公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-01-12)
共收录 57 篇研究文章
1. Factors associated with long-term posttraumatic stress following later termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: results from a longitudinal study.
期刊: Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study investigates factors associated with long-term posttraumatic stress following later termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. N = 159 women undergoing later termination of pregnancy were assessed at four time points: pre-termination (T0), at four months (T1, N = 115), one year (T2, N = 99), and four years post-termination (T3, N = 90). Participants answered a questionnaire containing questions about posttraumatic stress (IES), optimism (LOT-R), social support (F-SozU) and several sociodemographic as well as pregnancy related variables. To assess changes in posttraumatic stress over time and possible predictors, generalized estimating equations were calculated. Average posttraumatic stress declined significantly from T1 (52.3% above average) to T2 (20.0%) and T3 (17.8%). Optimism at T0 was a significant predictor for lower overall posttraumatic stress, avoidance and intrusion. Having previous children and higher gestational age were significant predictors for higher intrusion scores. Findings align with research indicating that most women recover from the initial distress, though some experience prolonged symptoms and should thus receive adequate psychological support. Lower optimism, having previous children and higher gestational age may be risk factors for higher posttraumatic stress levels. Further research should examine the sources of posttraumatic stress among people seeking abortion later in pregnancy due to fetal anomaly.
2. Association between sweet food consumption and preeclampsia: Insights from an observational study and Mendelian randomization analysis.
期刊: Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Previous studies suggest links between sweet food consumption and metabolic conditions, but its role in preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear. This study combines a case‒control design with Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the potential causal relationship between sweet food intake and PE. This retrospective cohort study included 1146 pregnant women from Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital (60 with PE, 1086 controls). Dietary habits, specifically sweet food consumption (≥3 times/week), were recorded pre-delivery. Logistic regression assessed the association between sweet food intake and PE, adjusting for confounders like age, prenatal weight, blood glucose, and anemia. MR analysis used genetic variants from UK Biobank and FinnGen databases, analyzed via the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with sensitivity tests (MR-Egger, weighted median). Frequent sweet food consumption was associated with increased PE risk in the cohort study (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.46-4.44, P = 0.001) after adjustments. However, MR analysis found no causal link between sweet food intake and PE. Instead, a causal association between higher BMI and PE was identified (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.40-1.74, P = 6.51 × 10-16). While the case-control study linked frequent sweet food consumption to higher PE risk, MR analysis did not confirm causality. Elevated BMI, driven by excessive energy intake, emerged as a significant PE risk factor. Further research is needed to clarify dietary influences on PE and the interplay of diet, weight, and metabolic health in pregnancy.
3. Health and health management among motorcycle-based food delivery workers in South Korea: a qualitative interview study.
期刊: International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to qualitatively examine the daily lives of motorcycle-based food delivery workers, focusing on how they experience, perceive, and interpret their health-related issues. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine MFDWs in South Korea between July and September 2024 to explore their perceptions of health. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis revealed the following key findings: MFDWs’ challenging working conditions posed physical and emotional stressors, which contributed to negligent driving and unhealthy habits. Although they recognized traffic accidents as the most critical health risk, they exhibited a tendency toward risky driving behaviors. Unhealthy lifestyles were linked to further health deterioration. While the majority showed a passive attitude toward health management, a few adopted individual strategies to maintain their health. The findings suggest the need for policy-level attention to mitigate traffic accident risk factors among MFDWs. Larger and more diverse studies are required to confirm these findings and to provide a stronger evidence base for policy recommendations. In addition, delivery applications could be further refined to help reduce occupational risks, and the development of tailored health promotion interventions may support their health and well-being.
4. The human gut microbiome in enteric infections: from association to translation.
期刊: Gut microbes 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Enteric infections remain a leading global cause of morbidity, mortality and economic loss, increasingly compounded by the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The gut microbiome - spanning bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses - is now recognized as an important mediator that shapes susceptibility to infection, pathogen expansion and disease severity through mechanisms such as colonization resistance, resource competition and immune modulation. Conversely, the gut microbial community can facilitate enteric infection through other processes such as cross-feeding and horizontal gene transfer. In this review, we synthesize correlative and mechanistic evidence currently available on microbiome-pathogen interactions; outline host, environmental and socioeconomic modifiers that affect disease risk across the life course; and evaluate current clinical applications. We highlight key limitations in the field and identify priority areas for future research to refine causal models of microbiome-pathogen ecology and enable targeted diagnostics and therapeutics for preventing and managing enteric infections.
5. Morphological Changes and MRI Characteristics of the Achilles Tendon in Amateur Marathon Runners With Different Running Experience.
期刊: Journal of foot and ankle research 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
With the escalating popularity of marathon running, Achilles tendon injuries, particularly gradual-onset Achilles tendon injury, have become common, often causing substantial training disruptions. However, the influence of running experience on the Achilles tendon structure in amateur runners remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between running experience and asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology as well as its structural changes. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Forty-eight amateur marathon runners were categorized into four groups based on running experience (1, 3, 5, and > 5 years), with 12 healthy nonrunners as controls. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly applied. All participants underwent MRI scanning using a 3.0 T GE scanner. Two radiologists evaluated MRI scans for pathology and measured tendon length, thickness, volume, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Statistical analyses, including Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H, and chi-squared tests, were conducted using SPSS 23.0. Baseline characteristics showed no significant group differences. Qualitative analysis revealed that the prevalence of midportion tendinopathy, insertional tendinopathy, and retrocalcaneal bursitis increased significantly with longer running experience. Quantitative measurements indicated that tendon thickness, volume, and CSA were significantly greater in long-running groups compared to short-running and control groups, whereas tendon length remained unchanged. Interobserver reliability was excellent. In amateur marathon runners, running experience is associated with increased asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology and morphological remodeling. Prolonged running may induce both adaptive and degenerative changes, highlighting the importance of MRI-based monitoring for early intervention in high-risk populations.
6. How to Promote School Principals' Well-Being? The Role of Job-Related Perceptions and Behaviors.
期刊: The Journal of school health 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
The well-being of school principals and the factors that influence it is a research area that is gaining increasing attention in the literature. School principals experience high levels of work-related stress with potential negative effects for work-ability, climate, and school effectiveness. This study examined the work and health outcomes of Italian comprehensive and high school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was part of the Global Health Literacy Research Network. Two hierarchical multiple binary logistic regression models were performed with exhaustion and well-being as outcomes. School principals reported high levels of exhaustion and low levels of well-being. School principals from high schools were more likely to report exhaustion. Exhaustion was positively associated with work extensification and perceived helplessness and negatively associated with work-related sense of coherence. Well-being was positively associated with work-related sense of coherence and perceived self-efficacy and negatively associated with work extensification and perceived helplessness. These findings highlighted the importance of job-related perceptions and self-endangering behaviors for exhaustion and well-being, suggesting concrete recommendations for health-promoting interventions. The results provide an overview of the well-being of Italian school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of different dimensions.
7. Combatting Misinformation: Adolescents' Reported Need and Desire for School-Based Education About Crisis Pregnancy Centers.
期刊: The Journal of school health 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs), which advertise free reproductive health services but do not provide licensed healthcare or transparency in their practices. Despite the prevalence and harms of attending these clinics, no studies to date have characterized adolescents’ baseline understanding and desired knowledge about CPCs. We conducted 3 focus groups with a total of 14 adolescents from across Oregon to characterize baseline knowledge about CPCs as well as desired knowledge, including preferred educational activities. Pre- and post- focus group surveys characterized familiarity with CPCs. Focus group transcripts were analyzed for thematic saturation using Atlas.Ti. Adolescents reported little (n = 7, 50%) to no knowledge (n = 7, 50%) about CPCs at baseline and 100% (n = 14) reported increased knowledge by participating in the focus group. Adolescents emphasized the importance of school and health classes to set the foundation for their perception of accurate medical information. Participants reported a strong desire for more information about CPCs in school for their own self-advocacy and to foster their values clarification when seeking healthcare independently. Schools can and should include information about CPCs in adolescent health classes. Education about CPCs may be incorporated into state and national educational standards about accessing and acquiring health information and local resources. Education about CPCs in schools is desired by adolescents for self-advocacy and harm prevention.
8. Integrating Past Lessons into Improved Management of Cranberry False Blossom Disease.
期刊: Plant disease 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cranberry false blossom disease (CFBD) has posed significant threats to cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivation since its emergence in the late 19th century. This study reviews the epidemiology, historical management strategies, and recent resurgence of CFBD, with a focus on its causal phytoplasma pathogen and insect vector, the blunt-nosed leafhopper (BNLH), and the implications for disease control. Initial outbreaks in Wisconsin were characterized by floral phyllody and abnormal shoot development, and early misattribution of the disease to abiotic factors delayed effective interventions. The identification of BNLH as the primary vector catalyzed the development of integrated management strategies, including vector control through insecticides, flooding, and sanding, as well as the establishment of certification programs to restrict the spread of infected propagation material. Early cranberry breeding programs identified landraces with lower CFBD field incidence, and which were non-preferred for feeding by BNLH, leading to the first generation of improved cranberry cultivars. Despite successful suppression post-1950, CFBD has re-emerged since 2010, correlating with shifts in integrated pest management practices and the adoption of high-yielding cranberry cultivars lacking resistance screening. The resurgence underscores the need for renewed focus on vector monitoring, the development of resistant cultivars, and an understanding of phytoplasma-vector-host interactions. Contemporary management requires interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporating advances in molecular diagnostics, eco-epidemiological modeling, and breeding programs prioritizing CFBD resistance. The historical insights into CFBD control, combined with modern scientific approaches, provide a framework for mitigating current and future outbreaks, ensuring the sustainable production of cranberries in North America and beyond.
