公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-01-17)
共收录 55 篇研究文章
1. Global molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its association with macrolide resistance and disease severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
期刊: Emerging microbes & infections 发表日期: 2026-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
The global molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and its associations with macrolide resistance and disease severity remain unclear. Studies reporting MP genotypes distribution by P1 typing, multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), or multilocus sequence typing analysis (MLST) among MP-infected patients were included. Data quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled proportions of each MP genotype, with subgroup analyses by geographic region, age group, sex, time period, specimen type, and test assay. The proportions of macrolide-resistant MP and severe MP pneumonia cases were also evaluated. A total of 116 studies met the criteria. Predominant genotypes were P1-1 by P1 typing and 4572 by MLVA in the Western Pacific region and European region, and ST3 by MLST in the Western Pacific region. The proportions of P1-1 and 4572 were higher in the Western Pacific region than in other regions, and in children than in adults, whereas P1-2 and 3562 were opposite. Genotype dominance cycled between P1-1 and P1-2, and between 4572 and 3662. Macrolide resistance rates were highest in P1-1, 4572, and ST3 genotypes. Based on the currently available data, no association was detected between P1 genotypes and disease severity, although the limited sample size restricted the statistical power of this analysis. This comprehensive analysis elucidates the global molecular epidemiology of MP, highlights its clinical implications, and underscores the need for ongoing molecular surveillance to guide management and control strategies.
2. The Effect of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Course on Western Medicine Students' Attitudes Toward Traditional Chinese Medicine: Self-Controlled Pre-Post Questionnaire Study.
期刊: JMIR medical education 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hasbeen widely used to treat various diseases in China for thousands of years and has shown satisfactory effectiveness. However, many surveys found that TCM receives little recognition from Western medicine (WM) physicians and students. At present, TCM is offered as a compulsory course for WM students in WM schools. This study aimed to investigate whether TCM courses can affect the WM students’ attitude toward TCM. WM students from Xiangya Medical School were invited to completeaweb-based questionnaire before and immediately after a TCM course. Their attitude toward TCM and treatment preferences for different kinds of diseases were tested. The Attitude Scale of TCM (ASTCM) was used. The main part of the ASTCM was designed to measure the attitude of medical students towardTCM. It consisted of 18 items, divided into cognitive dimension (5 terms), emotional dimension (8 terms), and behavioral tendencyfactor (5 terms). Finally, the results of 118 five-year program (FYP) and 36 eight-year program (EYP) students were included. For FYP students, there was a significant increase in the total mean score (66.42, SD 7.66 vs 71.43, SD 7.38;P<.001) of ASTCM after the TCM course. Significant increases in mean scores of the 3 factors of attitude (cognition: 21.64, SD 2.08 vs 22.90, SD 1.94; affection: 25.21, SD 4.39 vs 27.96, SD 4.4; and behavioral tendency: 19.577, SD 3.02 vs 20.58, SD 2.76; P<.001)were also observed. Except for the score of behavioral tendency (17.50, SD 3.54 vs 18.78, SD 3.22; P=.02), a significant increase was not detected in total score, cognition, and affection in EPY students (total score: mean 60.36, SD 10.53 vs mean 62.92, SD 10.05; cognition: mean 20.50, SD 2.73 vs mean 20.69, SD 2.73; and affection: mean 22.36, SD 6.32 vs mean 23.44, SD 5.84; all P>.05). The treatment preference of FYP students in acute (P=.02), chronic (P=.003), and physical diseases (P=.02) showed remarkable change. A major change was also detected in internal diseases (P=.02), surgical diseases (perioperative period; P=.01), and mental illnesses (P=.02) in EYP students. This change mainly appeared as a decline in WM preference and an increase in TCM and WM preference. The study showed that earlier exposure to the TCM course increased the positive attitude toward TCM in students majoring in WM. The results provide some suggestions for arraging TCM courses in WM schools.
3. Development of Venous Thromboembolism Risk Prediction Models Based on Whole Blood Gene Expression Profiling Using 20 Machine Learning Algorithms: Comprehensive Analysis Study.
期刊: JMIR medical informatics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
There is a lack of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk prediction models based on gene expression information. This study aimed to construct a VTE prediction model based on whole blood gene expression profiling, by performing a comprehensive analysis of 20 machine learning (ML) algorithms. Two transcriptome datasets containing patients with VTE and healthy controls were obtained by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus database and used as the training and validation sets, respectively. Feature selection for model construction was performed on the training set using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest, followed by the selection of the intersection of the chosen features. Subsequently, recursive feature elimination was applied to further refine the selected features. The selected features underwent model construction using 20 ML algorithms. The performance of the models was evaluated using various methods such as receiver operating characteristic and confusion matrix. The validation set was used for external model validation. The final results demonstrated that all algorithm models, except for k-nearest neighbor, exhibited good performance in VTE prediction. External validation data indicated that 9 algorithm models had an area under the curve greater than 0.75. The confusion matrix analysis revealed that the algorithm models maintained high specificity in the external validation cohort. This study used 20 ML algorithms to construct VTE prediction models based on whole blood gene expression information, with 9 of these models demonstrating good diagnostic performance in external validation cohorts. The above models, when used in conjunction with D-dimer, may provide more valuable references for VTE diagnosis.
4. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling to Uncover Latent Research Topics and Trends in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Bibliometric Review.
期刊: JMIR cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common, often lethal kidney cancer that originates in the renal cortex. Its incidence is rising, and major factors include smoking, obesity, and hypertension, though its etiology is uncertain. While surgery is effective for localized RCC, treatments for metastatic RCC have advanced significantly due to better diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. Despite this progress, challenges remain, including long-term drug resistance and the complexity of RCC as a diverse group of diseases rather than a single entity. The aim of this bibliometric review was a comprehensive analysis of the topics and trends in RCC research, offering a foundation for future investigations. We used R “Bibliometrix” to conduct a bibliographic search in Scopus and PubMed covering publications from 1975 to 2023 to statistically assess the distribution of publications associated with RCC by year, journal, and country. Topic modeling of RCC research was conducted using latent Dirichlet allocation, a Bayesian network-based probabilistic algorithm that identifies unobserved thematic clusters in a collection of text documents. Trends in the retrieved themes were then characterized by using regression slopes over time, across countries, and in different journals. These trends were visualized as a heatmap, which was then used for hierarchical clustering to group similar topics based on their correlation strengths. A total of 35,228 documents from 3070 sources were found, with a steady yearly growth of 9.86% and 118 participating countries. Thirty topics with the best coherence score were found in 8 crucial domains: treatment and therapies, biomolecular and genetic characteristics, disease characteristics and progression, diagnosis and evaluation, metastasis and dissemination, epidemiology and risk factors, related conditions, and pathological features. The pertinent clustergrams that resulted from the heatmaps mirrored the latent Dirichlet allocation’s algorithm identification of major RCC research subjects. Over 50 years, RCC research’s focus has shifted from diagnosis and assessment to a more thorough understanding of disease characteristics and progression. Because many patients are diagnosed with abdominal imaging studies, an emerging topic in RCC is diagnostic imaging and radiological evolution. The advances in omics technologies and the function of microRNA signature in the progression, diagnosis, therapy targeting, and prognosis of RCC have garnered a lot of attention. The discovery of the genetic background has enhanced our understanding of the growth of RCC. Drug resistance, local RCC ablation, and postoperative surveillance of RCC recurrence following nephrectomy are key future research avenues. The next generation of drug-targeted therapy and immunotherapy will make it possible to successfully treat metastatic RCC following nephrectomy. Neglected topics include the association between ferroptosis and RCC, the long-term assessment of novel treatments, and the application of artificial intelligence on RCC. Our bibliographic review delivered pertinent data for clinical decision-making and the planning of future RCC research.
5. Frequency of mesenteric panniculitis in an oncologic population: A multicenter comparative study with a control group.
期刊: Medwave 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare benign entity that affects the mesentery, often detected incidentally in an imaging examination. Its association with cancer is a controversial topic. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of this condition in a known oncological population and compare it with that of a control population. Cross-sectional, retrospective study, comparative with a control group. Patients referred for PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography) staging for recently diagnosed cancer, who had not been treated and had no history of other previous cancer, were selected. This oncological group was separated according to type of cancer. The control group included patients referred for multiple traumatic injuries to undergo computed tomography that included the abdomen and pelvis. Control patients with a history of cancer were excluded. In both cases, the images were reviewed in search of mesenteric panniculitis. Of the oncological group (1911 patients), 5.2% presented mesenteric panniculitis. The types of cancer with the highest frequency of mesenteric panniculitis were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (16.1%) and prostate cancer (12.8%), followed by multiple myeloma (6.9%), urothelial carcinoma (6.2%), cancer of the head and neck (5.3%) and pancreatic cancer (5.2%). Hodgkin lymphoma and cancers exclusive to women (breast, cervix, uterus, ovary) presented a low frequency of mesenteric panniculitis, similar to the control population. The frequency of mesenteric panniculitis in the control population (1056 individual) was 0.6%. The Odds Ratio of the oncological population vs. control for mesenteric panniculitis exposure was 9.6 (95% CI4.2249 to 22.1015, p < 0,0001). The frequency of mesenteric panniculitis depends on the type of cancer, and it is high in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prostate cancer, but low and similar to that of the control population in other neoplasms. La paniculitis mesentérica es una entidad benigna poco frecuente que afecta al mesenterio, muchas veces detectada incidentalmente en un examen de imagen. Su asociación con cáncer es un tema controversial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de paniculitis mesentérica en población oncológica conocida y compararla con la de una población control. Este es un estudio transversal retrospectivo comparativo con un grupo control. Se seleccionó a pacientes referidos para realizar una tomografía por emisión de positrones/ tomografía computarizada (PET/CT) de estadificación por cáncer recientemente diagnosticado, que no hubieran sido tratados y sin antecedentes de otro cáncer previo. Dicho “grupo oncológico” se separó según tipo de cáncer. En el “grupo control” se incluyó a pacientes referidos para realizar tomografía computarizada abdominal y/o de cuerpo completo por politraumatismo. Aquellos pacientes “controles” con historia de cáncer fueron excluidos. En ambos se revisaron las imágenes en busca de paniculitis mesentérica. Del grupo oncológico (1911 pacientes), el 5,2% presentó paniculitis mesentérica. Los tipos de cáncer con mayor frecuencia de paniculitis mesentérica fueron linfoma no Hodgkin (16,1%) y cáncer de próstata (12,8%), seguido por mieloma múltiple (6,9%), carcinoma urotelial 6,2%), cáncer de cabeza y cuello (5,3%), y cáncer de páncreas (5,2%). El linfoma de Hodgkin y cánceres exclusivos de la mujer (mama, cérvix, útero, ovario) presentaron baja frecuencia de paniculitis mesentérica, similar a la población control. Su frecuencia en población control (1056 individuos) fue 0,6%. El de población oncológica versus control para la exposición a paniculitis mesentérica fue 9,6 (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 4,2249 a 22,1015; p < 0,0001). La frecuencia de paniculitis mesentérica depende del tipo de cáncer. Es alta en linfoma no Hodgkin y cáncer de próstata, pero baja y similar a la de la población control en otras neoplasias.
