公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-12-21)

共收录 58 篇研究文章

1. Understanding the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life and Willingness to Pay for Obesity Management in the APAC Region.

期刊: Clinical obesity 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed

摘要

Overweight and obesity are estimated to affect more than 40% of adults in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to assess the impact of obesity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL)-Lite instrument and willingness to pay for obesity management among adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18 kg/m2 in Australia, India and South Korea. A total of 2952 adults completed the survey. Most respondents (82%) were concerned with their weight, increasing with obesity class. Rated on a scale of 0-100 (worst to best quality of life), the mean (SD) overall IWQOL-Lite score was 61 (30) with no differences by gender. The mean lowest score was in the self-esteem domain, with female respondents reporting greater impairment than male respondents (47 vs. 53, p < 0.05). Total IWQOL-Lite and domain scores declined with increasing weight class (mean of 81 for individuals with normal weight to 35 for those with Obesity Class III). Of the 1752 individuals living with obesity, 80% would be willing to pay USD $25 per month for a weight loss method requiring minimal/moderate changes to diet, exercise and lifestyle that would enable them to achieve weight loss in 1 year; nearly half were willing to pay USD $225 per month. Our study highlights the negative impact of weight on the HRQOL of individuals in three APAC countries and the willingness to pay to achieve weight loss.

2. The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Low-Intensity Continuous and High-Intensity Interval Sessions in Endurance Trained Women: The FENDURA Project.

期刊: European journal of sport science 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed

摘要

The influence of the menstrual cycle (MC) on the acute responses to endurance training remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the MC on the physiological and perceptual responses to standardized low-intenstiy continuous (LIT) and high-intensity interval sessions (HIT). Naturally menstruating endurance-trained women performed a standardized LIT (n = 23) and/or HIT (n = 23) session during the early-follicular (EFP), ovulatory (OP), and mid-luteal (MLP) phases of 2 MCs. Physiological (i.e., oxygen uptake ( V ˙ $\dot{V}$ O2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration (BLa)) and perceptual variables (i.e., rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mood state) were measured. MC phases were determined using urinary ovulation kits and verified with serum hormone analysis. Non-eumenorrheic MCs were excluded from analysis. During LIT and HIT, ventilation (VE) was higher in MLP than OP (p < 0.001) and BLa was slightly higher in EFP than OP (LIT, p = 0.004, HIT, p = 0.001). During HIT, V ˙ $\dot{V}$ O2 (p = 0.025) and HR (p = 0.036) were slightly higher during MLP than OP. RPE was slightly higher in EFP than OP in the LIT (p = 0.036) and HIT (p < 0.001). Vigor (p < 0.001) and tension (p = 0.036) were highest in EFP. No phase by time interactions were observed for any of the outcome variables throughout either session type (p > 0.05). MC phase had a modest effect on several physiological and perceptual measures during LIT and HIT. However, the between-phase differences were small and no clear trends emerged across variables to indicate that the overall demands of a LIT or HIT session would be substantially altered in any one particular MC phase.

3. [Position paper on procedures in allergology. Asociación Colombiana de Alergia Asma e Inmunología (ACAAI)].

期刊: Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed

摘要

Allergic diseases affect approximately 25% of the global population. Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent unnecessary restrictions and to implement precision medicine tailored to each patient’s specific needs. This manual establishes clear guidelines for the main clinical allergy procedures, detailing their indications, diagnostic performance, and applicability in the Latin American context. The Colombian Association of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (ACAAI) conducted a thorough literature review to compile the most utilized clinical allergy procedures. We provide specific recommendations for each procedure, incorporating operational guidelines, diagnostic accuracy, and clinical indications. Furthermore, allergists from various Latin American countries reviewed this manual to ensure its regional applicability. We formulated evidence-based and operationally feasible recommendations for the execution and interpretation of nine critical allergy procedures: 1) skin prick tests, 2) intradermal tests, 3) patch tests, 4) nasal provocation tests, 5) oral provocation tests, 6) provocation tests for inducible urticarias, 7) drug desensitization, 8) food tolerance induction, and 9) allergen immunotherapy. Our document was validated by allergists from Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru, confirming its relevance and applicability in their clinical practices. This position paper delivers a practical manual for executing and interpreting allergy procedures. Its implementation will enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision, ensuring a safe and effective approach to allergic disease management across Latin America. Las alergias afectan al 25% de la población mundial. El diagnóstico preciso es decisivo para evitar restricciones innecesarias e implementar estrategias de medicina de precisión adaptada a las necesidades específicas de cada paciente. Este manual establece directrices claras para los principales procedimientos clínicos en alergología, detallando sus indicaciones, rendimiento diagnóstico y aplicabilidad en el contexto latinoamericano. La Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (ACAAI) realizó una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura para compilar los procedimientos más utilizados en la práctica clínica de la alergología. Se proporcionan recomendaciones específicas para cada procedimiento, incorporando pautas operativas, precisión diagnóstica e indicaciones clínicas. Además, este manual fue revisado por alergólogos de diversos países latinoamericanos para garantizar su aplicabilidad regional. Se formularon recomendaciones fundamentadas en la evidencia y viables operativamente para la ejecución e interpretación de nueve procedimientos clave en alergología: 1) pruebas de punción cutánea, 2) pruebas intradérmicas, 3) pruebas epicutáneas, 4) pruebas de provocación nasal, 5) pruebas de provocación oral, 6) pruebas de provocación para urticarias inducibles, 7) desensibilización a fármacos, 8) inducción de tolerancia a alimentos e 9) inmunoterapia con alérgenos. El documento fue validado por alergólogos de Ecuador, México y Perú, quienes confirmaron su relevancia y aplicabilidad en sus prácticas clínicas. Este documento de posición proporciona un manual de directrices prácticas basadas para la ejecución e interpretación de procedimientos en alergología. Su implementación mejorará la precisión diagnóstica y terapéutica, garantizando un abordaje seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento de las enfermedades alérgicas en América Latina.

4. [The impact of heat waves in allergic diseases: Group Report of the Environmental Committee of the Mexican College of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (CMICA)].

期刊: Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed

摘要

The increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves, as a consequence of climate change, represents a growing risk to public health, particularly in populations with allergic and respiratory diseases. A review to describe the available evidence on the relationship between heat waves and the exacerbation of allergic diseases, with emphasis on the environmental and pathophysiological mechanisms involved. A structured search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science (2015-2025), complemented with regional literature, identifying 304 references. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 full-text articles were assessed, and 79 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Evidence confirms that heat waves are associated with an increase in hospital admissions for asthma and with more frequent consultations for atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. The mechanisms identified include intensified pollen production and dispersal, synergy with air pollutants, disruption of the epithelial barrier, and activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The lack of well-defined study protocols for managing allergic patients during heat waves represents a gap not only in Mexico and Latin America but also worldwide. Key limitations include the absence of standardized definitions, the scarcity of multi-exposure analysis models, and the lack of comprehensive strategies for urban mitigation and clinical adaptation to protect the most vulnerable groups. In the case of allergic rhinitis, the available data remain inconclusive regarding exacerbations associated with heat waves. El incremento en frecuencia e intensidad de las olas de calor, como consecuencia del cambio climático, representa un riesgo creciente para la salud pública, especialmente en poblaciones con enfermedades alérgicas y respiratorias. Revisión bibliográfica de la relación entre las olas de calor y la exacerbación de enfermedades alérgicas, con énfasis en los mecanismos ambientales y fisiopatológicos implicados. Se realizó la búsqueda estructurada en Scopus y Web of Science (2015–2025), complementada con bibliografía regional, identificándose 304 referencias. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se evaluaron 120 artículos a texto completo y se incluyeron 79 en la síntesis cualitativa. La evidencia confirma que las olas de calor se asocian con un incremento en los ingresos hospitalarios de pacientes con asma y elevada frecuencia en las consultas con dermatitis atópicas, en pacientes de edad pediátrica. Los mecanismos identificados incluyen: intensificación de la producción y dispersión de polen, sinergia con contaminantes atmosféricos, disrupción de la barrera epitelial y activación de receptores de potencial transitorio. La falta de protocolos de estudio bien definidos para abordar a los pacientes alérgicos durante una ola de calor es una brecha no sólo en México y América Latina, sino en todo el mundo. Dentro de las principales limitaciones destacan: la falta de definiciones estandarizadas, la escasez de modelos de análisis multi-exposición y la carencia de estrategias integrales de mitigación urbana y adaptación clínica que protejan a los grupos más vulnerables. En el caso de la rinitis alérgica, los datos disponibles aún no son concluyentes en cuanto a las exacerbaciones relacionadas con olas de calor.

5. Risk factors for atopic eczema in Colombia, a tropical country.

期刊: Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed

摘要

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of atopic eczema (AE) in children/adolescents and adults and variables associated with risk factors. We used data from a cross-sectional, population-based study performed in six cities of Colombia during 2009-2010. A nested case-control study was used to determine AE-associated risk factors. In adults, AE was mainly associated with a family history of AE (adjusted OR [aOR] 4.66, 95%IC:3.18 to 6.82) and Allergic Rhinitis (AR) (aOR 2.21, 95%CI: 1.61 to 3.03). We also found a dose-dependent positive association between acetaminophen use and AE, being more assertive at once per week (aOR 2.12, 95%CI: 1.47 to 3.06) than once per month (aOR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.28 to 2.59). Female gender (aOR 1.49, 95%CI: 1.15 to 1.93), smoking (aOR 1.60, 95%CI: 1.19 to 2.14), and cats at home (aOR 1.57, 95%CI: 1.06 to 2.31), were positively associated with AE. In contrast, meat (aOR 0.45, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.74), and seafood consumption (aOR 0.71, 95%CI: 0.56 to 0.91) were negatively associated. In children/adolescents, family history of AR (aOR 2.97, 95%CI: 1.79 to 4.93) and acetaminophen consumption once per week (aOR 4.00, 95%CI: 1.39 to 11.50) were associated with AE. The most critical risk factors for AE were a family history of atopy and acetaminophen exposure, supporting an essential contribution of both genetic and environmental factors in disease presentation. Estimar la prevalencia del eccema atópico (EA) en niños, adolescentes y adultos, así como las variables asociadas con factores de riesgo. Se utilizaron datos de un estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado en seis ciudades de Colombia entre 2009 y 2010. Se empleó un estudio de casos y controles anidado para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al EA. En adultos, el eccema atópico se asoció principalmente con antecedentes familiares de EA (OR ajustada [ORa] 4,66; IC95%: 3,18 a 6,82) y rinitis alérgica (RA) (ORa 2,21; IC95%: 1,61 a 3,03). También se observó una asociación positiva dosis-dependiente entre el uso de paracetamol y la asertividad, siendo esta más frecuente con un uso semanal (ORa 2,12; IC95%: 1,47 a 3,06) que con un uso mensual (ORa 1,82; IC95%: 1,28 a 2,59). El sexo femenino (ORa 1,49; IC95%: 1,15 a 1,93), el tabaquismo (ORa 1,60; IC95%: 1,19 a 2,14) y la presencia de gatos en el hogar (ORa 1,57; IC del 95%: 1,06 a 2,31) se asociaron positivamente con la asertividad. En contraste, el consumo de carne (ORa 0,45; IC95%: 0,27 a 0,74) y de mariscos (ORa 0,71; IC95%: 0,56 a 0,91) se asoció negativamente. En niños y adolescentes, los antecedentes familiares de rinitis alérgica (ORa 2,97; IC95%: 1,79 a 4,93) y el consumo de paracetamol una vez por semana (ORa 4,00; IC95%: 1,39 a 11,50) se asociaron con dermatitis atópica. Los factores de riesgo más importantes para la dermatitis atópica fueron los antecedentes familiares de atopia y la exposición al paracetamol, lo que respalda la contribución esencial tanto de factores genéticos como ambientales en la manifestación de la enfermedad.