9. [Independent predictors of functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke].
期刊: Orvosi hetilap 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in adults, representing a major public health burden also in Hungary. Functional recovery is influenced by a wide range of clinical, imaging and vascular risk factors; however, the relative contribution of these predictors is still poorly understood in the Hungarian population. The aim of this study was to identify the independent predictors of a 3-month functional outcome among ischemic stroke patients treated within 24 hours of symptom onset, using hierarchical linear regression based on data from the stroke registry of the National Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience. A total of 1,062 patients were included in this retrospective cohort (mean age 71.9 ± 12.6 years, 52% female). The full model explained 20% of the variance (R² = 0.20, p<0.001). Age (β = -0.25; p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (β = -4.12; p = 0.02), chronic kidney disease (β = -5.45; p = 0.03), and multiple vascular disease (β = -3.89; p = 0.04) emerged as independent negative predictors. Among the acute clinical variables, admission NIHSS (β = -1.78; p<0.001) and ASPECTS (β = +2.34; p = 0.01) showed independent associations with favorable functional outcome, whereas intravenous thrombolysis administered within 60 minutes (β = +4.56; p = 0.02) was a positive predictor and beyond 60 minutes (β = -3.67; p = 0.04) a negative predictor; similarly, endovascular thrombectomy within 120 minutes (β = +5.23; p< 0.001) was a positive, and beyond 120 minutes (β = -4.89; p = 0.03) a negative predictor. Recanalization showed an independent positive effect (β = +0.12; p = 0.04). Our findings indicate that functional recovery is primarily determined by stroke severity, the extent of ischemic injury, and patient age, whereas metabolic and vascular comorbidities exert a moderate but statistically significant negative effect on outcome. The separated time windows for intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment underscore the importance of in-hospital treatment speed, reduce exposure misclassification, and enhance the explanatory power of the model. A key strength of the hierarchical approach is its ability to incorporate predictors in successive blocks, allowing for a more precise evaluation of the multifactorial determinants of functional recovery. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(2): 43-50. Bevezetés: Az akut ischaemiás stroke a felnőttkori rokkantság és halálozás egyik vezető oka, Magyarországon is jelentős népegészségügyi teherrel. A funkcionális felépülést számos klinikai, képalkotó és rizikófaktor befolyásolja, ugyanakkor ezek relatív súlya a hazai populációban kevéssé ismert. Módszer: Vizsgálatunk célja az volt, hogy a 24 órán belül ellátott ischaemiás stroke-os betegek körében azonosítsuk a 3 hónapos funkcionális kimenetel független előrejelző tényezőit. Ehhez hierarchikus lineáris regressziót alkalmaztunk a Transzlációs Idegtudományi Nemzeti Laboratórium stroke-regiszterének adatain. A változókat három blokkban vontuk be: demográfiai adatok; vascularis és metabolikus rizikótényezők; valamint akut klinikai és képalkotó paraméterek. Eredmények: A retrospektív kohorszba 1062 beteg került be (átlagéletkor: 71,9 ± 12,6 év, a nők aránya: 52%). A modell teljes magyarázóereje R² = 0,20 volt (p<0,001). Az életkor (β = –0,25; p<0,001), a diabetes mellitus (β = –4,12; p = 0,02), a krónikus veseelégtelenség (β = –5,45; p = 0,03) és a multiplex érbetegség (β = –3,89; p = 0,04) független, negatív prediktornak bizonyult. Az akut klinikai változók közül a felvételi NIHSS (β = –1,78; p<0,001) és az ASPECTS (β = +2,34; p = 0,01) mutatott önálló kapcsolatot a kedvező kimenetellel, míg az intravénás thrombolysis <60 perc (β = +4,56; p = 0,02) pozitív, >60 perc (β = –3,67; p = 0,04) negatív; a mechanikus thrombectomia <120 perc (β = +5,23; p<0,001) pozitív, >120 perc (β = –4,89; p = 0,03) negatív prediktor volt. A rekanalizáció pozitív hatást mutatott (β = +0,12; p = 0,04). Következtetés: Eredményeink szerint a funkcionális felépülést elsősorban a stroke súlyossága, az ischaemiás károsodás kiterjedése és az életkor határozza meg, míg a metabolikus és vascularis komorbiditások mérsékelten, de szignifikánsan rontják a kimenetelt. A szétválasztott időablakok (intravénás thrombolysis és mechanikus thrombectomia külön) hangsúlyozzák a kórházon belüli gyorsaság fontosságát, csökkentve a torzítást, és növelik a modell magyarázóerejét. A hierarchikus modell előnye, hogy lehetővé teszi a prediktorok blokkos bevonását, így pontosabban értékelhető a funkcionális felépülés többtényezős háttere. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(2): 43–50.
10. [Evaluation of nutritional ability and nutritional condition in patients with esophageal cancer].
期刊: Orvosi hetilap 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Esophageal cancer is an extremely malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of just over 20%. The 7% survival measured in Hungary is notably low on a global scale, mainly due to the late detection of tumors and consequently delayed initiation of oncological treatment. Our aim was to obtain a more precise understanding of the general and nutritional status, as well as the nutritional capacity and their impact on survival of Hungarian patients at diagnosis by reviewing the patient population treated at our clinic. A retrospective data analysis was performed on 183 patients treated at the Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology at Semmelweis University between 2006 and 2021. Our study demonstrated a strong correlation between the degree of dysphagia (p = 0.001) and the duration of symptomatic weeks (p = 0.001) with the extent of weight loss. Furthermore, the degree of weight loss and the rate of dysphagia progression significantly influenced overall survival. Patients with weight loss exceeding 10 kg had less than half the overall survival compared to those with less than 10 kg weight loss (1347 vs. 560 days, p = 0.01). Rapid progression corresponded to an average survival of 413 days, whereas patients with slow worsening swallowing difficulties survived for an average of 1138 days (p = 0.006). Among patients with adenocarcinoma, weight loss was more pronounced (p = 0.05), although this did not translate into a significant survival difference. Compared to international data, our findings suggest a considerably worse condition of Hungarian patients, implying a multifactorial problem. Improving disease survival requires addressing numerous challenges from public health through primary care to specialized treatment centers. Increasing patient awareness, early identification and evaluation of those presenting with swallowing difficulties, early detection of nutritional risk, and immediate appropriate intervention are of fundamental importance. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(2): 58-64. Bevezetés: A nyelőcsőtumor az alig több mint 20%-os 5 éves túlélésével rendkívül rosszindulatú betegség. A Magyarországon mért 7%-os túlélés világszinten is kiemelkedően kismértékű, ennek hátterében leginkább a tumor késői felfedezése és az emiatt túl későn megkezdett onkológiai kezelés állhat. Célkitűzés: Célkitűzésünk volt, hogy klinikánk beteganyagának áttekintésével pontosabb képet kapjunk a magyar betegeknek a diagnózis felállításakor tapasztalt általános és tápláltsági állapotáról, táplálkozási képességéről, valamint ezek túlélésre gyakorolt hatásáról. Módszer: A Semmelweis Egyetem Sebészeti, Transzplantációs és Gasztroenterológiai Klinikáján a 2006 és 2021 közötti időszakban kezelt 183 beteg retrospektív adatelemzését végeztük. Eredmények: Vizsgálatunk során megállapítható volt, hogy a dysphagia foka (p = 0,001) és a panaszos hetek száma (p = 0,001) szoros összefüggést mutatott a fogyás mértékével, valamint a fogyás mértéke és a dysphagiaprogresszió sebessége jelentős hatással volt a teljes túlélésre. A 10 kg-ot meghaladó fogyás mellett a betegek teljes túlélése kevesebb mint 50% volt a 10 kg-ot el nem érő fogyással szemben (1347 vs. 560 nap, p = 0,01). Gyors progresszió mellett a betegek átlagosan 413 napot, míg a lassan romló nyelési nehezítettséget mutató páciensek átlagosan 1138 napot éltek (p = 0,006). A mirigyhám-eredetű daganatos betegek között nagyobb volt a fogyás mértéke (p = 0,05), de ez túlélési különbségben nem mutatkozott meg. Megbeszélés: Eredményeink a nemzetközi adatokkal összehasonlítva a magyar betegekről lényegesen súlyosabb képet mutatnak, aminek oka többszintű problémát feltételez. Következtetés: A betegség túlélésének javításához a népegészségügytől az alapellátáson át a végső ellátóhelyig számos probléma megoldására van szükség. Alapvető jelentőségű a betegek tájékozottságának növelése, a nyelési panaszokkal jelentkezők korai kiemelése, kivizsgálása, a táplálkozási rizikó korai észlelése és azonnali adekvát kezelése. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(2): 58–64.
