公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-12-29)

2025年12月29日

公共卫生研究摘要 (2025-12-29)

共收录 62 篇研究文章

1. Cross-Cultural Validation and Measurement Equivalence of Instigated Workplace Incivility Scale: Analysis of a Diary Study Using Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

期刊: International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed

摘要

Although workplace incivility (WI) has been extensively studied, limited attention has been paid to its validation in culturally diverse contexts such as China and Pakistan. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the psychometric properties of the instigated WI scale within these two distinct cultural settings. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the scale using a daily diary methodology. Participants were full-time employees from service-sector organisations in China (n = 110) and Pakistan (n = 118), recruited through snowball sampling. Over 10 days, 758 daily observations were collected from Chinese employees and 836 from Pakistani employees. The findings provide evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale in both samples, affirming the conceptual transferability of WI across these cultural contexts. The study also highlights the importance of accounting for cultural nuances in the manifestation and assessment of incivility. Establishing the scale’s validity and equivalence contributes critical methodological groundwork for future cross-cultural research on workplace mistreatment.

2. A Clinical Medication Review Focused on Deprescribing in Older Patients With Hyperpolypharmacy: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

期刊: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed

摘要

To address challenges in deprescribing, we investigated the feasibility of an intervention consisting of a clinical medication review (CMR) focused on deprescribing, supported by a training programme for healthcare providers (HCPs) among older patients with hyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 chronic medications) in primary care. A mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted in six Dutch community pharmacies using Bowen’s framework. The intervention comprised HCP training and a five-step deprescribing-focused CMR. Within 6 Bowen domains, 18 outcomes were assessed through (patient) questionnaires, interviews (patients, HCPs), process parameters, and medication dispensing data. Five pharmacists conducted CMRs with 24 patients (median age: 84.5 years). The intervention was well accepted by patients and HCPs. However, barriers emerged regarding implementation and practicality. Consultations lacked complete discussion of patient concerns, and pharmacists reported varying levels of confidence in making deprescribing decisions. Time constraints limited the incorporation of deprescribing into CMRs. On average, 1.3 medications per patient were deprescribed. Within a setting of motivated and CMR-experienced HCPs, adding a focus on deprescribing to CMRs for older patients with hyperpolypharmacy was feasible and well received. Feasibility was supported by high acceptability and deprescribing potential, though barriers in implementation and practicality indicate the need for further evaluation in broader primary care settings. Many older people take many medicines at once, which can cause side effects or unnecessary treatments. In this study, pharmacists and doctors worked together to review patients’ medicines and decide which could be safely reduced or stopped. After training, pharmacists carried out medication reviews with 24 older patients who used at least 10 medicines. The approach was well accepted and led to fewer medicines being used safely. Some practical challenges, such as limited time and confidence in stopping medicines, still need to be addressed before this method can be applied more widely.

3. Ostracism threatens certainty: a single-laboratory meta-analysis.

期刊: The Journal of social psychology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed

摘要

Ostracism is well-known to threaten fundamental needs for belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. This article presents theoretical and empirical evidence for an additional, fifth need, threatened by ostracism: the need for certainty. I review the theoretical basis for this need, and meta-analytically summarize evidence from 18 experiments from my research lab that manipulate ostracism and measure the degree to which individuals feel uncertain about themselves and their environment (total N = 5,241). Ostracism has a negative effect on one’s sense of certainty both immediately, d = -.37, 95% Confidence Interval [-.46, -.27], and also, to a lesser but still significant extent, after a brief delay d = -.16 [-.24, -.07]. I consider the current research landscape and future directions, including the behavioral and long-term effects of ostracism-induced uncertainty, the possible appeal of uncertainty for those who use ostracism, and the potential for other needs threatened by ostracism.

4. K-means clustering-based analysis of quantitative ultrafast DCE-MRI for predicting breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

期刊: Journal of applied clinical medical physics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed

摘要

Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is strongly associated with improved survival. This study investigates whether bilateral asymmetry of quantitative perfusion parameters in normal parenchyma from ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), measured using k-means clustering (KMC) before NAC, can predict pCR in breast cancer patients. Fifty-six breast cancer patients undergoing NAC with pretreatment ultrafast DCE-MRI (3-9 s/image at 3T) were enrolled. KMC was used to classify tumor and normal parenchymal voxels into five clusters based on maximum enhancement rate (A·α). Ipsilateral-to-contralateral (I/C) ratios of background parenchymal enhancement kinetics (kBPE) and tumor kinetics (kT) were compared between pCR and nonpCR groups. Logistic regression models were developed to predict pCR. Statistical tests included bootstrapping, z-test, chi-square, and Wilcoxon rank-sum. Patients with residual disease showed significantly higher kBPE in the normal-appearing parenchyma of the ipsilateral breast compared to the contralateral side. Parameters including enhancement rate α, A·α, area under the enhancement curve for 30 s AUC30, volume transfer constant Ktran s, and rate constant of contrast transfer, Kep, were significantly higher, while extravascular extracellular space fractional volume, ve, was significantly lower in the ipsilateral breast parenchyma versus contralateral breast parenchyma for women who have residual disease (p < 0.05). A prediction model using kBPE asymmetry alone achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83. Including tumor kinetics improved the AUC to 0.85. Bilateral asymmetry of kBPE parameters derived from ultrafast DCE-MRI using KMC before NAC initiation can predict pCR with high accuracy, providing a new minimal-invasive biomarker for treatment response.

5. Construction and application of high-quality development model for public hospitals oriented to regional medical center: an integrated advanced imaging platform for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography services.

期刊: Journal of applied clinical medical physics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed

摘要

The construction of regional medical centers represents a strategic initiative for improving healthcare quality and accessibility in public hospitals. Advanced imaging platforms integrating computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) technologies are crucial for achieving high-quality diagnostic services. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated advanced imaging platform model for a public hospital transitioning to a regional medical center, focusing on quality improvement, resource optimization, and clinical outcomes. A prospective implementation study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2023 in a tertiary public hospital. Implementation followed three phases: infrastructure preparation (months 1-12), technology deployment (months 13-24), and full-scale operations (months 25-36). Quality control included daily calibration, monthly phantom imaging, and quarterly physics evaluations. Key metrics measured were diagnostic accuracy (peer review), turnaround times, patient satisfaction (Press Ganey surveys), equipment utilization, and financial performance. AI systems underwent retrospective validation on 10 000 cases before clinical deployment. All AI tools utilized in this study were FDA-cleared or CE-marked commercial software platforms with established validation for clinical use. Following platform implementation, diagnostic accuracy improved by 23.7% (95% CI: 21.4%-26.0%, p < 0.001), examination turnaround time decreased by 42.3% (from 48.6 ± 12.3 to 28.1 ± 8.7 h, p < 0.001), and patient satisfaction scores increased from 72.4% to 91.8% (p < 0.001). The centralized imaging center model achieved a 31.5% reduction in operational costs while expanding service capacity by 58.2%. The integrated advanced imaging platform successfully enhanced diagnostic capabilities, operational efficiency, and patient care quality in a public hospital. This model provides a replicable framework for healthcare institutions pursuing regional medical center development.

6. Associations of lifetime exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with increased risk and earlier occurrence of 14 site-specific cancers.

期刊: Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-01 链接: PubMed

摘要

Evidence is limited concerning whether and to what extent fine particulate matter pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) is linked to the risk and the time to occurrence of site-specific cancers along with the key constituents of PM2.5 and the sensitive exposure window. By using data from 277,446 participants in the UK Biobank, the authors estimated exposures to PM2.5 and its 15 constituents during each participant’s lifetime and at different life stages using a bilinear interpolation method. The incidence and time to occurrence of 14 cancers were ascertained. Cox proportional hazard models and accelerated failure time models were applied to investigate the associations between air pollutants and incidence risk and occurrence time of 14 cancers. During a mean follow-up of 11.15 years, 25,820 patients with incident cancer were identified. Lifetime exposure to PM2.5 and to its constituents was associated with an increased incidence risk of 12 of 14 cancers, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals ranging from 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.07) for breast cancer to 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.27) for esophageal cancer. The constituents chloride ion, ammonium, nitrate, and sodium demonstrated the most pronounced effects. The middle-aged and elderly life stage (individuals aged 45 years and older) comprised the sensitive exposure window. The time to occurrence of cancers was earlier by from 0.05 years (ovarian cancer) to 1.95 years (esophageal cancer) because of overexposure to PM2.5 levels greater than 5 μg/m3. Lifetime exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents might increase the risk and accelerate the onset of various cancers. Combustion-sourced and agriculture-sourced components mainly account for this influence, with the middle-aged and elderly life stage (aged 45 years and older) a sensitive exposure window.

7. The Utilization of Africentric Ethnic Identity to Address Poor Neighborhood Air Quality for African American Adolescents.

期刊: Social work in public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

This study aimed to examine the impact of Africentric ethnic identity on the relationship between gender and poor neighborhood air quality. Quantitative data were collected from a convenience sample of 122 African American charter school students residing in a northeastern metropolitan area of the United States. Female students reported greater satisfaction with neighborhood air quality and higher Africentric ethnic identity in comparison to male students. Hierarchical regression analysis showed Africentric ethnic identity to operate as a covariate in the relationship between gender and neighborhood air quality. The results showed that Africentric ethnic identity statistically significantly improved the model fit, explaining additional variance in neighborhood air quality beyond gender. Higher Africentric ethnic identity was a function of greater satisfaction with neighborhood air quality in students. Africentric ethnic identity operates as a source of resilience that can help youth combat climate change problems like poor air quality through emotional and mental flexibility.

8. The importance of autophagy in multiple myeloma.

期刊: Expert review of anticancer therapy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Autophagy is a highly conservative self-degradative process. It aims at eliminating impaired proteins and cellular organelles. Previous research confirmed its importance in cancer pathogenesis. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched, analyzing studies on the role of autophagy in the development of multiple myeloma. The manuscript focuses on meta-analyses, case-control studies, and observational studies involving people with multiple myeloma. This article explores the role of autophagy in the development of MM. Autophagy plays a dual role in cancer development. It can either promote or inhibit carcinogenesis. Autophagy is crucial in determining the fate of B cells, either supporting their survival or triggering cell death. Drugs that target autophagy may be the focus of ‘molecular targeted therapy.’ In this review, autophagy mechanisms potentially effective in MM cells are discussed within the context of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), drug resistance, hypoxia, and DNA repair. The genes and pathways involved in MM cell survival and drug resistance, which could serve as new targets for effective treatment, are highlighted. The analysis of autophagy gene expression in MM could be a important factor in the diagnostic process and treatment individualization. The autophagy modulation seems to be a relevant target in oncological therapy, it could limit disease progression and increase the effectiveness of treatment.

9. Registered report: Predictors and trajectories of physical activity before, during, and following twin pregnancy from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.

期刊: Journal of sports sciences 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Many pregnant women do not meet guidelines for physical activity, and women with twin pregnancies are less likely to be physically active compared with singleton pregnancies. During and following pregnancy, physical activity patterns and their related predictors have not been previously explored in women pregnant with twins. Therefore, we aimed to examine stability and change in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy, and up to 18 months after childbirth in women pregnant with twins and identify predictors of their LTPA patterns. This study was based on data from a nationwide, prospective cohort study, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (1999-2008), and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used latent class growth analysis and logistic regression to identify patterns of LTPA and associated predictors among women pregnant with twins (n = 1,796). Two patterns were identified: low/moderate (53.3%) and high (46.7%). Parity, pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, and primary education were associated with 36-60% lower odds of belonging to the high LTPA class compared to the low-to-moderate LTPA class. There is an urgent need to study the potential consequences of physical activity in twin pregnancies on maternal and fetal health.

10. Characterization of COVID-19 patients in clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory settings: the role of vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D level in severity.