6. Domestic hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inadvertent exposure to feathers.

期刊: Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-31 链接: PubMed

摘要

Case series of patients with domestic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, focusing on hidden avian exposures or other non-suspected antigens (feather comforters and pillows). Seven female patients diagnosed with non-occupational HP were evaluated using clinical records from La Paz University Hospital (2014-2022). Data collected included exposure history, HRCT findings, IgG antibodies, BAL, biopsies, and treatment outcomes. Patients had a median age of 53.5 years (range: 15-75), with varied exposure to birds or indirect sources like feather duvets. Diagnosis was made based on HRCT, BAL, and biopsy findings. Five patients removed the antigen source, resulting in symptom improvement and pulmonary function in non-fibrotic cases. Corticosteroid treatment was given to all, with one patient requiring oxygen therapy. The median FEV1 improvement was 50 ml, and three patients with a non-fibrotic pattern showed improved DLCO after treatment. Early diagnosis and antigen avoidance are key to managing hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), especially in cases of hidden bird-related exposures. A multidisciplinary approach improved outcomes, particularly in non-fibrotic cases. Larger studies and broader antigen testing are needed to validate these findings and enhance diagnostic accuracy. Serie de casos de pacientes con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad doméstica, enfocándose en exposiciones aviares ocultas u otros antígenos no sospechosos (edredones y almohadas de plumas). Se evaluaron siete pacientes femeninas diagnosticadas con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad no ocupacional. Se utilizaron los registros clínicos del Hospital Universitario La Paz (2014-2022). Se recolectaron datos del antecedente de de exposición, hallazgos en HRCT, anticuerpos IgG, BAL, biopsias y resultados del tratamiento. Se registró una edad media de 53.5 años (rango: 15-75). Las pacientes tuvieron diversas exposiciones a aves o fuentes indirectas (edredones de plumas). El diagnóstico se basó en los hallazgos de HRCT, BAL y biopsia. Cinco pacientes eliminaron la fuente del antígeno, lo que resultó en la disminución de síntomas y mejora en la función pulmonar en los casos no fibrosos. Se administraron corticosteroides a todas, y una paciente requirió terapia con oxígeno. La mejora media del FEV1 fue de 50 mL, y tres pacientes con patrón no fibroso mostraron una mejora en la DLCO luego del tratamiento. El diagnóstico temprano y evitar el contacto con el antígeno son importantes en el tratamiento de pacientes con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, especialmente en quienes tienen exposiciones ocultas relacionadas con aves. El enfoque multidisciplinario mejora los resultados, particularmente en casos no fibróticos. Se requieren estudios con muestras más grandes y que realicen pruebas de antígenos más diversas para validar estos hallazgos y mejorar la precisión diagnóstica.

7. Incidence of ventral hernia surgery after laparoscopic bariatric surgery in Sweden: a registry-based study 2009-2019.

期刊: Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The incidence of trocar site hernia (TSH) after bariatric surgery is unclear. This study aims to describe the cumulative incidence of ventral hernia surgery after laparoscopic bariatric surgery in total and by laparoscopic method (LRYGB; Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and LSG; Sleeve Gastrectomy). This was a register based observational study on patients subjected to laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LRYGB or LSG) in Sweden 2009-2019. The Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) was linked to the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) to obtain instances of ventral hernia surgery. Nearby codes were used as proxies for TSH surgery, since a specific procedure code for TSH surgery is lacking. In 64 124 patients, mean follow-up was 67 ± 36 months, LRYGB (n = 52 020) 74 ± 34 months and LSG (n = 12 104) 34 ± 22 months. Mean time between bariatric- and ventral hernia surgery was 36 ± 28 months (range 0-129). The five-year cumulative incidence of surgery for ventral hernia was 2.9% (CI 2.8-3.1). The probability of having hernia surgery was significantly higher for LRYGB compared to LSG (Breslow test, p < 0.001), still significant with differences in follow-up time accounted for (p < 0.001). The incidence of surgery for ventral hernia after laparoscopic bariatric surgery is not negligible in this material covering over a decade of bariatric procedures. Ventral hernia surgery was more common after gastric bypass than after sleeve gastrectomy.

8. Analysing myopia in Europe: A comprehensive meta-analysis.

期刊: Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of myopia across European populations and assess its variation by age, region, gender, cycloplegic status, and urbanization. A total of 28 cross-sectional observational studies were included, comprising 347,651 individuals aged 4 to 99 years from various European countries. Studies were selected through systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and assessed using the MINORS criteria. Meta-analytical methods included pooled prevalence estimates, subgroup analyses, and heterogeneity assessments. The overall prevalence of myopia in Europe was 24.88% (95% CI: 20.82-28.94; 95% PI 8.3-52.1; I²=100%), reflecting substantial heterogeneity among studies. Prevalence varied by age, ranging from 3.3% in children to 49.7% in adolescents, and by region, with higher rates in Northern (25.97%) and Southern Europe (23.58%) than in Eastern Europe (22.66%). Prevalence was similar between genders. Studies using cycloplegic refraction reported slightly lower myopia rates. Myopia prevalence was similar between urban (25.88%) and rural areas (26.96%). The prevalence of high myopia (SE ≤ -6.0 D) was 3.09% (95% CI: 2.2-3.96; 95% PI: 0.5-8.4; I²=100%). Myopia prevalence in Europe shows wide between-study variability but overall affects roughly one in four individuals, particularly adolescents and populations in certain regions. These findings underscore the influence of environmental and methodological factors and the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria. Targeted public health measures may help address the growing burden of myopia across Europe.

9. Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1: Clinical, multimodal imaging features and response to treatment.

期刊: Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

To describe the clinical characteristics, multimodal imaging findings, and treatment response in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 1 (MactTel Type 1). This retrospective cohort study involved patients affected by idiopathic MactTel Type 1. Multimodal imaging with fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and fluorescein angiography were reviewed. Treatment response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and dexamethasone (DEX) implants was evaluated. A retrospective, observational study including 10 eyes from 10 patients diagnosed with MactTel Type 1. All eyes exhibited telangiectasias and microaneurysms in the foveal region. OCT showed intraretinal cysts and macular thickening. OCT-A demonstrated a mild reduction in superficial capillary density and numerous telangiectasias in the deep capillary plexus, correlating with macular edema. Fluorescein angiography revealed prominent parafoveal capillaries with late-phase leakage. Moreover, the presence of equatorial leakage was identified in 20% of cases and vascular hyperfluorescence in 60% of cases. Complete response to treatment was observed in 40% patients. MactTel type 1 predominantly affects the temporal retinal quadrants. While anti-VEGF therapy is minimally effective, intravitreal DEX appears to be a promising alternative.

10. Accuracy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy: a retrospective cohort study with MRI-only and MRI-CT fusion navigation.

期刊: Acta neurochirurgica 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Stereotactic-guided biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing intracranial lesions not amenable to surgical resection. Frameless techniques, such as the VarioGuide® system (Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany), offer a minimally invasive alternative, typically using MRI-based navigation. However, MRI-based navigation may be affected by geometric distortions that impair targeting precision. CT imaging provides superior geometric fidelity. This retrospective analysis evaluates the accuracy of frameless stereotactic biopsies in clinical routine. Patients were grouped based on the imaging modality used for neuronavigation-either MRI-only or MRI-CT fusion-allowing secondary comparison between both approaches. In this retrospective cohort study, 99 patients who underwent frameless stereotactic biopsy between February 2022 and September 2024 were analysed. Patients were grouped by neuronavigation modality: CT-MRI fusion-based (n = 18) and MRI-only (n = 81). Accuracy was assessed by measuring entry and target deviations using postoperative CT. Lesion volume, depth, procedure duration, and complication rates were also evaluated. Entry and targeting accuracy was comparable between groups (entry deviation: 5.2 ± 3.9 mm vs. 5.4 ± 3.0 mm, p = 0.84; target deviation: 4.2 ± 3.0 mm vs. 4.4 ± 2.7 mm, p = 0.85). Lesion volume and target depth showed no significant differences. No statistically significant differences in complication rates were observed between groups (27.8% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.14). MRI-only and CT-MRI fusion-based frameless stereotactic biopsies showed no statistically significant difference in targeting accuracy. While CT-based registration may theoretically reduce distortion-related errors, this was not reflected in our data. The choice of imaging modality should therefore be guided by clinical context and imaging availability. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the value of CT integration in specific clinical scenarios.

11. Systematic Evaluation of Utility and Usability of Publicly Available Mobile Apps for the Early Detection and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases.