11. Malaria-GENOMAP: A web-based tool for exploring genomic variation of malaria parasites.
期刊: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, imposes a significant public health burden. While Plasmodium falciparum remains the primary target of elimination strategies due to its high mortality rate, lesser-known species such as P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. knowlesi continue to contribute to substantial human morbidity. Genomic approaches, including whole-genome sequencing, offer powerful tools for understanding the biology, transmission, and emerging drug resistance of these neglected Plasmodium species. However, there is an urgent need for informatic tools to summarise and visualise the high-dimensional and complex genomic data generated. We developed Malaria-GENOMAP, a user-friendly web-based tool, which integrates genomic variant data, such as allele frequencies, with geographical maps and chromosome-wide to gene views for in-depth exploration. The tool includes variation from P. knowlesi (n = 139), P. malariae (n = 158), P. ovale curtisi (n = 36), P. ovale wallikeri (n = 47), P. simium (n = 38), and P. vivax (n = 1,359). It enables the investigation of population structure, geographic associations of mutations, and putative drug resistance markers, offering valuable insights for malaria control efforts. Malaria-GENOMAP is available online at https://genomics.lshtm.ac.uk/malaria-genomaps/#/. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
12. Return on Returns: Building Scientific Capacity in AIDS Endemic Countries.
期刊: Health economics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
We examine public funding for health research through the United States National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center’s AIDS International Training and Research Program, which sought to strengthen scientific capacity in AIDS-endemic countries by providing African researchers with training opportunities in the U.S. We use a difference-in-differences framework with information on scientists who participated in the program and the research activities of African scientists working at their home institutions in adjacent topics of neglected tropical diseases. Relative to comparable scientists, those at institutions with returning trainees subsequently publish more on HIV-related topics, receive more grant funding, engage in more clinical trials, and their work contributes to a greater number of policy documents. These patterns suggest that following the Fogarty program, research, innovation, and health policy related to the AIDS epidemic in African countries became more active.
13. Sex disparities in tuberculosis outcomes: evidence from a multicenter Italian cohort (Italian South TB Network (ISTB-Net).
期刊: Infection 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sex disparities in tuberculosis (TB) outcomes are not well characterized, especially in high-income countries where social vulnerability and migration influence access to care. Although men globally experience a higher TB burden, the interaction between sex, migration, and social determinants is complex and extends beyond biological factors. This study evaluated sex differences in clinical and programmatic TB outcomes in a high-income European country with a significant substantial migrant population. A retrospective multicentre cohort study was conducted across 16 Infectious Diseases Units in seven Italian regions from (January 2021 to September 2025). Outcomes included time to sputum conversion (in pulmonary TB), length of hospital stay (LOS), adverse events (AEs) and their severity, incomplete treatment (defined as failure, death, or loss to follow-up), and loss to follow-up (LTFU). Mixed-effects models were applied using two prespecified adjustment sets: sex, centre, and core confounders (Model A); and sex, centre, and clinically relevant baseline imbalances (Model B). Sub-analyses examined the impact of migration status. Of 982 TB patients, 229 (23.3%) were women and 753 (76.7%) were men. Women exhibited lower rates of smoking (24.4% vs 36.7%), diabetes (7.9% vs 15.8%), and COPD/bronchiectasis (4.5% vs 10.3%). The median sputum conversion time was 21 days for both sexes. Adjusted analysesindicated shorter LOS among women (Model A: - 22% [95%CI - 32 to - 10]; Model B: - 19% [95%CI - 28 to - 9]). Time to sputum conversion was slightly shorter in women in Model A (- 13%; 95%CI -23% to -1%) but not in Model B (- 9%; 95%CI -17% to 1%). The risk and severity of AEs were similar between sexes. In Model B, women had lower odds of incomplete treatment (OR 0.64 [95%CI 0.41 to 0.99]) and LTFU (OR 0.62 [95%CI 0.38 to 0.99]). Migrants experienced worse overall outcomes, but the effect of sex did not differ by migration status. Women had consistently shorter hospital stays and greater treatment continuity without increased toxicity, indicating that sex differences in TB outcomes are likely attributable to social and behavioural factors rather than biological differences. Supportive associative networks and non-governmental organisations may help reduce sex disparities, underscoring the importance of sex- and migration-responsive TB care models in Europe.
14. Oroxylin A Suppresses Pathological Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Neointima Formation Through Hindering TSC2/mTORC1/HIF-1-Dependent Glycolysis.
期刊: Phytotherapy research : PTR 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neointima formation, characterized by similarities to tumor-like growth, plays a pivotal role in the progression of vascular occlusive diseases. Oroxylin A (OroA), a bioactive flavonoid from Scutellaria roots, shows protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. This study explores whether OroA inhibits neointima formation caused by vascular injury and investigates the mechanisms involved. Models of carotid artery ligation and guide wire-induced injury were used to study vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching and neointima formation. Glycolytic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were evaluated using extracellular acidification rates and oxygen consumption rates, respectively. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were utilized to measure the expression of contractile and proliferative markers, glycolytic enzymes, and intracellular signaling pathways. For rescue experiments, an adenovirus encapsulated in pluronic gel was used to overexpress HIF-1α in injured vascular tissue. OroA effectively inhibited VSMC phenotypic switching and neointima formation by suppressing vascular injury-induced glycolytic reprogramming. Mechanistically, the vascular injury-induced upregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling increases the aerobic glycolysis of VSMCs. OroA attenuated mTORC1-HIF-1α signaling-mediated aerobic glycolysis by preventing the phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) at serine 939. Notably, the overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the inhibitory effects of OroA on VSMC phenotypic switching and neointima formation. This study suggests that OroA mitigates neointima formation by inhibiting the TSC2/mTORC1/HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for vascular occlusive diseases.
15. Phage-cocktail-based biocontrol of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae both in vitro and in vivo.
期刊: Archives of virology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae requires alternative therapies. In this study, we characterized two novel phages, PKP K9 (a siphovirus) and PKP Kh11 (a myovirus). Both showed genomic safety and exhibited excellent reproduction and physicochemical tolerance. A cocktail containing both phages had a broad combined host range (85.7%, 72/84) and showed potent in vitro activity with distinct dose-dependent inhibition modes. In a Galleria mellonella infection model, each phage individually and the two combined provided complete prophylactic and therapeutic protection against lethal challenge. The PKP K9/PKP Kh11 cocktail demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
16. Pathological mechanisms and treatment strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: insights from single-cell sequencing.
期刊: Basic research in cardiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly advanced cancer treatment, but they can lead to immune-related adverse events. Among these, immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (ICI-M) represents a rare yet severe cardiotoxicity. The underlying pathogenesis of ICI-M is not fully elucidated, necessitating deeper mechanistic investigation. Traditional bulk sequencing technology measures average gene expression across entire cell populations, which affects the interpretation of gene function in complex tissues. In contrast, single-cell sequencing technology represents a transformative advancement by enabling multi-omics analysis at single-cell resolution. This cutting-edge approach offers key insights into disease mechanisms by accurately identifying the composition changes and gene expression characteristics of specific cell populations in ICI-M. This review summarizes recent advances in single-cell sequencing applications in ICI-M research and highlights its role in elucidating pathogenesis. Building on these mechanistic insights, the review further discusses emerging targeted strategies that aim to mitigate cardiac inflammation without compromising antitumor immunity, offering a promising framework for precision intervention in ICI-M.
17. Occurrence of trace elements and their impact on human health around waste dumping sites.
期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study investigated the pollution level and assessed potential human health risk of trace elements in soil from Apo Mechanic Village, Gudu Market, and Goza Municipal dumpsite in Abuja, Nigeria where primitive recycling and recovery of valuable materials, open burning, dismantling, and dumping of wastes are being carried out. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from the three study sites and samples from their corresponding control sites, and analyzed for Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr. The result showed that the element concentrations at the three study sites were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than their respective control sites, indicating the influence of waste recycling, dismantling, burning, and dumping activities at the sites. The average pollution load index (PLI) at the sites ranged from 5.80 to 37.09 indicating that the sites are highly polluted, with Cd and Pb being the highest contributors. Human health risk assessment revealed that there is a potential non-carcinogenic risk of Pb in adults and children through ingestion across the three study sites, and Pb in adults via dermal contact across the sites. There is also a non-carcinogenic risk of Cd and Ni through ingestion in children at the Apo site. Extremely high carcinogenic risk of Cr was found for both adults and children at all the three study sites, and carcinogenic risk of Cd in children at Apo and Goza sites and Pb in children at Goza site. This calls for an urgent need to enforce environmental regulations and prevention and monitoring of the crude and primitive waste dumping, dismantling, and burning activities at these sites as the investigated elements, particularly Pb, Cd, and Cr posed non-cancer and cancer health risks to workers and nearby residents.