期刊: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

There are contradictory findings on the role of vitamin D-binding protein in COVID-19 development, disease severity, and outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between the serum vitamin D level, DBP, and the COVID-19 severity and outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, we observed the suspected and confirmed admitted patients with COVID-19 for the possible outcomes after measurements of vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (DBP). The study included patients with a mean age of 70.89 years (range: 28-99), mostly aged ≥60 years (84.81%) and male (54.43%). Most were admitted to medical wards (60.76%) or ICU (39.24%). The majority had confirmed COVID-19 (81.01%), while 12.66% were not diagnosed. Hospitalization duration varied: 1-3 days (21.52%), 4-7 (17.72%), 8-14 (37.97%), and >14 days (22.78%). Outcomes: 53.16% died, 34.18% discharged, 12.66% recovered. Disease severity was critical (41.77%), severe (30.38%), moderate (24.05%), and mild (3.80%). All received oxygen: 56.96% via reservoir mask, 36.71% continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and 6.33% nasal mask. Common comorbidities: hypertension (67.09%), diabetes (37.97%), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (25.32%), and smoking (21.52%). Symptoms: shortness of breath (77.22%), cough (75.95%), chest pain (60.76%). Fever types: persistent (44.59%) and high (27.03%). Only 25.32% were vaccinated (Pfizer 45%, AstraZeneca 30%, Sinopharm 25%), mostly with two doses (85%). Vitamin D was low (16.88). DBP protein (mean: 5.51, range: 0.15-25.20) showed no significant differences across outcomes or severity (p > 0.05). Our study’s results, particularly the exceptionally low mean DBP value in a cohort with high COVID-19 severity and mortality, highlight a crucial area of investigation.

11. First molecular identification and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients with multiple sclerosis in Iran.

期刊: Molecular biology reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) and Blastocystis sp. are common intestinal protists with potential immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated their epidemiology, genetic diversity, and associated risk factors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in western Iran, a population with immune dysregulation that may be vulnerable to opportunistic infections. From June 2022 to November 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 MS patients attenting neurology clinics in Sanandaj, Iran. Stool samples were analyzed using nested PCR targeting the triosephosphate isomerase(tpi) gene for G. duodenalis and direct PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene for Blastocystis sp. All PCR-positive samples were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. The prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. was 9.48% (11/116) and 12.06% (14/116), respectively. This prevalence is notable compared to some reports in the general Iranian population. Genotyping revealed G. duodenalis assemblages A (36.36%, 4/11) and B (63.64%, 7/11), and Blastocystis sp. subtype 1 (ST1) (28.6%, 4/14), ST2 (35.7%, 5/14), and ST3 (35.7%, 5/14). Multivariate analysis identified younger age (< 30 years; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.10, p = 0.007) and animal contact (AOR = 5.85, p = 0.030) as significant risk factors for G. duodenalis, while female sex (AOR = 8.31, p = 0.009) and animal contact (AOR = 4.79, p = 0.047) were significant for Blastocystis sp. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic diversity and suggested zoonotic potential of the identified isolates. This first molecular study of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in Iranian MS patients highlights a notable prevalence of these parasites. The significant association with animal contact and the identification of assemblages/subtypes with low host specificity underscore a potential zoonotic risk. These findings suggest that such infections may be underrecognized in MS populations and warrant consideration in clinical management, including potential screening and public health interventions to mitigate risk.

12. Immunohistochemical evaluation of EGFR protein expression and microvascular density reveals an angiogenic signature in Tunisian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

期刊: Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies persists even in RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors. EGFR’s role in tumor angiogenesis may contribute to this resistance and deserves further exploration. To assess EGFR protein expression and angiogenesis using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in mCRC, and to perform a molecular study of EGFR hotspot mutations. This retrospective study analyzed 61 FFPE metastatic colorectal cancer samples from Tunisian patients. EGFR protein expression and microvascular density were evaluated by IHC, and EGFR hotspot mutations were screened by PCR and Sanger sequencing. EGFR showed cytoplasmic expression in all cases. High expression (IHC score 3) was observed in 34.8% (16/46) of interpretable samples, while 50% (23/46) had low or no expression (score 0 or 1). MVD ranged from 8.66 to 85.33 (mean: 28.78). EGFR rs1050171 was identified in 31/40 patients (77.5%). EGFR abnormal expression was significantly associated with elevated MVD (p = 0.015), but not with EGFR mutation status. The significant association between EGFR abnormal expression and increased microvascular density (MVD) in metastatic colorectal cancer highlights the intertwined role of proliferative and angiogenic pathways in tumor progression. These immunohistochemical and molecular findings reinforce the relevance of EGFR not only as a biomarker for targeted anti-EGFR therapies but also as a potential driver of tumor angiogenesis. This dual involvement suggests that combined therapeutic strategies targeting both EGFR signaling and angiogenesis could offer enhanced clinical benefit for patients with mCRC.

13. Should voluntary assisted dying be available to people with mental illness? The example of Canada.

期刊: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

14. Bridging the Gap: Canadian Healthcare Providers' Perspectives of Harm Reduction and Substance Use Education in Hospital.

期刊: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

The complexity of health concerns associated with unregulated substance use has led to increased hospital utilization by people who use unregulated substances. Health care providers have described inadequate knowledge to adequately support this patient population during hospitalization. The aim of this research was to explore health care providers’ perspectives on harm reduction and substance use education in hospital settings. A qualitative secondary analysis was conducted using an interpretive lens. The research was conducted across three hospitals in one city in Southwestern Ontario. To guide the research, 31 health care providers, the majority being nurses, participated in either focus groups or individual interviews based on preference. All focus group or interview data were analyzed using an ethnographic method of analysis focusing on the hospital environment and education. Health care providers described two interconnected states regarding harm reduction and substance use education: the current state and the desired state. Key themes which emerged in the current state and desired state include: (a) insufficient education, (b) lack of resources, (c) inconsistent policy, (d) culture of stigma and suboptimal care, (e) enhanced education, (f) resources, (g) policy change, and (h) culture shift and optimal care. Findings of this study demonstrate the need for supportive policies, adequate resources, and enhanced harm reduction and substance use in hospital settings. Addressing these gaps is essential to transforming hospital culture and improving care for people who use unregulated substances. These insights can inform future policy, practice, education, and guide new research initiatives.

15. Risk management plans and drug safety in Canada: A cross-sectional study.

期刊: The International journal of risk & safety in medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

BackgroundHealth Canada uses risk management plans (RMPs) to identify and monitor risks associated with drugs in the postmarket phase but does not make the contents of these RMPs public.ObjectiveTo identify information about RMPs that is available in other Health Canada documents and to analyze extent of the information.MethodsA list of new active substances (NAS) approved by Health Canada between July 1, 2015 and May 5, 2025 was generated. These drugs were searched on the Summary Basis of Decision website and any information about the contents of the RMPs was copied verbatim. The information was read iteratively and grouped into themes.ResultsThere were 385 NAS approved and 381 had RMPs. For 301 the only information was that they had been reviewed by Health Canada and found to be acceptable. The information about the other 80 was typically vague and revealed little about how the information that they generated would be used to enhance safety.ConclusionHealth Canada needs to make RMPs publicly available, should explain how their implementation will be monitored and evaluated, how the information they generate will be used to enhance drug safety and should publish updates to them as necessary.

16. Understanding multi-level policy implementation in the national school lunch and breakfast programs: a mixed-methods and agent-based modeling protocol.

期刊: Implementation science communications 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (2010) improved the nutritional quality of school meals in the U.S. by aligning the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs with updated dietary guidelines. However, 2018 federal flexibilities in sodium, whole grains, and milk standards shifted key implementation decisions to local school districts. This created variability in uptake and potential inequities in diet quality and health outcomes, particularly among students from low-resource settings. Key drivers of differential uptake, and decision-making by local districts, is not well understood. In this three-phase study, we will use a mixed-method approach to examine the implementation of sodium, whole grains, and milk flexibilities across the many levels involved in implementing the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs and describe the impact of flexibility implementation on child health-related outcomes. In phase 1, we will conduct a nationally representative survey of school district food service directors to assess current flexibility implementation practices and determinants of decision-making. We will combine these primary data with publicly available state level and school district data to understand how decisions relate to school meal participation and health-related outcomes. Phase 2 involves interviewing school food industry actors to understand how National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs policy changes influence decisions that change food supply and distribution. In phase 3, we leverage insights from the actors surveyed and interviewed in phases 1 and 2 to develop an agent-based model. We will use this model to analyze potential effects of different policy changes on child health, examination of ways to improve effective and equitable district-level implementation of the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Program, and to develop tools to inform real-world policymaking. This study offers critical insights into the complexity of school food systems, emphasizing the role of decision making by actors involved in National School Lunch and School Breakfast Program implementation. Results will inform evidence-based strategies to support equitable implementation of school nutrition policies, expand policy implementation science by providing insight into the mechanisms that shape variation in implementation and health-related outcomes, and contribute methodological innovation using an agent-based model as a virtual policy laboratory.

17. Youth Perceptions of E-Cigarette Influencer Marketing on Social Media.

期刊: Substance use & misuse 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Youth exposure to e-cigarette-related influencer marketing on social media is associated with lower harm perceptions and greater susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Yet, youth perceptions of different types of influencer marketing remain underexplored. This study examined youth perceptions of explicit and implicit promotion and casual depiction of e-cigarettes by influencers, using focus groups to capture in-depth insights. In 2023, we conducted six online focus groups with 23 California 12th graders (age 18; 65% female; e-cigarette never- and ever-users). Participants viewed Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube posts in which influencers either promoted e-cigarettes explicitly (displaying brand names), promoted e-cigarettes implicitly (without brand names), or depicted e-cigarettes casually without promotional cues. The semi-structured guide covered content appeal, influencer relatability, recognition of promotion, and e-cigarette perceptions. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from transcripts. Participants found the following content appealing: casual e-cigarette displays perceived as non-promotional, and promotional videos with high production quality and trendy sounds. However, these perceptions did not translate into intentions to use e-cigarettes. Influencers casually displaying e-cigarettes were seen as more relatable than promoters, though some participants still saw them as problematic for normalizing vaping. Explicit promoters were perceived as financially motivated, while implicit promoters were perceived as potentially addicted, making both less relatable. Casual e-cigarette displays and engaging audiovisual effects elicited positive reactions but did not drive intentions to use e-cigarettes. Perceptions of addiction and normalization may have countered these positive perceptions. The findings highlight the need for continued youth education about e-cigarette health risks and marketing influence.

18. Association Between Sedentary Behavior and the Development of New-Onset Chronic Pain in Older American Adults: Insights From the Health and Retirement Study.

期刊: American journal of health promotion : AJHP 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

PurposeExplore the causal relationship between sedentary behavior (SB) and the new onset of chronic pain (NOCP) in Americans aged ≥50 years.DesignRetrospective secondary data analysis.Setting/SampleIn a target trial emulation framework, a dataset comprising four consecutive waves (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018) from the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study was investigated.Measures/AnalysisUnivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using survey-weighted, mixed-effects Poisson regression models with one-level random intercepts and linearized standard errors. Using the same approach, causal mediation analyses were carried out to examine the potential role of obesity, depression, and sleep disturbances as mediators in the relationship between SB and NOCP. The role of education level, race, and sex as potential effect modifiers was also evaluated.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, the risk of NOCP in participants who reported not having pain in the 2012 interview increased by 22% in those with SB vs those reporting no SB (95% CI = 1.12, 1.33; P < .001). The mediation effect attributed to obesity and depression was 58.2% (95% CI = 50.5, 71.3; P < .001) and 8.8% (95% CI = 1.6, 14.1; P < .001), respectively. The risk of NOCP in participants reporting SB was increased by 24.8% in women vs men (incidence rate ratio 1.25; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.52; P = .03).ConclusionThere is strong evidence for an association between SB and NOCP in the American subpopulation of women aged ≥50 years. This effect seems to be mainly mediated by obesity.