期刊: Journal of medical systems 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The rapid spread of modern outbreaks frequently surpasses the response speed of traditional surveillance and laboratory systems. Mobile apps offer real-time symptom submission, geospatial mapping, and digital contact tracing, which might bridge this gap, yet their epidemiological value and user experience have not been assessed rigorously. We developed a novel framework to evaluate utility and usability of surveillance apps. We then demonstrated its use in a proof-of-concept evaluation. An assessment framework with 15 consolidated features was developed from an initial list of 73 identified through the literature and refined by experts. This framework directed the evaluation of available mobile apps for infectious disease surveillance identified via the App Store, Google Play Store, and relevant literature. Two authors applied the criteria independently, and conflicts were panel-resolved (κ = 0.60). Of the 56 apps screened, 11 met inclusion criteria. Six focused on a single disease, while five tracked multiple diseases. Seven were designed for national use, with four providing global coverage. High-scoring apps combined expert oversight with diverse data sources for broader disease coverage, whereas low performers relied on self-reporting and a single-disease focus. Apps offering user support and customisable alerts scored highest for usability; scores declined when privacy constraints restricted ease of use. This study presents a structured framework to guide evaluation of mobile apps for epidemic surveillance. The evaluation underscores the need to balance epidemiological functionality with user-friendly design and privacy-conscious features. As mobile apps expand in public health, balancing utility and usability is key to adoption and longevity.

12. Therapeutic comparison of hypertonic saline and mannitol in pediatric intracranial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

期刊: Child’s nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in pediatric patients is a critical condition that can lead to severe complications if not managed promptly. Hypertonic saline and mannitol are both commonly used to reduce ICP, yet their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. Despite widespread use, existing studies show mixed results, with variations in treatment protocols and patient outcomes. This uncertainty underscores the need for a clearer understanding of the most effective treatment for pediatric ICP management. To compare the effectiveness of hypertonic saline and mannitol in the management of elevated intracranial pressure in pediatric patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis, based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statements, was conducted (PROSPERO: CRD420251037689). A literature review was performed (sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases; end-of-search date: April 15, 2025), and quality assessment was performed using the ROB2 and NewCastle Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used to pool the data for the meta-analyses. A total of 631 patients from five studies were included in the mortality analysis, with 367 in the HTS group and 264 in the mannitol group. The risk of mortality was not significantly different between groups (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.54, 1.52; p = 0.71), with moderate heterogeneity observed (I2 = 41%). Two studies assessing ICP change at 72 h found no significant difference (mean difference: -3.79 mmHg, p = 0.46). Similarly, no significant difference was found for CPP change (mean difference: 4.55 mmHg, p = 0.36). Secondary outcomes, including ICU and hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration, showed no significant differences between groups. This meta-analysis found no significant differences in mortality, ICP, or CPP changes between the HTS and mannitol groups. Secondary outcomes, including ICU and hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration, also showed no notable differences. These findings suggest that both hypertonic saline and mannitol may be similarly effective for managing elevated ICP in pediatric patients.

13. Acute kidney injury in extremely preterm infants: findings from an Australian single-centre retrospective cohort study.

期刊: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in infants born extremely preterm (EPT, < 28 weeks’ gestation). Neonatal AKI is independently associated with increased mortality and is likely to be associated with kidney dysfunction later in life. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of AKI in EPT infants in a single tertiary neonatal centre. Retrospective study of EPT infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal centre in Australia between August 2020 and December 2022. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition (including creatinine and oliguria criteria). Comparisons between AKI and non-AKI cohorts used linear, logistic, or quantile regression. Of 204 infants admitted during the study period, 193 were included in the study (11 excluded due to death or medical transfer within 48 h after birth). Sixty infants (31%) had an episode of AKI during their inpatient admission: 31 (51.7%) had AKI stage 1, 11 (18.3%) had stage 2, and 18 (30%) had stage 3. Among these, 27 (45%) were recognised by the treating team, 18 (30%) had the diagnosis documented on their discharge summary, and three (5%) were referred for nephrology follow-up. Compared with the non-AKI cohort, infants with AKI were of lower gestational age and lower birth weight and had greater exposure to nephrotoxic medication. Infants with AKI had more episodes of sepsis, more days on respiratory support, and more days admitted to a tertiary centre than those without AKI. AKI in EPT infants is common and associates with multiple comorbidities and treatments in the NICU. These data highlight risk factors on which AKI screening and stewardship programmes can be focused.

14. Accurate localization of deep brain stimulation electrode contacts using extended Hounsfield unit computed tomography.

期刊: European radiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Accurate localization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes is critical for effective therapy. Conventional CT is widely used postoperatively but fails to delineate individual electrode contacts due to metallic artifacts. This study aimed to evaluate extended Hounsfield unit (EHU) CT - using an expanded scale up to 40,000 HU- for accurate localization of individual DBS electrode contacts. This retrospective study included 29 patients (58 DBS electrodes) who underwent DBS implantation. Postoperative imaging comprised both conventional CT and EHU-CT reconstructions. Two independent raters localized electrode contacts using a standardized protocol. Inter-method and inter-rater agreement were quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Euclidean distances. Qualitative assessments of contact visibility were also performed. Quantitative analysis showed near-perfect agreement between EHU-CT and conventional CT (ICC ≈ 1), with high inter-rater consistency. However, qualitative evaluation revealed superior contact visualization with EHU-CT: all contacts were clearly identifiable in 100% of cases, while conventional CT consistently failed to distinguish individual contacts due to blooming artifacts. Conventional CT localizations were also sensitive to window-level adjustments, particularly along the z-axis. EHU-CT enables consistent and direct visualization of individual DBS contacts and provides a robust alternative to conventional CT. Its reduced sensitivity to display settings and improved interpretability may enhance intra-operative decision-making and postoperative programming, supporting more reliable DBS workflows. Question Accurate deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode localization is crucial for optimal intra-operative adjustments and outcomes, yet conventional CT is hindered by metallic artifacts limiting individual contact visualization. Findings Extended Hounsfield unit (EHU)-CT and conventional CT showed near-perfect agreement in electrode localization, but EHU-CT provided clearly superior visualization of individual electrode contacts. Clinical relevance By enabling direct visualization of individual contacts through an extended Hounsfield scale, EHU-CT can improve intra-operative decision-making and postoperative programming, potentially enhancing DBS localization accuracy and patient outcomes.

15. Epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort analysis of alcoholic liver cancer from 1990 to 2021.

期刊: Hepatology international 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The disease burden of alcoholic liver cancer (ALC) has been changing due to socioeconomic development. An up-to-date evaluation of this change can increase public awareness and facilitate health policy development. The data were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021. Epidemiological changes of morbidity and mortality in different regions, as well as the differences in gender and age were analyzed. Temporal trends were determined using Joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of age, period, and cohort. Globally, there were 99,543.67 new cases (95% UI 80957.40-120401.87) and 92,227.78 deaths (95% UI 75053.11-112,160.27) in 2021, increased by 158.92% and 141.61%, respectively, compared to 1990. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth was the primary driver of the increased morbidity (41.13%) and mortality (54.87%). The global estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of morbidity and mortality exhibited an ascending trend, while differences existed across different regions. The morbidity and mortality rates were higher in males than in females across all age groups. Joinpoint regression analysis showed an increased morbidity and mortality rate. The age effect indicated that the highest risk was observed at 75-79 years for morbidity and 80-84 years for mortality. The period effect showed an increasing risk, while improving cohort risks for mortality were identified. Alcoholic liver cancer has posed an increasing health burden since 1990, particularly affecting male and the elderly population. Effective prevention policies on specific age groups should be formulated to improve this situation.

16. Sustaining Community Implementation of a Caregiver-Mediated Intervention- Learnings From the WHO-Caregiver Skills Training in India.

期刊: Journal of autism and developmental disorders 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The World Health Organization’s Caregivers Skills Training (WHO-CST) program has been culturally adapted and implemented across diverse low-resource regions as options to promote developmentally disabled children’s development. However, beyond initial feasibility and acceptability, little is known about the long-term sustainability of the program in lower-middle income countries, such as India. The current study explored stakeholders’ experiences of sustaining implementation of the WHO-CST in India. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with organizational heads (n = 9), course facilitators (n = 10), and caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (n = 9). Participants had engaged with the WHO-CST across 10 community-based organizations. Using an iterative and inductive qualitative method, four overarching themes were generated. ‘Bridging the Gap’ recognized ways in which stakeholders gained knowledge and skills. ‘Always about Logistics and Time’ acknowledged the existing implementation hurdles, while sustainability was promoted by ‘Support and Investment’ in local adaptations and strategic resource allocation. ‘Nothing, Nothing was in Vain’ revealed that, irrespective of current implementation status, the WHO-CST has positively impacted communities. Despite its positive reception, long-term sustainability of the WHO-CST program remains a challenge in India. For the WHO-CST to sustain and have an enduring impact, there is a necessity for phased training approaches, systemic capacity building, integration within large-scale public health systems and enabling policy shifts to enhance long-term viability and accessibility.

17. Climate Change, Air Quality, and Pollen Allergies-State of the Art and Recommendations for Research and Public Health.

期刊: Allergy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Allergies are one of the major health challenges of our time, associated with a high individual burden of disease and high costs for the healthcare system. Given their prevalence, allergies are also highly relevant from a public health perspective. The development of allergic diseases is multifactorial. In addition to individual factors (e.g., genetic predisposition), environmental factors are particularly important. These include climate (including climate change), weather, and air pollution, which affect the biosphere and biodiversity. Pollen-associated allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergies. Airborne pollen is strongly connected with climate (change) and air pollution. For example, interannual climate variability and climate change affect phenology, pollen production, and pollen transport, and air pollutants affect pollen allergenicity. Climate change also affects air quality as meteorological conditions influence relevant processes such as the emission, transport, chemistry, and deposition of air pollutants, which affect the occurrence, intensity, and duration of allergy symptoms. The aims of this position paper are: (a) to provide an overview of the current state of scientific knowledge on the effects of climate change and air quality on pollen allergies, (b) to discuss conflicting objectives in the fight against pollen allergies, and (c) to provide recommendations for policy makers, health professionals, public health measures, and future research.

18. A review of theatre interventions and mental health: inspiration, elicitation and dissemination.

期刊: Arts & health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

There is limited knowledge of how theatre interventions have been deployed to address mental health issues in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Our aim was to examine the role of theatre as a research activity and explore the ways in which its research potential had been actualised in the literature, and examine the extent to which authors have addressed LMICs. We undertook a scoping review informed by PRISMA guidelines, which yielded an initial capture of 1200 items, which was narrowed down to 21 papers, including some relevant interventions from Canada and the UK too. The literature demonstrates extensive experience of using theatre interventions, which used a variety of performance modalities. Theatre is used as a way of inspiring change, eliciting data from audience members and participants and as a way of disseminating public health messages or research findings. We conclude with observations about areas which deserve further attention, such as critical deconstruction of expert-approved health messages, or the potential of the originating radical theatrical traditions to question patterns of power and legitimacy.

