológicas. Sin embargo, a pesar de su relevancia ecológica, los mapas de distribución de parásitos siguen siendo escasos. Este estudio investigó la distribución de Cuterebra baeri, un ectoparásito específico de primates, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura y el análisis de datos de iNaturalist. Cuterebra baeri fue documentado en primates desde el sur de México hasta el sur de Brasil, incluyendo el primer registro en Guatemala. Se identificaron cuatro especies de monos aulladores como hospederos previamente no reportados (Alouatta discolor, A. guariba, A. nigerrima y A. sara), lo que eleva a nueve el número de especies de hospederos del género Alouatta. Alouatta palliata presentó la mayor proporción de observaciones con fotografías en iNaturalist que mostraban al menos un individuo con nódulos. El análisis espacial reveló 10 clusters en la distribución de C. baeri, principalmente concentrados al norte del ecuador, alrededor de los 10° N. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones relevantes para la conservación y la ecología conductual de primates, ya que los sitios con monos parasitados permiten identificar poblaciones en riesgo de salud y probablemente albergan poblaciones que emplean estrategias conductuales para mitigar los costos metabólicos asociados al parasitismo. Este estudio demuestra cómo los datos de ciencia ciudadana pueden complementar eficazmente los estudios científicos tradicionales para generar distribuciones integrales de parásitos de primates.
59. Trends in Height and Body Mass Among Adolescents Between 2002-2003 and 2019-2021 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
期刊: American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess secular trends in height and body mass among adolescents from 2002-2003 to 2019-2021 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Height and body mass data for Hong Kong adolescents aged 12-17 years were obtained from the Survey on Physical Fitness Status of Hong Kong School Pupils in 2002-2003, 2004-2005, 2009-2010, 2014-2015, and 2019-2021. Gender-specific two-way analysis of variance with age and wave as main factors, and age-by-wave as the interaction, was used to estimate the differences. The pace of secular trends was expressed as the changes every five years across adjacent waves. During the entire period, the average height increased by 2.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 2.6 cm) among boys and 1.8 cm (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.3 cm) among girls, while average body mass increased by 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.4 to 5.5 kg) and 2.1 kg (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.9 kg), respectively. Significant increases were observed in most age groups. The greatest increases in height occurred between 2002-2003 and 2004-2005 among boys and between 2014-2015 and 2019-2021 among girls. The greatest increases in body mass among boys occurred between 2014-2015 and 2019-2021. The increases in body mass among girls were relatively stable. The height and body mass have increased among Hong Kong adolescents during the past nearly two decades. The downward trend in height and the upward trend in body mass among boys is concerning, and future health promotion strategies should prioritize them.
60. Uro-Protective Role of Lacosamide Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis via Notch1/NICD/NF-κB Pathway: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Rat Model Validation.
期刊: Archiv der Pharmazie 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cystitis, characterized by bladder inflammation, represents a significant clinical challenge in cancer chemotherapy, particularly with cyclophosphamide administration. Drug repurposing, which involves applying existing pharmaceuticals to new therapeutic areas, offers increased efficiency, reduced costs, and lower risks. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the uro-protective application of lacosamide, an FDA-approved antiepileptic drug, against cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis via suppression of the Notch-1/NICD/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Network pharmacology analysis identified key molecular targets and pathways involved in lacosamide’s protective mechanisms, followed by molecular docking studies that validated the binding interactions between lacosamide and target proteins. In vivo validation was performed using adult male Wistar rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Network analysis revealed Notch-1 as a primary target for lacosamide’s uroprotective action. Experimental validation demonstrated that lacosamide pretreatment significantly attenuated oxidative bladder injury by decreasing malondialdehyde levels while enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content. Lacosamide substantially downregulated pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 via NF-κB suppression. Additionally, lacosamide suppressed the Notch-1/NICD/NF-κB pathway, elevated Bcl-2 expression, and reduced Bax protein and caspase-3 levels. Histopathological examination corroborated biochemical findings. Lacosamide demonstrates significant uro-protective efficacy through coordinated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms through modulation of Notch-1/NICD/NF-κB pathway.
61. Phenotypic Analysis of Embryos in a Noonan Syndrome Model Mouse With the Rit1 A57G Mutation.
期刊: Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Noonan syndrome is a congenital genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, short stature, and congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of these disorders. Germline mutations in RIT1 have also been identified in patients with Noonan syndrome. Patients with RIT1 mutations frequently exhibit cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lymphatic disorders. However, it remains unclear when cardiovascular abnormalities and lymphatic disorders develop and whether these disorders influence prognosis during the fetal period. We investigated the cardiovascular and lymphatic phenotypes of Rit1A57G/+ embryos. To elucidate that the activation of MEK/ERK is the involvement of cardiac abnormalities in Rit1A57G/+ embryos, we administered a MEK1/2 inhibitor to Rit1A57G/+ embryos and investigated the cardiovascular phenotypes. At E16.5, Rit1A57G/+ embryos exhibited cardiac hypertrophy without cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and demonstrated progressive cell proliferation. Furthermore, Rit1A57G/+ embryos exhibited pulmonary valve stenosis and lymphatic vessel expansion. Maternal intraperitoneal injection of PD0325901, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, prevented cardiac hypertrophy in Rit1A57G/+ embryos. Rit1 mutation causes cardiovascular and lymphatic abnormalities in the fetal period, and that the activation of MEK/ERK is the potential pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.
62. PCE-CfD and Long Covid: An NHS Service Evaluation on the Benefits of Using Person-Centred Experiential Counselling for Depression With People With Long Covid.
期刊: Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Long Covid is a condition affecting multiple organ systems and the mental health of patients. To address this, two National Health Service (NHS) services in the West Midlands developed an integrated long-term conditions (LTCs) pathway, co-produced between a ‘Post Covid’ service and an NHS Talking Therapy service for anxiety and depression (TTAD). Eligible people with Long Covid were offered person-centred experiential counselling for depression (PCE-CfD) to help improve their mental health. Despite limited evidence for PCE-CfD in managing depression linked to LTCs, it was identified that a humanistic approach could help address the disrupted self-narratives that existed with this cohort of patients. This NHS service evaluation investigated outcomes from clients with Long Covid who received PCE-CfD, specifically the impact on reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, and improved social and occupational functioning. It analysed pre- and post-treatment client/patient self-reported data using routine outcome measures, including the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and WSAS. A non-experimental cohort design was used to analyse anonymised routinely collected secondary data. Data that met the inclusion criteria were extracted for treatment delivered between August 2022 and October 2024. Paired t-tests were used to examine whether there were significant improvements between pre- and post-treatment outcome measures. For people with Long Covid that completed treatment (n = 31), three t-tests were completed showing a significant reduction from PCE-CfD treatment, in depression (p < 0.01), anxiety (p < 0.01) and social functioning (p < 0.05). Cohen’s d values indicated a very large effect size for a treatment effect in the reduction of depression (d = 2.1) and anxiety symptoms (d = 1.2). Recovery rates were analysed, using the NHS Talking Therapy recovery rate calculation, which showed that 83.87% of the people with Long Covid who were treated reached ‘recovery’, a much higher rate than the 48% NHS England target. This NHS service evaluation underscores the effectiveness of PCE-CfD in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as improving social and occupational functioning. These improvements observed in routine outcome measures highlight the benefits of offering a humanistic approach to people with Long Covid. These small but significant findings offer valuable insights into future service delivery and research in managing mental health challenges associated with chronic health conditions. This NHS service evaluation uses secondary data analysis, meaning PPIE did not take place in advance. However, PPIE discussions could arise when disseminating its findings that could lead to further research in this area.