18. Exploring standing genetic variation for barley leaf rust resistance in Australian breeding panel.
期刊: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
A genotype-by-environment interaction analysis and haplotype mapping approach identifies novel haplo-blocks that can be combined with Rph20 for enhanced resistance against barley leaf rust. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production worldwide is threatened by different rust diseases, particularly barley leaf rust (BLR) caused by fungus Puccinia hordei. Yet, very limited works have explored BLR resistance mechanism across multiple environments. This study explored genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) in a BLR disease screening dataset collected over multiple years using a multi-environment trial (MET) analysis followed by iClass method. A haplotype-based approach, using local genomic estimated breeding values (LGEBVs), identified five environmentally stable genomic regions (haplo-blocks: 2HS-b000305, 5HS-b001038, 5HS-b001039, 5HS-b001040 and 5HL-b001125) associated with BLR resistance at adult plant stage. While haplo-block co-locating popular adult plant resistance (APR) gene Rph20 was validated as a key genomic region to drive stability in resistance across multiple environments, other haplo-blocks with high-effect haplotypes were also reported as prospective novel sources of stability. Notably, environmentally specific haplo-blocks offered insights into GEI-driven resistance mechanisms. The study also highlighted the potential of haplo-block stacking to improve adult plant resistance as genotypes with multiple favorable haplotypes demonstrated a linear relationship with enhanced BLR resistance. These findings hold practical implications for barley breeders, paving the way for more resilient cultivars and advancing breeding methodologies for complex traits like disease resistance.
19. Urinary cotinine cut-offs for tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and associations with child intelligence quotient: A multi-cohort analysis.
期刊: International journal of hygiene and environmental health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke may impair neurodevelopment in children. However, accurately characterizing this exposure remains challenging. We pursued two objectives in this large population study. First, in 1708 pregnant women from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, we constructed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine urinary cotinine cut-offs to classify firsthand (FHS), environmental (ETS), and no exposure, and further distinguished secondhand (SHS) from thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure within ETS. Second, among 1593 participants in three pregnancy cohorts nested in ECHO, we fit multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between the newly defined smoke exposures and child full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 4-6 years, and to assess potential effect modification by maternal education or neighborhood deprivation. Optimal cotinine cut-offs were 17.74 ng/mL and 0.44 ng/mL to discriminate FHS and no exposure, respectively. Among the ETS group, a cut-off of 5.69 ng/mL differentiated SHS from THS. Applying these optimal cut-offs, we estimated a 0.93-point (95 %CI: 3.44, 1.59) and a 1.03-point (95 %CI: 2.84, 0.79) lower child IQ in the FHS and ETS categories, respectively, compared to no exposure. The inverse association between prenatal ETS and child IQ was mainly driven by SHS. Stronger associations were suggested in subgroups with higher education attainment or those living in less deprived neighborhoods. This study provides a novel classification of prenatal tobacco smoke exposures. Although the associations with child IQ were statistically insignificant, the study carries important implications for future research on developmental origins of diseases.
20. Environmental and socio-ecological performance of greening at household and street level.
期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Household- and street-level greening is a key strategy for enhancing urban resilience to climate change, yet gaps persist in understanding their environmental and socio-ecological performance. To address this gap, this study aims to identify the most common household and street-scale green infrastructure (GI) types in the UK, develop a structured scoring framework for evaluating their environmental and socio-ecological performance, and determine which configurations deliver the greatest multifunctional benefits. We surveyed 112 cities and towns in England and Wales, documenting a total of over 900 sites across front gardens, back gardens, and streets. Common types of greenery included grass, hedges, container plants, street trees, and low shrubs. A five-level scoring framework was developed to assess these configurations’ environmental and socio-ecological performance across five impact dimensions: air quality, cooling, flood mitigation, biodiversity, and health and wellbeing. The framework was informed by 991 peer-reviewed studies (2015-2025), expert judgement, and remote visual assessments. The results reveal a clear performance gap between single-element and multi-element configurations. At the household level, combinations of hedges, grass, and trees scored highest in pollutant reduction, cooling, and surface water management. Adding container plants or vertical green screens further improved biodiversity and wellbeing, especially in front gardens. At the street level, the highest scores were associated with configurations that included street trees, roadside grass, hedges, and shrubs. Pocket gardens further enhanced socio-ecological performance through vegetation diversity and vertical layering. These findings underscore the role of plant diversity and spatial composition in maximising the multifunctional benefits of household and street-scale greenery and emphasise that collectively these provide the most benefit when planned as a multifunctional network of GI. The study offers a replicable, evidence-based reference to support DIY and community greening and supports equity and resilience in UK residential areas.
21. Microbial Lossen rearrangement: Promise and pitfalls in plastic bioremediation.
期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Since plastic pollution poses a persistent global environmental and public health challenge, a recent groundbreaking study has repurposed a classical organic chemistry reaction, the Lossen rearrangement, to be biocompatible within live engineered Escherichia coli for valorizing plastic waste. The exciting innovation biosynthesized a pharmaceutical compound, paracetamol (para-hydroxyacetanilide), within bacteria by utilizing a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste-derived substrate (PET-1) for the Lossen rearrangement. However, despite advances in synthetic biology, its deployment for plastic bioremediation is currently feasible only in controlled systems, while its application in natural environments remains uncertain, likely due to several technical, ecological, and regulatory constraints. In addition to prioritizing its industrial-scale applications, this perspective provides prospective insights into environmental applications.
22. The Effect of Retirement on Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from European Countries.
期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Retirement marks a pivotal life stage for many individuals. As older adults transition into retirement, changes in lifestyle, income, and social networks can significantly influence their health and well-being. This study investigates the short-, medium-, and longer-term relationship between retirement and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions among older adults. Using individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we employed a Fixed Effects Instrumental Variable (FE-IV) approach to estimate the impact of retirement on CVD and to further explore the underlying mechanisms and potential heterogeneity in these effects. Our findings suggest that within two years of retirement, there is an increase in the probability of having a heart attack, but retirement does not exert a significant impact on heart attacks in the medium- and longer-term. We found no evidence that changes in metabolic or behavioral risk factors account for this short-term increase in cardiovascular risk. Although retirement is associated with a decline in mental health, our results show that this pathway explains only a very small proportion of the observed effect on heart attacks. The rise in CVD incidence underscores the importance of monitoring individuals during the transition out of the labor force, particularly among groups that appear more vulnerable, such as women, individuals with lower levels of education and blue-collar workers. These findings also emphasize the need to reconsider the mechanisms through which retirement influences health.
23. Financial challenges in Iran's healthcare system arising from migrant populations: evidence from two hospitals in Yazd Province.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Municipal deprivation and cardiometabolic outcomes in Mexican adults: findings from ENSANUT 2021-2023.
期刊: International journal for equity in health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
25. Experiencing acute genomic care: perspectives from parents in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care units towards rapid genomic sequencing.
期刊: European journal of human genetics : EJHG 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Rapid genomic sequencing (rGS) is increasingly used in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units (ICUs) to inform diagnosis and guide management of critically ill infants and children. Although rGS has a high diagnostic yield and potential to influence treatment and care planning decisions, little is known about how families experience rGS in the ICU and the emotional and contextual factors influencing their testing-related decisions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-three parents of infants who consented to rGS in an ICU at two tertiary hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; all interviews took place in close proximity to the decision to pursue rGS. Parents’ experiences with rGS and the related genetics consultation demonstrated a complex interplay of emotional, pragmatic, relational, and temporal ‘sense-making’ to grasp what was happening. Overall, parents felt overwhelmed in the ICU. Some de-prioritized genetic testing compared to other aspects of care while others reflected negatively or ambivalently on rGS or felt that it was implicitly expected that they pursue it. We conclude that an rGS approach tailored to the ICU setting is needed. Consideration should be given to distributing complex decisions (such as those relating to primary vs. secondary findings) across multiple briefer visits, and alleviating decisional burden by reframing rGS as one of the many shared decisions made with families in this setting.
26. Predictors and latent class associations with lung cancer screening intentions.
期刊: BMC primary care 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Less than one in five eligible adults has received lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose computed tomography in the U.S. We aimed to determine factors associated with intentions to undergo LCS. Cross-sectional survey of LCS-eligible English and Spanish speaking adults in two primary care systems in Massachusetts and Oklahoma from 02/2023-05/2024. Surveys assessed smoking, lung cancer and LCS history, attitudes, beliefs, and psychological factors. Associations between these factors and screening intentions were assessed with multivariable logistic regression using bootstrap sampling to select model variables, and latent class analysis plus chi-square tests to measure associations between classes and intentions. Of 292 LCS eligible survey respondents, most were currently smoking (n = 174, 59.6%), some had previously undergone LCS (n = 115, 39.5%), and 29.5% (n = 86) were ‘extremely likely’ to screen in the next 12 months. In regression models, having a healthcare provider recommend LCS (odds ratio [OR]: 4.22, 95% confidence interval (CL) 2.40-7.44), being ‘somewhat’ or ‘extremely worried’ about getting lung cancer (OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.40-4.32), and speaking English at home (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.74-7.17) were associated with intention to screen. Four latent classes emerged that varied by age, race, ethnicity, smoking status, screening self-efficacy, perceived risks, and cancer worry. Classes were significantly associated with screening intentions (p < .0001). Factors associated with LCS intentions highlight opportunities to expand screening. Attending to content for Hispanic adults, increasing discussions of LCS by health care providers, and tailoring communications to incorporate cancer worry could increase use of this life-saving intervention.