19. Dual regulation of coronin-1 expression by the core promoter and intronic regions.

期刊: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Coronin family proteins are involved in various cellular processes, such as actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility, and vesicular trafficking. Coronin-1, encoded by Coro1a, is specifically expressed in immune cells, and its defect causes severe immunodeficiencies. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Coro1a expression in immune cells remain unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Coro1a expression. A reporter assay revealed that the promoter region alone was insufficient for Coro1a transcription; both the promoter and gene body regions were required. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the 85-base fragment of the 5’-flanking region is required for Coro1a transcription in RAW264.7 cells. We identified 5 consensus sequences of GC boxes within this region, and the Sp3 transcription factor was found to bind to the GC box 4 most involved in coronin-1 expression. Sp3 binding regulation likely depended on chromatin accessibility. Further, DNase sequencing analysis revealed several open chromatin regions in the gene body region, including introns, in immune cells. Higher levels of active histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, were also detected in the gene body regions. Five ETS-binding sequences existed in introns 1 and 2, and mutations at these sequences decreased Coro1a transcription. Furthermore, active histone modifications at the intronic region were decreased during differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages into bone marrow-derived osteoclasts, which was accompanied by a reduction in Coro1a expression. These results demonstrate that Coro1a transcription is regulated by both the promoter and intronic regions, and this dual regulation could be important for Coro1a transcription in immune cells.

20. Effects of college students' physical activity on loneliness: a moderated mediation model.

期刊: BMC psychology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Loneliness is a critical mental health issue among university students, yet the mechanisms linking physical activity (PA) to loneliness remain underexplored. This study examines whether core self-evaluation (CSE) mediates the PA-loneliness relationship, and whether only-child status moderates this pathway. Using random cluster sampling from a Chinese university, 558 valid questionnaires were collected. This cross-sectional study collected self-reported data on PA levels, loneliness, and CSE among Chinese university students. The data underwent normality tests. Independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences in these variables by sex, grade, and only-child status. Pearson’s correlation analyses were employed to assess the relationships among loneliness, PA, and CSE. We used the PROCESS macro for hierarchical regression analysis to test the mediation effect of CSE and the moderation effect of only-child status. PA was negatively correlated with loneliness (r = -.154, P < .001) and positively with CSE (r = .263, P < .001). CSE fully mediated the PA-loneliness relationship (indirect effect = -0.001, 95% CI [-0.0007, -0.0003]). Only-child status moderated the direct path, the interaction term between PA and only-child status had a significant effect on loneliness (B= -0.0006, P = .016), The model explained 35.5% of the variance in loneliness. CSE serves as a complete mediator between PA and loneliness, and only-child status moderates this association. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring PA-based mental health interventions to students’ family backgrounds.

21. Inhibition of the RIPK1-driven necroptotic pathway protects against hypotensive and tachycardic responses to LPS in a rat model of septic shock.

期刊: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Necroptosis, a lytic type of cell death that is dependent on RIPK1-activated RIPK3 and MLKL, has been implicated in the progression of septic shock-related events. However, the role of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necrosome in hemodynamic alterations associated with necroptotic and inflammatory tissue injury due to bacterial infections has not been explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether inhibition of the RIPK1-driven necroptosis by a selective inhibitor of RIPK1, Nec-1s, protects against hypotension and tachycardia associated with necroptotic-, inflammatory-, and injury-related changes induced by bacterial LPS in rats. We also investigated the effects of RIPK1 inhibition on TLR4/TRIF- and caspase-8-related pathways that may contribute to these changes induced by LPS. The MAP and HR values were recorded from the conscious animals using a tail-cuff method. Serum iNOS, HMGB1, MPO, and LDH levels were determined using ELISA kits. The immunoblotting method was used to determine the changes in the expression of proteins related to the TLR4/TRIF- and caspase-8-mediated necroptotic and inflammatory pathways in the TA, RA, PA, and MCA. In the heart, kidney, lung, and brain, histopathological changes were evaluated by the H&E staining method. Expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and HMGB1 proteins in these organs was determined using immunohistochemical staining. Nec-1s prevented LPS-induced hypotension and tachycardia, increased serum iNOS, HMGB1, MPO, and LDH levels as well as expression of unphosphorylated and/or phosphorylated proteins of TLR4/TRIF/RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL/HMGB1-, TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/IKKβ/NF-kB/iNOS/NO/VASP-, and caspase-8-related pathways in the arterial vasculature, but did not increase RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL protein expression induced by LPS in the heart, kidney, and lung tissues. The LPS-induced increase in scores related to histopathological changes in the kidney was attenuated by Nec-1s. These findings suggest that inhibition of the RIPK1-driven necroptosis protects against hypotension and tachycardia, along with arterial and/or renal necroptotic-, inflammatory-, and injury-related changes during septic shock. It also seems that suppression of the TLR4/TRIF- and caspase-8-related pathways may contribute to the beneficial effects of Nec-1s during septic shock.

22. Targeting oxidative stress and monoamine imbalance: neuroprotective potential of Cereus jamacaru DC ethanolic extract in a Parkinson disease-like model in Drosophila melanogaster.

期刊: Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, there has been an increase in research on natural products that can reduce this risk. The cactus Cereus jamacaru DC is found in South America, South Africa, and China. When consumed as food or juice, C. jamacaru exhibits medicinal properties with antitumor and cytoprotective effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and heart, which are attributed to its high antioxidant content. However, its potential effect on diseases of the nervous system is unknown. The present study examined whether ethanolic extract from C. jamacaru might serve as a nutraceutical alternative against oxidative damage initiated by the pesticide rotenone using the Drosophila melanogaster model of PD. Initially, toxicological assays were performed with the extract added at 0.01-0.1 mg/g of food over 7 days. Locomotor activity, survival rate, and assays for nitric oxide, free Fe2 +, lipid peroxidation, total thiols, reactive oxygen species levels, cytotoxicity, and dopamine and serotonin levels were assessed. The rotenone-induced mortality rate was similar between sexes and was prevented by C. jamacaru extract at 0.075 mg/g of food. Rotenone-induced modifications in locomotor activity, survival rate, and head dopamine and serotonin levels, as well as biochemical parameters, were reversed by one or both concentrations of extract. Data demonstrated for the first time that ethanolic extract of C. jamacaru exerted systemic and neuroprotective effects against rotenone insults. These findings suggest the need for further pharmacological studies examining C. jamacaru as a potential therapeutic intervention for PD prevention or treatment.

23. Covariate adjusted dose-response curves with applications to vaccine clinical trials.

期刊: Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

Establishing dose-response relationships from observational data is challenging due to confounding and sample selection bias. Standard causal methods adjust for confounding but typically require knowledge of covariate distributions in the target population - often via a well-defined probability sampling scheme. We propose the Covariate Adjusted Logit Model (CALM), which generalizes log-linear structural mean models for binary exposures to continuous exposures by modeling a relative dose-response curve anchored to a baseline level. By separating this curve from the disease risk at baseline (null disease risk’ or NDR), CALM enables valid inference under biased sampling while adjusting for confounding effects. A Gibbs sampler - the All-or-Nothing algorithm - is introduced to support Bayesian modeling, drawing on a vaccine-effect-inspired interpretation of the relative dose-response curve. Simulation studies demonstrate that CALM recovers dose-response relationships accurately in the presence of bias and confounding. In vaccine trials, where confounding covariates affect immune responses differently across study arms, CALM provides a more accurate and robust antibody - disease curve to serve as a surrogate for evaluating vaccine effectiveness.

24. Comparing tailored implementation strategies to improve intervention fidelity in a school-based obesity prevention program: the IMPROVE hybrid type III trial.

期刊: Implementation science : IS 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed

摘要

In Sweden, childhood overweight and obesity rates have risen significantly over the last decades, necessitating scalable interventions. The evidence-based Healthy School Start (HSS) program integrates school and family components to promote healthy habits and prevent overweight and obesity among children. The IMPROVE trial aimed to compare the effect of two tailored implementation strategy bundles (Basic and Enhanced) on fidelity to the HSS program. A hybrid type III cluster-randomized trial with two parallel arms was conducted in 45 schools (cluster) in three municipalities in Stockholm Sweden from August 2021 to June 2024. The program was implemented in two consecutive cohorts over two academic school years. Fidelity was measured with an adherence score (0-4) and parent’s responsiveness (1-5) to the four intervention components (health brochure, motivational interviewing health talk, classroom module and type 2 diabetes risk test). Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models. A total of 946 parents and 655 children participated. Overall fidelity, assessed as an adherence score, was around 75%, with most components implemented as expected. The adherence score in the Basic bundle showed no significant difference compared to the Enhanced implementation strategy bundle (β = 0.01, p = 0.95, 95% CI: -0.24, 0.25). Two of four Enhanced implementation strategies, educational outreach visits and networking between school and primary health care, did not happen mainly due to lack of interest and time among personnel. Parents born within the Nordic countries had twice the odds (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.14-3.43) of completing the motivational interviewing health talk compared to those born outside the Nordics. Enhancing the Basic implementation bundle with additional strategies did not consistently improve adherence or responsiveness. However, improvements observed over time underscore the importance of targeted support during the initial implementation year. Additional motivational actions might be needed in schools with a high proportion of children whose parents are born outside the Nordic region. These findings highlight the complex interplay between context and implementation success, emphasizing the need to adapt strategies over time to optimize their effectiveness rather than merely adding more. Moreover, the essentially null findings also point to broader methodological challenges in implementation science, particularly how to prioritize among determinants, strategy selection and tailoring. ClinicalTrials.gov, Unique Protocol ID: NCT04984421. Registered July 30, 2021, https://register. gov/.

25. Reduced risk of overdose among clients of a safer opioid supply program in Southwestern Ontario: A pre-post observational cohort study.

期刊: The International journal on drug policy 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

North America faces an ongoing overdose crisis driven by a volatile and toxic drug supply comprised primarily of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues and other adulterants. Safer opioid supply (SOS) programs prescribe pharmaceutical opioids to individuals at high risk of overdose mortality. This study evaluated changes in non-fatal overdose prevalence in the 6 months after SOS program initiation among SOS participants in Kitchener-Waterloo, Canada. We analyzed data from a pre-post observational cohort of clients enrolled in a SOS program between July 2021 and October 2023. Baseline surveys were completed upon program entry, with follow-up surveys after 6 months. We compared non-fatal overdose prevalence between baseline and follow-up using McNemar’s test and calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, controlling for potential confounders including homelessness, hospitalization, daily fentanyl use, and incarceration. Among 100 participants completing follow-up (out of 162 who completed a baseline survey), overdose prevalence decreased significantly from 60 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 50-69) at baseline to 15 % (95 % CI: 9-23) at follow-up (p < 0.001). Overdose incidence rates declined from 48.5 to 3.3 per 100 person-months. After adjusting for confounders, participants had 83 % lower odds of overdose during follow-up (aOR 0.17, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.38). Participants in a SOS program experienced significant reductions in non-fatal overdose during the 6 months following program initiation. SOS clients are a high-risk population with elevated overdose rates at baseline; these results support expanding safer supply programs as part of a comprehensive set of strategies to address the overdose crisis.

26. On-the-ground realities of health program delivery in addressing community needs: a community-based participatory research approach in the moose Cree First Nation.

期刊: Journal of health, population, and nutrition 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

It has been well documented that Indigenous people in northern remote communities in Canada continue to experience a disproportionate burden of health disparities due to complex interactions of multiple determinants of health, including food insecurity, colonialism, barriers in accessing primary healthcare, and disrupted socioeconomic and political structures. Health promotion programs are essential in building preventive measures and empowering communities to take control over their health by helping them make informed health choices. This study described Indigenous-led nutrition-related health programs, the Healthy Babies, Healthy Children Program (HBHCP) and the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), which respond to food insecurity drivers and support community needs in Moose Cree First Nation (MCFN). It also documented the on-the-ground realities of program delivery and highlighted community-informed priorities for improved programming. Grounded in community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, our approach emphasized the importance of community engagement in supporting the healing process within this cultural context. Data collection included first-hand participation in program delivery alongside program coordinators, participant feedback, and semi-structured interviews from community members (n = 6) and Health Center staff (n = 3). Thematic analysis was used to identify themes across interview data, field notes, and community feedback. High food costs, limited access and availability, and poor food quality remain the primary food-related challenges experienced in the community. Health programs serve as frontline responders to community needs and address these challenges through culturally grounded and family-oriented nutrition education activities. Community members valued the programs’ knowledge-sharing approaches, tangible support, and social connections. However, systemic barriers significantly constrain program delivery, including inadequate funding, limited resources, staffing shortages, and the impact of COVID-19. These barriers limited the programs’ capacity to reach their full potential, despite strong community resilience. Indigenous-led nutrition programs are vital in addressing food insecurity and promoting health in northern communities. The findings underscore the need for sustainable funding and stronger policy support that reflects the true cost of service delivery in remote Indigenous communities. The findings emphasize the need for policy changes that move beyond top-down approaches toward community-informed policies and Indigenous-led health programming.