19. Infusion therapy patient outcomes are similar at reduced costs in alternative sites of care compared with hospital outpatient departments: A matched cohort analysis of infusion therapy across multiple chronic conditions.

期刊: Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Infusion therapy, used to administer medications for multiple chronic diseases, can be performed in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs), patients’ homes, ambulatory infusion centers, and physicians’ offices. The site for administering infusion therapy can impact the cost of care. However, there is limited evidence on quality associated with the site of care (SOC). Assess how patient utilization, cost, and adherence outcomes differ between infusions administered in HOPDs compared with alternative SOCs (ambulatory infusion centers, patients’ homes, and physicians’ offices). This retrospective cohort study used administrative claims data to construct a sample of infusions administered in January 2022 to December 2023 to commercially insured adults across the United States, with infusions occurring in all 50 states and Washington, District of Columbia. These included 23 infusion agents used to treat 7 chronic conditions. To assess outcomes across SOCs, infusions in HOPDs were 1:1 matched to infusions in alternative SOCs using a combination of exact matching and propensity score matching on the infusion agent, treated disease, infusion sequence number, state of residence, patient demographics, baseline health status, and baseline medical utilization. Infusions were excluded when an HOPD was deemed medically necessary. Using logistic and Poisson regressions, outcomes were observed in two separate postinfusion time frames, including the infusion date: 1-day postinfusion and 7-day postinfusion. Outcomes included all-cause cost and utilization across inpatient, emergency department (ED), outpatient, and pharmacy services; mild adverse events; and severe adverse events. Using linear regressions, infusion therapy adherence outcomes were observed within 12 months of an index infusion for a subset of the study sample treated with 8 infusion agents. Of 52,760 infusions among 18,988 patients, within 1-day postinfusion, patients administered infusions in HOPDs had no significant differences in ED and inpatient utilization and costs compared with alternative SOCs. However, outpatient costs were 41.9% higher (P < 0.01) among patients treated in an HOPD compared with those treated in alternative SOCs. There were no significant differences in serious or mild adverse events between the two groups. Within 7 days postinfusion, outcomes were similar, except HOPD-treated patients had 8.6% lower odds of filling any prescription at a pharmacy (P < 0.01) and 45.2% higher odds of having an inpatient admission (P < 0.05). Among the 410 patients analyzed for infusion adherence, there were no significant differences in adherence outcomes 12 months after the index infusion. Patients receiving infusions in HOPDs have higher outpatient costs without a reduction in adverse events, inpatient admissions, or ED visits or an increase in infusion therapy adherence compared with SOCs, indicating that SOCs offer similar quality outcomes at lower costs.

20. Dementia Knowledge and Public Stigma Among Vietnamese Adults in Metropolitan Areas and Their Associated Individual and Contextual Factors.

期刊: Dementia (London, England) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore dementia knowledge and public stigma toward people with dementia (PWD) upheld by Vietnamese adults in their regular metropolitan sociocultural contexts, and their individual and contextual associated factors.MethodsA total of 720 adult participants, aged from 18 to 59, 43.47% of them resided in Northern Vietnam (Hanoi), and 56.53% in Southern Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh city) completed a face-to-face interview with research assistants using a printed survey. They were asked to openly report their language use of local terms and illness labels to address two typical dementia symptom scenarios. Their open-responses were noted verbatim for being coded and grouped into categories of folk and biomedical terms. They also completed other standard measures of dementia knowledge and public stigma toward PWD.ResultsParticipants reported a moderate level of standard dementia knowledge, while combining the folk and biomedical belief models with preference given to the folk beliefs in approaching dementia. Multivariate regression analyses show that education was significantly associated with dementia knowledge, both as a standard scale and open, subjective measures, and dementia stigma. Other individual factors, including anxiety about aging, age, income, exposure to dementia, as well as the contextual factor of region showed their role in predicting dementia knowledge and stigma.DiscussionResults call for future studies with more contextual factors, such as regional sub-cultures, cultural beliefs, and health policy, and imply the need for culturally tailored dementia educational program for groups of publics with diverse backgrounds, as well as advocacy campaigns of positive aging to ease destructive anxiety about aging and increase the willingness to learn about dementia.

21. Help and support for gambling harm among United Kingdom Armed Forces personnel: A mixed-methods study.

期刊: Journal of health services research & policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

ObjectivesTo explore the accessibility of mental health and gambling related support within the United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces and investigate potential barriers to engagement.MethodsWe conducted a survey of Armed Forces service personnel (n = 438) and specialist healthcare and welfare staff (n = 94) regarding gambling harm and related challenges.ResultsPersonnel rarely sought on-base support and recognition of existing service provision was low. Among those who did seek help, healthcare and welfare staff were equally effective in engaging with personnel, with greater professional experience playing a key role in fostering meaningful interactions.ConclusionsImproving access to specialist gambling harm support may enhance help-seeking.

22. Factors influencing hospital-to-home transitions in patients with traumatic brain injury: a meta-synthesis.

期刊: Disability and rehabilitation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

This qualitative meta-synthesis aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to the transition of care from hospital to home in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Four electronic databases were systematically searched for qualitative research published from inception to January 2025 that explored the experiences, barriers, and facilitators of transitioning patients with traumatic brain injury from healthcare facilities to home. Papers that met the inclusion criteria were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, and a thematic synthesis was conducted according to the guidelines of Thomas and Harden (2008). Of the 769 papers retrieved, 12 met the inclusion and quality criteria. The synthesis identified six themes (1): personal capacity (2), family support (3), community support (4), personal barriers (5), unsupportive healthcare system, and (6) community-related barriers. This study outlines the key components of effective transitional care, emphasizing that robust family support, access to community-based resources, and strengthening individual capacities are crucial in ensuring a successful transition. Conversely, barriers such as psychological and physical impairments, insufficient education for patients and caregivers, and the absence of structured follow-up programs impede this process. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted interventions to enhance continuity of care and optimize rehabilitation outcomes. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD420251084100. The effective transfer of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) from hospital to home is one of the primary goals in patient care.The factors such as physical and psychological disabilities, financial challenges, maladaptive coping strategies, inadequate education, and limited access to post-discharge healthcare services can hinder the effective transition of patients with TBI from hospital to home.Financial stability, community-based support such as home visit programs, family support, and systematic follow-up could facilitate the transition of patients with TBI from hospital to home.Healthcare providers and patients’ family members should collaborate to implement practical measures aimed at addressing and mitigating barriers to effective patient transitions.

23. The Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Remains Committed to Supporting Scholarship through the Promotion of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion.

期刊: Journal of biomechanical engineering 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

In light of the recent reprioritization of federal funding, the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering reaffirms its commitment to reporting scientific excellence, advancements in knowledge, and technical innovations that benefit healthcare for everyone. Furthermore, we recognize that this commitment to excellent and rigorous science and engineering is supported by promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, which ensures that advances in biomedical engineering address the distinct health needs of the broadest possible population. In this editorial, we highlight the recent actions that the journal has taken to support diversity and inclusion, including the appointment of Diversity Advocate positions, implementation of a double-blind review process, and publication of special issues on inclusive science and engineering. Finally, we present research and publication recommendations to the broader biomechanical engineering community that collectively embody the core principles of our field and that will lead to more equity and impact in biomechanical engineering.

24. Piceatannol as a multi-target neuroprotective agent: mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects in neurological disorders.

期刊: Metabolic brain disease 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and stroke involve oxidative stress and inflammation. Current treatments mainly ease symptoms but have side effects. Piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, shows promise as a safer, multi-target neuroprotective agent. This review aims to compile and analyze preclinical evidence on PCN, elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and explore its therapeutic prospects in the management of neurological disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, incorporating in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated PCN in relevant models. Findings indicate that PCN exerts neuroprotection through potent antioxidant effects, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and activating Nrf2 signaling while suppressing proinflammatory mediators via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition. It also stabilizes mitochondrial function, prevents neuronal apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2/Bax balance and caspase activity, and mitigates ferroptosis. Furthermore, PCN reduces disease-specific pathological markers such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), improving memory, motor performance, and neurobehavioral outcomes. These effects are observed in diverse models, including cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), Alzheimer’s disease, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and prion-related neurodegeneration. In conclusion, PCN’s multi-target actions and safe clinical trial position make it a strong candidate for neurodegenerative disease therapy. While preclinical data are compelling, rigorous clinical trials are essential to validate efficacy, optimize dosage, and explore its potential as a standalone or adjunctive treatment for neurological disorders.

25. Double-antigen sandwich ELISA based on S1 for cross-species detection of Porcine deltacoronavirus antibodies.

期刊: Applied microbiology and biotechnology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteric coronavirus causing high mortality in neonatal piglets and posing a significant threat to the swine industry. Evidence indicates that PDCoV has cross-species transmission potential and may pose a zoonotic risk, emphasizing the need for reliable serological tools for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine evaluation. Here, we developed a double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAgS-ELISA) based on the PDCoV S1 protein, expressed in CHO cells and used as both coating and HRP-conjugated antigen. The assay reliably detected PDCoV-specific antibodies in sera from pigs, chickens, rabbits, and mice, showing high sensitivity (92.86%) and specificity (99.11%) as determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with excellent reproducibility. No cross-reactivity was observed with antibodies against other common swine pathogens. Concordance with indirect immunofluorescence assay was 96.18% (kappa = 0.923), and assay results correlated strongly with neutralizing antibody titers (Pearson r = 0.865). Overall, this S1-based DAgS-ELISA provides a sensitive, specific, and cross-species applicable method for PDCoV serological detection, supporting its use for epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. KEY POINTS: • A novel S1-based double-antigen sandwich ELISA was established for PDCoV detection. • The assay shows high sensitivity, strong specificity, and broad cross-species applicability. • ELISA results strongly correlate with neutralizing antibody titers, aiding vaccine evaluation.

26. Association of plasma metabolites with epigenetic age acceleration: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

期刊: Biogerontology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is a biomarker of biological aging associated with multiple diseases. Plasma metabolites are potential targets for disease prevention. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the association between plasma metabolites and EAA. Statistics of plasma metabolites and EAA were obtained from the GWAS database. After rigorously screening the instrumental variables, we applied five Mendelian randomization methods to evaluate the relationship between each metabolite and the EAA. The robustness of the results was verified by a series of sensitivity analyses, and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed for significantly associated metabolites. Our analysis identified 149 plasma metabolites associated with EAA (p < 0.05), including 46 metabolites associated with IEAA, 47 with HannumAge, 38 with GrimAge, and 41 with PhenoAge. Among these, palmitoylcarnitine levels remained correlated with EAA after multiple testing correction (PFDR < 0.05). In the enrichment analysis, 13 metabolic pathways were associated with EAA. Among them, “cysteine and methionine metabolism” was identified as the most significantly enriched pathway (PFDR < 0.1), and 3 metabolites in this pathway were correlated with EAA. These results demonstrated that plasma metabolomics, particularly amino acid and lipid metabolism, were associated with EAA and aging. The “cysteine and methionine metabolism” pathway emerged as a potential mechanism of aging, and may underpin metabolic alterations during the aging process, and its metabolites, such as methionine, 5-methylthioadenosine, and α-ketobutyrate, may serve as intervention targets.