27. Effectiveness of music therapy combining life review and songwriting in patients with terminal cancer: a pilot study based on a mixed methods investigation.
期刊: BMC palliative care 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
28. Impact of overweight and obesity on gastric and colorectal cancer incidence in the older adults: a nationwide cohort study.
期刊: BMC geriatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
29. Epidemiology of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in Japan: analysis of a large-scale claims database.
期刊: BMC infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
30. Soil loss, firm performance, and financing structure: An empirical investigation of Italian agricultural firms.
期刊: Journal of environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Regulators, companies, and financial players are increasingly focusing on adverse climate events and environmental risks. Using a novel integration of high-resolution geospatial and firm-level financial data, this study provides the first empirical evidence on how rainfall-induced soil loss affects the financial performance and capital structure of Italian agricultural firms. We find that unsustainable soil erosion is associated with significantly lower profitability, manifesting as a decrease of 1.20% in Return on Assets (ROA) and 2.10% in Return on Equity (ROE). Unsustainable levels of soil loss also impair the ability to access external financing, as firms located in these areas exhibit lower levels of external bank financing (-2.00%) and (-3.30%) supplier short-term debt and rely more on equity financing (+4.80%). We also find partial support for the view that unsustainable soil loss impairs a firm’s credit risk profile, evidenced by a negative relationship with the interest coverage ratio (-4.69). This research is highly relevant to international studies because it offers a concrete financial framework for understanding the economic consequences of environmental degradation. By providing quantifiable data linking soil loss to a firm’s financial health, this study can inform policymakers and regulators globally of the hidden risks in agricultural supply chains. The methodology and insights can be applied to other countries facing similar challenges, providing a basis for considering how sustainable land management practices can contribute to mitigating systemic risks and fostering greater resilience in the agricultural sector.
31. A graph-based machine learning framework for river water quality management under data limitations.
期刊: Journal of environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Accurate prediction of riverine water quality is often hindered by sparse sampling and limited streamflow data, a common outcome of resource-constrained watershed monitoring. To address this, we propose a three-module machine-learning framework-prediction (graph neural networks or recurrent networks), interpretation (explainable AI), and management (counterfactual analysis)-and apply it to chromaticity prediction in the Hantan River Basin, Republic of Korea. The dataset includes 1667 monthly observations from 59 monitoring sites (December 2021-October 2024) covering 37 hydro-environmental variables. Performance was assessed using independent training, validation, and test sets. Graph-based models outperformed the recurrent baseline, with the enhanced Graph Sample-and-Aggregate model achieving a test R2 of 0.82, demonstrating that representing pollution-source characteristics and transport pathways improves prediction. Interpretability analyses revealed management-relevant insights: PGExplainer highlighted strong upstream influences from the SC sub-watershed, identifying it as the primary intervention region. Feature attribution distinguished long-term influences (e.g., TOC near major WWTPs) from short-term episodic drivers associated with facility-specific effluent spikes. Counterfactual analyses quantified the reductions in effluent chromaticity and proximal indicators required to achieve downstream targets at site HT Y4. Counterfactual success rates-defined as the proportion of model-generated cases meeting the target-were 26 % and 40 % for chromaticity targets of 14 and 15 color units (CU), respectively. Given these outcomes and considering that 14-15 CU is generally acceptable for basin-scale management, a downstream target of 14-15 CU was proposed as feasible and practical. Overall, the framework serves as a cost-effective and interpretable decision-support tool for watershed management under data-limited monitoring conditions.
32. Initiating environmental microplastics analysis: A review and planning guide with practical insights from laboratory implementation.
期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Recent research indicating that microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous and may have harmful environmental and human health effects has led to widespread interest in MP monitoring. While a plethora of MP methods are available and in development, challenges remain, and little comprehensive advice is available to inform interested laboratories about planning, initial setup, time investment, capital and operating costs, and logistics. Grounded in current literature and informed by the authors’ experience initiating environmental MP analysis, this review provides comprehensive, practical guidance that can assist other laboratories in planning and decision-making for initiating MP analysis. This work focuses on commonly used nondestructive methods, including physical isolation, quantification, and characterization, though alternative methods are also presented. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC), including contamination reduction, is addressed as the primary challenge to robust analysis. An iterative planning diagram that works backwards from characterization method to sampling plan is provided. Time, costs, and logistics are also discussed. This review provides valuable information to utility, commercial, and research laboratories as they plan to undertake MP analysis. Although not intended to be the best fit for every laboratory, the authors’ methods are referred to throughout to serve as a concrete example, and the developed standard operating procedures (SOPs) are also provided in Supplementary Material.
33. Do Variations in State Consultation Programs Affect Construction Fatality Rates?
期刊: American journal of industrial medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Along with its enforcement program, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a voluntary consultation program that responds to requests from firms to identify hazards at their workplaces. We studied the effects of this program on fatal work injuries in the construction industry. We first examined differences across states in their consultation programs using data from 2016 through 2022, during which time 47,418 consultation visits were conducted in construction. These included differences in frequency of consultation visits at construction firms, the average number of hazards identified per visit, and the scope of those visits. We then used regression analysis to identify the connection between those characteristics and the state’s construction fatality rate. We distinguished between the 21 State Plan states which ran their own OSHA enforcement programs and the 29 states where Federal OSHA did the enforcement. State Plan states generally had higher rates of consultation visits that covered more of the worksite and identified higher rates of serious hazards per 1000 workers than Federal states. In regression analyses, State Plan consultation rates were negatively and significantly related to their construction fatality rates. Interactions of consultation rates and average visit hazards or visit scope showed a significant negative relationship with construction fatality rates. The relationship for Federal states was similar though not always significant. More frequent consultation visits to a state’s construction firms and more hazards identified or greater visit scope were associated with lower construction fatality rates.
34. Associations of Lifetime Cumulative Estrogen Exposure with Lifecourse Social Exposures, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia Risk Among Postmenopausal White, Black, and Latina Women.
期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Greater lifetime exposure to estrogen may protect women from cognitive decline and dementia later in life. Gender-related social factors also influence women’s cognitive outcomes; however, little is known about how these biological and social influences work together. We examined the extent to which cumulative estrogen exposure and lifecourse social exposures jointly influence late-life memory trajectories and dementia risk among a community-based sample of White, Black, and Latina women. Participants were 3,688 postmenopausal women in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure was estimated based on age at menarche and menopause, breastfeeding duration, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Lifecourse social factors included birth cohort, childhood SES, educational and occupational attainment, and later-life income. Multiple-group growth models and Cox regression models were estimated across racial and ethnic groups. Greater lifetime estrogen exposure was independently associated with higher baseline memory performance among Black and Latinx women, slower memory decline among White women, and lower dementia risk among Latinx women. Later birth year and higher lifecourse SES were associated with greater lifetime estrogen exposure, with associations varying in magnitude across racial and ethnic groups. Associations between lifecourse SES and each cognitive outcome were partially mediated by estrogen exposure indicators. Cumulative estrogen exposure is socially patterned. We found that lifecourse social factors and estrogen exposure synergistically contribute to women’s late-life cognitive health outcomes. Understanding how sex-linked biology and gender-related social forces intertwine is essential for developing interventions to decrease dementia risk among women.
35. Prevalence and associated risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among Building construction workers in Shire Endaslassiae town, Northern Ethiopia.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
36. Genetically predicted susceptibility to dust-induced lung diseases and risk of autoimmune diseases: a two sample Mendelian randomization study.
期刊: Journal of neuroinflammation 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
37. Astaxanthin improves myogenicity of aged skeletal muscle progenitor cells in a sexually dimorphic manner.
期刊: npj aging 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Age-related declines in skeletal muscle health are a major contributor to reduced mobility and development of sarcopenia in the elderly, yet effective interventions to prevent or reverse these declines are not fully optimized. Nutritional strategies to support muscle health in aging populations may be beneficial for improving muscle strength and function. In this study, we explored the effects of astaxanthin (AX), a naturally occurring antioxidant, on aged human muscle progenitor cells (hMPCs). Our findings reveal that AX enhanced proliferation and myogenic commitment of aged hMPCs, with a more pronounced effect in male hMPCs compared to female hMPCs. This dimorphism may be linked to differences in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and effects on mitochondrial function. Other hallmarks of aging including DNA damage and cellular senescence showed differing effects of AX treatment. However, NRF2 and SIRT3 increased with AX treatment in both male and female hMPCs. This was accompanied by increased SIRT3 mitochondrial expression in males but not females, suggesting the NRF2-SIRT3 axis as a key driver of myogenicity and potential source of sexual dimorphism in response to AX. These results suggest sex-specific effects of AX in modulating aged hMPC behavior and pose a potential therapeutic strategy for combating age-related muscle decline.