6. Etiology of gene expression-based subtypes of breast cancer in the Ghana Breast Health Study.
期刊: International journal of cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Breast cancers are heterogeneous and largely classified using immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor expression. However, research suggests RNA-based subtyping, including intrinsic (luminal vs. non-luminal) and TP53-based subtypes, may offer additional etiologic insight. TP53 mutant tumors, often more aggressive and non-luminal, are common among women of African descent. We examined possible heterogeneity for RNA-based luminal/non-luminal and TP53 subtypes among women of west African ancestry. We analyzed 595 invasive breast cancer cases and 2096 controls in the Ghana Breast Health Study. RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and profiled via nCounter® Breast Cancer 360™. Tumors were classified as luminal (N = 278) vs. non-luminal (N = 282) and TP53 wildtype-like (N = 324) vs. mutant-like (N = 271) using the PAM50 assay and a validated RNA signature, respectively. Case-control odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using polytomous logistic regression. Etiologic heterogeneity was assessed in case-only analyses. Higher parity was more protective for luminal than non-luminal tumors (p-heterogeneity = .05). Older age at menarche and alcohol use ≥6 months were associated with elevated risk of luminal, but not non-luminal tumors (p-heterogeneity = .01). Similar trends were observed for TP53 wildtype-like tumors, though not statistically significant. Cross-classification of PAM50/TP53 showed that higher parity, older age at menarche, and alcohol use ≥6 months were more strongly associated with luminal/TP53 wildtype-like than other subtypes. RNA-based breast cancer subtyping suggests TP53 refines breast cancer etiologic heterogeneity in a sub-Saharan African population. The high prevalence of aggressive, mostly TP53-mutant tumors in this population underscores the need for further studies to clarify etiologic heterogeneity.
7. Australian Community Health and Primary Health Care Policies from 1970s to 2020s: A Policy Analysis of Changing Interpretations.
期刊: International journal of social determinants of health and health services 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Community health and primary health care (PHC) concepts are contested globally. We analysed 122 Australian federal and state government policy documents relating to women’s, Aboriginal community controlled, generalist and workers’ community health services from the 1970s to 2022 using institutional theory to understand how ideas and interests had shaped community health and PHC in Australia. We found an initial flourishing of diverse ideas was contested and constrained over time to reflect a more biomedical, general practice-centric approach to PHC. This was influenced by federal government decisions to prioritise general practice, and state governments’ emphasis on reducing hospital costs. This reflects the power of established institutions and biomedical framings that have constrained debate over what is possible and what practices can be considered. From the content of the policies we reviewed, community health ideas and a comprehensive vision of PHC have persisted in Aboriginal community controlled health services, in women’s health policy, and in Victorian community health services. Since pursuing comprehensive PHC remains a vital global goal to improve population health and health equity, our examination of policy history can shed light on how ideas and interests have shaped community health and PHC, and how future policies could be strengthened.
8. Multifaceted B cell response to transient HIV viremia in elite controllers.
期刊: PLoS pathogens 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic HIV infection drives B cell dysfunction associated with the accumulation of tissue-like memory (TLMs) and activated memory B cells (MBCs) but decline in resting memory B cells. TLMs express multiple inhibitory receptors and lack response to soluble antigens. However, their origin and the mechanisms driving their expansion in HIV infection remain unclear. From bulk heavy chain BCR sequencing of MBC subsets from 5 PLWH with no detectable viremia, we hypothesized that TLMs (CD21- CD27- B cells) were significantly less mutated but also less diverse than other MBCs, suggesting an enrichment for innate-like B cells or that they belong to a less mature subset. Subsequent detailed multi-omics study of an immune response to a transient HIV viremia in an elite controller demonstrated a functional increase in Env-reactive IgG and MBCs with non-TLM phenotype. Single-cell RNA/BCR sequencing of PBMCs enriched for B cells revealed an orchestrated TNF-α response followed by interferon-α and -γresponses across all B cell subsets. This study provides new insights into multifaceted functional B cell response to transient HIV viremia and highlights TLM heterogeneity.
9. Reducing Readmission Disparities in Hospitals Serving High Volumes of Patients With Limited English Proficiency: Evidence From New Jersey.
期刊: Medical care 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite national attention to address disparities in health care, significant language-based health inequities exist in the United States. To evaluate whether readmissions for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are associated with the LEP volume of the hospital and to determine whether and to what extent the effect of hospital LEP volume on readmissions for LEP patients is conditional on the hospitals’ nurse work environment. Cross-sectional analysis using 3 data sources from 2016: New Jersey Discharge Data Collection System, RN4CAST-US survey, and American Hospital Association Annual Survey. A total of 424,745 patients, 9.2% of which were defined as having LEP (n=38,906), in 68 hospitals. The RN4CAST survey utilized the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index to measure nurses’ ratings of their hospitals’ nurse work environment. The outcome variable was 7-day readmissions, representing a potentially avoidable re-visit to the hospital. Hospital LEP volume was measured as the percentage of index admissions of LEP patients. In the fully adjusted stratified model, in hospitals with poor work environments, a 10-percentage point increase in LEP volume was significantly associated with 6% higher odds of a 7-day readmission for LEP patients [OR=1.06, 95% CI (1.04-1.08), P<0.001]. In hospitals with favorable environments, a 10-percentage point increase in LEP volume was associated with 2% higher odds of a 7-day readmission; however, this difference was not statistically significant [OR=1.02, 95% CI (0.99-1.06)]. Readmission disparities were greatest in hospitals serving higher proportions of patients with LEP; however, the disparities were rendered insignificant in hospitals with the favorable nurse work environments.
10. Global Food Policies and Obesity: Lessons From Selected Country Experiences.
期刊: Food and nutrition bulletin 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundObesity is a global public health crisis exacerbated by ultra-processed and nutrient-poor foods. Despite policy interventions, progress remains uneven due to socioeconomic, political, and industry barriers.ObjectiveThis review examines global food policies on obesity prevention, highlights implementation gaps, and suggests pathways for more equitable, coordinated action.MethodsA narrative review was conducted using literature from PubMed and Scopus (2017-2025), including peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and international agency reports. Key search terms included “global food policies,” “obesity prevention,” “ultra-processed foods,” “nutrition labeling,” and “sugar taxes.” Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on policy strategies for obesity prevention and healthier food environments.ResultsThe review categorized food policy interventions into key thematic areas: fiscal policies, nutrition labeling, marketing restrictions, regulation of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), out-of-home/food-service policies (eg, menu and nutrient labeling, portion-size and sodium limits, healthy defaults, procurement standards), school food policies, and international coordination. Evidence shows that front-of-package labeling and sugar-sweetened beverage levies are effective in some regions. Healthy food subsidies and purchase incentives yield mixed but promising results, especially among low-income groups. However, socioeconomic disparities, industry resistance, weak regulations, and poor multisector and public-private partnerships (PPPs) governance limit their scalability and sustainability.ConclusionsCurrent global food policy efforts are insufficient to curb the escalating obesity epidemic. Transformative, multisectoral, and equity-focused policy frameworks augmented by digital tools for monitoring, enforcement, and targeted health promotion are critical to accelerate progress and reduce inequities. Priority should be given to regulating UPFs, standardizing labels, tightening marketing controls, and integrating obesity prevention into health policies. Global Food Rules and the Fight Against Obesity: Why Current Efforts Fall Short and What Can Be Done to Create Fair, Healthy, and Sustainable Food Systems for Everyone.Plain Language SummaryObesity is rising at alarming rates worldwide, affecting people of all ages and income levels. More than a billion people are now living with obesity, and this number is expected to keep growing. It is not just about personal choices as modern food systems make it easier and cheaper to buy unhealthy, ultra-processed foods than fresh, nutritious ones. Governments and international organizations have tried many strategies to tackle this problem. These include taxing sugary drinks, adding clear nutrition labels to packaging, limiting junk food advertising, especially to children, and providing healthier school meals. Some of these measures have worked in certain countries. For example, sugar taxes in Mexico and the UK have reduced sugary drink sales, while Chile’s warning labels have encouraged manufacturers to make products healthier.However, progress has been slow and uneven. Many policies are poorly enforced, not widespread, or too weak to make a big difference. Powerful food industry lobbying, limited government resources, and lack of global coordination make change harder. People in low-income or rural areas often cannot afford or access healthy foods, and public education campaigns are not always strong enough to change habits.The review calls for a more united, fair, and science-based approach. This means setting global rules for labeling and marketing, focusing more on reducing ultra-processed foods, expanding subsidies for healthy foods, and ensuring policies are culturally appropriate and equitable. Digital tools can make these policies work better. For example, governments can use simple phone apps and open dashboards to track the prices and availability of healthy foods, while AI can help monitor junk-food ads aimed at kids. Text-message or app reminders can also nudge healthier choices without adding extra clinic visits.Ultimately, obesity prevention should be linked with other areas like urban planning, education, and agriculture so that healthier food choices become the easiest choices for everyone. Without stronger, fairer, and more coordinated action, the world risks an even greater health crisis in the years to come. Because we reviewed many kinds of studies and did not run a formal systematic review, these results show promising directions rather than final answers.