27. Why Americans are Dying Younger? NIH Is Not the Problem. Our Broken Healthcare Delivery Is.

期刊: The Journal of infectious diseases 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The United States leads the world in biomedical innovation, with NIH-funded research driving transformative advances in cancer, HIV, and gene therapy. Yet, these breakthroughs cannot achieve their full impact in a fragmented and inequitable health system. Millions remain uninsured, preventive care is undervalued, and social determinants perpetuate life expectancy gaps. Political efforts to restrict or defund the NIH threaten progress and disproportionately harm underserved populations. Biomedical research alone cannot fix systemic failures but strengthening science while repairing care delivery systems is essential to improving population health and ensuring that innovations benefit all.

28. Why Americans are Dying Younger? NIH Is Not the Problem. Our Broken Healthcare Delivery Is.

期刊: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

29. The Role of Interferon-Mediated Suppression of Monocyte Immunothrombosis in Infection Susceptibility in SLE.

期刊: Clinical and experimental immunology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) exhibit significant susceptibility to severe bacterial infections, a leading cause of mortality. A key host defence mechanism is immunothrombosis, wherein activated monocytes rapidly upregulate Tissue Factor (TF) to initiate localized fibrin deposition that traps and contains pathogens. Effective immunothrombosis is therefore critical for preventing microbial dissemination. This process appears deficient in SLE, a disease defined by a systemic prothrombotic state yet poor infection outcomes. A recently discovered molecular interaction suggests that TF directly binds to the interferon-α receptor (IFNAR1), acting as a rheostat to suppress interferon signalling. We hypothesize that in SLE, this regulatory axis is disrupted. The dominant, sustained interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signatures in monocytes limit their capacity for TF upregulation in response to bacterial challenge, thereby impairing immunothrombosis and compromising bacterial containment. Supporting this, SLE patients with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who have lower interferon signatures display markedly elevated TF levels and a different thrombotic profile, demonstrating the inverse relationship in a clinical subset. Furthermore, TF induction in monocytes is glycolysis-dependent, and SLE monocytes are known to have profound metabolic alterations. The chronic interferon state may thus impose a metabolic constraint that further limits the bioenergetic capacity for a robust TF response. Therefore, the confluence of interferon-driven suppression and metabolic dysfunction in SLE monocytes provides a compelling explanation for the failure of immunothrombosis, directly linking a core disease feature to infection susceptibility.

30. The Neuroimmunology of Autism.

期刊: Molecular neurobiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Alterations and maladaptations of the immune system remain some of the most controversial concepts in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonetheless, intensifying evidence confirms that much of what ASD involves is related not to a static encephalopathy-based model of autism but rather to the consequences of environmental insult and complex and dynamic psychological and physiological processes involving the interdependence of the nervous, immune, and host microbiome. This narrative review provides a conceptual framework, focuses on clinical research, and is written for specialists and non-specialists. To provide access to multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives with wide-ranging cutting-edge implications for all people with ASD. Beginning with historical, epidemiological, and etiological underpinnings, we elaborate on a contemporary understanding of the immune system in the pathophysiology of ASD. Theoretical and scientific discourse on the relationship of the immune system with the nervous system and host microbiota in homeostasis/allostasis, neurodevelopment, and psychological and physiological health and disease is also provided. As a basis for conceptual advances detailing the interconnection, interdependence, and interference with or subjugation (as would be the case for autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions) of the nervous system and host microbiota by the immune system, and the role of these interactions in the pathogenesis of ASD. This gives us a platform for not only examining the role of the immune system in the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of ASD but also understanding social and higher-level processes of consciousness for individuals on the spectrum. Finally, taking a neuroimmunological perspective, we highlight the need for a multi-scale, holistic approach to understanding and developing future therapeutic modalities to address the core symptoms of ASD that go beyond the current reductionist and “magic-bullet” medical paradigm.

31. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Characteristics, and Health Effects of Calafate (Berberis microphylla).

期刊: Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Berberis microphylla G Forst, commonly known as Calafate, emerges as a remarkable fruit with significant potential due to its unique nutritional and bioactive profile. Native to the Patagonian regions of Chile and Argentina, this berry showcases impressive adaptability and versatility across various environmental conditions. Its rich composition, high in polyphenols, anthocyanins, and vitamin C, underpins its growing prominence in food and nutraceutical industries. The chemical profile of Calafate reveals substantial nutritional value, with notable concentrations of anthocyanins such as delphinidin-3-glucoside and petunidin-3-glucoside, which are associated with its antioxidant properties. Studies highlight the role of Calafate in reducing oxidative stress and obesity-related inflammation, showing potential protective effects against chronic diseases. In vitro studies support these findings, demonstrating Calafate`s ability to reduce inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Research in animal models suggests that Calafate supplementation can enhance metabolic markers related to insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and cardiovascular health. This review uniquely integrates nutritional, chemical, and preclinical evidence on Calafate, highlighting its potential as a functional food and nutraceutical source. At the same time, it underscores key gaps, most notably the lack of human clinical studies, the need for extract standardization, and limited knowledge on bioavailability and long-term safety, thereby outlining priorities for future research and clinical translation.

32. The association of co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates with surrogate indicators of insulin resistance: a panel study.

期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

PAHs and phthalates co-exposure may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), but evidence remains limited. In this repeated-measure pilot study of 127 Chinese adults, we assessed urinary metabolites of PAHs and phthalates and five IR surrogate indicators. During each survey, first-morning urine samples were obtained for 4 consecutive days and fasting blood was drawn on the 4th day. We determined 10 urinary PAH metabolites and 10 urinary phthalate metabolites by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Linear mixed-effects models (LMEs), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to explore the individual and overall association. After multivariate adjustments, positive associations were found between summed hydroxyfluorene (∑OHFlu), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and summed phthalates at lag 0 day with one or more of the 5 IR surrogate indices (all P-FDR < 0.05). BKMR and WQS models further revealed that co-exposure to PAHs or/and phthalates mixture was linked to increased surrogate indices of IR, and ∑OHFlu, MiBP, and MnBP were major contributors. Our finding provided novel clues for elevated IR surrogate indicators associated with PAHs and phthalates co-exposure, and highlighted the importance of further monitoring and controlling PAHs and phthalates pollution to prevent the progression of IR.

33. Staged-regulation of phenolic release to enhance its antioxidant activity in oats through enzyme hydrolysis synergistic Monascus fermentation.

期刊: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Phenolic compounds in oats contribute to their health benefits but predominantly exist in insoluble bound forms with low bioaccessibility. To address this issue, this study developed a phased processing strategy combining enzymatic hydrolysis and Monascus fermentation to enhance the release of bioactive phenolic in oats. Results showed that adding cellulase in the mid-fermentation stage effectively increased the phenolic content by 21.23 times (23.34 mg GAE/g DW), compared with unfermented oats. HPLC analysis revealed substantial increases in free phenolic acids, with vanillic acid and chlorogenic acid contents rising to 215.22 mg/kg (35.92-fold) and 150.90 mg/kg (16.00-fold), respectively. Structural analysis via scanning electron microscopy confirmed the degradation of oat cell walls, supporting microbial growth and facilitating phenolic compound release. The free phenolic fractions exhibited potent antioxidant activities, which were strongly correlated (r > 0.91, p ≤ 0.001) with chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and vanillic acid content. These results demonstrated that the combined microbial-enzymatic approach was a highly effective bioprocessing strategy for producing value-added oat products with enhanced phenolic bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity.

34. In poor taste: leaf palatability traits are not correlated with aboveground enemy release.

期刊: Oecologia 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Many species experience less pressure from herbivores, predators, or pathogens in their introduced range than in their native range. This phenomenon, known as enemy release, is one explanation for the success of introduced plant species worldwide. However, species experience enemy release to different extents, or not at all. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of what types of species or circumstances are associated with strong enemy release. We aimed to test whether ten defensive leaf traits that contribute to plants’ palatability to aboveground herbivores can predict the level of enemy release they experience. Our study expands upon previous work, which found enemy release occurring across 16 plant species studied at 12 sites within their native (5 sites; European) and introduced (7 sites; Australian) ranges. Contrary to all predictions, we found no evidence that enemy release was related to ash content, C:N ratio, hair density, leaf dry matter content, leaf mass per area, cyanogen presence, lipid content, phenolic compounds, oxidative activity, or combined chemical, physical, and total defences. This result demonstrates the need to further assess other traits, or environmental variables that may contribute to enemy release, so that we may more accurately predict when and where it is most likely to occur. Finding that these defensive traits do not predict enemy release in our study system brings us a step closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasion, which is increasingly important in our rapidly changing world.

35. Rational Control of Interfacial Spontaneous Redox Reactions by Modulating Single-Microdroplet Charging.

期刊: Analytical chemistry 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Microdroplet chemistry has garnered increasing attention due to the discovery that extreme redox reactions can spontaneously occur at droplet interfaces. Most current studies rely on ensemble-averaged aerosol behavior, yet each microdroplet may exhibit vastly different reactivities depending on its size and charge polarity. To address this problem, we developed a dielectric barrier electrospray platform, which treats the entire liquid volume confined within the emitter tip as a single stationary microdroplet reactor. This setup enables precise charge control and in situ monitoring of interfacial reactions in this isolated, picoliter-to-nanoliter droplet. Our results reveal that redox processes at microdroplet interfaces can proceed as spontaneous interfacial electrochemical reactions, driven by the polarity of microdroplet charge. The reaction mechanism can be explained well by a modified microdroplet electric double-layer model. The reaction Faradaic current was measured at 58 pA, corresponding to a current density of 1.7 mA/m2─remarkably consistent with estimations of charged microdroplet activity in atmospheric clouds. With this platform, we demonstrated that the disproportionation of nitrogen at microdroplet interfaces originates from the reaction polarity being defined at the single-droplet level by its charge, each selectively catalyzing the oxidation or reduction of N2. These findings not only shed light on the atmospheric nitrogen cycle but also offer critical theoretical guidance for future bulk nitrogen chemistry enabled by microdroplet catalysis.