38. Acceptance and use of digital health technologies among physiotherapists in Germany: a web-based cross-sectional survey.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
39. Surfactant protein A deficiency aggravates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting intrinsic apoptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells.
期刊: Respiratory research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Silicosis is an incurable occupational lung disease characterized by progressive fibrosis and respiratory failure, imposing a significant global health burden. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis, yet its mechanistic role in silicosis remains unclear. SP-A expression was assessed in lung tissues from patients with silicosis and in silica-exposed mice. Sftpa1 gene knockout (Sftpa1-/-) mice were generated to evaluate the functional role of SP-A in vivo, including lung pathology, collagen deposition, and pulmonary function. RNA sequencing was performed to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms. A549 cells with SP-A silenced by siRNA were employed for in vitro experiments. SP-A levels were notably reduced in the lung tissue of silicosis patients and in experimental silicosis mice, correlating inversely with disease severity. Sftpa1⁻/⁻ mice showed markedly exacerbated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, extracellular matrix deposition, and functional decline. RNA-seq analysis highlighted activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathways related to pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, SP-A deficiency disrupted the balance of Bcl-2 and Bax, activated Caspase-3, and promoted epithelial apoptosis. Inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway mitigated the pro-apoptotic effects of SP-A silencing. These findings demonstrate that SP-A deficiency exacerbates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting epithelial apoptosis involving the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase pathway, highlighting the role of SP-A in fibrogenesis progression and providing a basis for its potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
40. Trends in the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adolescents: analysis of German health insurance data from 2013 to 2022.
期刊: European journal of public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cannabis use can have detrimental effects on adolescents’ mental health, often co-occurring with child and adolescent psychiatric disorders (CAPD). This study assessed diagnostic prevalence trends in cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring diagnosed CAPD in adolescents receiving outpatient treatment in Germany. Outpatient claims data from the national public health insurance system, covering almost 4 million children and adolescents, were assessed for diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders (ICD-10 diagnoses F12.X) in insurees aged 12 to 17 years for the years 2013-22, stratified by age group and sex. In addition, the diagnostic prevalence of co-occurring CAPD during the year 2022 was evaluated. From 2013 to 2022, the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders among German adolescents utilizing outpatient services increased from 0.08% to 0.10% (+22.4%), with a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and a higher diagnostic prevalence in older adolescents. Up to 14 years of age, the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders was distributed evenly among males and females, while from age 15 onwards, the diagnostic prevalence was higher in males. Overall, 78.3% of adolescents diagnosed with cannabis-related disorders had at least one co-occurring CAPD diagnosis in 2022. Most common co-occurring conditions were depressive disorders, conduct disorders, adjustment disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and anxiety disorders. Co-occurring depression was particularly often diagnosed, underscoring the urgent need for integrated treatment approaches addressing both disorders simultaneously in this age group.
41. Organic component heterogeneity modulates the suppressive efficacy of vegetable waste composts against soilborne Fusarium oxysporum.
期刊: Journal of environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Jan-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Soil-borne diseases remain a critical barrier to sustainable agriculture, and compost application offers a promising strategy for biocontrol. Yet, the role of compost feedstock composition in regulating microbial succession, organic matter transformation, and disease suppression has been insufficiently explored. In this study, composting systems with varying initial cellulose levels were established to disentangle the contributions of microbial activity and organic matter composition. High-cellulose treatment (T3) enriched beneficial taxa such as Bacillus and Actinobacteria, significantly enhanced amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, and achieved higher pathogen inhibition rates (PIR). Pot experiments confirmed that T3 reduced the cucumber Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) disease severity index (DSI) from 3.0 in the pathogen-inoculated control (CK-FOC) to 1.1, while increasing shoot fresh weight to 12.59 ± 0.46 g·plant-1 compared with 5.26 ± 1.01 g·plant-1 in CK-FOC. Importantly, sterilized composts retained partial suppressive effects, demonstrating that functional organic matter itself possesses independent biocontrol potential in addition to microbiota-mediated suppression. Overall, this study demonstrates that optimizing compost feedstock composition can simultaneously enhance agricultural waste valorization and disease suppression efficacy, providing a sustainable strategy to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides while improving soil health and crop productivity.
42. Thermal stress precludes the multigenerational build-up of carbamate tolerance in Daphnia magna by offsetting increased antioxidant defenses.
期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2026-Jan-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ongoing climate change and chemical pollution are major stressors that threaten the stability and biodiversity of ecosystems and long-term environmental health worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the acquisition of chemical tolerance by Daphnia magna under thermal stress and used RNA sequencing to determine the genes associated with chemically tolerant clones. D. magna was continuously exposed to sublethal concentrations of the carbamate pirimicarb at two temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C) over 15 generations. Consequently, the 48 h median effective concentration in the pirimicarb-exposed group was twofold higher than that in the control group at 20 °C, whereas the values were not different between the groups at 25 °C. Therefore, pirimicarb tolerance acquisition under continuous exposure to the carbamate was inhibited by the higher temperature. Additionally, the intrinsic growth rate of the continuous exposure group was significantly lower when exposed to pirimicarb than that of the control group at 25 °C, whereas no growth difference was observed between the groups at 20 °C. In line with this, only in the pirimicarb-tolerant Daphnia at 20 °C the mRNA levels of oxidative stress-related genes (including cytochrome P450 and peroxidase) and acetylcholinesterase were significantly upregulated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis validated the results, revealing that peroxidase may be an essential factor for pirimicarb tolerance. Furthermore, the carapace of D. magna was thicker in the pirimicarb-exposed groups than in the controls at both temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of temperature for the buildup of tolerance to pesticides under multigenerational exposure of Cladocerans.
43. Letter to editor: Response to 'psychological resilience as a mediator between depression and health-related quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients'.
期刊: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 发表日期: 2026-Jan-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
44. Piezoelectric printing-based droplet digital PCR for noninvasive and sensitive detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool samples.
期刊: Talanta 发表日期: 2026-Jan-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), classified by the WHO as a Group I carcinogen, is a major contributor to progressive gastric diseases, and its growing resistance to antibiotics has severely undermined first-line eradication therapies. Conventional stool-based diagnostics face three key limitations: limited ability to detect resistant strains, labor-intensive culture workflows, and insufficient sensitivity in inhibitor-rich matrices. These shortcomings underscore the urgent need for a noninvasive, highly sensitive, and inhibitor-tolerant platform that enables simultaneous pathogen detection and resistance assessment. To address this unmet need, we developed a piezoelectric printing-driven ddPCR platform. By optimizing piezoelectric parameters and oil-phase surfactant formulations, we achieved uniform and stable droplet generation, producing a high-density microarray of ∼30,000 droplets in 3 min. The droplets exhibited excellent thermal stability, enabling robust digital PCR amplification. Using stool samples, the platform simultaneously detected H. pylori infection and clarithromycin resistance mutations. For H. pylori detection, it exhibited a sensitivity of 1 copy/μL, a quantitative linear range of 100-105 copies/μL (R2 = 0.99), and 100 % concordance with commercial assays. This technology provides a scalable, cost-effective, and clinically practical solution for stool-based pathogen detection and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, advancing precision diagnostics in both clinical and public health settings.
45. Non-surgical periodontal treatment improves mitochondrial bioenergetics in circulating immune cells of patients with chronic periodontitis.
期刊: Free radical biology & medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease associated with local and systemic oxidative stress and leads to mitochondrial homeostasis disruption. Although non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) has been proved to reduce the bacterial load and inflammation, the mechanisms underlying its effects on mitochondrial function and systemic redox balance remain poorly understood. Eighty patients with CP underwent NSPT. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after therapy. Mitochondrial redox status, membrane potential, markers of mitochondrial biogenic signalling (PGC-1α), electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, and bioenergetic function were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Correlation and multivariable analyses were performed to explore relationships between periodontal improvement and mitochondrial parameters. After NSPT, patients presented significant reductions in mitochondrial ROS and increased GPX1 expression. PBMCs also showed elevated PGC-1α and ETC I-IV protein levels, together with enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, mass, and spare respiratory capacity. Baseline mitochondrial parameters were associated with the percentage of reduction of periodontal clinical parameters following NSPT. NSPT not only ameliorates local periodontal inflammation but also modulates mitochondrial-related homeostasis and bioenergetic efficiency in circulating immune cells. The present findings support mitochondrial remodelling as a systemic mechanism underlying the benefits of periodontal therapy and a promising target for the treatment of inflammation-related comorbidities.
46. A hybrid Transformer-CNN framework for uncertainty-guided semi-supervised multiclass eye disease classification with enhanced interpretability.
期刊: Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society 发表日期: 2026-Jan-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
The accurate classification of eye diseases such as cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and healthy conditions from fundus images remains a critical challenge in ophthalmology, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to prevent vision loss. Existing deep learning methods rely on large labeled datasets, inefficient use of unlabeled data, and limited interpretability, restricting clinical applicability. To address these limitations, we propose a novel CNN-Transformer hybrid architecture coupled with innovative semi-supervised learning (SSL) and explainability techniques to enhance multiclass eye disease classification. Our methodology integrates a ConvNeXt backbone with Transformer modules, leveraging multi-head attention to effectively capture both spatial features and long-range dependencies. We introduce Uncertainty-Guided MixMatch (UG-MixMatch), a semi-supervised framework that leverages Monte Carlo (MC) dropout for uncertainty quantification and pseudo-label refinement, effectively utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data. For interpretability, we propose a novel Gradient-based Integrated Attention Map (GIAM), which aggregates attention maps across multiple layers. It incorporates adaptive channel-wise weighting, offering more detailed insights into model predictions, surpassing traditional Grad-CAM methods. Evaluated on the Ocular Imaging Health (OIH) dataset of 4215 fundus images across four classes, our approach achieved a 95.27 % classification accuracy using UG-MixMatch and 95.51 % when incorporating MC dropout for direct model evaluation. Cohen’s kappa score reached 93.70, indicating near-perfect agreement with the ground truth. Class-wise performance was exceptional, with 100 % sensitivity and specificity for DR and over 95 % specificity for cataract and glaucoma. Robust AUC values were observed, including 1.00 for DR and cataract and 0.99 for glaucoma and healthy cases. GIAM visualizations effectively highlighted disease-relevant regions, offering enhanced clinical interpretability and validation potential. Our framework addresses data scarcity, enhances interpretability, and delivers clinically relevant performance, a promising step towards scalable, explainable, and accurate diagnostic tools for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and ophthalmic screening.
47. Mammograms in the media: a quality assessment of breast cancer screening videos on TikTok.
期刊: Clinical imaging 发表日期: 2026-Jan-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate the quality and reliability of breast cancer screening information on TikTok using the DISCERN tool, and to compare scores across content creators, including physicians, non-physicians, and private clinics. A search for the hashtag #BreastCancerScreening on TikTok was conducted March 2025. From 983 videos retrieved, 75 met inclusion criteria after applying filters for language, relevance, and engagement. Each video was evaluated independently by two reviewers using the DISCERN questionnaire. Videos were categorized by content creator type, gender, physician specialty, and video format. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis tests and weighted-Cohen’s-kappa for inter-rater reliability. Among 75 analyzed videos, 41% were created by physicians, 31% by non-physicians, and 28% by private clinics. Physician videos received the highest mean DISCERN score (3.12), followed by private clinics (3.07), and non-physicians (2.29). Videos focusing on breast cancer imaging scored highest (3.14), while those based on personal experiences scored lowest (2.35). Kruskal-Wallis testing revealed significant differences in DISCERN scores across creator types (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed that physician and private clinic videos scored significantly higher than non-physician videos. Inter-rater reliability was moderate for physicians, fair for non-physicians, and very good for private clinics. Breast cancer screening information on TikTok varies in quality. Content created by physicians and clinics is more reliable/comprehensive. Because DISCERN evaluates quality rather than scientific accuracy, these findings reflect how clearly information is communicated rather than its medical correctness. Improving clarity and reliability of social media health content could enhance public understanding and encourage informed screening behaviors.
48. β-Nicotyrine and e-cigarette abuse liability II: Behavioral economic demand and intracranial self-stimulation in rats.
期刊: Drug and alcohol dependence 发表日期: 2026-Jan-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Given the prominence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), understanding the product characteristics that underlie ENDS abuse liabilty is a public health research priority. β-Nicotyrine (β-Nic) is a uniquely prevalent constituent (up to 25 % of nicotine [Nic] levels) in ENDS aerosols that may contribute to ENDS abuse liability. Previously, we found clinically relevant concentration of β-Nic doubled the elimination half-life and prolong the interoceptive (discriminative stimulus) properties of Nic in rats, but that it had little or no psychoactive effects itself. The present study used i.v. self-administration (23 hrs/day) and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigms to further evaluate if β-Nic alone has abuse liability or if it enhances the abuse liability of Nic. We examined if β-Nic (> 25 % of Nic levels) substitutes for Nic (0.03mg/kg/inf) during drug self-administration, and whether combinations of Nic and β-Nic alter the acquisition and behavioral economic demand of i.v. Nic. Reinforcement-enhancing and aversive effects of β-Nic alone or in combination with Nic were also evaluated using ICSS. Moderately high β-Nic doses (0.03 & 0.10mg/kg/inf) increased demand for Nic (0.03mg/kg/inf). β-Nic alone did not maintain self-administration, affect ICSS, or influence the effects of Nic on ICSS. β-Nic itself does not have abuse potential in either i.v. self-administration or ICSS models, but it does increase the reinforcing efficacy of self-administered Nic. As such, β-Nic may play a role in the abuse liability of ENDS, which has important treatment and regulatory implications.
49. Understanding the roots of suicide in veterinarians to inform prevention: A scoping review.
期刊: Psychiatry research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Veterinarians experience one of the highest suicide rates of any profession. Beyond fatalities, growing evidence documents suicidal ideation and non-fatal attempts, but findings are fragmented. To map risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior-including ideation, attempts, and death among licensed veterinarians. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and PRISMA-ScR reporting standards, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (2009-2024). Eligible studies examined empirical associations between any risk or protective factor and suicidal outcomes in veterinarians. Data were extracted on study design, sample, country, outcome, and key findings. Twelve studies from six countries met inclusion criteria (nine cross-sectional surveys, one qualitative interview study, one focus-group study, one retrospective mortality analysis). Suicide risk reflected the convergence of occupational stressors (workload, client conflict, euthanasia), psychological vulnerabilities (depression, perfectionism, burnout), demographic variables (gender, early-career status), and access to lethal means (particularly pentobarbital). Protective elements included peer and social support, job satisfaction, adaptive coping, and indirect secure storage of euthanasia agents. Evidence was limited by the predominance of cross-sectional self-report designs and by restricted geographic coverage. Veterinarians face distinctive pressures that heighten the risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death. Multi-level strategies, such as supportive work environments, coping-skills training, peer-support programs, and evaluation of means-restriction policies, should be prioritized. Further longitudinal and cross-national studies are needed to clarify risk trajectories and strengthen preventive action.
50. Developmental windows of vulnerability: Substance-specific effects of prenatal exposure timing on child psychopathology.
期刊: Drug and alcohol dependence 发表日期: 2026-Jan-03 链接: PubMed
摘要
Prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis exposure are known risks for childhood psychopathology symptoms, but gaps persist in identifying substance-specific developmental vulnerability windows. Exposure timing relative to maternal pregnancy awareness may alter outcomes, yet this temporal specificity remains unclarified, limiting targeted risk assessment and prevention. Data from 7777 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (enrolled 2016-2018) were analyzed. Prenatal substance exposure timing was categorized as pre-awareness (exposure before maternal awareness of pregnancy) and post-awareness (exposure after maternal awareness of pregnancy). Six domains of childhood psychopathology symptoms were assessed via the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to investigate the timing effects of prenatal substance exposure on childhood psychopathology symptoms, adjusting for covariates. The analysis revealed distinct temporal patterns of risk for each substance. Childhood psychopathology symptoms were specifically linked to pre-awareness exposure for alcohol and post-awareness exposure for cannabis. In contrast, post-awareness alcohol use and pre-awareness cannabis use showed no significant associations. Prenatal tobacco exposure conferred modest risks across all timings without temporal divergence. Prenatal substance exposure has substance-specific, timing-dependent effects on childhood psychopathology relative to maternal pregnancy awareness. Findings support distinct developmental vulnerability windows, highlighting the need to include substance type and timing in public health guidelines and clinical risk stratification.
51. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dietary patterns and lifestyle factors: A cross-sectional comparison of Brazilian and Spanish gym users.
期刊: Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
This cross-sectional study evaluated dietary and lifestyle factors potentially contributing to DNA damage, cytokinetic defects, proliferative potential, and cell death among gym users in Brazil and Spain. We assessed demographic data, exercise habits, and nutrient estimated intake in 127 Brazilians and 101 Spaniards (≥18 years). DNA damage (micronuclei and/or nuclear buds), cytokinetic defects (binucleated cells), proliferative potential (normal cell frequency), and cell death (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknotic, and karyolytic cells) were evaluated using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt). Multivariate analysis using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed significant discrimination between populations (AUC=0.976, sensitivity=90 %, specificity=95 %). Brazilians showed higher estimated carbohydrate consumption (220.9 vs 182.8 g/day, p = 0.001) and increased cell death markers, particularly karyorrhexis cells (p < 0.001; r = 0.94). Spaniards exhibited higher estimated intake of protein (121.1 vs 89.5 g/day), vitamins E and C, and manganese (all p < 0.001), with lower cellular damage frequencies. Results suggest a higher estimated intake of dietary antioxidants may provide protective effects against cytotoxic damage in different cultural contexts.
52. The Inhibitory Effects and Its Action Mechanism of Carvone Against Botryosphaeria Dothidea.
期刊: Journal of food science 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea) can cause various postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables, leading to serious quality deterioration and economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal properties of carvone against B. dothidea and further clarify its action mechanism. The results showed that carvone exhibited significant inhibitory effects on B. dothidea, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3 mL L-1. Carvone inhibited the mycelial growth of B. dothidea by causing mycelial shrinkage and rupture, thereby damaging the mycelial structure. Meanwhile, carvone can induce the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby triggering lipid peroxidation, compromising cell membrane permeability and integrity, and ultimately resulting in intracellular substance leakage. In vivo experiments further confirmed that carvone reduced the lesion diameter and decay rate of green grapes and cherry tomatoes during storage. Meanwhile, it also delayed the deterioration and maintained their storage quality. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for developing carvone as a natural antifungal agent to control the postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables caused by B. dothidea. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: B. dothidea can cause virous postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables. Traditional chemical fungicides not only tend to pose environmental and health risks, but also induce drug resistance in pathogens with long-term use. Carvone, a natural monoterpene ketone in plant essential oils, can inhibit various phytopathogenic fungi and serve as an ideal alternative to chemical fungicides. However, there is no research on its effect on B. dothidea, and the related antifungal mechanism remains unclear. In this study, in vitro antifungal experiments and in vivo verification were conducted to systematically explore the inhibitory effect of carvone on B. dothidea and its action mechanism. The results showed that carvone could effectively inhibit the growth of B. dothidea by disrupting cell membrane integrity, causing leakage of intracellular contents, altering cell ultrastructure, and inhibiting key metabolic enzymes. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing a novel antifungal agent to regulate the postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables.
53. How can the level of health product education (literacy) be raised among the general public?
期刊: Therapie 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Recognising the pivotal role of health products in our society, the challenges around accessing reliable information in a fast-expanding digital environment, and the essential role played by health literacy in enabling citizens to make informed choices, this round table session was convened to identify strategies for improving health product education and understanding among the general public. Having discussed the concept of health literacy and those initiatives already in place, the participants put forward ten recommendations (R) for improving health product literacy: definition of a consensus-based common core of minimum knowledge about medicines to provide a benchmark level of public understanding (R1); development of a multimodal information campaign coordinated at national, local and individual levels (R2); implementation of long-term interventions with repeated, age-appropriate, and context-sensitive messaging (R3); early introduction of health product education early in schools via lessons and health services (R4); promotion of high-quality education by embracing psychosocial skills and co-constructing messages with public contributors (R5); proactive engagement in digital environments to ensure visibility of reliable content (R6); promotion and upscaling of existing initiatives and educational content (R7); introduction of a trusted structure that centralises validated content (R8); using prescriptions to deliver personalised information (R9); and contribution to national discussions around health-related misinformation (R10).
54. Mapping nursing roles in nutritional care within Saudi tertiary hospitals: A scoping review.
期刊: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nutritional care is a crucial aspect of patient well-being, and nurses lie at the heart of its implementation in hospital settings. However, their role as yet remains limited and under-recognized, especially in Saudi tertiary hospitals. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on the nursing role in nutritional care in Saudi tertiary settings, with findings organized by study design and key themes, and identifying gaps to inform practice, policy, and education. A scoping review design was used to conduct this study. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines within the Arksey & O’Malley framework. Five stages were employed: searching for relevant studies across several databases, screening, charting the data, and thematically synthesizing the findings. Of the 713 records initially identified through database searches spanning 2014 to 2025, 133 duplicates were removed. This left 580 unique publications for the initial screening phase, during which titles and abstracts were evaluated. Based on this assessment, 535 records were excluded. The full text of the remaining 45 articles was then evaluated for eligibility. Finally, twelve articles were incorporated into the final review, each meeting the inclusion criteria. The review established that within the context of interdisciplinary collaboration, certain responsibilities of nurses in nutritional care are not clearly outlined.
55. Biomarkers.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Telomere length (TL), a marker of biological aging, has been implicated in multiple age-related diseases, but its association with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. We analyzed whole genome sequence data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (release 4) to identify genetic variants associated with both AD and TL. We estimated TL for 35,014 participants using TelSeq, which after quality control yielded a dataset including 6,973 persons of European ancestry (EA; 3,701 AD cases, 3,273 controls), 4,188 African Americans (AA; 1,329 AD cases, 2,859 controls), 4,008 Caribbean Hispanics (CH; 1,588 AD cases, 2,420 controls), and 4,170 Native American Hispanics (NAH; 754 AD cases, 3,416 controls). The association of AD with TL was tested using a linear regression model including covariates for age, sex, and dosage of the APOE e2 and e4 alleles. The interaction of TL with SNPs having a minor allele count >20 was evaluated for its association with AD in each ancestry group by logistic regression models using GENESIS including SNP, TL, an interaction term for SNPxTL, and covariates for age, sex, sequencing center, genetic relationship matrix, and principal components of ancestry. Results were combined across groups using METASOFT. AD (p = 5.32x10-12), age (p = 2.00x10-16), sex (p = 2.00x10-16), and APOE e2 (p = 5.35x10-6) were significantly associated with TL. In the EA sample, interaction of TL with CRTC3-AS1 intronic SNP rs533691286 was associated with AD at the genome-wide significance (GWS) level (p = 1.13x10-8). Suggestive associations were found with rs537146885 located between RP5-884C9.2 and LINC01343 (p = 8.95x10-8). In the NAH group, GWS associations were observed for interactions of TL with MIR548XHG intronic variants rs117856971 (p = 2.06x10-9) and rs18578882 (p = 3.70x10-8). No TLxSNP interactions were GWS in the CH and AA groups. In the total sample, GWS associations were identified for interactions of TL with intronic variants in SLC23A2 (rs184956772, p = 3.19x10-9) and CFAP61 (rs769676169, p = 3.64x10-9), rs1037982496 upstream of DEFB123 (p = 2.96x10-9), and several intergenic variants including DEFB115-DKKL1P1 (rs968020553, p = 2.96X10-9), RP5-884C9.2-LINC01343 (rs537146885, p = 4.98x10-9), MIR3193-COX4I2 (rs921951239, p = 2.70x10-9), AC010091.1 (rs552422184, p = 5.86x10-9), and CTA-109P11.1-RP11-328K15.1 (rs77699417, p = 6.51x10-9). We identified variants that significantly impact AD risk through their interaction with TL, suggesting that TL maintenance pathways may be central to AD pathogenesis.
56. Prioritising mental health research areas for India: A modified delphi-based exercise by the Indian Council of Medical Research.
期刊: The Indian journal of medical research 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Background & objectives The prevalence of mental health disorders in India is a growing public health concern, yet there is a dearth of initiatives and consensus on prioritising mental health research areas at the national level. This paper presents the findings from the modified Delphi-based exercise undertaken by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to address this gap. By engaging key stakeholders from diverse sectors-including mental health professionals, State programme officers, health care providers, policymakers, researchers, and civil society representatives-the exercise aimed to identify critical mental health research gaps and develop a blueprint to guide public mental health research in the country. Methods A comprehensive methodology consisting of four steps was followed, including the initial conceptualisation and desk review, a national level brainstorming meeting, restructuring and finalisation of the questions, and prioritisation process. Results Through a rigorous, iterative process of prioritisation and consensus, the top three mental health research questions were identified. These included (i) implementing suicide prevention interventions in schools and colleges, (ii) integrating mental disorder screening and treatment into non-communicable disease care, and (iii) reducing the treatment gap for mental disorders. Conclusion The outcomes of this exercise shall provide valuable insights for mental health research, policy, and resource allocation strategies at the national level.
57. Setting research priorities for cancer in India: Findings from a CHNRI exercise by ICMR & AIIMS-NCI.
期刊: The Indian journal of medical research 发表日期: 2025-Nov 链接: PubMed
摘要
Background & objectives With limited funding and vast array of research ideas, setting priorities becomes essential to ensure effective and efficient use of resources. This study aims to systematically identify key research questions in cancer through stakeholder engagement using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method which is a new concept in the Indian context. Methods The Indian Council of Medical Research held a research priority-setting exercise on May 7-8, 2024 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences-National Cancer Institute, Jhajjar, Haryana, engaging 84 participants across India using CHNRI methodology. Experts were divided into four thematic groups. In Step I, each group proposed research questions, which were scored based on five predefined criteria (answerability, efficacy, relevance, deliverability, equity) and arranged in descending order. In Step II, the highest-scoring questions were further validated through full-house voting. Questions receiving a consensus of more than two-third were finalised as priorities. Results In Step I, 99 questions were generated which covered descriptive (n=10), development (n=65), discovery (n=14), and delivery research (n=10). Development group questions were subcategorised as Technologies (diagnostics/devices/digital) (n=17), Therapeutics (n=16), Prevention and screening (n=20), and Palliative care and survivorship (n=12). During validation (Step II), 36 questions across all domains received >66 per cent scores, resulting in research priorities. Interpretation & conclusions The priority setting exercise helped in short listing research questions in area of cancer in India and provided actionable guidance to policymakers and funders enabling appropriate usage of limited funds.