11. Mobile Apps to Improve Health Parameters in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review.
期刊: JMIR mHealth and uHealth 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Recently, mobile health and mobile apps have been proposed as a potential tool to improve different outcomes (eg, daily steps, blood glucose) in both people with and without chronic conditions. In particular, healthy people could benefit from these tools by improving health variables and for prevention. Previous evidence investigated different types of health interventions adopting apps in various settings and populations, but evidence of their effectiveness is still unclear. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of mobile apps in improving health variables (eg, daily steps, maximal aerobic capacity) in healthy adults, involving an intervention regarding physical activity, diet, or their combination thereof. Evidence would suggest if apps could be effectively adopted in health interventions aiming toward prevention. A systematic review was performed using Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library-CENTRAL, and Embase. Only randomized controlled trials comparing the same intervention provided with and without a mobile app or a treatment and a mobile app compared with the treatment only were included in this systematic review. The Risk of Bias tool 2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was adopted for rating the certainty of evidence. Considering studies up to June 2025, only 2 studies were included in the review of mobile apps for physical activity, and none were included for mobile apps for diet and none for mobile apps for physical activity and diet combined. The quality of evidence of the 2 studies included was low due to a high risk of bias, several missing data, and deviation from the original interventions, suggesting a scarce rigor in the methodology adopted. Therefore, mobile apps’ effectiveness in improving diet, physical activity, or their combination cannot be assessed. Despite the widespread use of mobile apps for health and the large number of relative publications, the results of this systematic review did not allow us to ascertain the effectiveness of mobile apps for health, but they provided fundamental insights for future research. Hence, it is not possible to state if apps for health might be used as supporting tools for health interventions aiming toward prevention and health improvements in healthy people. There is an urgent need to develop stronger evidence of apps’ effectiveness in addressing different populations and types of interventions for different health domains.
12. An Internet-Delivered Intervention to Reduce LGBTQ+ Prejudice Among Romanian Teachers: Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: JMIR human factors 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Discrimination can greatly impact both physical and mental health due to frequent stressors. Younger individuals, particularly those under the age of 17 years, are more adversely affected by victimization. Within the European Union, Romania exhibits poor rankings concerning LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, queer, and other minority sexual orientations and gender identities) inclusion, with large numbers of LGBTQ+ teenagers experiencing bullying due to their sexual orientation. Given that much of this discrimination and harassment occurs within schools, teachers and counselors are vital in affecting institutional change. This study aims to investigate the impact of an intervention on reducing prejudice against the LGBTQ+ community among Romanian teachers and counselors. Most prior interventions of this nature target Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic populations. In this randomized controlled trial, we recruited 175 Romanian teachers via a national closed online user group and assigned them to either the experimental or control condition. Participants in the experimental condition received the intervention first and then completed the web-based outcome measures, while those in the control condition completed the measures first and then received the intervention. The intervention, designed for internet-based delivery, consisted of a 1-hour video session led by a pair of researchers. It blended educational information with testimonials of LGBTQ+ people, perspective-taking tasks, and a self-efficacy exercise. We measured LGBTQ+ prejudice (using Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale, Homophobia Scale, and Attitudes Toward Homosexuals Scale), behavioral intentions, self-efficacy, perspective taking, intergroup disgust sensitivity, intergroup anxiety, empathy, factual knowledge about LGBTQ+ issues, as well as participants’ feelings toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Participants in the experimental group (n=89) showed significant reductions in prejudice when using the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (F1,173=7.22; P=.008) when compared to the control group (n=86), but not when using the other 2 attitudinal scales. We also found that the experimental group had warmer feelings (F1,173=4.40; P=.04; d=0.32), were more likely to engage in supportive behaviors (F1,173=13.96; P<.001; d=0.56), displayed more self-efficacy (F1,173=9.14; P=.001; d=0.33), had more factual knowledge (F1,173=11.98; P=.001; d=0.52), and had a higher ability to take the LGBTQ+ perspective after controlling for contact (F1,172=4.77; P=.03; d=0.28). We did not observe significant differences in terms of intergroup disgust sensitivity (F1,173=0.816; P=.37), intergroup anxiety for either positive (F1,173=.383; P=.54) or negative emotions (F1,173=0.51; P=.48), or empathy (F1,173=0.02; P=.89). The intervention offers initial evidence for the effectiveness of a cost-effective and portable online resource for educators and high school counselors, particularly in regions where negative attitudes toward the LGBTQ+ community are prominent. The results show that integrating blended cognitive (information), affective (indirect contact and perspective taking), and behavioral (self-efficacy and empowerment) approaches is a promising avenue for intervention in producing positive outcomes related to LGBTQ+ issues within the school environment.
13. Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts from Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris as Promising Bioinoculants for Sustainable Crop Production.
期刊: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Plant growth-promoting yeasts are promising bioinoculants for low-input agriculture, yet their application remains underexplored. We isolated 25 epiphytic strains from Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and performed systematic in vitro biochemical profiling of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. All produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); 80% synthesized under L-tryptophan-free conditions, indicating tryptophan-independent routes. ACC deaminase, siderophores, ammonia release, catalase, and biofilm were widespread, whereas nutrient solubilization (P, K, Zn), polyamines, and hydrolases (proteases, chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, lipases, esterases) were strain-dependent, guiding evidence-based selection. Twelve representatives were evaluated in greenhouse with Nicotiana tabacum; ten increased biomass, leaf area, and root traits versus the control. The standout strains were Wickerhamomyces anomalus C(H5.1), Metschnikowia pulcherrima B(B5) and C(A11.2), Pichia kudriavzevii C(A7), and Yarrowia lipolytica B(H3.1.1), each displaying broad functional repertoires and consistent greenhouse performance. Growth promotion occurred without detectable shifts in bulk soil chemistry, supporting native epiphytic yeasts as multifunctional, soil safe bioinoculant candidates.
14. Autosomal dominant pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy associated with pathogenic variant in HK1 gene.
期刊: Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
15. Treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy in mice by hepatic expression of factor D.
期刊: Blood advances 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) are diseases driven by the alternative pathway (AP) complement. Current treatments involve the use of frequent and often large doses of mAb, peptide or chemical inhibitors of complement proteins with various limitations. Here we describe ectopic expression of factor D (FD) in the liver as a potential novel therapy for these indications. Unlike most plasma complement proteins, which are synthesized in the liver, FD, a serine protease in the AP, is synthesized primarily in fat tissues. Newly synthesized FD is released as a largely inactive pro-enzyme that requires activation by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 3 (MASP3) to form the mature enzyme. We found serendipitously that ectopic expression of mature FD, but not pro-FD, in the mouse liver led to C3-dependent depletion of plasma factor B (FB) and abolished AP complement activity. Co-expression of C3, FB and mature FD in cultured Hepa1-6 cells caused intracellular FB activation and consumption, probably within the secretory vesicles, where all three proteins may co-localize. Hepatic FD-mediated local FB activation and depletion effectively prevented disease development in murine models of aHUS and C3G. Our results suggested that segregated tissue production of FD, FB and C3, as well as FD regulation by MASP3, is necessary to prevent in situ FB activation and depletion. Ectopic expression of mature FD in the liver is an effective way to inhibit FB expression and AP complement activity with potential therapeutic applications in diseases such as aHUS and C3G.
16. Direct Aerosol Detection of SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Using a Terahertz Metasurface Sensor Based on Bound States in the Continuum.
期刊: ACS applied materials & interfaces 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Taking COVID-19 as an example, rapid screening and isolation of positive patients are crucial for preventing the spread of the virus. However, current technologies face challenges in terms of timeliness and accuracy. Emerging metasurface (MS) technology holds promise in addressing the issues. This paper presents an innovative method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein aerosols using advanced MS design and microfluidic technology. Through the Friedrich-Wintgen quasi-bound states in the continuum (F-W QBIC) theory, we designed an MS with a Q-factor of 23 and a sensitivity of 157.07 GHz/RIU. We also studied its resonant modes using multipolar expansion. Then, we designed an experimental microfluidic detection device to test the ability of the MS to detect alcohol solutions and SARS-CoV-2 S protein aerosols. The results show that, through quantitative simulation of a patient’s exhalation for 1 min, the device can detect SARS-CoV-2 S protein aerosols at a minimum detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 1.41 GHz/lg (ng·mL-1). Our research proposes a design, fabrication, and application method for a highly sensitive, low-detection-limit terahertz sensor for SARS-CoV-2 S protein aerosols. This provides a direct and innovative solution for real-time detection in infectious disease prevention and control.
17. Genome-wide screenings identify BAP1 as a synthetic-lethality target with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
期刊: Science advances 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
The nongenetic mechanisms by which cancer cells escape cell cycle inhibition remain inadequately understood. Here, we uncover an epigenetic pathway driving adaptive resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in hepatobiliary cancers using integrative approach combining genome-wide CRISPR screenings with transcriptional, epigenetic, and proteomic profiling. Sustained CDK4/6 inhibition triggers BAP1-dependent chromatin remodeling that induces a stem cell-like epigenetic state. Specifically, BAP1 removes ubiquitin modification (H2AK119ub) at the TCF4 promoter, activating WNT and EMT signaling to enhance cellular plasticity and survival under therapy. Notably, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BAP1 markedly improves abemaciclib efficacy in multiple mouse models and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). These findings establish BAP1 as a key regulator of tumor plasticity and adaptive resistance through epigenetic reprogramming and suggest a promising strategy for overcoming adaptive therapeutic CDK4/6i resistance by targeting quiescent, drug-resistant cancer cells.
18. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission protects macrophages from mtDNA/ZBP1-mediated inflammation and inhibits post-infarct cardiac remodeling.
期刊: Cardiovascular research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) is a growing issue in an ageing society. Macrophages play a central role in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after MI. Mitochondria consistently change their morphology, including fission and fusion; however, the role of these morphological changes, particularly in macrophages, remains unknown. This study investigated the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key mediator of mitochondrial fission, in macrophages and its involvement in the mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). This study utilized genetically altered mice lacking Drp1 in Lysozyme M-positive cells (Drp1-KO) to elucidate the specific role of macrophage Drp1 in post-infarct LV remodeling. Deletion of Drp1 in macrophages exacerbated LV remodeling, underpinned by reduced ejection fraction and increased LV diameter, which resulted in a poor prognosis after MI. Histological analysis indicated increased fibrosis and sustained macrophage accumulation in the infarcted hearts of Drp1-KO mice. Blockade of Drp1 in macrophages decreased mitochondrial fission and impaired mitophagy, leading to the subsequent release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol and the induction of inflammatory cytokines. This induction was abrogated by the autophagy inducer Tat-beclin1 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of Z-DNA Binding Protein 1 (ZBP1). Deletion of ZBP1 in bone marrow-derived cells abrogated LV remodeling induced by the Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1. Macrophage Drp1 plays a critical role in the pathobiology of post-infarct LV remodeling, particularly in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Macrophage Drp1 could be a novel therapeutic molecule to mitigate the progression of LV remodeling and consequent heart failure after MI.
19. Aspergillus-fermented agro-industrial byproducts as dietary ingredients for weaned rabbits: effects on performance, digestibility, and health indicators.
期刊: Archives of animal nutrition 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study evaluated the effects of Aspergillus-fermented agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) on weaner rabbits. A total of 108 weaned rabbits (6 weeks old; 549 g BW) were allotted to 9 treatments in a completely randomised design following a 2 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. The diets consisted of fermented or unfermented AIBPs: maize shaft (MS), cowpea shell (CS), soybean hull (SH) or groundnut shell (GS), plus a wheat-offal control. Fermented AIBPs improved growth performance and reduced mortality during 6-9 weeks (p < 0.05), whereas unfermented AIBPs supported compensatory growth at 10-14 weeks. Fermentation enhanced nutrient digestibility but did not alter haematological and serum indices. Carcass yield was higher with fermented AIBPs, while similar prime cut yields were comparable to unfermented AIBPs. Rabbits fed unfermented AIBPs had heavier small intestines, greater villus development and higher microbial counts. It was concluded that agro-industrial by-products are valuable feed resources for rabbits, and microbial fermentation can further enhance their nutritional and functional properties for early post-weaning rabbits.
20. Water Flow-Driven Abiotic Denitrification Associated with Streaming Potential Generation.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Streaming potential generation through water flow in porous media represents an ancient and ubiquitous geophysical phenomenon. For centuries, this process has been regarded as merely a process of charge redistribution without involving any redox reactions. By using NO3- reduction as a model reaction, this study demonstrated for the first time that water flow drives abiotic denitrification associated with streaming potential generation. The nitrate (NO3-) reduction rate reached 10.6 μmol·L-1·d-1, which is comparable to that of FeS-driven chemical NO3- reduction (75.0-380 μmol·L-1·d-1) and significantly higher than that of photochemistry-driven NO3- reduction (0.1-1 μmol·L-1·d-1). Through monitoring of nitrogenous products and 15NO3- isotopic experiments, we showed that NO3- was selectively reduced to nitrogen (99%) via nitrite and nitrous oxide, confirming a denitrification process. Electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using DMPO as the probe detected the generation of hydrogen radicals (H•), which served as the reducing force for NO3- reduction. Using TEMPO as the electron probe, linear electron production was observed with an electron efficiency of 6.3% for NO3- denitrification. Moreover, H218O isotope experiments demonstrated that water oxidation is the ultimate electron source for NO3- reduction, indicating a chemical-free NO3- reduction process. An electric field strength of approximately 106 V/cm was detected using surface-enhanced Raman scattering, providing evidence of a strong interfacial electric field (IEF)-induced electron transfer process during water flow. This work reveals ubiquitous but long-overlooked redox reactions associated with streaming potentials. Water-flow-driven denitrification also highlights a newly identified abiotic NO3- elimination pathway, suggesting potent chemical-free NO3- remediation strategies.
21. Genetic variation shapes the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcriptional responses in mouse adipose tissue.
期刊: PLoS genetics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Most of the disease associated genetic variants identified in genome wide association studies have been mapped to the non-coding regions of the genome. One of the leading mechanisms by which these variants are thought to affect disease susceptibility is by altering transcription factor (TF) binding. Even though inbred mouse strains have been commonly used to investigate polygenic diseases, less is known on how their genetic differences translate to the level of gene regulation and chromatin landscape. Here, we investigated how genetic variation affects chromatin accessibility in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ mice, which are commonly used to study diet-induced obesity, fed either chow or high-fat diet. We show that differences in chromatin accessibility are almost exclusively strain-specific and driven by genetic variation. In addition, we integrate ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility) and H3K27ac ChIP-seq (active regulatory regions) data to show that tissue-specific TF binding sites are commonly found in the active regulatory regions hosting TF motif altering variants in eWAT. Using footprint analysis, we also show that TF occupancy is consistent with TF binding motif scores at the genetically altered loci. In addition, we validate these findings by extending the analysis to ATAC-seq and H3K27ac ChIP-seq data obtained from the liver. We employ RNA-seq to show that differentially expressed genes are co-located with differentially accessible regions hosting genetic variants. Overall, our findings highlight the connection between differential chromatin accessibility and genetic variation across metabolically central tissues of a mouse model for polygenic obesity.
22. The Planning Strategies for Driving on a Map test (COMAP): Initial validation in stroke patients.
期刊: Clinical rehabilitation 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
ObjectiveTo validate a novel off-road assessment tool-the Planning Strategies for Driving on a Map (COMAP)-designed to evaluate strategic predriving planning in individuals with stroke.DesignCross-sectional observational study following COSMIN and STROBE guidelines.SettingResearch conducted at a university-affiliated research facility.ParticipantsA total of 41 stroke survivors (≥6 months poststroke) and 42 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants with significant language or cognitive impairments (Mini-Mental State Examination < 24) were excluded.Main measuresParticipants completed the COMAP and a battery of cognitive tests including tests of attention, executive functions, working memory, and visuospatial organization.ResultsThe COMAP total performance showed good internal consistency (α = .885) and significant correlations with cognitive measures of executive function and memory. A cutoff score of 59 demonstrated strong diagnostic utility (area under the curve = .829; sensitivity = 78%; specificity = 87%) in identifying stroke-related cognitive impairments. Strategy use and planning time were associated with better task performance. The COMAP was more sensitive to within-group variability among stroke participants than between-group differences with healthy controls.ConclusionsThe COMAP is a valid and reliable tool for assessing strategic predriving planning after stroke. It offers clinically relevant insights into executive functioning and compensatory strategies, with potential applications in rehabilitation and driving-related decision-making.
23. Hemoglobin and transferrin saturation are associated with mobility and physical function two months after hip fracture surgery: an observational cohort study.
期刊: European geriatric medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate whether hemoglobin two days after discharge and transferrin saturation two months after discharge for hip fracture (HF) were associated with mobility and functional outcomes. We included patients ≥ 65 years, surgically treated for a hip fracture at Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg. Iron deficiency was defined as transferrin saturation (TSAT) below 20%. Mobility and physical function were measured two months after discharge in an orthogeriatric outpatient clinic using new mobility score (0-9 points, 9 best functional mobility), six-minute walk test, usual walking speed (10-m), 30-s Sit-to-Stand test, and handgrip strength. Associations between hemoglobin, transferrin saturation (per units of 10%) and outcomes were evaluated by multivariable linear regression, with age, sex, and type of fracture (intra- versus extracapsular) as covariates. 235 patients were included (69% women, age 80 ± 8 years, 55% had intra-capsular fractures). The average ± SD hemoglobin two days after discharge was 10.4 ± 1.5 g/dL, 91% had anemia according to the WHO definition. The average transferrin saturation two months after surgery was 0.21 ± 0.09, 51% had iron deficiency. High hemoglobin was associated with high new mobility score (B = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.66, p < 0.001). High transferrin saturation was associated with high new mobility score (B = 0.74, 95% CI 0.17-1.31, p = 0.01), six-minute walk test (B = 47, 95% CI 16-78, p = 0.004), walking speed (B = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.19, p < 0.001), 30-s Sit-to-Stand test (B = 1.56, 95% CI 0.30-2.85, p = 0.01), and hand grip strength (B = 2.1, 95% CI 0.0-4.2, p = 0.049). High hemoglobin two days after discharge was associated with high new mobility score two months after surgery. Transferrin saturation was associated with mobility and all measured functional outcomes two months after hip fractures.
24. Ergonomic evaluation of the Senhance® robotic system in minimally invasive gynecologic procedures versus conventional laparoscopy: an exploratory study focusing on surgeon's muscle activity.
期刊: Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Primary: To evaluate whether robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery using the Senhance® Surgical System has the potential to reduce muscular demands compared to conventional laparoscopy. Secondary: To verify that the novel eye-tracking feature for zoom and the selection of functions in the Senhance® System menu is not associated with increased eyestrain or neck strain. In a within-subject design, 2 experienced surgeons performed 11 robot-assisted and 12 conventional laparoscopic procedures. Muscular demands were monitored throughout surgical procedures by assessing the muscle activity via bipolar surface electromyography of seven muscles of the lower back, shoulder-neck, and forearms. Surgeons’ head, arm, and torso posture was assessed by gravimetrical position sensors. Furthermore, musculoskeletal discomfort, mental and physical workload, task difficulty and working precision were rated by the surgeons. In addition, a ten-item eyestrain questionnaire was administered after each surgical procedure. Four out of seven muscles were relieved when working with Senhance®. Only in the left shoulder-neck area there was a statistically significant increase in muscle activation associated with robotic-assisted surgery. Changes in surgeons’ posture related to the surgical technique corresponded to the changes in muscle activation. Furthermore, surgeons reported no musculoskeletal discomfort under both conditions and similar levels of workload (mental and physical), and task difficulty. Working precision was subjectively rated to be better during standard laparoscopy. No eyestrain occurred during any of the procedures. This exploratory study identified the potential of the Senhance® Surgical System for ergonomic improvements and indicated no impairments by the novel eye-tracking feature on muscle demands and eyestrain. Follow-up studies with larger and more diverse indications are needed that also consider clinical outcomes, which were not part of the present study.
25. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide register-based cohort study.
期刊: International archives of occupational and environmental health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
26. Development and evaluation of a nutrient-derived anti-inflammatory dietary index (NADI) among Chinese adults.
期刊: European journal of nutrition 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
To develop and evaluate an anti-inflammatory dietary index based on the specific dietary culture and preference among Chinese adults. A total of 6322 participants were included and were further separated into a training (n = 4514) and a validation set (n = 1808). In the training set, we utilized reduced rank regression to derive a dietary index based on the intake of 33 food groups and five pre-identified anti-inflammatory nutrients. In the validation set, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured, and a total inflammation score (TIS) was constructed. Pearson partial correlation analysis and multivariate generalized linear regression were applied to explore the relationship between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers. The derived dietary index, termed Nutrient-derived Anti-inflammatory Dietary Index (NADI), mainly characterized by a higher intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, mushrooms and fungi, soybeans, fresh eggs, and tea, alongside a lower intake of red meat, alcohol, and refined grains. NADI significantly correlated with several well-established dietary indices. Participants in the highest quintile of NADI had lower plasma levels of IL-1β (relative concentration [RC]: 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 ~ 0.77), hs-CRP (RC: 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 ~ 0.80), and TIS (RC: 0.43, 95% CI 0.31 ~ 0.59) compared with the lowest quintile in the fully adjusted model. Results were similar in subgroups and sensitivity analyses. NADI effectively captures inflammation-related dietary quality and could serve as a valuable instrument for evaluating the impact of dietary inflammatory potential on health outcomes in Chinese adults.
27. Implementing patient-reported outcome measures: A scoping review of existing guidance across clinical trials, practice and registries.
期刊: Public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To identify existing guiding documents such as guidelines, frameworks, checklists and recommendations on implementing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical trials, clinical practice and clinical registries. Scoping Review. A literature search of five scientific databases was conducted from database inception to June 2024. Google Scholar and grey literature sites were searched to identify relevant guiding documents. Existing documentation, including guidelines, frameworks, checklists, and recommendations for implementing PROMs in clinical trials, practice, and clinical registries, was included. A narrative synthesis of selected publications was conducted. In total, 4905 records were identified and assessed for eligibility, and 177 publications underwent full-text screening, resulting in 38 guiding documents in this review. Of the 38, 18 (47 %) were guiding documents for PROMs use in clinical trials, 12 (32 %) in clinical practice, and eight (21 %) in clinical registries. Most guidelines and recommendations were on PROMs implementation in clinical trials and clinical practice, with only a few recommendations published for clinical registries. This review mostly identified guiding documents for implementing PROMs in clinical trials and practice. There is a gap in the literature regarding guidelines for implementing PROMs in clinical registries. Given the growing recognition of clinical registries and PROMs data for healthcare quality improvement and patient-centred care, an evidence-based standard guideline to implement PROMs in clinical registries efficiently will be beneficial.
28. Antenatal lifestyle interventions to reduce gestational weight gain: Where should we start and how much will it cost?
期刊: Public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Antenatal lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing negative outcomes associated with excess gestational weight gain. While strong cost-effectiveness has also been demonstrated, the cost of implementation is potentially a barrier to uptake. We aimed to estimate whether targeted implementation in high risk clinical groups (categorized by age, body mass index (BMI) and gravidity) returns greater health cost savings through a reduction in aggregate incidence of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Distributional budget impact analysis utilising population level linked data collections. Total budget expenditure (cost of intervention minus cost savings from the associated reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes) of implementing the lifestyle intervention in risk targeted population sub-groups was estimated, stratified by health system (public vs. private funding). Total annual budget expenditure if the intervention is routinely provided to 80 % of pregnant women in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, is projected to be AU$11,654,857 for n = 94,539 public patients, and AU$6,527,434 for n = 33,516 private patients. If implemented in the BMI ≥30 kg/m2 group only, expenditure is reduced to AU$643,339 for n = 10,298 public patients, and AU$579,003 for n = 5018 private patients, while for implementation in the Age ≥35 years group, it was AU$1,290,965 (n = 21,071 public) and AU$2,169,851 (n = 12,776 private). The number of adverse pregnancy outcomes averted per women was greatest in the BMI ≥30 kg/m2 group. Women in the highest BMI category should be prioritised for implementation of effective and cost-effective antenatal lifestyle intervention to reduce the aggregate budgetary impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
29. Association between dairy consumption and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
期刊: Public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure and rising global prevalence. Genetic, environmental, and dietary factors may influence risk. Dairy intake, may influence risk through gut microbiome changes and alpha-synuclein spread along the gut-brain axis, though epidemiological evidence is mixed. This meta-analysis examines the association between dairy consumption and PD risk in observational studies. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for original, peer-reviewed observational studies examining dairy intake and PD risk. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models depending on heterogeneity (I2 threshold: 50 %). Subgroup analyses by dairy type and sex were conducted. This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Nine studies (eight cohort, one case-control) comprising diverse populations from the U.S., Europe, and Asia were included. A total of 15 results from 9 observational studies were analyzed. The combined cohort studies encompassed 634,327 participants with 4285 incident PD cases, while the case-control studies included 617 individuals (368 controls and 249 PD cases). High total dairy intake was significantly associated with increased PD risk (RR = 1.211; 95 % CI: 1.071-1.37; p = 0.002), with a stronger effect in males (RR = 1.282) than females (RR = 1.019). Milk consumption was also associated with increased PD risk (RR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.079-1.20; p < 0.001), with consistent sex-specific results. No significant associations were found for yogurt/fermented milk, cheese, butter, or ice cream. Higher consumption of total dairy and plain milk is associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Further studies involving diverse populations and ethnicities should explore this association, stratified by genetic and sporadic forms of PD.
30. Repeated sexual assault among people with disabilities: A comparative analysis by disability type.
期刊: Research in developmental disabilities 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sexual violence disproportionately affects people with disabilities. Repeated sexual assault, a core marker of system failure, is an understudied topic in disability research. The current study quantified inequalities in sexual revictimization between people with and without disabilities and between disability types. We linked Taiwan’s 2019-2022 National Sexual Assault Database with the National Disability Registry to compare revictimization by disability status and type and to identify correlates. Negative binomial models yielded incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with adjustment for age, sex, place of residence, income, perpetrator relationship, and follow-up time. Among 30,124 individuals with sexual assault experience, 3116 (10.3 %) experienced multiple assaults; 22.8 % of these experienced 3 or more assaults. People with disabilities were more likely to experience multiple assaults than were people without disabilities (IRR = 2.42, P < .001). Among people with disabilities (n = 3633), those with an intellectual disability (IRR = 1.83, P < .001) or a mental disability (IRR = 2.32, P < .001) were the most likely to experience revictimization. Perpetrator relationship had an influence; compared with noncohabiting partners, the following perpetrators were associated with a greater risk of multiple assault: online acquaintances (IRR = 1.94, P < .001); fathers (IRR = 1.64, P < .001), and strangers (IRR = 1.68, P < .001). Online acquaintances were a risk factor among people with disabilities (IRR = 1.74, P < .001). Our findings highlight substantial, disability-specific disparities in repeated sexual assault. Prevention and response should prioritize assisting survivors with intellectual and mental disabilities.
31. The effect of culturally adapted oral hygiene dental visual aids on plaque removal in autistic children: A randomized clinical trial.
期刊: Research in developmental disabilities 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Culturally tailored visual aids are a vital educational resource for facilitating skill acquisition in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study evaluates the effectiveness of a culturally adapted dental visual aid, developed by Aljubour, in enhancing the oral hygiene of children with ASD over a six-month follow-up period. A longitudinal, blinded, randomized, and controlled clinical trial was conducted over six months. Participants were allocated into two groups: Group I received the Aljubour culturally adapted dental visual aids, while Group II received conventional dental visual aids. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Silness and Löe plaque index. Although the reduction in mean plaque index following six months of using the culturally adapted visual aids was not statistically significant (P = 0.120), a significant difference was observed between the two study groups (P = 0.002). The findings indicate that children with ASD who utilized the Aljubour culturally adapted dental visual aids demonstrated a significant improvement in oral hygiene status compared to those who used conventional dental visual aids after a six-month evaluation period.
32. SVA virus-like vesicle vaccine based on VEEV-VSVG vector elicits efficient immune responses and protection in swine.
期刊: Veterinary microbiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family，which is closely associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD), spread quickly and has posed a potential threat to the swine industry in several countries. Currently, SVA demonstrate persistent genetic evolution, yet no licensed vaccines or effective therapeutics are commercially available for disease containment，which underscores the significance of strategies for preventing and controlling SVA infection. A Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) replicon system expressing Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) was constructed in the preliminary research. In this study, we developed a recombinant virus-like vesicles (rVLVs) vaccine expressed SVA VP1 and VP2 protein based on the VEEV-VSVG system and evaluated the characterization and stability. Subsequently, immunization with rVLVs vaccine elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in both mice and swine. In addition, the swine challenge experiment manifested that immunization with rVLVs-SVA-VP2 conferred complete protection, comparable to the inactivated vaccine, whereas rVLVs-SVA-VP1 vaccination demonstrated a 60 % protective efficacy.
33. Alterations in white matter integrity and asymmetry in children with autism spectrum disorder: an automated fiber quantification tractography study.
期刊: Journal of psychiatric research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate microstructural and lateralization abnormalities of white matter (WM) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using automated fiber quantification tractography, assess their relationship with behavioral symptoms, and analyze developmental trajectories of WM tracts with age. This study analyzed diffusion tensor imaging data of 36 children with ASD (mean age, 5.44 ± 0.95 years; male:female, 28:8) and 27 healthy controls (mean age, 5.06 ± 1.83 years; male:female, 17:10) using automated fiber quantification. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was applied to distinguish ASD from healthy controls (HC) based on WM metrics. ASD children exhibited local WM abnormalities, atypical lateralization, and impaired age-related development of WM. The callosum forceps major (CF_major) and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairments correlated with social impairments, while CF_major and right thalamic radiation impairments correlated with repetitive behaviors. The cingulum cingulate was atypically lateralized and negatively correlated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. SVM classification based on WM metrics achieved 75 % accuracy (AUC = 0.81) in distinguishing ASD from HC. Children with ASD show subtle microstructural abnormalities, atypical lateralization patterns, and delayed development of WM tracts, correlated with behavioral symptoms. SVM classification supports the discriminative utility of WM metrics as potential ASD biomarkers.
34. Facial appearance prediction for orthognathic surgery with diffusion models.
期刊: Medical image analysis 发表日期: 2026-Jan-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Orthognathic surgery corrects craniomaxillofacial deformities by repositioning skeletal structures to improve facial aesthetics and function. Conventional orthognathic surgical planning is largely bone-driven, where bone repositioning is first defined and soft-tissue outcomes are predicted. However, this is limited by its reliance on surgeon-defined bone plans and the inability to directly optimize for patient-specific aesthetic outcomes. To address these limitations, the soft-tissue-driven paradigm seeks to first predict a patient-specific optimal facial appearance and subsequently derive the skeletal changes required to achieve it. In this work, we introduce FAPOS (Facial Appearance Prediction for Orthognathic Surgery), a novel transformer-based latent diffusion framework that directly predicts a normal-looking 3D facial outcome from pre-operative scans to allow soft-tissue driven planning. FAPOS utilizes a dense 282-landmark representation and is trained on a combined dataset of 44,602 public 3D faces, overcoming limitations of data scarcity, lack of correspondence. Our three-phase training pipeline combines geometric encoding, latent diffusion modeling, and patient-specific conditioning. Quantitative and qualitative results show that FAPOS outperforms prior methods with improved facial symmetry and identity preservation. These results mark an important step toward enabling soft-tissue-driven surgical planning, with FAPOS providing an optimal facial target that serves as the basis for estimating the skeletal adjustments in subsequent stages.
35. Hearing the deaf nursing student: Navigating inclusive nurse education in ableist learning environments.
期刊: Nurse education in practice 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
This aim of this discussion paper is to explore and reflect those biases and limiting discriminatory practices of those of us entrusted to support the educational journey of a deaf Mental Health student nurse, through his lens, to reconsider and re-examine what it means to be genuinely inclusive. Adopting an ethos of social justice, this discussion connects the narrative of this student to those who supported him through his 3-year degree learning experience in university and clinical placements. Our reflections as educators are based on deconstructing and connecting concepts around ableist, stigmatizing discrimination alongside the student narrative. A critical discussion paper. Adopting the principles of a qualitative case study approach as a reflective evaluation to interrogate our pre-judgments, thought processes and habitual responses, to understand our complex roles in relation to enabling successful student journeys. The inclusion of a deaf student in a ‘hearing’ cohort required pre-planning and great thought, for it to be truly inclusive. Although practical solutions to the physicality of communication was resolvable, the greater challenge and constant advocative negotiations from his Personal Tutor came from pre-conceived ideas and attitudes more in adult placement settings, whose apprehensions of this students’ learning fixated around safety, responding to emergency bells and fast communication. The approach to a person with disabilities needs to begin with the assumption that everyone has a right to contribute to and benefit from higher education and an equal chance to be what they perceive as their contribution to society.
36. Endophytic fungus-induced phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa enhances biocontrol of rice spikelet rot disease.
期刊: Microbiological research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is a late-stage disease that affects rice spikes, leading to grain discoloration, deformation, and a reduced seed-setting rate. Recent studies suggest that the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris plays a crucial role in reshaping the microbial community within rice spikes, promoting the enrichment of functionally active microorganisms with potent antagonistic properties, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These beneficial microbes can effectively suppress pathogen infection, thus mitigating the impact of RSRD. Despite these findings, the interaction between Ph. liquidambaris and the key antagonistic microorganism P. aeruginosa remains unclear. In this study, we found that Ph. liquidambaris and P. aeruginosa acted synergistically to reduce the RSRD incidence, disease severity, and grain fumonisin content by 56.15, 44.44, and 23.65 %, respectively. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we conducted coculture experiments, which revealed that Ph. liquidambaris stimulated P. aeruginosa to increase the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), a key antimicrobial compound. PCA significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium proliferatum and suppressed fumonisin biosynthesis. Pot experiments further confirmed its efficacy in preventing and controlling RSRD. Overall, this study demonstrated that fungalbacterial interactions stimulate the production of antimicrobial compounds, offering new insights into their potential for pathogen suppression and plant disease control.
37. Reactive species-mediated stepwise photoaging mechanisms of microplastics transferred from freshwater to seawater.
期刊: Water research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Microplastics (MPs) inevitably undergo photoaging following transfer from freshwater to seawater, where reactive species (RS) potentially serve as key drivers influencing their physicochemical properties. However, the mechanisms underlying RS-mediated photoaging of MPs in this environmental transition remain limited. This study elucidated a novel stepwise photoaging mechanism for polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs), initially mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in freshwater and subsequently by reactive chloride species (RCS) in seawater. Results demonstrated that PS MPs transferred from freshwater conditions (sampled from Xiangjiang River; salinity undetected) to seawater conditions (sampled from Bohai Sea; salinity of 30‰) exhibited more advanced photoaging, with a 43% increase in polymer chain scission compared to those photoaged exclusively in freshwater. Notably, MPs modified with oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) facilitated the generation of ROS and RCS in seawater, thereby promoting the photoaging process. The OFGs-enriched photoaged PS MPs displayed a larger population of triplet-state PS (3PS), a 312% enhancement in oxidative potential, and a 37% higher yield of dichloride radical anions (Cl2•-) compared to pristine PS MPs. These findings indicated a positive feedback loop: OFGs promoted 3PS formation, which in turn facilitated ROS generation and oxidised chloride ions to form RCS. This cascade of RS promoted advanced photoaging, resulting in the accumulation of additional OFGs. Furthermore, density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that OFGs weakened the intrinsic molecular stability of MPs and introduced electrophilic-nucleophilic dual sites, thereby increasing their susceptibility to RS attack (especially by RCS). Collectively, this study highlights that OFGs serve as critical intermediates in the RS-mediated stepwise photoaging process, providing theoretical insights for elucidating the environmental fate of MPs in aquatic systems and further assessing their environmental risks.
38. Tissue uptake, distribution, elimination and neurotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in adult zebrafish (Danio Rerio).
期刊: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-02 链接: PubMed
摘要
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a novel brominated flame retardant, has been widely detected in various environmental media and exhibits significant bioaccumulation potential. This study first analyzed the distribution characteristics of DBDPE in zebrafish tissues using a toxicokinetic model. The results revealed that DBDPE preferentially accumulated in the brain, with the concentration order being brain > liver > gonads, indicating a potential neurotoxic risk. Further research demonstrated that zebrafish chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DBDPE exhibited abnormal social behaviors. Molecular analysis indicated that this neurobehavioral toxicity may be related to the disruption of neurotransmitter homeostasis and the upregulation of gene expression in the central nervous system induced by DBDPE. Notably, female zebrafish were found to be more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of DBDPE. These findings not only clarify the tissue-specific accumulation characteristics of DBDPE but also reveal its sex-dependent neurotoxic differences, thereby providing important scientific evidence for the ecological risk assessment of this pollutant.
39. Mathematical modeling and cost-effective intervention strategies for diabetes management: A data-driven and numerical analysis approach.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, non-communicable disease that continues to pose a major global health burden. Effective management strategies require not only clinical interventions but also robust modeling frameworks to guide public health decisions. In this study, we develop a compartmental model to describe the dynamics of diabetes under both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The model is solved using a Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) scheme, which preserves key properties such as positivity and boundedness, and demonstrates superior stability compared to classical numerical methods (RK4 and Forward Euler). The model parameters are estimated by fitting to annual diabetes prevalence data from the United States (2000-2022). A global sensitivity analysis using Partial Rank Correlation Coefficients (PRCC) identifies the most influential parameters driving disease dynamics. To evaluate intervention strategies, the model is extended with three time-dependent control measures, followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess their relative efficiency. Our findings highlight the critical parameters influencing diabetes progression and suggest optimal intervention strategies that balance effectiveness with economic feasibility. These results provide valuable insights for improving diabetes management and support evidence-based public health planning.
40. Identifying missed opportunities in tuberculosis preventive treatment care cascade: Analysis of programme data from Maharashtra, India.
期刊: PLOS global public health 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tuberculosis infection is a condition when a person harbours the bacilli without having signs of active disease. In India, over 50% of household contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis have the infection. The national tuberculosis elimination programme recommends preventive treatment to such household contacts after ruling out active disease. Maharashtra is one of the bigger states in India with high tuberculosis burden. We analysed the programme data from Maharashtra to describe the tuberculosis preventive treatment care cascade for household contacts of all notified people with pulmonary tuberculosis for the year 2023. Contact tracing was done for 84% of the 133,167 notified people with pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 406,291 household contacts were enlisted out of whom 386,224 (95%) were screened for symptoms of tuberculosis. 185,502 (45%) household contacts were listed as eligible for tuberculosis preventive treatment, of whom 101,325 (55%) were initiated on tuberculosis preventive treatment. While 41,480 (41%) of those initiated on treatment successfully completed it, treatment outcomes were not recorded for around 57,191 (56%) of them. Tuberculosis preventive treatment completion as well as recording of treatment outcomes was lesser for 6H regimen, among contacts of those seeking care from private sector and people with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis. There were considerable losses at all steps of the TPT cascade. Reasons for losses from the cascade need to be identified and addressed. Strengthening data capturing and reporting mechanisms and developing decentralized mechanisms for identification, evaluation and TPT provision are necessary for improvement in service delivery and utilization. Aligning the national TB report with the guidelines by including household contacts of all notified persons with pulmonary tuberculosis instead of only microbiologically positive ones may improve treatment outcome recording among clinically diagnosed cases. The capacity building, monitoring, and supportive supervision need further strengthening to improve the provision of tuberculosis preventive treatment care.
41. Hygiene knowledge and practices in the Lagos wild meat value chain: Cultural influences, regulatory gaps, and infrastructure needs.
期刊: PLOS global public health 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Wild meat, commonly known as bushmeat, is a cultural, economic, and nutritional staple food in many regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Wild meat value chains face major hygiene and sanitary regulation challenges, but only a few studies have investigated these challenges, focusing instead on market dynamics and biodiversity issues. This study examines the hygiene practices, attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of public health risks among actors in the Lagos (Nigeria) wild meat value chain, and its consequences for food safety. We employed a qualitative study design, using in-depth interviews of key informants (n = 34) purposively selected from the wild meat value chain’s hunter, wholesaler, processor, and retailer nodes. An inductive thematic approach was used for data analysis. Results revealed three overarching themes: culture, infrastructure, and regulation. Social norms, poor infrastructure, and lack of regulation were the main drivers of the hygiene practices in the value chain. Actors showed poor knowledge of the health risks associated with wild meat, prioritizing taste over its safety. Women were more at risk of contracting zoonotic infections due to gender biases, which exposed them to riskier nodes of the value chain. The wild meat value chain in the megacity of Lagos constitutes a high-risk platform for zoonotic and food-borne pathogen transmission, due to poor knowledge, infrastructure deficits, and economic resource pressure, which leads to unhygienic practices of its actors. We recommend intervention approaches that integrate people’s cultures, provision of infrastructure, enforcement of sanitary standards, actors’ education, and further empirical research to stimulate the establishment of hygiene guidelines for the regulation of urban wild meat value chains globally.
42. Prevalence of illicit alcohol consumption and associated factors among adolescents in selected communities of Lusaka, Zambia.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Illicit alcohol (illegally brewed alcohol) consumption among adolescents is an increasing public health problem worldwide, with major impacts on individuals, families, and communities. It’s effects may lead to blindness, poisoning, infection, and other health problems. In Zambia, evidence on the burden of illicit alcohol intake and associated factors is limited, particularly in socioeconomically deprived communities. This study estimated the prevalence and examined the socio- demographic, socio-cultural and socio-economic factors that influence illicit alcohol consumption among adolescents between 10-17 years old in selected unplanned settlements in the city of Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2023, among 331 adolescents who reported alcohol use in 24 selected densely populated peri-urban communities of Lusaka, Zambia. Total enumeration was employed to select participants who met the age criteria and were enrolled in the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) program. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic, socio-cultural, socio-economic, and illicit alcohol intake characteristics. Descriptive statistics and graphical presentations were generated, and an investigator-led stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing illicit alcohol consumption, with variables with p-values >0.2 removed from the model. Data were analyzed using STATA version 16 MP, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of illicit alcohol consumption among adolescent alcohol users in the selected Lusaka communities was 42.9% (142/331), with the majority being male (75%). The median age of participants was 16 years (IQR: 15-17). Most adolescents (98.8%, 327/331) had attended school, though only 32% (102/331) had reached secondary level. A large proportion (77.3%, 256/331) lived with their biological parents, while 73.7% (244/331) belonged to large households (more than 10 members). After adjusting for potential confounders, males were more than twice as likely to engage in illicit alcohol intake compared to females (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.22-3.55, p = 0.005). Conversely, unemployed adolescents were significantly less likely to consume illicit alcohol compared to their employed peers (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.90, p = 0.048). Illicit alcohol intake among adolescents in peri-urban communities of Lusaka, Zambia, is high and linked to a broad range of risk factors, particularly sex and employment status. Early initiation of comprehensive, multisectoral, community-based strategies with active stakeholder involvement may help mitigate this growing public health problem.
43. Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, are dominated by specific local clones rather than previously described international lineages.
期刊: PLoS pathogens 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) are increasingly prevalent pathogens in hospital settings worldwide. In early 2019, an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) at a tertiary hospital in South Africa triggered a retrospective investigation to determine local CRKP molecular epidemiology. The evolution of CRE at the institution progressed from sporadic cases in 2016-2017 to establishment of CRKP as an endemic pathogen by 2020. Of 778 clinical and carriage CRKP isolates (2016-2020), 413 (53%) were collected and sequenced. Sequence type (ST) 2621 (164, 40%) and ST39 (164, 40%) predominated with several minor STs making up the remainder. The majority of ST2621 associated with blaOXA-181 were isolated from adult patients (59%) and clinical samples (84%). ST39 with blaNDM-1 was predominantly identified in carriage isolates (76%) from neonatal (57%) and paediatric (38%) patients. The establishment of these unique CRKP clones distinct from the globally dominant epidemic lineages suggests local acquisition of carbapenemase genes with subsequent institutional propagation. Strengthening of infection prevention practices and antibiotic stewardship programmes at this institution is critical to reduce CRKP transmission and curtail evolution of future antimicrobial resistant clones.
44. Decentralized clinical trials: A comprehensive analysis of trends, technologies, and global challenges.
期刊: PLOS digital health 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), particularly in the U.S., gained substantial attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling trial activities to be conducted from participants’ homes or local healthcare facilities despite restrictions and lockdowns. Regardless of the growth in interest, many facets of the DCT landscape remain unexplored or nascent in their development. This study aims to explore the key characteristics and development of the U.S.-registered DCT landscape, adoption patterns across various clinical contexts, and the role of digital technologies. We analyzed 1370 decentralized trials from ClinicalTrials.gov, collected using a broad DCT-keyword search. The data were screened and coded manually, and analyzed descriptively for temporal trends, purpose of decentralization, intervention type, geographic representation, and digitalization. Our findings align with previous reports of a growing, heterogeneous landscape of DCTs, with behavioral interventions appearing more suitable for decentralization than other types of interventions. Notably, most DCTs still focus on evaluating decentralized methods rather than merely implementing them in their investigations. Often, studies integrate digital tools either as the interventions themselves or to enable the digital delivery of study activities. Although the trial registry used is U.S.-based, and a U.S. partner is part of more than 50% of the studies identified, many trials are done in multiple countries or countries outside of the U.S. (42%). Among these trials, the data revealed considerable differences, with digitalized DCTs in this sample concentrated in high-income countries. Despite rapid growth in DCTs, our findings suggest the presence of a field in development, very much focused on establishing a methodological foundation. To unlock the potential of DCTs locally and globally, four critical areas demand further attention: digital equity, regulatory frameworks for diverse technologies, establishment of methodological validation processes, and further research on barriers to implementation.
45. TCR2HLA: Calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.
期刊: PLoS computational biology 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize peptides presented by polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, but HLA genotype data are often missing from TCR repertoire sequencing studies. To address this, we developed TCR2HLA, an open-source tool that infers HLA genotypes from TCRβ repertoires. Expanding on work linking public TRBV-CDR3 sequences to HLA genotypes, we incorporated “quasi-public” metaclonotypes - composed of rarer TCRβ sequences with shared amino acid features - enriched by HLA genotypes. Using four TCRβseq datasets from 3,150 individuals, we applied TRBV gene partitioning and locality-sensitive hashing to identify ~96,000 TCRβ features strongly associated with specific HLA alleles from 71M input TCRs. Binary HLA classifiers built with these features achieved high balanced accuracy (>0.9) across common HLA-A (9/12), B (9/12), C (6/13), DRB1 (11/11) alleles and prevalent DPA1/DPB1 (6/10), DQA1/DQB1 (8/17) heterodimers. We also introduced a high-sensitivity calibration to support predictions in samples with as few as 5,000 unique clonotypes. Calibrated predictions with confidence filtering improved reliability. Beyond genotype imputation, TCR2HLA enables the discovery of novel HLA- and exposure-associated TCRs, as shown by the identification of SARS-CoV-2 related TCRs in a large COVID-19 dataset lacking HLA data. TCR2HLA provides a scalable framework for bridging the gap between TCRseq data and HLA genotype for biomarker discovery.
46. A cross-sectional survey to explore healthcare providers' experiences and attitudes toward HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for women in family planning centers of Greater Paris.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite representing a disproportionately high percentage of new HIV diagnoses in France annually, women who have migrated from Sub-Saharan Africa (WMSSA) remain underserved by HIV prevention strategies, including Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). This study aimed to understand healthcare providers’ experiences and attitudes toward PrEP delivery to WMSSA within family planning centers (FPCs) of the Paris region in France. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey from February to June 2024 to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of providers in FPCs in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis (SSD) County. The survey link was emailed to FPC providers via their departmental mailing lists. Of the 284 providers who were contacted, 64 completed the survey (response rate of 23%). Respondents were predominantly women (95%), with a median age of 44 (IQR 35-53) and a median of 17.5 (IQR 10-26) years of professional experience. They worked as physicians (44%), midwives (34%), or nurses (22%), primarily in FPCs within SSD County (77%). All providers had heard of PrEP; 42% had already discussed it with a client; 28% reported PrEP prescriptions being offered in their FPC; and 21% had already prescribed it for a woman. Among participants, 42% had received PrEP training, and 53% rated their overall PrEP knowledge as good or very good. About one-third of providers reported feeling uncomfortable discussing or prescribing PrEP to women. The top three barriers to PrEP implementation were the lack of PrEP awareness among clients (32%), inadequate provider training (21%), and the limited number of PrEP prescribers in FPCs (21%). Providers endorsed multiple interventions to increase PrEP delivery, including PrEP training, educational materials, and policy shifts to broaden prescriber roles. FPC providers in Paris and SSD County have limited experience in delivering PrEP to women. Several facilitators were identified to inform PrEP implementation strategies at the provider, client and structural levels.
47. Longitudinal trends in vaping, smoking, and harmful alcohol use across sexual orientations in the UK (2014-2021).
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sexual minorities, including lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, often face higher substance use rates due to societal stressors. Recent societal changes, including the COVID-19 pandemic and rising hate crimes in the UK, may have impacted these disparities across sexual orientations. This study aims to examine changes in vaping, smoking, and alcohol use disparities across sexual orientations in the UK from 2014 to 2021. Data from the UK Longitudinal Household Survey (2014-2021) were analyzed, covering 42,052 participants aged 16 + . Sexual orientation categories included heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other sexual minorities. The outcomes were smoking, vaping, and harmful alcohol drinking. Longitudinal logit models with generalized estimating equations were used, adjusting for demographic factors. Predictive prevalences were calculated and used to examine the disparities between each sexual minority group and the heterosexual group over time. We did not find consistent increases in substance use disparities across sexual orientation groups in the UK from 2014 to 2021. Small differences were observed among bisexual individuals who had a higher predicted prevalence of harmful alcohol drinking in 2019-2020 (~11-13% higher), while gay/lesbian individuals showed higher vaping prevalence in 2019 (~5% higher) than heterosexual individuals. For smoking, no disparities were observed. Unlike prior studies that reported disparities, our longitudinal analysis found little to no evidence that sexual minorities had elevated or widening substance use disparities. While some subgroups exhibited elevated risks in specific years, these patterns were not sustained over time. Future research should explore how social stressors, policy contexts, and community norms interact to inform targeted, inclusive interventions that reflect the diversity within LGBTQ+ populations.
48. Structural mapping of NTCP distinguishes its dual functionality as a hepatitis B virus receptor and bile acid transporter.
期刊: PLoS pathogens 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a hepatic transmembrane (TM) protein that functions both as a bile acid transporter and as a host receptor for hepatitis B and D viruses via the viral preS1 binding. The structural and mechanistical determinants for NTCP’s dual functions remain largely undefined. In this study, using comprehensive structure-guided alanine-scanning mutagenesis based on the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the preS1/NTCP complex, we identified 13, 8 and 9 NTCP amino acid residues critical for viral infection, preS1 binding, and bile acid transport, respectively. Key residues overlappingly regulating viral receptor and transporter functions were located primarily at TM1 and TM8, whereas TM5 and outer-surface NTCP loops mediated viral receptor-specific activity. In addition to 8 amino acids key to preS1 binding, 5 residues likely acted at a post-preS1 binding step of infection. We further found naturally-occurring single nucleotide polymorphism-associated F274C/S NTCP variants abolished viral receptor function, via the potential conformational changes in bile acid tunnel and outer-surface hollow, as analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations. Our domain-specific structural-functional map of NTCP defines the mechanism how NTCP’s dual functionality is separately regulated, and provides a framework for designing selective antiviral agents that preserve bile acid transport.
49. The role of sex education in withdrawal use: Prevalence and correlates among a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Instances of withdrawal, the practice of removing a penis from a vagina before ejaculation to prevent pregnancy, have increased in some US populations over the past two decades. There is a paucity of research, however, on the prevalence and correlates of withdrawal among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of withdrawal use in a representative sample of AYAs in the US, highlighting the association between receipt of informal sexuality education and withdrawal use. We analyzed cross-sectional National Survey of Family Growth data from AYAs surveyed between 2011 and 2019 (15-24 years; N = 14,262). Prevalence of withdrawal was determined using different sexual activity time-points (at first sex and ever) and reference periods (past 3 and 12 months). Logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of withdrawal alone and combined with at least one other method. Across all waves and reference periods, the prevalence of withdrawal was higher among AYAs who combined it with at least one other method (ever [overall]=15.15, SE = 0.58) compared with those who used it as the only method (ever [overall]=8.32, SE = 0.38). Compared to the 2011-2013 wave, those in the 2015-2017 wave had greater odds of reporting using only withdrawal in the past 3 months (AOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.21). The same trend was seen in those who used withdrawal with another method at last sex in the past 3 and 12 months. Withdrawal alone or combined with another method varied by receipt of informal sexuality education topics (e.g., methods of birth control vs STIs). Variations in use of withdrawal based on type of informal sexuality education received suggests that different motivations might inform interventions in promoting effective reproductive health practices.
50. A pilot effectiveness study of a just-in-time micro-randomized controlled trial on the physical activity and sedentary time of young children and their parents: The active family m-health intervention.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parents play a critical role in influencing their young children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST). Despite this, many young children (aged 3-4y) and their parents are insufficiently active and engage in high amounts of ST. M-health interventions targeting PA and ST have seldom been tested in this population. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of the Active Family m-health intervention on the PA and ST of young children and their parents. Twenty-five stay-at-home parent-child dyads from Canada took part in the 2-week just-in-time micro-randomized controlled trial. Parents received seven text message prompts per day, where they were randomized to receive either a micro-intervention (activity suggestion) or control (no suggestion). Parents and children wore ActiGraph accelerometers to measure ST, light [LPA], and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]. Parents also completed a short online acceptability survey. A centred and weighted least square regression was used to analyze the effect of activity suggestions on the 60-min ST, LPA, and MVPA of parents and children following suggestion randomization. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze acceptability survey responses. Micro-interventions were not effective at changing children’s or parent’s proximal ST (d = 0.01, p = .878; d = -0.09, p = .485, respectively), LPA (d = 0.03, p = .714; d = 0.03, p = .729, respectively), or MVPA (d = -0.05, p = .511; d = 0.10, p = .480, respectively). Interventions became more effective at increasing MVPA over time for parents (b = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.12, 0.83, p = .013). Among children, intervention effectiveness varied by contextual factors (e.g., weather). The intervention was largely acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for parents, though they did offer suggestions for improvement. Overall, micro-interventions did not significantly change parents or young children’s proximal movement. Though, this approach showed promise for increasing parent’s MVPA over time and for supporting children’s activity under specific conditions.
51. Mapping ActEarly: Using a child health map to evaluate a City Collaboratory programme on early promotion of good health and wellbeing.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Public health is increasingly being viewed as the result of numerous interrelated elements within intricate systems. A systems mapping approach highlights the potential direct and indirect impacts of public health programmes, the contexts within which they take place and the relations between the multiple factors at play. We report on an approach to evaluate the extent to which a city-wide programme of interventions, delivered in two locations to improve child health (ActEarly) provided activities across the child health system and addressed early-life core outcomes which were selected based on priorities identified by key stakeholders. Data from an ‘ActEarly project log’ and other information sources were used to gather a detailed picture of 68 projects that were delivered within the programme. We then used a matrix approach to map these activities against activities and outcomes from an existing child health map (CHM) of the determinants of child health inequalities and a project specific public health core outcome set (COS), developed by community and policy maker input, for systems-wide promotion of early life health and wellbeing. This was conducted alongside the creation of a new systems map and a network analysis to highlight how ActEarly operated across the children’s health system (scaled in proportion to the number of projects). The map showed substantial ActEarly activity across all six CHM domains (95/139 factors) with most projects targeting the service and governance domains. There was a focus on service/governance areas of the child health system, rather than individual behaviour change, which aligned with ActEarly’s objective of influencing structural barriers to health. Projects also mapped well onto 32 of the 35 outcomes across the COS domains, with the exception of Adult Obesity, Safety at Home, and Domestic Abuse. This suggests that ActEarly aligned well with the priority outcomes from local representatives, partners and community groups.
52. Hangry bees: Pollen dearth impacts honey bee (Apis mellifera) behavior and physiology.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nutritional deprivation is known to contribute to increased honey bee mortality, physiological stress, aberrant behaviors, and disease incidence. To investigate the effect of a realistic nutritional protein deficiency, we simulated a pollen dearth in half of our experimental colonies by robbing incoming foragers of their pollen loads, the primary source of dietary protein, at the colony entrance. We then conducted temperament assays on each colony weekly for pollen deprived and control counterparts. We also identified the plant species bees foraged from and took various physiological measures of honey bee nutritional status including gland size, lipid quantification, and gene expression to further investigate and explain our behavioral results. We found that colonies deprived of pollen reacted by becoming more defensive and that immature bees likely receive cues during rearing which prime their gene expression and behavior as adults, ultimately suggesting that environmental stress caused significant behavioral changes. Temperament is primarily associated with genotype in the literature, but there are environmental cues that are less acknowledged and still important as our study shows. As droughts become increasingly frequent and resource availability therefore changes over time, the impacts on behaviors of agricultural keystone species need additional consideration in order to form scientifically driven best management practices.
53. Viewing low back pain through the lens of spinal evolution: Understanding the morphology and limits of the human spine.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Low back pain remains a pervasive global health challenge, with significant disability and socio-economic burden. While contemporary biomechanical and occupational factors are well-studied, the role of human spinal evolution and its divergence from modern postural behaviors is less frequently examined. This study aims to visually explore and illustrate the historical evolution of human spinal posture through artistic representations, conceptually highlighting the potential biomechanical mismatch between our spine’s evolutionary adaptations and current lifestyle-driven postures. We conducted a qualitative visual analysis of human figures depicted in selected artworks from three distinct historical periods: the hunter-gatherer era, the agricultural transition, and the post-industrial age. Observed spinal postures were qualitatively compared to established biomechanical data on intradiscal pressure levels, derived from previous in-vivo studies. This comparison was used to illustrate potential physiological or pathological loading on the spine across different historical contexts. Our visual observations suggest a noticeable shift in depicted human postures over time. Figures from the hunter-gatherer period primarily exhibit upright, dynamic positions with an apparent absence of prolonged sitting or significant forward flexion. In contrast, artworks from agricultural and post-industrial societies frequently portray individuals in more flexed, static, and often ergonomically suboptimal postures, including prolonged sitting, bending, and heavy lifting with improper form. These observed postural trends visually align with positions independently associated with increased intradiscal pressures and greater spinal strain in biomechanical literature. This study visually traces the evolution of human spinal posture from the hunter-gatherer era to modern industrial life, highlighting a shift from dynamic, biomechanically healthy positions to static and suboptimal postures. These changes, reflected in historical art and linked to lifestyle transitions such as agriculture and industrialization, may underlie the rising prevalence of spinal disorders. The findings suggest that aligning modern practices with the spine’s evolutionary design could help prevent and manage spinal pathologies.
54. Development and evaluation of a modular smoke evacuator for surgical smoke control.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Surgical smoke generated during energy-based operations is a known hazard containing particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and biological debris, with insufficient adoption of commercial smoke evacuators due to cost and complexity. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective, modular and passive smoke evacuator and evaluate its efficacy in reducing PM and VOC levels during simulated laparoscopic procedures. A prototype smoke evacuator incorporating a distilled water bubbling trap, activated carbon filter, and ULPA filter was tested in a sealed chamber simulating laparoscopic surgery using porcine liver tissue. The system was connected to a laparoscopic port through a three-way valve, allowing manual, on-demand smoke evacuation without continuous suction. Air quality metrics, including PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, VOC, and CO₂, were measured continuously. Results were compared to baseline and performance benchmarks from commercial smoke evacuation systems. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests. The prototype evacuator reduced PM2.5 levels by >99.5% and VOC concentrations by >95% compared to no-evacuation control trials (p < 0.01). CO₂ concentrations returned to baseline following evacuation, indicating minimal disturbance of chamber atmosphere. PM2.5 and VOC levels were restored to near-baseline values. The developed modular passive smoke evacuator offers a promising and cost-effective solution to improve air quality and enhance occupational safety in operating rooms. The model represents an idealized simulation of laparoscopic smoke evacuation; further clinical validation in live surgical environments is warranted.
55. Feasibility of a randomized clinical trial comparing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid prenatal multivitamins in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.
期刊: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and folic acid (FA) in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. Pregnancy loss affects up to 15% of pregnancies, with over half of cases remaining unexplained. Emerging evidence suggests that folate metabolism, particularly in individuals carrying methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms such as C677T and A1298C variants, may influence reproductive outcomes. A double-blind, RCT feasibility trial was conducted in Australia with 22 reproductive dyads randomized to receive either 5-MTHF or FA prenatal multivitamins. Participants adhered to dietary restrictions, abstained from conception for two cycles, and completed regular assessments. Primary outcomes included feasibility, adherence, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy based on biochemical markers and pregnancy outcomes. The trial demonstrated high acceptability (86% in arm A [MTHF-A] and 94% in arm B [FA-B]) and adherence rates for supplement use over 78% in each arm. Unmetabolized FA concentration decreased in the 5-MTHF group but rose significantly in the FA group. A critical finding was the degradation of 5-MTHF in retained samples, highlighting formulation instability as a confounder. A fully online RCT comparing 5-MTHF and FA is feasible. Future trials should address formulation stability and expand sample size to evaluate clinical efficacy and personalized folate strategies.