36. A single photobiomodulation session selectively improves vocal stability and respiratory capacity in teachers with severe vocal fatigue.

期刊: Lasers in medical science 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Vocal fatigue (VF) is a significant occupational burden for professional voice users, such as teachers, for whom rapid and effective interventions remain limited. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a noninvasive therapy that uses low-intensity light to mitigate inflammation and promote tissue repair, is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the immediate effects of a single PBM session on key acoustic and respiratory parameters in female teachers with VF. In this single-arm, pre-post clinical trial, we enrolled 41 female primary school teachers (age range: 28-40 years) with symptoms of vocal fatigue classified as mild (n = 19), moderate (n = 18), or severe (n = 4). A single 5-minute PBM session was administered to the laryngeal region using a light-emitting diode (LED) device delivering 1 W of optical power across two wavelengths (640 and 940 nm). Acoustic parameters (jitter, shimmer, and connected speech frequency) and respiratory capacity were measured before and immediately after the intervention. In the severe subgroup, jitter decreased (p = 0.005) and mean autocorrelation increased (p = 0.024), while connected speech (p = 0.056) and respiratory capacity (p = 0.058) showed trends toward improvement. In the moderate subgroup, peak flow increased (p = 0.002). No meaningful changes were observed in the mild subgroup. A single session of photobiomodulation therapy resulted in immediate and significant improvements in vocal quality and respiratory function, particularly in teachers with severe vocal fatigue. These findings position PBM as a promising non-invasive tool for rapid vocal rehabilitation in individuals with pronounced phonatory deficits. However, these findings should be interpreted in consideration of several limitations, including the small sample size, particularly in the severe subgroup, the absence of a control group, and the short, immediate follow-up period. The uneven distribution of participants across severity levels may also limit generalizability. Despite these constraints, the pronounced improvement observed in the severe vocal-fatigue subgroup underscores the clinical relevance of PBM as a rapid, non-invasive option for individuals with substantial phonatory impairment.

37. Analyzing Occupational Safety Managers' and Representatives' Assessments of Collaboration With Occupational Health Care.

期刊: Workplace health & safety 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

Collaboration between occupational safety (OS) and occupational health care (OHC) is essential for workplace health and safety, yet the experiences of OS actors have been less studied. To examine OS managers’ and representatives’ experiences of collaboration with OHC and identify related factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Finland via an online survey in March-April 2025. A total of 222 OS managers and 364 OS representatives responded to a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using non-parametric methods. Group differences were examined with the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to explore associations between background variables and attitude statements related to perceived seamless collaboration. OS managers rated the collaboration as more seamless than OS representatives (mean 7.76 vs. 7.17; p < .001), and more often gave it an excellent rating (39% vs. 22%). Seamless collaboration was particularly associated with the OHC agreement’s comprehensiveness, OS experience, and digital tools. The strongest associations were found for OHC participation in OS activities (r = .78) and availability of workload data (r = .77). The availability of information related to workload factors and the participation of OHC in workplace OS activities are particularly important for a positive experience of collaboration. Seamless collaboration with OHC also requires clear, jointly agreed procedures. OHC should strengthen its collaboration with OS by clearly identifying and communicating workload and resource factors in the work environment, in order to effectively and impactfully target development measures.

38. Bed bug infestations: prevalence, correlates, and cross-sectional association with psychological symptoms in a large sample of tenants in Montreal, Canada.

期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-20 链接: PubMed

摘要

The resurgence of bed bugs is a major challenge to public health and housing authorities and is a social justice issue. Bed bugs are environmentally communicable, cause ill health, and decrease quality of life. Bed bug infestations are socially patterned, disproportionately affecting people facing vulnerability; they are more prevalent in high-density multi-unit housing environments. While bed bugs can cause cutaneous and allergic reactions along with other health reactions, the biggest health impacts of bed bugs appear to be psychological. To contribute to the limited number of studies documenting the prevalence of exposure to bed bugs and mental health impacts in general populations, this study reports on the prevalence of exposure to bed bugs in a large sample of tenants and measures the association between bed bug exposure and psychological symptoms. This cross-sectional study set in Montreal, Canada, uses data on 5,000 tenants aged ≥ 18 years from the 2017 Montreal Housing Survey. Exposure to bed bugs in the year preceding the interview was self-reported by tenants. The 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were used to measure anxiety and depression, respectively. Association between exposure to bed bugs and psychosocial symptoms was assessed using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and housing conditions. Four percent of tenants reported being exposed to bed bugs in the year preceding the survey. In unweighted analysis, the odds of anxiety (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.12, 2.64), depression (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.20, 2.78), and anxiety and/or depression (OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.16, 2.44) were significantly higher for those exposed to bed bugs, independently of the sociodemographic characteristics and housing conditions of the survey respondents. In weighted analysis, the effect sizes were reduced. Exposure to bed bugs was marginally (p = 0.087) associated with higher odds of reporting anxiety and/or depression (OR: 1.53; 95%CI: 0.94, 2.50). Findings reinforce the significant social inequalities in exposure to bed bugs and contribute to growing evidence that bed bug exposure is a risk factor for psychological symptoms. Coordinated, intersectoral actions that are attentive to social justice issues are needed to monitor and control bed bug infestations.

39. What influences food choices of adolescents in India and how their food environment can be improved?

期刊: BMC nutrition 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

Adolescence is a key period for public health interventions due to rapid physical, emotional, and intellectual development. Food environments greatly influence adolescents’ food choices and diets and, consequently, their overall health. We aimed to understand adolescents’ perceptions regarding factors influencing their food environment and to identify opportunities for accelerating actions to promote healthier food environments. We developed and disseminated a survey using U-Report, a social messaging tool by UNICEF, targeting adolescents aged 10-19 years. This U-poll-based survey was available online in 12 Indian languages from June to November 2022. Following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, the survey was also administered offline. Responses were received from 143,878 adolescents across 36 states of India. More than half of the adolescents surveyed (67.6%) reported that food advertisements influence their food choices. Nearly 72.6% of participants reported reading food labels, and 62.8% reported that it is very important to simplify the nutrient information available on food packs. About 30.7% of adolescents indicated that they can’t eat healthy foods due to higher prices (expensive/costly), while 15.3% reported that they don’t eat healthy foods as they do not find them tasty. The study highlights multiple factors influencing adolescents’ food choices in India, and underscores the importance of creating supportive food environments. The findings suggest potential areas for intervention such as improving accessibility, affordability, and appeal of healthy foods. Future efforts should explore comprehensive strategies for strengthening policies and guidelines around healthy food environments, while further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of such interventions.

40. SGSS05-NS3, a covalent SETD8 inhibitor that activates p53 pathway in neuroblastoma.

期刊: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

41. Impact of surface functional group modification on cellular internalization and cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles.

期刊: Particle and fibre toxicology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are widely used in industrial products. Surface modification of SiO2NPs is one of the promising strategies to develop safer nanomaterials by design. The present study was designed to determine the effects of amino or carboxyl functionalization of rhodamine-labeled SiO2NPs on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. In the in vivo arm of the study, male mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6, each) and exposed to either amino (NH2)- or carboxyl (COOH)-functionalized, or non-functionalized (OH)-rhodamine-labeled SiO2NPs at 2 or 10 mg/kg bw, or endotoxin-free water as a control, by pharyngeal aspiration. At 24 h after administration, the mice were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for differential cell count and assessment of silica nanoparticle uptake using confocal microscopy. In the in vitro arm of the study, murine RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to NH2-or COOH-functionalized or OH- rhodamine-labeled SiO2NPs. Nonspecific caspase inhibitor, necroptosis inhibitor, pyroptosis inhibitor and autophagy inhibitor were used to determine the roles of cell death signaling in cytotoxicity. The in vivo studies demonstrated significant increase in lung weight at 2 and 10 mg/kg bw by OH-SiO2NPs but not the other two SiO2NPs. At 10 mg/kg bw, COOH-SiO2NPs induced a significant increase in BALF macrophages, whereas OH- SiO2NPs significantly decreased macrophages. OH-SiO2NPs at 2 mg/kg bw and NH2- and COOH-SiO2NPs at 10 mg/kg bw significantly increased BALF neutrophiles. The in vitro studies showed greater NH2-SiO2NPs internalization into RAW264.7 macrophages than OH-SiO2NPs, while OH-SiO2NPs induced cytotoxicity and upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α to greater extent than the other two types. Co-treatment with pan-caspase inhibitor and necroptosis inhibitor attenuated (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) cytotoxicity of OH-SiO2NPs. NH2- or COOH-functionalization reduced the harmful changes observed with OH- SiO2NPs, which included increase in lung weight and BALF neutrophils at low dose in mice as well as decrease in cell viability and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results suggested that OH-SiO2NPs-induced cytotoxicity against macrophages was mediated at least in part through apoptotic/necroptotic signaling but was not related to internalization of particles. The results imply possible development of safer silica nanoparticles by amino- or carboxyl-functionalization of their silanols.

42. Analyzing British Columbia Workers Compensation Occupational Therapy Usage With Public Safety Personnel.

期刊: OTJR : occupation, participation and health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

Public safety personnel (PSP) have higher rates of work-related psychological injuries compared to the general public. Occupational therapists frequently provide rehabilitation and return to work (RTW) services for PSP. In order to understand the usage of occupational therapy (OT) treatment with psychologically injured PSP from British Columbia, Canada, a descriptive quantitative approach was used to explore summary data provided by WorkSafeBC (WSBC) for psychologically injured PSP who had an accepted mental disorder injury claim between 2019 and 2023, comparing those who received community OT treatment and those who did not. The data revealed that PSP with greater injury severity and longer lengths of time away from work more frequently received OT treatment as part of their WSBC mental disorder injury claim; it is possible that this higher degree of claim complexity influenced their RTW outcomes. Workers’ compensation organizations should review their RTW processes to ensure prompt access to relevant treatment and supports, including occupational therapy. How public safety workers in British Columbia use occupational therapy (OT) services when they have work-related psychological injuriesPublic safety personnel like police officers and firefighters have more work-related mental health issues than the general public. Occupational therapists often help these workers recover and return to work. This study aimed to understand how community-based occupational therapists are used to treat public safety personnel with work-related mental health issues in British Columbia, Canada. The study found that public safety personnel with more complex claims and more time off work were more likely to receive occupational therapy treatment. This claim complexity might affect their return to work success. Workers’ compensation organizations should review their return to work processes to ensure quick access to necessary treatments and support, including occupational therapy.