27. Preliminary clinical evaluation of cefmetazole dosing regimens in Japanese patients with urinary tract infections.

期刊: Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

28. Spiritual competence among nursing students: A Cross-Sectional study.

期刊: BMC medical education 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

29. Social Environmental Factors Help to Explain Early Substance Use Initiation Among Youth With Comorbid Psychological and Somatic Symptom Trajectories.

期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

To examine how substance use (SU) initiation during early adolescence is influenced by youths’ comorbid psychological and somatic symptom trajectory (C-PSST), risk perceptions, and their proximal environment. Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development longitudinal study data, we classified youth into asymptomatic/low versus moderate/high C-PSST groups. The outcome, SU initiation, was derived from biannual youth reports. Youths’ risk perceptions, family (parent SU problem, monitoring, SU rules) and peer factors (perceived peer disapproval and SU) were recorded annually. Cox regression determined hazard rates with 95% confidence intervals for factor and interaction effects. Among our sample of 9,848 youths, those in the moderate/high C-PSST group had a 56% higher rate of SU initiation than the asymptomatic/low C-PSST group. However, the effect of symptom group became nonsignificant when family and peer factors were considered. Higher parental monitoring, peer disapproval, and youths’ risk perceptions independently decreased the risk of SU initiation, while lax parental rules and any perceived peer use increased the risk. Youth in the moderate/high C-PSST group were at 42% higher risk of SU initiation only when their parents reported a SU problem (HR 1.42 [95% CI 1.01-2.00]). Our findings show how youths’ comorbid symptomology and environmental factors impact SU initiation during early adolescence. The higher SU initiation rate among youth with moderate/high C-PSST was moderated by environmental factors. Thus, in addition to managing comorbid symptomology, strategies to address environmental risk factors may be needed to decrease early SU initiation for vulnerable youth.

30. Health-related quality of life in palliative care: determinants identified in a hospital-based observational study.

期刊: BMC palliative care 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

31. Tools and methods for assessing the usability and related aspects of usability of extended reality and telerehabilitation technologies in stroke rehabilitation: a scoping review.

期刊: Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

Extended reality (XR) and telerehabilitation (TR) technologies are increasingly being used into stroke rehabilitation. These technologies have the potential to enhance therapy intensity, motivate users through engaging and interactive environments, and improve access to rehabilitation services in both clinical and home settings. Usability assessment is essential to ensure effective, engaging, and accessible interventions. This scoping review aims to identify tools used to evaluate XR and TR technologies in stroke rehabilitation. This scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, further refined by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute. A literature search was performed across five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) using keywords and their variations related to stroke, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, telerehabilitation, and usability evaluation. Peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts published up to December 2024 were included if they reported on the usability evaluation of XR or TR technologies in neurological rehabilitation. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility. Relevant data were extracted using a standardized data charting framework. The search yielded 2,290 articles, of which 111 were included in the review. Twenty-eight tools were identified, encompassing both direct usability assessments and complementary tools addressing related aspects. These tools were grouped into six categories: (1) standardized questionnaires, (2) custom questionnaires, (3) semi-structured interviews, (4) task-based usability testing, (5) modified standardized questionnaires, and (6) think-aloud protocols. The most frequently used tool was the System Usability Scale (SUS), followed by custom questionnaires. Among studies explicitly evaluating usability, 55.9% combined two to six tools to capture multiple facets of usability. Usability was assessed in 67.6% of publications using quantitative methods (e.g., questionnaires), in 4.5% using qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups), and in 27.9% using mixed methods approaches. Usability of XR and TR technologies is assessed with a wide variety of tools. Combining tools helps capture different aspects of usability, highlighting the importance of addressing its multifaceted nature in stroke rehabilitation. Future research could develop and validate a framework integrating multiple aspects of usability to ensure both relevance and comparability across studies.

32. Prevalence of smoking, occupational stress level, and associated factors among nursing faculty members in Palestine: a multicenter nationwide survey.

期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

Smoking is a significant global health issue, causing millions of deaths annually and contributing to severe illnesses like lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, Tobacco use continues to pose a significant global health issue, especially alarming when it is widespread among healthcare professionals who are expected to act as role models. This study examined the prevalence and associated factors of smoking and occupational stress levels among nursing faculty members in Palestinian universities and colleges. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. The data were collected from 164 participants from 17 educational institutions through a self-administered questionnaire that included smoking practices and the occupational stress domain from the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Findings indicated a smoking prevalence of 37.2%, with cigarettes being the most commonly used tobacco product. Key factors influencing smoking behavior included peer influence, stress relief, and cultural norms. Gender and marital status were also significant, with females and single participants demonstrating higher smoking rates. In terms of occupational stress level among participants, nearly half (47%) experienced moderate to extremely severe levels of stress. The results showed a moderate negative correlation between occupational stress and age (r = -0.275, p < 0.001). Also, smoking status was significantly associated with occupational stress levels (p-value = 0.027), with current smokers reporting higher occupational stress levels than non-smokers and former smokers. This study offers critical insights into the high prevalence of smoking among Palestinian nursing faculty, occupational stress, socio-cultural norms, and limited smoking cessation resources that contribute to high smoking prevalence among nursing faculty. Targeted interventions, including culturally tailored smoking cessation programs and institutional tobacco-free policies, are recommended to promote healthier behaviors. These findings are crucial for shaping public health strategies and for improving educators’ role modeling of health behaviors in the healthcare sector.

33. Anxiety as a mediator in the relationship of perceived stress and social support with emotional eating in female university teachers.

期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

34. Consensus on Occupational Therapy for Refugee Children's Psychosocial Wellbeing in Schools.

期刊: Occupational therapy in health care 发表日期: 2025-Dec-27 链接: PubMed

摘要

Refugee children face increased psychosocial risks due to displacement stressors. Limited evidence guides occupational therapists selecting effective intervention modalities for this population in high-income country (HIC) schools. This study focuses on middle childhood, a critical developmental stage. To determine expert consensus on occupational therapy intervention modalities and approaches to promote psychosocial wellbeing with refugee children in middle childhood in schools. A Delphi study was conducted with occupational therapy experts specializing in psychosocial practice with refugee children. A mixed-methods survey gathered expert opinions and prioritized intervention modalities and approaches suitable for school-based practice in HICs. Strong consensus was reached on play, followed by creative therapies and client-centred approaches. Experts agreed on incorporating trauma-informed care, emotional regulation, counseling, and stress management strategies. Play supported social skills and taught cultural norms through games. Arts and crafts were the most endorsed creative activity. Play within counseling was an emerging theme. Safe spaces and therapeutic relationships were emphasized within trauma-informed practice. The study identified expert-endorsed occupational therapy modalities and approaches for refugee children in schools. Findings offer foundational guidance for intervention design and future research.

35. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and diabetes in Bangladeshi adults: Can clean air targets curb the rising diabetes burden?

期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2025-Dec-26 链接: PubMed

摘要

Diabetes is a growing public health challenge in Bangladesh, potentially exacerbated by high levels of air pollution. However, no nationally representative epidemiological evidence exists in Bangladesh. We therefore investigated the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and diabetes and estimated the potential health benefits of achieving national and international clean air targets. This retrospective study included 13,965 adults (8284 women and 6965 men) who participated in the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were derived from high-resolution, calibrated satellite data matched to their residential addresses. Diabetes was identified as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported use of glucose-lowering medication. Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to estimate the associations between PM2.5 and diabetes, and a Generalized Additive Model was employed to characterize the exposure-response relationship. We also evaluated potential Effect Measure Modification across various sociodemographic groups. The diabetes burden attributable to PM2.5 and the potential health benefits of achieving national and World Health Organization (WHO) clean air targets were estimated using the attributable fraction. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in 3-year average PM2.5 concentration (with a 1-year lag) was associated with a 10 % higher risk of diabetes (adjusted Risk Ratio: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.04, 1.17), with a stronger effect observed among individuals with obesity. Achieving national and WHO air quality targets could potentially reduce the population-level prevalence of diabetes by 4.6 % to 7.5 %. Greater benefits were seen among women, older adults, individuals with obesity or hypertension, and urban populations. Our results demonstrate that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes in Bangladeshi adults. Achieving clean air targets can substantially reduce the national and regional population-level burden of diabetes, underscoring the significant health benefits of reducing air pollution.

36. Clinical features of Mycobacterium abscessus complex and Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease in Kyushu, Japan.

期刊: Respiratory investigation 发表日期: 2025-Dec-26 链接: PubMed

摘要

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic respiratory infection with a growing incidence and mortality globally. Although the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) pulmonary disease have been extensively reported, evidence regarding non-MAI NTM-PD remains limited. This retrospective cohort study included patients newly diagnosed with NTM-PD between 2010 and 2017 at 18 hospitals in Kyushu, Japan. Data on baseline characteristics, causative organisms, radiological findings, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were collected and analysed. In total, 1317 patients were enrolled. M. intracellulare (50.4 %), M. avium (40.5 %), M. abscessus complex (MABC) (2.4 %), and M. kansasii (2.4 %) were identified as the major causative organisms. Compared with patients with MAI, those with MABC exhibited a lower body mass index and a higher AFB sputum smear positivity rate. Patients with M. kansasii infection were predominantly male, frequently had underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and presented with cavitary lesions. Treatment initiation rates for MABC and M. kansasii were 71.9 % and 87.5 %, respectively. The response rate to the treatment in sputum mycobacterial evaluation was comparable between the two groups. However, the re-treatment rate was higher in the MABC group (30.4 % vs. 14.3 %). The 10-year mortality rates were 25.0 % and 15.6 % for MABC and M. kansasii, respectively. Initial treatment responses for MABC and M. kansasii were favourable. However, long-term outcomes for MABC remained poor, potentially owing to the limited availability of effective continuation-phase therapies. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to understand the clinical management and prognosis of non-MAI NTM-PD.

37. Sleep science, the cultural authority of medicine, and school start times.

期刊: Social science & medicine (1982) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-25 链接: PubMed

摘要

School start times have emerged as a major policy development at the intersection of public health and education, and they have been researched extensively with attention to the relationships between school schedules and adolescent sleep quality. Despite the extensive research on start times, few studies have examined the ways medical professional organizations, medical professionals, and sleep scientists portray findings of relevant science through their advocacy for later school start times. Our findings show that medical professionals and scientists emphasize a) the unique biological sleep needs of teenagers, b) the consensus among experts on the benefits of later start times, and c) the need for experts to educate the public on the relevant science supporting later start times. We discuss how school start times represents a novel case of cultural authority, one in which medical professional organizations, medical professionals, and sleep scientists attempt to present their expertise in ways that advance the abiding interests of other groups in addition to improving public health.

38. Sleep duration and efficiency from 6 to 18 years of age in a birth cohort.

期刊: Sleep medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-25 链接: PubMed

摘要

Healthy sleep comprises a multidimensional sleep-wake pattern, adapted to individual, social and environmental demands, which promotes physical and mental well-being. To describe sleep multitrajectories from 6 to 18 years of age. Population-based birth cohort using information from 4231 participants assessed at birth and at 6, 11, 15, and 18 years of age. Bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency were measured through actigraphy. Group-based multitrajectory models (GBMTM) were applied to jointly explore the longitudinal changes in bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency over time. Maternal and child characteristics at birth were used to describe prevalence (with 95 % confidence interval) of sleep multitrajectories. 3595, 3547, 1940, and 3447, respectively, at ages 6, 11, 15, and 18 years had information on sleep parameters, and 2412 were included in the multitrajectory analysis. In the entire cohort, sleep duration decreased from 7.54 h at 6 years to 6.84, 6.14, and 6.42 h, respectively, at 11, 15, and 18 years, and sleep efficiency improved with age from 81.0 % at 6 years to 85.0 % at 18. Three multitrajectory groups containning the simultaneous analysis on the four sleep parameters were defined: G1, G2 and G3, comprising, respectively, 28.8 %, 33.8 %, and 37.4 % of the sample. At 18 years, only adolescents from G3 achieved sleep duration and efficiency within the recommended range for age (respectively, 7.60 h/day and 86.0 %). Female adolescents and those with low birth weight had a greater likelihood of belonging to G3. Although adolescents from the three groups presented an acceptable sleep duration at 6 years, by the end of adolescence only 37.4 % of them achieved the recommended sleep duration and efficiency needed for a good health and well-being, as defined by the United States National Sleep Foundation.

39. Racialized heteropatriarchy, sexual minority status, and cardiometabolic risk among Black and White young adult women.

期刊: Social science & medicine (1982) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-25 链接: PubMed

摘要

Increasingly, population health literature recognizes that structural racism and structural heteropatriarchy each pattern women’s population health, and acknowledges their mutually constitutive nature, yet few studies explicitly integrate measures from each of these systems of oppression into one construct. I develop a composite measure of racialized heteropatriarchy, or the reinforcing systems of race-, gender-, and sexuality-based discrimination, using contextual indicators of reproductive care access, LGB civil rights policies, gendered racism, and family welfare policy. Using Waves I, III, and IV of Add Health (N = 4,633), I explore its relationship and cardiometabolic risk-an indicator of stress-related physiological dysregulation-among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White young adult females by race/ethnicity (a social construct that exists to justify racial stratification) and sexual minority status (self-identification as heterosexual vs. self-identification as non-heterosexual and/or attracted to females). Findings from race-stratified negative binomial regressions suggest that exposure to racialized heteropatriarchy is positively associated with cardiometabolic risk among Black heterosexual women (count ratio = 1.055, 95 % CI = [1.006, 1.106]), Black sexual minority women (1.059 [0.958, 1.170]), White sexual minority women (1.078 [1.000, 1.163]), and to lesser extent White heterosexual women (1.026 [0.987, 1.067]). This study enhances our understanding of women’s population health by underscoring the joint roles of structural racism and structural heteropatriarchy in patterning the health of multiply-marginalized women, and adds further evidence that racial inequity in women’s health cannot be eliminated without policies that address race-, gender- and sexuality-based discrimination.

40. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α,α-dimethyl-p-ethylphenylpropanal, CAS Registry Number 67634-15-5.

期刊: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 发表日期: 2025-Dec-25 链接: PubMed

摘要

41. Development and characterization of a blunt force trauma model in reconstructed human skin.

期刊: Forensic science international 发表日期: 2025-Dec-25 链接: PubMed

摘要

Establishing the timing of violent incidents is often a crucial aspect of criminal proceedings. Forensic injury dating methods can provide important information, but remain limited up to date, especially in non-fatal injury. Previous research has shown potential for pathological analyses of superficial skin biopsies, however, there is a need for more specific biomarkers. An in vitro blunt force trauma model in reconstructed superficial skin may offer a platform to identify novel markers for forensic injury dating. This we have studied in a three-dimensional reconstructed human skin (RhS) model in vitro, in which human keratinocytes were cultured on fibroblast populated collagen-based hydrogels. Blunt force trauma was induced by the impact of a dropped metal object of 18.5, 68.2, and 100 g from a height of 5 and 10 cm onto the RhS model. Morphological changes resulting from the trauma were assessed through (immune)histochemical analysis 24 h post trauma induction. Blunt force application resulted in fragmentation of the dermal matrix. Additionally, a reduction in the cross-sectional area of spinous keratinocytes and an increase in epidermal stratification were found in β-catenin stained tissue. No differences in epidermal or stratum corneum thickness were found. This study demonstrates that the RhS model show key structural changes following blunt force trauma induction. As such it offers an promising in vitro platform to identify novel epidermal blunt force trauma markers.

42. Association between rural sanitation and under five survival in China: Evidence from World Bank development indicators.

期刊: African journal of reproductive health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-23 链接: PubMed

摘要

This study analysed the relationship between rural sanitation and survival rates of children less than five years in China. The data from the World Bank for the period 2000 to 2020 were obtained via the World Development Indicators (WDI). The central theme was to determine the correlation between access to basic rural sanitation and two essential child survival indicators: stunting heights and under-five mortality. The study used graphical trend analysis and statistical correlation to determine trends and correlations across time. Findings showed a high negative correlation between under-five mortality, and rural sanitation and between stunting and rural sanitation. The results indicate that with improved access to sanitation, there is reduced stunted growth and mortality among the children. Reduction in stunting growth was attributed to limited exposure to sanitation-related diseases such as diarrhoea, the common culprits of malnutrition and mortality among under five children. We conclude that increased access to rural sanitation is associated with increased child survival and should receive priority in health and development policy. Integration of sanitation efforts into maternal and child health programs and further investments in rural sanitation infrastructure can also improve health outcomes and support the attainment of global development targets. Cette étude analyse la relation entre l’assainissement rural et le taux de survie des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Chine. Les données de la Banque mondiale, couvrant la période 2000-2020, ont été obtenues via les Indicateurs du développement dans le monde (IDM). L’objectif principal était de déterminer la corrélation entre l’accès à l’assainissement rural de base et deux indicateurs essentiels de la survie infantile : le retard de croissance et la mortalité des enfants de moins de cinq ans. L’étude a utilisé l’analyse graphique des tendances et la corrélation statistique pour déterminer les tendances et les corrélations au fil du temps. Les résultats montrent une forte corrélation négative entre la mortalité des enfants de moins de cinq ans et l’assainissement rural, ainsi qu’entre le retard de croissance et l’assainissement rural. Ces résultats indiquent qu’un meilleur accès à l’assainissement réduit le retard de croissance et la mortalité infantile. La réduction du retard de croissance est attribuée à une exposition limitée aux maladies liées à l’assainissement, telles que la diarrhée, principales causes de malnutrition et de mortalité chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans. En conclusion, un meilleur accès à l’assainissement rural est associé à une augmentation de la survie infantile et devrait être une priorité des politiques de santé et de développement. L’intégration des efforts d’assainissement aux programmes de santé maternelle et infantile et des investissements accrus dans les infrastructures d’assainissement rural peuvent également améliorer les résultats sanitaires et contribuer à la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable.

43. Impact of a targeted multimedia campaign on maternal health awareness and service utilisation in rural Karnataka, Southern India: An experimental study.

期刊: African journal of reproductive health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-23 链接: PubMed

摘要

Maternal health service utilization in rural India remains a persistent challenge, often hindered by gaps in knowledge and behavioral barriers. To address this, this study evaluated the impact of a targeted multimedia campaign on maternal health awareness and service uptake in a rural Karnataka community. A rigorous Solomon Four-Group experimental design was employed, where 160 pregnant or postpartum women were randomized into four groups. The intervention consisted of a six-month, culturally-tailored multimedia campaign delivered in the local Kannada language through channels including radio, video, posters, and mobile messages, while control groups received standard care.The campaign yielded statistically significant improvements in maternal health knowledge (p<0.001) and recognition of critical danger signs. Women exposed to the intervention had substantially higher odds of attending at least four antenatal care visits (OR: 3.66), choosing institutional delivery (OR: 2.78), and receiving timely postnatal care (OR: 2.78). The study design confirmed these effects were directly attributable to the intervention, not pre-test sensitization. The findings suggest that targeted, culturally-grounded multimedia campaigns are a highly effective and scalable strategy for improving maternal health knowledge and translating it into practice in similar rural settings. L’accès aux services de santé maternelle en Inde rurale demeure un défi persistant, souvent entravé par des lacunes en matière de connaissances et des barrières comportementales. Afin d’y remédier, cette étude a évalué l’impact d’une campagne multimédia ciblée sur la sensibilisation à la santé maternelle et le recours aux services dans une communauté rurale du Karnataka. Un plan expérimental rigoureux de type Solomon à quatre groupes a été mis en œuvre, dans lequel 160 femmes enceintes ou en post-partum ont été réparties aléatoirement en quatre groupes. L’intervention consistait en une campagne multimédia de six mois, adaptée au contexte culturel et diffusée en langue kannada locale par divers canaux, notamment la radio, la vidéo, l’affichage et les SMS, tandis que les groupes témoins recevaient les soins standards. La campagne a permis d’obtenir des améliorations statistiquement significatives des connaissances en matière de santé maternelle (p < 0,001) et de la reconnaissance des signes de danger critiques. Les femmes ayant bénéficié de l’intervention avaient une probabilité nettement plus élevée d’effectuer au moins quatre consultations prénatales (OR : 3,66), de choisir un accouchement en établissement de santé (OR : 2,78) et de recevoir des soins postnatals en temps opportun (OR : 2,78). Le protocole de l’étude a confirmé que ces effets étaient directement attribuables à l’intervention et non à une sensibilisation préalable. Les résultats suggèrent que les campagnes multimédias ciblées et adaptées au contexte culturel constituent une stratégie très efficace et facilement déployable pour améliorer les connaissances en matière de santé maternelle et les traduire en pratique dans des contextes ruraux similaires.

44. Network toxicology analysis of hair dye components and their association with breast and bladder cancers.

期刊: African journal of reproductive health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-23 链接: PubMed

摘要

This study employed a network toxicology approach to investigate the potential toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of hair dye components in relation to breast and bladder cancer. By integrating data from multiple databases and performing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, key targets and pathways were identified. Network and molecular docking analyses revealed that major hair dye chemicals may induce carcinogenesis through xenobiotic metabolism and interact with critical proteins involved in cancer pathways. These findings provide theoretical support for the health risks associated with hair dye exposure and offer insights into potential preventive strategies. Cette étude a employé une approche de toxicologie des réseaux pour investiguer les effets toxiques potentiels et les mécanismes moléculaires des composants des teintures capillaires en relation avec le cancer du sein et le cancer de la vessie. En intégrant des données provenant de multiples bases de données et en réalisant des analyses d’enrichissement Gene Ontology (GO) et Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), les cibles et voies moléculaires clés ont été identifiées. Les analyses de réseau et de docking moléculaire ont révélé que les principaux produits chimiques des teintures capillaires pourraient induire la carcinogenèse via le métabolisme des xénobiotiques et interagir avec des protéines critiques impliquées dans les voies cancéreuses. Ces résultats fournissent un support théorique concernant les risques sanitaires associés à l’exposition aux teintures capillaires et offrent des perspectives pour des stratégies préventives potentielles.

45. Combating HIV/AIDS prevalence in South Africa: Does foreign aid play a significant role?

期刊: African journal of reproductive health 发表日期: 2025-Dec-23 链接: PubMed

摘要

The study employed a comprehensive graphical presentation and statistical analysis using data from 2017 to 2023 to assess how different dimensions of foreign aid impact the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in South Africa. The finding suggests that as the proportion of foreign aid increases, HIV/AIDs prevalence tends to decrease. Consequently, result of funding for treatment has correlation (r = -0.657). This moderate negative association reinforces the traditional belief that investments in direct treatment are effective in reducing disease prevalence. The relationship between funding allocated to education reveals a notable positive correlation (r = 0.33) with HIV prevalence. Against this backdrop, the policymakers in South Africa should prioritize allocating resources to quality programs that have robust passthrough effects on HIV/AIDs reduction in the country. Also, given the current termination of about 40 USAID funded projects in South Africa, if the policymakers in South Africa desire to prevent further escalation of HIV prevalence in the country, they should explore substantive internal sources of fundings. Cette étude a utilisé une présentation graphique détaillée et une analyse statistique des données de 2017 à 2023 pour évaluer l’impact des différentes dimensions de l’aide étrangère sur le taux de prévalence du VIH/SIDA en Afrique du Sud. Les résultats suggèrent que plus la part de l’aide étrangère augmente, plus la prévalence du VIH/SIDA tend à diminuer. Par conséquent, le financement des traitements présente une corrélation (r = -0,657). Cette association négative modérée conforte l’idée reçue selon laquelle les investissements dans les traitements directs sont efficaces pour réduire la prévalence de la maladie. La relation entre le financement alloué à l’éducation et la prévalence du VIH révèle une corrélation positive notable (r = 0,33). Dans ce contexte, les décideurs politiques sud-africains devraient privilégier l’allocation de ressources à des programmes de qualité ayant un impact significatif sur la réduction du VIH/SIDA dans le pays. De plus, compte tenu de l’arrêt récent d’une quarantaine de projets financés par l’USAID en Afrique du Sud, si les décideurs politiques sud-africains souhaitent prévenir une nouvelle augmentation de la prévalence du VIH dans le pays, ils devraient explorer des sources de financement internes substantielles.

46. Exercise impact on IRE1α signaling: Novel insights into Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment.

期刊: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 发表日期: 2025-Dec-18 链接: PubMed

摘要

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and its downstream signaling play a central role in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among them, IRE1α, as a key sensor of ER stress, is a pivotal molecule connecting stress to inflammation. Its aberrant activation drives neuroinflammation, which in turn exacerbates Aβ deposition, Tau pathology, and cognitive decline. Therefore, targeting the IRE1α signaling pathway has become a potential strategy for AD intervention. Recent studies suggest that exercise can alleviate ER stress and directly or indirectly inhibit the excessive activation of IRE1α, thereby reducing its downstream inflammatory signals. This review aims to systematically elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of the IRE1α inflammatory signaling pathway in AD. It also focuses on exploring the evidence of the neuroprotective effect of exercise through regulating this pathway, providing new theoretical basis and direction for exercise-based prevention and treatment of AD.

47. Effectiveness, facilitators and barriers of digital mental health services for First Nations Peoples in Australia: A systematic scoping review.

期刊: Interactive journal of medical research 发表日期: 2025-Dec-17 链接: PubMed

摘要

First Nations peoples in Australia experience inequitable mental health outcomes and service access. Digital mental health (DMH) services, which refer to offering mental health services through digital platforms, are considered potential solutions to address such mental health service inequities and improve First Nations Australians’ mental health outcomes. However, evidence on the effectiveness of DMH for First Nations Peoples in Australia is yet to be synthesised. This systematic scoping review aimed to fill this gap, and to identify the facilitators and barriers that influence the implementation of DMH services in this context. A systematic search was conducted across six academic databases to search for studies related to DMH services for First Nations Peoples in Australia. Search terms relating to First Nations Peoples, geographic terminologies of Australia, mental health, and digital mental health services were used. Studies were included if they assessed the effectiveness, or determinants of facilitators and barriers of implementing digital mental health interventions among First Nations people in Australia. Data were extracted based on study design, targeted services, and research findings, then synthesised using a thematic analysis framework. In total, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. DMH services were used to provide support, treatment, and psychological assessments for First Nations Australians. Evidence of effectiveness was stronger for non-severe mental health conditions. Determinants of facilitators and barriers of the implementation of DMH services included: (i) organisational and administrative factors; (ii) cultural appropriateness; (iii) accessibility; (iv) integration of DMH services to the existing health system; (v) engagement between clients and service providers; (vi) coverage of different conditions and clients; (vii) acceptability to DMH services; (viii) digital literacy, and (ix) efficiency. Evidence on the use of digital mental health (DMH) services for First Nations Australians remains heterogeneous in study design and outcome measurement. DMH services appear most effective for managing non-severe mental health conditions. Successful implementation requires multi-level structural support, including policy and organisational commitment, enhanced digital infrastructure, workforce training and engagement, and the design of culturally responsive DMH models to improve uptake and equitable access to mental health care among First Nations Australians.

48. Trophic magnification factors of volatile methylsiloxanes measured and predicted in freshwater and marine environments.

期刊: Environmental toxicology and chemistry 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed

摘要

The trophic magnification factor (TMF) is an important metric for evaluating chemical biomagnification in food webs. However, reported TMF values of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) vary widely, presumably due to the spatial gradient of chemical concentrations and sampling biases. This study surveyed biota and sediment concentrations of cyclic VMS and two reference polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; PCB-153 and PCB-180) in the rocky and sandy areas of the Yugawara coast, Japan. Biota concentrations and TMFs were also predicted by the Multibox-AQUAWEB model for the food webs in the same areas. The predicted biota concentrations and TMFs of the cyclic VMS and PCBs were in good agreement with the measured values. In the rocky and sandy areas, the mean TMFs of cyclic VMS were <1 with strong or moderate statistical significance, suggesting trophic dilution, while the mean TMFs of the PCBs exceeded 1 with strong statistical significance, indicating trophic magnification. The Multibox-AQUAWEB model was applied to predict TMFs for three cyclic VMS and five linear VMS in six global aquatic food webs: Lake Erie, False Creek, Lake Pepin, Lake Ontario, Inner Oslofjord, and Tokyo Bay. Predicted TMFs ranged from 0.13 to 1.00 for all VMS-food web pairs, except for L5 in Lake Pepin (TMF = 1.10; 95th percentile confidence interval [0.75, 1.61]), lacking statistical significance (p > 0.05). It is noted that none showed TMFs of VMS >1 with statistical significance. Thus, it is unlikely that VMS would be trophically magnified in aquatic food webs. To improve model predictions, more precise measurements of dietary uptake efficiencies and somatic biotransformation rate constants of VMS are needed, as trends against molecular weight or logKOW were not clearly demonstrated.

49. Timing-based strategies to minimize the impact of long-haul travel on sleep: A pilot study in elite athletes traveling for competition.

期刊: Physiological reports 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Long-haul travel poses significant challenges to sleep in elite athletes, yet evidence-based interventions tested in competitive settings remain scarce. This study investigated the effects of timing-based interventions on sleep in 10 national-level Canadian speed skaters prior to a World Cup competition in Beijing (13 time zones crossed). Athletes followed a tailored sleep schedule upon arrival and for the days preceding the competition. Total sleep time in Beijing was not different from Canada (p = 0.254) or pre-season (p = 0.999) and was lower the night before travel (p < 0.001) due to the early flight to Beijing. When comparing data with a similar dataset presenting no intervention, bedtime was successfully delayed and resulted in later wake-up time and longer total sleep time. Total sleep time increased by ~10 min/night, suggesting adjustments in sleep-wake rhythm during the first days upon arrival were still present. Race performance was unaffected by travel, with no time effect on overall rank (p = 0.74). These preliminary findings suggest that individualized timing-based strategies might support sleep regulation and circadian re-synchronization in elite athletes following long-haul travel. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results in larger samples and explore the effectiveness of customized timing-based intervention on different time changes and on performance.

50. Identification of Insect Nephotettix cincticeps Proteins Interacting With Rice Dwarf Virus-Encoding Pns10 Tubule by DUALmembrane Yeast Two-Hybrid System.

期刊: Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) exploits virus-induced non-structural proteins Pns10 tubules to overcome membrane or tissue barriers for viral spread within its insect vectors, Nephotettix cincticeps. However, whether vector factors are involved in the motility of virus-containing tubules and, if so, which ones, remains largely unknown. In this study, a high-throughput DUALmembrane yeast two-hybrid system was employed to screen for N. cincticeps proteins interacting with RDV Pns10 tubule. Our results demonstrate that RDV Pns10 interacts with 64 candidate proteins from the vector, which were classified into nine molecular function categories. Furthermore, we confirmed that the expression levels of 14 selected candidate genes, primarily including three energy-related mitochondria genes, three cytoskeleton-related genes, three ribosomal protein synthesis genes, two stress-related DnaJ protein genes, and three intracellular transport-related proteins, were differently modulated upon interaction with RDV Pns10 protein. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the role and importance of RDV Pns10 interaction with vector proteins during viral infection. It also enhances our understanding of the biochemistry and physiological responses of N. cincticeps to viral infection.

51. Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in developing countries is expected to rise as a result of increases in life expectancy and the ageing of the population (1). Accumulating evidence implicates pathogens as triggers of inflammation and development of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders, including AD (2-4). This retrospective case-control study aims to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment and specific antibodies status to diverse pathogens in a sample of 165 participants aged ≥65 years from the Panama Aging Research Initiative Health Disparities (PARI-HD) study (5). Diagnosis was estimated during consensus review meetings by clinical experts in neurology, neuropsychology, and psychiatry. IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Herpesvirus simplex type 1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Treponema pallidum and Trypanosoma cruzi were tested. Participant demographics, biomarkers of inflammation and cognitive-functional factors were analyzed for associations with single/multiple pathogen-specific antibodies reactivity using multivariable regression analyses. Only C. pneumoniae seropositivity was significantly different between cognitively unimpaired and impaired groups (p = 0.02) and increasing TNF-α levels were directly associated with C. pneumoniae seropositivity (OR=2.08, IC95% 1.0-4.1, p = 0.04). In addition, cumulative exposure to infectious agents increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment (OR=1.51, CI95% 1.01-2.26, p = 0.04) and poorer processing speed (OR=17.43, CI95% 2.32-32.53, p =  0.02). The presence of C. pneumoniae in multiple pathogen interactions significantly increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment diagnosis (OR=4.07, CI95% 1.24-13.36, p = 0.03). These results expand our understanding of cognitive impairment in a Hispanic population and warrant further studies on the role of C. pneumonia and multi-pathogen infection in Alzheimer’s disease.

52. Identification and Characterization of CAPA Receptor in Western Flower Thrips: Specific Insights Into CAPA Signaling by Naturally Occurring Peptides and CAPA-Derived Peptide Analogs.

期刊: Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Insect CAPA peptides belong to the family of PRXamide(a) peptides (X, variable amino acids), which are involved in essential physiological functions, including anti-diuresis, desiccation, and myotropic activity. In this study, we identified and characterized a CAPA receptor (CAPA-R) in the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) for two endogenous CAPA peptides: CAPA1 (EVQGLFPFPRV) and CAPA2 (QGLIPFPRV). CAPA2 exhibited approximately twice the potency of CAPA1 in activating CAPA-R. Additionally, the modified, shortened peptides, GLFPFPRV and LFPFPRV-derived from CAPA1-activated the receptor more strongly than the native CAPA1. The findings from our previous study, which showed minimal expression of the mRNA responsible for CAPA1, together with the results of the present study demonstrating that the addition of two N-terminal residues, glutamate (E) and valine (V), in CAPA1 interferes with its ability to bind to the receptor, suggest that CAPA2 serves as a primary ligand for the CAPA-R. Through the binding assays using CAPA peptides derived from species across five insect orders-Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera, as well as a non-insect species, a mollusk (slug)-we confirmed that CAPA receptors are exclusively activated by CAPA peptides from insects, regardless of species, and show no activation by other PK peptides. Additionally, we found that F. occidentalis CAPA-R utilizes both intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ ions as second messengers in signal transduction triggered by CAPA receptor activation. The short peptide analogs (6-8 residues) derived from the CAPA peptides will be interesting for the development of CAPA agonists targeting the CAPA system to control F. occidentalis populations in the field.

53. A study on role of topical application of mitomycin c postoperatively in reducing adhesions/synechiae after FESS in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: A Randomized controlled trial.

期刊: The Medical journal of Malaysia 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Synechiae formation is a common and undesired complication after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Mitomycin-c, known for its anti-proliferative and anti-fibroblastic properties holds potential for reducing synechiae and scar tissue formation following endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topically applied mitomycin-c postoperatively in minimising adhesions and nasal obstruction symptoms using the Lund- Kennedy Endoscopic Scoring and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores. This double-blind randomised study assessed topical mitomycin-c’s efficacy in reducing adhesions post-FESS in 50 chronic rhino-sinusitis patients. Participants who were selected based on Lund-Mackay CT scores underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The mitomycin-c and saline-soaked nasal packs were placed in middle meatuses either of one in each nasal cavity. Postoperative care included antibiotics, analgesics and saline douching. Outcomes were evaluated at 1, 4 and 12 weeks using the NOSE (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy scoring to determine mitomycin-c’s impact on nasal obstruction and synechiae formation. The results indicated statistically significant variation between mitomycin-c and control sides in terms of symptoms and endoscopic findings in the first week postoperatively. By the fourth week, the clinical pictures of both sides were nearly identical. Data suggested that low-dose mitomycin-c significantly reduces adhesions and improves nasal symptoms in the early postoperative period for chronic rhinosinusitis patients. These results align with previous research, supporting mitomycin-c as a valuable adjunctive therapy in sinus surgery. Future studies are recommended to explore varying dosages and application methods for potential differences in outcomes.

54. Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. AD disproportionately affects APOE4 carriers, who experience accelerated amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like lecanemab reduce amyloid plaques, their use is complicated by amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA-likely related to brain bleeds), particularly in APOE4 carriers. Lecanemab, a humanized mAb targeting Aβ protofibrils, but still poses an enhanced risk for APOE4 carriers. This study explores whether early lecanemab treatment can reduce the risk of microbleeds and prevent cognitive deficits as well as brain atrophy in APOE4 humanized AD mouse models. Advanced AD mouse models with humanized APP (hApp), Tau (hMAPT), and APOE3/APOE4 genes were used. The murine version of lecanemab (mAb158) was synthesized and shown to target synthetic Aβ oligomers and pre-fibrillar amyloid in these models. Starting at 3 months of age, hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE4 and hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE3 mice received mAb158 (20 mg/kg weekly for 26 weeks) or vehicle (PBS). Cognitive performance was assessed at 6, 9, and 12 months using a touchscreen-based Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to assess attention. At study end, brain tissues were analyzed via light-sheet microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Prussian Blue staining, and ELISA to evaluate plaques, amyloid deposits, microbleeds, and Aβ levels. Immunohistochemistry and light-sheet microscopy revealed significant amyloid accumulation in the brain and blood vessels of hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE4 mice, from 6 months of age onward, compared to hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE3. In the mAb158 treated mice, insoluble Aβ accumulation was negligible in both genotypes at 9 months of age and significantly reduced at 15 months of age in hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE4 mice compared to vehicle. hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE4 mice showed CPT deficits starting at 6 months under vehicle and mAb158, with no difference in performance between treatment groups. Preliminary analyses suggest mAb158 causes microhemorrhages. Early mAb158 treatment reduces key Alzheimer’s disease pathology but fails to prevent attention deficits in hAppNL-F-hMAPT-APOE4 mice and may increase microbleeds in this vulnerable group. By combining new generation mouse models of genetic AD risk with translational cognitive and imaging biomarkers, we propose a preclinical platform to better predict the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatments.

55. Oxybenzone in Sunscreen: A Comprehensive Ecotoxicological Review.

期刊: The Medical journal of Malaysia 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is a widely used organic compound in sunscreens and other personal care products due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is effective in protecting the skin from harmful UV rays, thereby reducing the risk of skin cancer and photoaging. However, increasing concerns have emerged regarding the environmental impact of oxybenzone, particularly in marine ecosystems. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords included “oxybenzone,” “sunscreen,” “ecotoxicology,” “marine organisms,” and “environmental impact.” Studies published from 2000 to 2023 were included to ensure a thorough understanding of the topic. Oxybenzone has been detected in various marine environments, with concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms per litre. Oxybenzone has been shown to cause bleaching in corals, impairing their ability to recover from stress. Research indicates that oxybenzone exposure can lead to endocrine disruption in fish, affecting reproductive success and behaviour. Oxybenzone has been found to be toxic to various invertebrates, including mollusks and crustaceans. Sub-lethal effects include impaired growth and development, as well as altered feeding behaviour. The data indicate a clear concentration-response relationship for oxybenzone toxicity across different species. Lower concentrations tend to produce sub-lethal effects, while higher concentrations can lead to mortality. The findings of this review highlight the significant ecotoxicological risks posed by oxybenzone in marine environments. The widespread use of oxybenzone in sunscreens, combined with its persistence in aquatic ecosystems, raises concerns about its long-term effects on marine biodiversity. A balanced approach that considers both human health and environmental sustainability is essential for the future of sunscreen formulations.

56. Evaluation of embryonic toxicology, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of the Equisetum arvense mediated Magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

期刊: The Medical journal of Malaysia 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed

摘要

Preparing and stabilising various types of nanoparticles using herbal extract has proven to be an intriguing prospective environmentally beneficial technology. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) are finding a broad range of applications in the environmental and medical sciences due to their impressive antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activity. The traditional uses of Equisetum arvense included wound and ulcer healing, renal issues, tuberculosis treatment, and bleeding control. This work intended to synthesise magnesium oxide nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly manner utilising E. arvense, with potential uses in biomedicine. Using a green fabrication technique, E. arvense extract was used to create magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs). The antibacterial activity of the resulting MgO NPs against wound infections was evaluated. The ABTS, Nitric Oxide, DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. Utilising zebrafish survivability during MgONPs treatment, cytotoxicity was evaluated. The green-produced MgONPs showed good antibacterial activities against wound infectious microbes, compared to the E. arvense control. It also demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility and antioxidant activity. The potential application of plants mediated NPs as antibacterial, and an antioxidant agent is the primary conclusion of the research.

57. [Cerebral and extrancerebral complications combined with otogenic meningitis with various outcomes].

期刊: Vestnik otorinolaringologii 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

To increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with otogenic meningitis based on the analysis of the frequency and structure of cerebral complications (CC) and extracerebral complications (ECC) with different outcomes. The analysis of variants of the clinical course of otogenic purulent meningitis OPM in 51 patients with the isolation of combined CC and ECC, the immediate causes of death, was carried out. OPM in 66.7±6.6% of cases was accompanied by combined central nervous system diseases, which in descending order included encephalitis, epidural empyema, thrombophlebitis of the cerebral sinuses and intracerebral abscess. In case of fatal outcomes of OPM, compared with favorable ones, the frequency of CC increased significantly in association with acute purulent otitis media (APOM) - from 50.0±10.7% to 92.9±8.5 (p≤0.02), to a lesser extent with exacerbation of chronic purulent otitis media (CPOM) - from 71.4±12.1% to 80.0±17.9. Sepsis was detected in all fatal cases, with favorable cases - in 54.5±10.6% in association with APOM and 21.4±11.0% with CPOM (p≤0.05). Infectious-toxic shock (40%), bilateral focal-drain pneumonia (33.3%) and cerebral edema (26.7%) were noted as the direct causes of death. An analysis of the clinical course and thanatogenesis of OPM allows us to state that combined CC and ECC significantly increase the risk of fatal complications. Повысить эффективность лечения пациентов с отогенными менингитами на основе анализа частоты и структуры церебральных осложнений (ЦО) и экстрацеребральных осложнений (ЭЦО) с различными исходами. Проведен анализ вариантов клинического течения отогенного гнойного менингита (ОГМ) у 51 пациента с выделением комбинированных ЦО и ЭЦО, непосредственных причин смерти. В 66,7±6,6% случаев ОГМ сопровождался комбинированными ЦО, которые в порядке убывания включали энцефалит, эпидуральную эмпиему, тромбофлебит мозговых синусов и внутримозговой абсцесс. При летальных исходах ОГМ по сравнению с благоприятными исходами частота комбинированных ЦО значительно возрастала в ассоциации с острым гнойным средним отитом (ОГСО) — с 50,0±10,7% до 92,9±8,5% (p≤0,02), в меньшей степени при хроническом гнойном среднем отите (ХГСО) — с 71,4±12,1% до 80,0±17,9%. Во всех случаях летальных исходов выявлен сепсис, при благоприятных исходах — в 54,5±10,6% случаев в ассоциации с ОГСО и в 21,4±11,0% случаев в ассоциации с ХГСО (p<0,05). Непосредственными причинами смерти были инфекционно-токсический шок (40%), двусторонняя очагово-сливная пневмония (33,3%) и отек головного мозга (26,7%). Анализ клинического течения и танатогенеза отогенного гнойного менингита позволяет констатировать, что комбинированные церебральные и экстрацеребральные осложнения существенно увеличивают риск развития смертельных осложнений.

58. [Epidemiology and treatment tactics for chronic suppurative otitis media].

期刊: Vestnik otorinolaringologii 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

Data on the epidemiology of ear and mastoid diseases, including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), In Russia are fragmented and presented in various non-specialized journals. However, analysis of incidence and prevalence dynamics allows us to assess the development of this pathology in the population, the accessibility of medical care, the effectiveness of treatment measures, and identify ways to improve these indicators. To analyze the epidemiology and treatment of ear and mastoid diseases, including chronic suppurative otitis media, in the Russian Federation and Moscow. A retrospective quantitative assessment of the prevalence (overall) and incidence (primary) of ear and mastoid diseases, including chronic suppurative otitis media, was conducted using data from state statistics services and reports from Moscow otolaryngology hospitals for the period from 2010 to 2024. According to statistical reports, in recent years there has been a decrease in the incidence of ear and mastoid diseases in the overall morbidity structure in the Russian Federation from 2.4% to 1.8%. In 2022, the overall incidence was 28.75 cases per 1000 population, primary - 17.6 cases per 1000 population. The average overall and primary incidence of ear and mastoid diseases in Moscow from 2013 to 2023 was 32.9 cases per 1000 population, and primary - 23.2 cases per 1000 population. In the Russian Federation and Moscow over the past 10 years, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the primary and overall incidence of chronic otitis media (In Russia, the average primary incidence is 0.4, the overall - 2.09, in Moscow - 0.17 and 1.39, respectively). In Moscow, there has been an increase in the proportion of patients with CSOM in hospitals (from 6.2% to 8.1%) and in the structure of ear and otitis media diseases (from 21.7% to 39.2%). A sharp increase in surgical activity was noted for ear and otitis media diseases (from 24.3% to 69.9%), as well as for CSOM (from 50.6% to 87.8%), with CSOM largely due to tympanoplasty (from 66.7% to 85.8%). The increase in surgical activity in the management of patients with CSOM has led to a decrease in the proportion of sanitary operations for urgent or emergency indications (from 10.7% to 2.3%). In a specialized department (using the Ear Microsurgery Research Department of the L.I. Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Oncology and Orthopedics of the Moscow Health Department as an example), which provides elective surgical care to patients with chronic otitis media, a significant (threefold) increase in the number of patients treated and the number of reconstructive and sanitizing surgeries performed was observed from 2010 to 2024, driven by the intensification of the treatment process. Meanwhile, the overall proportion of patients with this pathology in the department’s patient population has remained virtually unchanged over the past 15 years (60% on average), as has the percentage of surgical procedures performed. Optimization of healthcare has resulted in a reduction in the incidence of ear and mastoid diseases and chronic suppurative otitis media, as well as an increase in the volume of care provided to patients with chronic suppurative otitis media due to increased hospital capacity and physician workload. Сведения об эпидемиологии заболеваний уха и сосцевидного отростка (СО), в том числе хронического гнойного среднего отита (ХГСО), в России разрозненны и представлены в различных непрофильных журналах. Однако анализ динамики заболеваемости и распространенности позволяет оценить развитие данной патологии в популяции, доступность медицинской помощи, эффективность лечебных мероприятий и определить пути улучшения этих показателей. Выполнить анализ эпидемиологии и лечения заболеваний уха и сосцевидного отростка, включая хронический гнойный средний отит, в Российской Федерации и Москве. Проведена ретроспективная количественная оценка распространенности (общей) и заболеваемости (первичной) по классу болезней уха и СО, в том числе ХГСО, по данным служб государственной статистики и отчетов оториноларингологических стационаров г. Москвы за период с 2010 по 2024 г. По данным статистических отчетов, в Российской Федерации в последние годы отмечается снижение заболеваемости по классу болезни уха и СО в структуре общей заболеваемости с 2,4% до 1,8%. В 2022 г. общая заболеваемость составила 28,75 случая, первичная — 17,6 случая на 1000 населения. Средний показатель общей и первичной заболеваемости болезнями уха и СО в Москве с 2013 по 2023 г. составил 32,9 случая, а первичной — 23,2 случая на 1000 населения. В Российской Федерации и Москве в течение последних 10 лет наблюдается тенденция к снижению первичной и общей заболеваемости населения ХГСО (в России первичная заболеваемость в среднем — 0,4, общая — 2,09, в Москве — 0,17 и 1,39 соответственно). При этом в Москве наблюдается увеличение доли больных ХГСО в стационарах (с 6,2% до 8,1%) и в структуре заболеваний уха и СО (с 21,7% до 39,2%). Отмечен резкий рост хирургической активности при заболеваниях уха и СО (с 24,3% до 69,9%), а также при ХГСО (с 50,6% до 87,8%), причем при ХГСО в большей степени за счет тимпанопластики (с 66,7% до 85,8%). Увеличение оперативной активности при ведении больных ХГСО привело к снижению доли санирующих операций по срочным или экстренным показаниям (с 10,7% до 2,3%). В специализированном отделении (на примере научно-исследовательского отдела микрохирургии уха ГБУЗ «НИКИО им. Л.И. Свержевского» ДЗМ), осуществляющем плановую хирургическую помощь пациентам с ХГСО, с 2010 по 2024 г. отмечается существенный (в 3 раза) рост количества пролеченных больных и проведения у них реконструктивных и санирующих операций, что обусловлено интенсификацией лечебного процесса. При этом общая доля пациентов с этой патологией в структуре больных отдела за 15 лет практически не меняется (в среднем 60%), как и процентное соотношение видов операций. Оптимизация здравоохранения позволила добиться снижения заболеваемости по классу болезней уха и сосцевидного отростка, хронического гнойного среднего отита, роста объема оказания помощи больным с хроническим гнойным средним отитом за счет увеличения пропускной способности стационаров и нагрузки на врачей.

59. [The relationship between the right heart and the thickness of the common carotid artery intima-media complex in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].

期刊: Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

To study the relationship between the parameters of the right heart and the thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media complex (IMC) in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). A single-center cross-sectional study analyzed clinical and instrumental data from 263 patients (137 males and 126 females) diagnosed with CCI. Depending on the average thickness of CCA IMC, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=184) with CCA IMC ≤1.3 mm and Group 2 (n=79) with CCA IMC ≥1.31 mm. Patients in Group 2 were significantly older (64.7±10.8 years vs. 60.7±8.5 years for males; p<0.05) and had a higher rates of hypertension (64.5% vs. 40.2%; p<0.05), obesity (51.8% vs. 32.6%; p<0.05), chronic kidney disease (39.2% vs. 19.0%; p<0.05), a stable form of coronary heart disease (56.9% vs. 27.7%; p<0.05), hypercholesterolemia (49.3% vs. 35.8%; p<0.05), elevated levels of C-reactive protein (37.9% vs. 19.5%; p<0.05), and blood glucose (8.11±5.70 mmol/L vs. 6.26±2.4 mmol/L; p<0.05) compared to Group 1 patients. Parameters of the right heart, including right ventricular size (2.335±0.483 cm vs. 2.221±0.373 cm; p<0.05), thickness of the right ventricle anterior wall (0.437±0.104 cm vs. 0.396±0.079 cm; p<0.05), TAPSE (2.445±0.445 cm vs. 2.567±0.316 cm; p<0.05), pulmonary artery diameter (2.507±0.407 cm vs. 2.339±0.328 cm; p<0.05), and pulmonary artery pressure (38.4±16.1 mm Hg vs. 32.6±10.3 mm Hg; p<0.05) were significantly higher in Group 2. There were significant correlations between the average thickness of the CCA IMC and the size of the right ventricle (r=0.19; p<0.05), the thickness of the right ventricle anterior wall (r=0.21; p<0.05), the diameter of the pulmonary artery (r=0.22; p<0.05), and the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery (r=0.20; p<0.05). In patients with CCI, an increase in CCA IMC thickness ≥1.3 mm was associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, chronic kidney disease, stable coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, and venous blood glucose. A significant correlation was established between the structural changes in the carotid arteries and the parameters of the right heart, which may reflect systemic atherosclerotic and hemodynamic changes that contribute to the progression of cerebrovascular disorders. Изучение взаимосвязи параметров правого отдела сердца с толщиной комплекса интима-медиа (КИМ) общей сонной артерии (ОСА) у пациентов с хронической ишемией головного мозга (ХИМ). В одноцентровом поперечном исследовании были проанализированы клинико-инструментальные данные 263 пациентов (137 мужчин и 126 женщин) с установленным диагнозом ХИМ. В зависимости от средней толщины КИМ ОСА пациенты были разделены на две группы: 1-ю (n=184) — КИМ ОСА ≤1,3 мм; 2-ю (n=79) — КИМ ОСА ≥1,31 мм. У пациентов группы 2 выявлены достоверно более высокие показатели возраста у мужчин (64,7±10,8 года против 60,7±8,5 года; p<0,05), а также повышенная частота артериальной гипертензии (64,5% против 40,2%; p<0,05), ожирения (51,8% против 32,6%; p<0,05), хронической болезни почек (39,2% против 19,0%; p<0,05), стабильной формы ишемической болезни сердца (56,9% против 27,7%; p<0,05), гиперхолестеринемии (49,3% против 35,8%; p<0,05), повышенного уровня C-реактивного белка (37,9% против 19,5%; p<0,05) и гликемии (8,11±5,70 ммоль/л против 6,26±2,4 ммоль/л; p<0,05) по сравнению с пациентами группы 1. Показатели правого отдела сердца, включая размер правого желудочка (2,335±0,483 см против 2,221±0,373 см; p<0,05), толщину передней стенки правого желудочка (0,437±0,104 см против 0,396±0,079 см; p<0,05), показатель TAPSE (2,445±0,445 см против 2,567±0,316 см; p<0,05), диаметр легочной артерии (2,507±0,407 см против 2,339±0,328 см; p<0,05) и давление в легочной артерии (38,4±16,1 мм рт.ст. против 32,6±10,3 мм рт.ст.; p<0,05), были значительно выше в группе 2. Установлены достоверные корреляции между средней толщиной КИМ ОСА и размером правого желудочка (r=0,19; p<0,05), толщиной передней стенки правого желудочка (r=0,21; p<0,05), диаметром легочной артерии (r=0,22; p<0,05), а также уровнем систолического давления в легочной артерии (r=0,20; p<0,05). У пациентов с ХИМ увеличение толщины КИМ ОСА ≥1,3 мм ассоциировано с более высокой частотой сердечно-сосудистых и метаболических факторов риска, включая артериальную гипертензию, ожирение, хроническую болезнь почек, стабильную форму ишемической болезни сердца, гиперхолестеринемию, повышенные уровни C-реактивного белка и глюкозы венозной крови. Установлена значимая связь между структурными изменениями сонных артерий и параметрами правого отдела сердца, что может отражать системные атеросклеротические и гемодинамические изменения, способствующие прогрессированию цереброваскулярных расстройств.

60. [The role of positive childhood experiences in adult well-being: Theoretical frameworks and applications].

期刊: Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

Childhood experiences play a decisive role in shaping long-term physical and mental health as well as overall well-being in adulthood. In recent years, alongside adverse childhood experiences, increasing attention has been directed toward positive childhood experiences, which not only compensate negative effects, but also independently contribute to resilience and to maintaining mental health. This paper reviews how these experiences support adult well-being, outlines the theoretical frameworks that help in understanding their diversity and impact mechanisms, and highlights potential measurements in science and intervention practice. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of strengthening positive, protective and compensatory experiences in the fields of prevention, health promotion, and clinical interventions. Our aim is to demonstrate how positive childhood experiences can open new perspectives in understanding and supporting well-being. Keywords: adverse childhood experiences, positive childhood experiences, protective and compensatory experiences, resilience, well-being, mental health, developmental assets, supportive relationships, health promotion, trauma-informed approach.

61. [New regulations on the connection of voice disorders with the profession].

期刊: Vestnik otorinolaringologii 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

The voice is an important indicator of human health, since the state of voice function is related to the activity of the main body systems. Impaired vocal function significantly changes relationships with people for the worse, makes it difficult or completely impedes the performance of professional duties. The main causes of phonation-related diseases of the larynx, dysphonia, is a systematic overload of the voice. Analysis of modern regulations for the examination of the connection of the disease with the profession and professional suitability in diseases of the larynx. The analysis of existing and newly approved normative and methodological documents regulating expert work in determining the relationship of laryngeal disease with a profession and assessing professional suitability in workers of voice and speech professions has been carried out. Diseases caused by an occupational factor are among the occupational diseases, the list of nosological forms of which is approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The procedure for the diagnosis of an occupational disease has been defined in two stages - preliminary and final diagnoses, and the necessary algorithms for the actions of specialists have been developed. Strict consideration of all existing regulatory requirements for the examination of the relationship between the disease of the vocal apparatus and the profession and professional suitability of «voice professionals» is aimed at eliminating serious errors in detecting early symptoms of impaired vocal function, maintaining longevity, observing social justice and preserving the quality of life of employees and medical professionals. Голос является важным показателем здоровья человека, поскольку состояние голосовой функции связано с деятельностью основных систем организма. Нарушение голосовой функции значительно изменяет в худшую сторону отношения с людьми, затрудняет или полностью препятствует выполнению профессиональных обязанностей. Основной причиной фонаторно обусловленных заболеваний гортани (дисфоний) является систематическая перегрузка голоса. Выполнить анализ современных регламентов экспертизы связи заболевания с профессией и профессиональной пригодности при заболеваниях гортани. Проведен анализ нормативно-методических документов, регламентирующих экспертную работу при определении связи заболевания гортани с профессией и оценке профессиональной пригодности у работников голосо-речевых профессий. Заболевания, причиной которых является профессиональный фактор, относятся к числу профессиональных, перечень нозологических форм утвержден Министерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Определен порядок установления диагноза профессионального заболевания в два этапа — предварительного и заключительного диагнозов, разработаны необходимые алгоритмы действий специалистов. Строгий учет всех регламентирующих требований к осуществлению экспертизы связи заболевания голосового аппарата с профессией и профессиональной пригодности у «профессионалов голоса» направлен на исключение серьезных ошибок при выявлении ранних симптомов нарушения голосовой функции, продление трудового долголетия, соблюдение социальной справедливости и сохранение качества жизни.

62. [The risk of depression among Hungarian female teachers: role of work motivations, burnout, and teacher well-being and resilience].

期刊: Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata 发表日期: 2025 链接: PubMed

摘要

Depression, as part of mental health issues among professionals working in the field of education, is associated with burnout and several personal protective and risk factors in relatin to their work environment. Considering gender distribution of the profession, investigation of female educators should get special attention, partly due to their substantial overrepresentation, partly due to their elevated involvement. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze risk and protective factors (burnout, work motivatons, teacher resilience and well-being) of depressibe symptomatology in a sample of female educators. Participants of our online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey were Hungarian female teachers (N = 520). We applied the following scales for measuring variables: Center of Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale; The Mini Oldenburg Burnout Inventory; Teacher Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire; The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale; Teachers’ Resilience Scale. Data analysis was conducted with the help of SPSS, using descriptive statistics, correlation, and logistic regression analyses. Thirty-five percent of the sample demonstrated depressive symptoms based on the CES-D scale. Risk factors were identified with logistic regression analysis including dimensions of burnout, especially exhaustion, and amotivation. Teacher well-being, intrinsic and identified motivation, personal and social resilience emerged as protective factors. The novelty of our research is the involvement of occupational factors in relation to mental health. Our findings highlight the great risk of depressive symptoms among female teachers, which has been strongly linked to exhaustion dimension of burnout and amotivation. Screening for depression in due time would be important among teachers as well as strengthening protective factors and detecting workplace stressors, and managing risk factors.