43. Risk assessment of daikenchuto-induced hepatobiliary injury in colon cancer patients post-colectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

期刊: BMC complementary medicine and therapies 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

Colectomy for colon cancer typically results in gastrointestinal hypomotility. Daikenchuto, a herbal medicine traditionally used in Japan, is administered to alleviate gastrointestinal hypomotility. However, it is suspected to cause hepatobiliary injury. Therefore, in this comparative, retrospective cohort study, we aimed to assess the risk of daikenchuto administration-induced hepatobiliary injury post-colectomy. Patients with colon cancer who underwent colectomy, excluding the population with a high risk of postoperative hepatobiliary injury, were included in this study (N = 17,996). Specifically, patients who received daikenchuto within 4 days after colectomy or from the day of surgery to the first meal postoperatively and those who did not receive daikenchuto were assigned to the daikenchuto exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the postoperative administration of cholagogues or hepatoprotective drugs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed considering the perioperative risk factors for hepatobiliary injury. The analysis estimated the adjusted odds ratios to assess the risk of daikenchuto-induced hepatobiliary injury. The frequencies of the postoperative administration of cholagogues or hepatoprotective drugs were 52 of 2,324 patients (2.24%) and 421 of 15,672 (2.69%) in the daikenchuto exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively. Furthermore, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (0.62-1.12) were < 1 and included 1, respectively. No association between daikenchuto and the risk of hepatobiliary injury was identified. Thus, our results imply that daikenchuto can be safely administered post-colectomy. This study was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (Trial ID: jRCT1031240102; https://jrct.mhlw.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT1031240102 ) on May 22, 2024.

44. Organophosphate ester exposure in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and postpartum body composition in a U.S.-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort.

期刊: Environmental health : a global access science source 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed

摘要

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are replacement flame retardants that have been implicated as metabolic disruptors and linked to birth size across a number of epidemiologic studies. Little is known about how OPEs impact maternal weight and body composition from pregnancy through the postpartum period. We measured OPE metabolites in mid-pregnancy urine samples from participants in a pregnancy cohort study based in Rochester, NY, USA. We calculated total gestational weight gain (GWG) based on clinical records (n = 278) and additionally measured weight retention and body fat percentage through bioelectric impedance at 6 (n = 205) and 12 months postpartum (n = 167). We fitted adjusted linear and logistic regression models examining OPE concentrations in relation to the outcome measures and secondarily, fitted models stratified by earliest pregnancy BMI (< 25 kg/m2 versus ≥ 25 kg/m2). In main models, most associations were null. Several highly prevalent OPEs such as bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP; β: -1.02 lbs 95%CI: -2.00, -0.03) were associated with lower GWG, while detection of other, less prevalent OPEs like BMPP (bis(methylphenyl) phosphate; β: 2.86 lbs, 95%CI: -0.21, 5.94) was associated with greater GWG. In stratified analyses, associations tended to be stronger in women who started pregnancy overweight or obese, including findings that several OPEs were associated with higher fat percentage at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Few associations with postpartum weight retention were observed. Evidence linking gestational OPE exposure with GWG and body composition in the postpartum was limited and mixed, with the strongest associations observed for BDCPP. In light of the growing literature on OPEs’ impacts on birth size and child outcomes, greater research into maternal metabolic disruption is warranted.

45. Barriers and facilitators to implementing clinical genome-wide sequencing: A scoping review of the global landscape.

期刊: Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 发表日期: 2025-Dec-17 链接: PubMed

摘要

The global demand for clinical genome-wide sequencing (GWS) continues to grow. This study describes the global landscape of genetic service delivery and the barriers and facilitators to implementing clinical GWS. A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase (January 2009 - July 2025) to identify studies related to genetic service delivery, exome and genome sequencing, and implementation. Ninety-six articles representing 35 countries were analyzed using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The most frequently reported barriers were within the outer setting: insufficient Local Conditions (i.e., genetics workforce shortage; 54/96, 56%), limited Financing (29/96, 30%), and lack of national Policies and Laws (regulations) for genomic testing (20/96, 21%). Negative Local Attitudes about genomics were reported as a barrier in 11 South American, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African countries. Identified outer setting facilitators included Partnerships and Connections between interested parties (e.g., government, academic institutions; 14/96, 15%) and dedicated Funding for national genomics initiatives (6/96, 6%). This scoping review identified common barriers to implementing GWS across countries with varying capacities for delivering these services. Findings may help countries to anticipate barriers, leverage facilitators, and develop strategies for implementing genomic testing and services.

46. Integration of Medical Acupuncture into the National Health System: The Urgency of Education, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Legal Regulation.

期刊: Journal of integrative and complementary medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-12 链接: PubMed

摘要

Introduction: Indonesia’s health care system requires transformation to address its aging population and rising chronic diseases. Medical acupuncture presents a holistic, cost-effective solution but faces integration barriers, including stigma, lack of local research, and absence of educational and regulatory frameworks. The objective of this study is to analyze barriers and opportunities for the integration of medical acupuncture into Indonesia’s national health system and to propose strategic steps for developing a standardized curriculum, legal regulation, and interprofessional collaboration to ensure safe and evidence-based implementation. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Keywords included “acupuncture,” “education,” “regulation,” “medical policy,” and “public health.” The analysis focused on studies examining integrative medical acupuncture practices in various countries. Results: Comparative analysis revealed that successful integration, as seen in China and Australia, depends on standardized education and clear regulations, ensuring practitioner competence and patient safety. Conversely, nations with fragmented regulations, such as India and Brazil, face quality control challenges. Medical acupuncture demonstrates proven efficacy across the health care spectrum, including pain management, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Discussion: For Indonesia, strategic integration requires two key actions: developing an undergraduate medical acupuncture curriculum and establishing a formal legal framework for its practice. This will provide professional legitimacy, ensure patient safety, and curb illegal practices. These steps must be supported by enhanced interprofessional collaboration with conventional medicine, international partnerships, and increased funding for local evidence-based research. Conclusion: Integrating medical acupuncture is vital for a sustainable Indonesian health care system. Prioritizing a standardized curriculum and formal regulation will ensure its safe and effective practice. Supported by research and collaboration, this integration will expand access to affordable, holistic, and evidence-based care for the population.

47. Larval development habitats of Culicoides sonorensis midges in the western United States.

期刊: Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Culicoides midges are vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus affecting wild and domestic ruminants. Bluetongue distribution generally overlaps with vector range, so understanding the vector’s ecology is necessary for predicting BTV risk. Culicoides require moist substrate for development, and C. sonorensis, the primary recognized vector in the western United States, is classically associated with livestock wastewater ponds. However, it is well-known that BTV can be found outside of livestock areas, with transmission occurring in natural settings. To better classify development habitat, we conducted a broad biweekly survey of moist and wet habitats from June to September of 2022 in northern Colorado at ten sites, including large livestock operations, non-commercial domestic operations, and natural spaces. Samples were maintained in the insectary for 11 weeks and monitored for emergence of adult midges. Standing water substrates displayed higher presence and abundance of midges than running or transient habitats, though all microhabitats showed emergence. Additionally, livestock sites did not produce more midges than other site types, and in fact more midges were observed in natural spaces per sample and overall. Livestock spaces did, however, show significantly higher proportions of C. sonorensis midges, which are thought to be the most competent vectors of BTV in this region, as opposed to other Culicoides species. These results suggest that development sites in natural areas may play an important role in maintaining vector populations in the western U.S. outside of previously implicated livestock operations, and that differences in larval habitat lead to differences in vector species composition.

48. Comparative evaluation of Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis microbial agents and human disease case data in seven Piedmont counties of North Carolina, 2020-2023.

期刊: Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Tick-borne pathogens pose an ongoing threat to human health in the southeastern United States, where tick and host abundances are high. In North Carolina, several medically important tick species are present, but in the Piedmont region, Amblyomma americanum is particularly abundant and associated with multiple human pathogens, including Rickettsia amblyommatis, a hypothesized human pathogen. In this study, we build on recent tick surveillance efforts across several North Carolina counties by screening A. americanum for Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and R. amblyommatis while also analyzing tick abundance, pathogen prevalence, and county-level human disease case data from the North Carolina Department of Health to assess potential correlations. Our results reveal variation in pathogen prevalence across counties, with Chatham County consistently emerging as a high-risk area due to high tick abundance and elevated infection rates. However, we did not observe a strong correlation between tick abundance or pathogen prevalence and reported human disease cases at the county level. These findings highlight counties of elevated risk in a region experiencing an increasing burden of tick-borne disease and contribute to our understanding of ongoing public health trends.

49. Efficacy of treated nets to impede Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).

期刊: Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Many farmers house livestock in open pens or sheds that offer no physical protection against biting flies, with protection relying heavily on the use of residual or on-animal insecticides. Insecticidal barriers can offer an alternative or additional option to managing pestiferous biting flies near livestock but they need to be evaluated in the field. We assessed the efficacy of a deltamethrin-incorporated net to reduce contact of Culicoides and mosquitoes with livestock. On cervid farms, reduction of biting-midges in light traps was assessed for traps surrounded by deltamethrin-treated nets, untreated nets, or no-net controls. Significantly fewer Culicoides were collected in pens surrounded by untreated nets compared to no-net, and further significant reductions were achieved with deltamethrin-treated nets. Similar results were observed on a subsistence poultry and swine farm. Total Culicoides and mosquito abundance and abundance of blood-fed females was significantly reduced in light-trap collections after surrounding livestock units with a deltamethrin-treated net. These results suggest the use of insecticidal nets at a 2 m height can reduce contact between livestock and some biting flies in open areas or sheds.

50. Molecular detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus in mosquitoes: implications for disease transmission in the Northern Territory, Australia.

期刊: Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

In 2021, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) reverse transcription quantitative RT-qPCR testing of mosquitoes was used for the first time in the Northern Territory (NT) in an attempt to determine the presence of circulating JEV and identify probable vector mosquito species. All test results for 2021 and 2022 returned negative for JEV. Testing resumed in January, 2023, with mosquitoes also tested for Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) following an outbreak resulting in eight confirmed human cases. Mosquito pools tested positive by RT-qPCR for both viruses on several occasions, confirming the suitability of this method for flavivirus surveillance. Culex annulirostris (Skuse) and Cx. gelidus (Theobald) tested RT-qPCR positive for both viruses in 2023, incriminating them as JEV and MVEV vectors in the NT. Aedes normanensis (Taylor) also tested positive for JEV and MVEV, identifying this species as a probable vector species for both viruses in the NT. While Cx. annulirostris is known to be the principal MVEV vector in the NT, the fact that all three vector mosquito species potentially play a part in the JEV transmission cycle is of major public health concern. While Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (Giles) did not test positive to JEV in 2023, this species is the principal JEV vector in SE Asia and could potentially play a role in JEV transmission in the NT. Genotyping of viruses from the NT mosquitoes confirmed the continued circulation of genotype IV JEV and showed that both genotypes 1A and 2 of MVEV were co-circulating in the NT in 2023.

51. Delayed Clinical Onset of Congenital Heart Disease in a Geriatric Macaw (Ara ararauna).

期刊: Journal of avian medicine and surgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

An approximately 33-year-old male blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was presented for postmortem examination after dying without premonitory signs at the owner’s home. The bird had a recent history of a grade II/VI left-sided systolic murmur, feather-destructive behavior, was overweight, and had bilateral cataracts. Gross and microscopic postmortem examinations revealed a subaortic interventricular septal saccular defect most compatible with a diverticulum intimately associated with a multifocally fibrotic right coronary aortic semilunar cusp, and its distended sinus. The resulting congestive heart disease was morphologically characterized by concentric myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Reports of cardiac congenital disease in birds include ventricular septal defects, congenital aneurysm, persistent truncus arteriosus, aortic hypoplasia, duplicitas cordis, multiplicatis cordis, and ectopia cordis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documentation of a subaortic interventricular septal saccular defect in an avian species. This case adds to the knowledge of cardiovascular disease and raises awareness of delayed-onset clinical disease linked with congenital heart anomalies in birds.

52. Pathologic Findings in Ramphastids from 1994 to 2013.

期刊: Journal of avian medicine and surgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

The family Ramphastidae includes toucans (Ramphastos sp), mountain toucans (Andigena sp), toucanets (Aulacorhynchus sp, Selenidera sp), and aracaris (Pteroglossus sp). These birds are endemic to Central and South America and are popular birds for zoological parks and as companion animals. This retrospective study summarizes the histologic findings of 273 toucans, 24 mountain toucans, 240 aracaris, and 64 toucanets (601 total specimens) submitted to 4 diagnostic laboratories from 1994 through January 2013. Infectious diseases were most common (53.1%, 319/601), followed by nutrition-based deposition disorders (36.4%, 219/601) and cardiovascular disease (10.3%, 62/601). Among infectious diseases, bacterial diseases were most common (57%, 182/319, including 45 cases of mycobacteriosis). Mycotic diseases (14.1%, 45/319) included ventricular candidiasis (73.3%, 33/45), aspergillosis (13.3%, 6/45), and undetermined fungus (13.3%, 6/45). Viral infection was limited to 3 cases with 2 cutaneous poxvirus cases and 1 West Nile virus case. Parasitic infections were found in 93 cases, including nematodiasis (64.5%, 60/93, predominantly Capillaria sp). Intestinal trematodiasis, muscle cysts of Sarcocystis sp, hepatic hemoprotozoan macroschizonts, biliary and intestinal trematodiasis, amoebiasis, and cestodiasis represented <5% of cases. Parasitic infections were undetermined in 6.4% (6/93) of cases. Deposition cases included iron storage disease (77.7%, 230/296), gout (14.9%, 44/296), and amyloidosis (7.4%, 22/296). Cardiovascular disease (62 cases) included atherosclerosis (48.4%, 30/62) and degenerative cardiac disease (4.8%, 3/62); 3 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy were found in young aracaris. The results of this study indicate that mortalities could be diminished in < 1 year old birds by improved prevention and treatment of enteric infections and that, in > 1 year old birds, prevention and treatment of Capillaria sp and hemochromatosis may also substantially reduce mortality.

53. Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose of Robenacoxib in Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis).

期刊: Journal of avian medicine and surgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Robenacoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and its mechanism of action involves selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 to reduce inflammation via the reduction of prostaglandin synthesis in dogs, cats, and rats. It is currently labeled for use in dogs and cats to control postoperative pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic surgery, ovariohysterectomy, and castration for a maximum of 3 days. Robenacoxib has been used anecdotally in avian species at doses ranging from 2-10 mg/kg every 3-7 days to manage pain associated with inflammation in various scenarios, including treatment of proventricular dilatation disease, orthopedic pain, such as arthritis and pododermatitis, and post nail and beak trims. Robenacoxib concentrates in inflamed tissues, and its clinical effects persist longer than its short terminal half-life in blood. In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single oral dose of robenacoxib were evaluated in a group of 7 healthy, adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). The results indicated that a single 4-mg/kg oral dose of robenacoxib was well tolerated without any adverse clinical effects. The mean peak plasma concentration was reached at 0.45 hours, with a peak concentration of 88.75 ng/mL. The t1/2 was 1.3 ± 0.37 hours. The mean total body clearance per fraction of dose absorbed was 24.9 L/kg/hr. Robenacoxib was not detected in any bird 6 hours postadministration. Further pharmacodynamic studies of this drug, including defining the potency of robenacoxib against avian COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, would provide stronger support for dose determination and the effectiveness of robenacoxib in psittacine birds.

54. Body Temperature of the Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot (Amazona oratrix sp).

期刊: Journal of avian medicine and surgery 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

The yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona oratrix sp) is an endangered species because of habitat loss and illegal trafficking. Currently, there is no data on body temperature available for this species, and this makes a complete clinical examination for determining its health status difficult. The objective of this study was to compare 2 methods for measuring body temperature (digital rectal thermometer, skin infrared thermometer) in 22 yellow-headed Amazon parrots. Over multiple measurements, the mean cloacal and skin temperatures were 41.46 ± 0.45°C (106.62 ± 0.81°F) and 40.69 ± 0.37°C (105.24 ± 0.67°F), respectively, and there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.552, P = 0.008) between the 2 methods. These data can be useful for evaluating the health of these endangered parrots. Future studies evaluating other species of parrots should be conducted to obtain specific information and to avoid the use of nonspecific ranges. It is also suggested that temperatures be measured noninvasively from other anatomical sites to reduce stress and maintain the welfare of these parrots.

55. The effects of CYP450 inhibition on cerebrovascular control during rest and mild hypovolemia: An exploratory study in young, healthy adults.

期刊: Physiological reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Cerebrovascular CYP450 is underexplored in humans. Twenty-three participants (12 females) completed familiarization and two experimental visits utilizing double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested fluconazole (150 mg; FLZ, CYP450 inhibitor) or placebo (PLC, microcrystalline cellulose) followed by 120 min of supine rest. Five minutes of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were collected during rest (PLC/FLZBASE) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -20 mmHg; PLC/FLZLBNP). There was no interaction for MCAv, cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi), resistance area product (RAP), critical closing pressure (CrCP), or transfer function variables. Bonferroni tests revealed only FLZ attenuated MCAv (FLZBASE 75.2 ± 11.3 cm•s-1 vs. FLZLBNP 70.6 ± 11.2 cm•s-1, p = 0.015, d = 0.713) and CVCi (FLZBASE 0.76 ± 0.12 cm•s-1•mmHg-1 vs. FLZLBNP 0.71 ± 0.11 cm•s-1•mmHg-1, p = 0.003, d = 0.865) during LBNP. LBNP lowered CrCP (PLCBASE 29.7 ± 9.3 mmHg vs. PLCLBNP 25.1 ± 11.3 mmHg, p = 0.002, d = 0.940) within PLC. RAP increased during LBNP (PLCBASE 0.96 ± 0.29 vs. PLCLBNP 1.08 ± 0.32, p = < 0.001, d = 1.28; FLZBASE 0.98 ± 0.24 vs. FLZLBNP 1.07 ± 0.23, p = < 0.001, d = 1.10). These data suggest a participatory, nonobligatory role of CYP450 in human cerebrovascular control.

56. Community acceptability of STI-X - the rural Victorian STI vending machine pilot.

期刊: Rural and remote health 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Sexually transmissible infection (STI) rates continue to rise across Australian rural and regional areas. Reported STI rates are often misleadingly low due to barriers in accessing testing, lack of service accessibility and affordability. Utilising innovative solutions such as vending machines can improve access by providing an alternative testing option that increases privacy and convenience. Community reference groups were assembled to support an STI test vending machine pilot (STI-X) for 12 months across six planned and two temporary regional locations in northern Victoria, Australia. The vending machines were generally situated in publicly accessible areas where consumers could obtain a test kit for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and HIV, complete the specimen collection in a private setting and then post the kit to a laboratory. STI-X was deemed an acceptable solution for increasing access to specialist sexual health testing. Professionals were supportive of the additional option for individuals who may not use standard healthcare pathways. They identified that the vending machines were easy to use; however, better communication was needed to enhance uptake. Therefore, utilising community-driven promotional approaches, such as word of mouth, are necessary to ensure that information on novel health initiatives reaches the intended audiences. STI testing vending machines have proved feasible and acceptable to professionals and users in rural and regional Australian communities. This technology would benefit from future research specifically in rural communities to determine whether priority populations will increase their STI testing. Policymakers should encourage innovative solutions in rural communities to combat growing workforce concerns.

57. A Monitoring Method to Evaluate the Accumulation of Antimicrobial-Resistance Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Distributed in Environmental Water.

期刊: Environmental microbiology reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) distributed in the environment can cause human refractory infections. Sufficient monitoring of environmental AMRB had not been performed regularly, and a less burdensome and more efficient method for monitoring environmental AMRB was needed. Assuming to monitor AMRB in the environment, we selected 910 AMRB isolates using cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin from Vietnamese environmental water samples and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. It indicated that Escherichia coli (36.0%), Citrobacter freundii (21.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (20.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.7%) were dominant. Using E. coli as a model, we further analysed AMRB isolates by phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The sequenced full-length fimH of the isolates were plotted with the already published fimH sequences on a phylogenetic tree. Considering phylogeny, 14 E. coli strains were subjected to WGS that indicated not only the number and type of ARGs but also the order of ARGs on the plasmid were confirmed in the analysed E. coli isolates. More importantly, 3 of the 14 strains were blaNDM-5-positive that is, carbapenem-resistant E. coli. These results suggest that our analytical procedure in this study is applicable as a monitoring method to understand in detail genetic characteristics of AMRB isolates in environmental water samples.

58. Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and risk of asthma at age 9 years.

期刊: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed