公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-01-19)
共收录 54 篇研究文章
1. Global trends in hearing loss among the working-age population: a 30-year epidemiological analysis.
期刊: Annals of medicine 发表日期: 2026-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hearing loss (HL) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with a particularly severe impact on low- and middle-income countries and causing a huge economic burden. While child HL prevention exists, working-age adults (WAP) struggle to avoid occupational and environmental risks. Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, this study analyzed global HL prevalence trends in the WAP (1992-2021). Analyses included age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), estimated annual percentage change, and age-period-cohort (APC) modeling, stratified by gender, age, cause, severity, and Social Demographic Index (SDI). Global WAP HL prevalence significantly increased to 524 million in 2021 (a 56.9% increase since 1992), primarily due to population growth and aging. Age period cohort (APC) analysis revealed different patterns: as age increases, risk increases and cyclical effects generally increased (except in low SDI regions). The upward trend of birth cohorts in high to middle SDI countries was worrying. In addition, this study also observed that there was a gender difference in the prevalence trend of HL in WAP (male incidence rate was higher, but female growth was faster), and the patient population was gradually younger. Improved trends from 2017-2021 globally and regionally suggest a potential, albeit unexpected, positive influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on HL prevalence. The global HL burden in the WAP is large and uneven, necessitating targeted interventions focusing on modifiable risks and SDI disparities. Further research is essential to understand the trends observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to improve prevention strategies.
2. The Impact of Balance Solution on the Outcomes of Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.
期刊: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study investigates the impact of Balance solutions on the risks of technique failure, death, and the first episode of peritonitis in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. From the database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, patients with newly diagnosed end-stage kidney disease receiving PD for at least 90 days and treated with Balance solutions at the initiation of PD from 2009 to 2020 were identified. For each Balance solution user, 10 patients using conventional PD solutions, matched by the index year, were randomly selected as the control cohort. Risks of technique failure, death and the first episode of peritonitis were compared between the two cohorts by the end of 2021. Compared to the controls, the Balance solution users had an insignificant lower technique failure [156.3 vs. 172.0 per 1000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-1.08] and mortality (203.5 vs. 223.7 per 1000 person-years; adjusted HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.83-1.09). The incident first episode of peritonitis was insignificant higher for the Balance solution cohort (139.9 vs. 117.1 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted HR = 1.14 (95% CI = 0.94-1.37). However, the adjusted HR of the first peritonitis episode was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.02-1.49) using the time-dependent model. The use of Balance solution is associated with similar risks of technique failure and mortality, but probably an increased risk of the first episode of peritonitis, compared with the use of conventional solutions among incident PD patients. The conventional PD solution dialysate has an acidic pH and contains elevated GDPs. The Balance solution has a neutral pH and contains low GDP levels. Findings in previous studies about the impact of Balance solutions on clinical outcomes of PD patients are inconsistent. This study investigates the impact of Balance solutions on the risks of technique failure, death, and the first episode of peritonitis in incident PD patients. From the database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, patients with newly diagnosed end‐stage kidney disease receiving PD for at least 90 days and treated with Balance solutions at the initiation of PD from 2009 to 2020 were identified. For each Balance solution user, 10 patients using conventional PD solutions, matched by the index year, were randomly selected as the control cohort. Risks of death, technique failure, and the first episode of peritonitis were compared between the two cohorts by the end of 2021. The use of Balance solution is associated with similar risks of technique failure and mortality but probably an increased risk of the first episode of peritonitis compared with the use of conventional solutions in incident PD patients.
3. Neonatal Outcome Ascertainment in Mother-Infant Paired Claims.
期刊: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Claims data are a valuable source to study neonatal outcomes across a wide range of clinical questions. Infants’ delayed enrollment in infant insurance poses challenges in capture of neonatal outcomes, which may be charged to the maternal health plan, posing misclassification risks. We evaluated outcome ascertainment across three infant enrollment scenarios. We used Merative MarketScan databases (2012-2018) in the United States to construct a mother-infant linked cohort and assess the outcome ascertaiment precision with varying infant enrollment requirement. We found that allowing delayed infant enrollment in their own insurance within the first 4 weeks of life retained sample size, nearly doubled case numbers and yielded outcome prevalences similar to those of cohorts with full enrollment since birth. Use of maternal claims in addition to infant claims in this cohort made minor contributions to case capture for neonatal-specific outcomes, while significantly decreasing specificity of more general outcomes. Longer delays in enrollment yielded lower outcome prevalences with higher contributions of maternal claims even for neonatal-specific outcomes. For small for gestational age (SGA), both maternal and infant claims contributed similar proportions of cases. These findings inform strategies for outcome ascertainment in claims-based perinatal research and emphasize outcome-specific case ascertainment strategies to balance sensitivity and specificity.
4. Engaging in long-term, home-based, virtual cycling for persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study.
期刊: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
There is a growing interest in home-based exercise for persons living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but little is known about how they experience engaging in such interventions over time. This qualitative study explores how persons with COPD perceive and make sense of engaging in a long-term, home-based, virtual cycling intervention following hospitalisation due to exacerbation of COPD. Eleven participants with moderate to severe COPD, who had taken part in the intervention, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were analysed through a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, involving multiple researchers in the interpretive process to ensure rigour. The analysis revealed three themes: (1) Making sense of exercise-Beliefs, habits, and personal preferences, (2) Doing what you can-Physical resources, timing, and disruption, (3) Alone but not lonely-Social presence and importance. We found that the participants’ engagement was shaped by a multitude of factors. While many participants found home-based, virtual cycling enjoyable, accessible, and meaningful, others faced challenges such as lack of structure, technical difficulties, and fluctuating health. Engagement was not fixed, but shaped dynamically by individual, social, and practical circumstances. These findings show that long-term, home-based, virtual cycling can be a motivating and relevant form of exercise for persons with COPD, especially the more affected. However, to sustain engagement, ongoing support and attention to individual barriers are essential. This study found that long-term, home-based virtual cycling can be a motivating form of exercise for persons with COPD.Clinicians should consider incorporating virtual cycling into rehabilitation programs, especially for persons with mobility issues or access limitations.Success depended highly on addressing individual barriers, such as fluctuating health, lack of structure, and technical challenges which should be taken into consideration.Ongoing support and tailored guidance are crucial to sustain engagement. Our findings suggest that virtual home-based interventions can offer flexible, socially connected, and meaningful exercise options for persons with chronic respiratory conditions as a viable compliment or alternative to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation.
5. Adherence to physical activity during the first trimester of pregnancy: a study from Southern Italy.
期刊: Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although international recommendations strongly support regular physical activity during pregnancy due to the improved maternal and fetal outcomes, adherence to physical activity remains low, particularly in early gestation. Understanding activity patterns during the first trimester is crucial, as behaviors established in this phase often persist throughout pregnancy. To describe physical activity levels and adherence to international recommendations among low-risk pregnant women in the first trimester, using the Italian version of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). This cross-sectional observational study includes 498 low-risk singleton pregnant women between 11+3 and 13+6 weeks’ gestation, recruited at the University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Italy, between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants completed the Italian version of the PPAQ. Total energy expenditure was expressed in MET-h/week, and women were classified as exercisers (≥ 150 mines/week of moderate-intensity activity) or non-exercisers. Participants reported a median of 11.5 (IQR 8.2-15.0) h/week of total activity, corresponding to 155.7 (102.6-241.7) METs-h/week. While 51% met the threshold of ≥ 150 min/week of moderate-intensity activity when considering all activity domains, only 7.8% reached this target through sport or structured exercise alone. Walking represented the most common exercise (64.1% slow, 46.2% brisk, 25.6% uphill). Employment status was significantly associated with higher adherence to recommendations, whereas other sociodemographic factors showed no significant differences. Structured exercise should be improved in the daily routine to optimize maternal and fetal health, although activity levels may appear adequate. Adherence to physical activity recommendations could be promoted by integrating validated tools such as the PPAQ into routine prenatal care and targeted interventions.
6. Comparison of laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) and open herniotomy (OH) in pediatric inguinal hernia: a retrospective cohort study on operative time and complications.
期刊: Pediatric surgery international 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Laparoscopic surgery is widely used for pediatric inguinal hernia repair, but evidence from resource-limited settings remains scarce. This study compared outcomes of open herniotomy (OH) and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) in a regional Thai hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of children who underwent OH or LPEC between January 2018 and January 2024. A one-to-one propensity score-matched cohort was created based on age and sex. Outcomes included operative time, anesthetic time, and complications. Univariable and multivariable linear regression identified factors influencing operative and anesthetic time. Among 358 operations, 118 matched pairs (236 patients) were analyzed. Median operative time was longer for unilateral LPEC (30 vs. 25 min, p < 0.001) but shorter for bilateral cases (35 vs. 45 min, p = 0.027). Anesthetic time was longer in unilateral LPEC (70 vs. 55 min, p < 0.001) with no difference for bilateral repairs. Multivariable analysis showed LPEC added 4.3 min (95% CI: 0.8-7.9) to operative time after adjusting for confounders. Complication (OH 15.0% vs. LPEC 13.5%) and recurrence rates (1.2% vs. 1.1%) were similar. Metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) occurred only in OH (13.4%), whereas CPPV was detected in 38.6% of unilateral LPEC cases (NNT = 9). LPEC is safe, prevents MCIH, and should be considered a first-line option when available.
7. Rhein Prevents APAP-induced drug-induced Liver Injury by Upregulating Nrf2 and Inhibiting APAP-activating Enzymes.
期刊: Cell biochemistry and biophysics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
8. Technical note: contour plot visualization of the light adapted electroretinogram using a generalized additive model.
期刊: Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
To describe a new method to visualize the amplitude profile of light adapted ERGs as a series of contour plots in response to a Flash Strength series. Light adapted ERGs from a dataset of n = 88 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and n = 70 typically developing Control participants were used incorporating 10 flash strengths ranging from 12 to 446 Troland seconds (Td.s). The region chosen for analysis included the baseline, a-wave and ascending limb of the b-wave and included n = 1736 control and n = 1300 ASD waveforms. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) with complexity penalized tensor product splines was applied to the waveform intervals. Contour plots derived from the ASD and Control groups revealed a pattern of reduced amplitude in the ascending limb of the b-wave for the ASD group. Representative responses were derived from the GAM model for discrete Flash Strengths to exemplify the changing profile of the ERG waveform. A contour plot of the derived z-scores provided a qualitative evaluation of the differences in the mean amplitudes which was concentrated on the b-wave. The production of contour plots based on amplitude, time and Flash Strength with minimal a priori assumptions provide an additional approach to analyzing stimulus response data series and may support clinical applications. Additionally, the GAM-based methodology provides a tool for simultaneous investigation of the amplitude changes over time and Flash Strength which can be useful for theoretical purposes.
9. Biotransformation of monoterpenols upon pre-treatment with oregano essential oil vapour alleviates downy mildew susceptibility in grapevine leaves.
期刊: Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is a destructive disease that causes major economic losses as most elite grapevine cultivars are susceptible to this pathogen. As most crop protection strategies rely on synthetic pesticides that pose a threat to the environment and public health, alternative disease control methods are sought after. One such method involves the use of plant-derived essential oils (EOs). Previous studies on pre-treatment of grapevine with oregano EO vapour reported promising results in downy mildew management. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether and how specialized metabolism is involved in the observed alleviation of downy mildew susceptibility. Grapevine individuals of a susceptible cultivar were pre-treated with oregano EO vapour for 24 h, after which the plants were inoculated with P. viticola. The effect of this pre-treatment on P. viticola infection in grapevine leaves was analysed by untargeted chemical profiling using LC-MS. Metabolite extracts were prepared from leaves harvested after pre-treatment, and at early (12 h) and late (216 h) timepoints after inoculation with P. viticola. After pre-treatment, monoterpenol disaccharides putatively annotated as dihexosides of (hydroxylated) aromatic (e.g. carvacrol/thymol) and aliphatic (e.g. terpeneol isomers) monoterpenols were detected by LC-MS/MS. These monoterpene(di)ol glycosides positively correlated with reduced disease severity in grapevine leaves 216 h after inoculation. Aromatic monoterpenols are major constituents of oregano EO, and their putative detection as aglycons suggests that monoterpenols emitted from oregano EO are biotransformed and thereafter stored as glycosides in grapevine leaves, which may negatively affect P. viticola proliferation. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of oregano EO as a tool for crop protection in the management of downy mildew proliferation in the susceptible grapevine cultivar ‘Müller-Thurgau’.
10. Measuring Intimate Partner Violence in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: A COSMIN Psychometric Review.
期刊: Trauma, violence & abuse 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public and mental health concern, yet much of its research and measurement have been developed through a cisgender, heterosexual lens. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations experience IPV at rates equal to or higher than their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts and experience unique forms of abuse, including identity-based and transphobia-driven violence. However, the lack of IPV measures validated for SGM populations raises concerns about the accuracy and inclusivity of existing tools, contributing to inconsistent prevalence estimates. This study presents a two-tiered review of self-report IPV measures for SGM populations. Tier 1 evaluated psychometric properties of scales using COnsensus-based Standards for selecting health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), while Tier 2 examined the broader application of IPV measures in empirical research. Eligible studies were original, English-language research measuring IPV in SGM populations, scale development or validation (Tier 1) or reported a reliability statistic (Tier 2). A systematic search identified 9 scale development/validation studies and 72 studies using IPV scales. Notably, SGM-specific measures remain underutilized, with most studies continuing to rely on heterocentric measures. Structural validity and internal consistency were adequate across scales, but evidence for content validity, cross-cultural validity, reliability, and hypothesis-testing was often limited or indeterminate, with no measure achieving full COSMIN recommendations. While several promising SGM-specific IPV tools exist, further refinement, validation, and development of a set of consensus-driven gold standard measures are needed to support accurate assessment, prevalence estimates, and effective interventions for IPV in SGM populations.
11. Work stress and perceived memory: longitudinal insights from the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models.
期刊: Memory (Hove, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Two psychosocial work models, job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), have been studied in relation to health and cognition, but to a limited extent with subjective memory. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal associations of JDC and ERI with changes in subjective memory among United States (U.S.) workers from the population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Among 1,538 U.S. workers, generalised estimating equations analyzed associations of independent and joint JDC and ERI categorizations at baseline (2004-2006) with changes in subjective memory composite scores from baseline to follow-up (2013-2014). Multivariable modelling accounted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, health, and psychosocial work factors. In the fully adjusted models, high job control (regression coefficient: 0.151 [95% CI 0.038, 0.264], p = 0.0088), “high demand and high control” (0.164 [0.015, 0.312], p = 0.0313), high reward (0.289 [0.174, 0.405], p < .0001), “low effort and high reward” (0.288 [0.130, 0.446], p = 0.0004), and “high effort and high reward” (0.288 [0.128, 0.448], p = 0.0004) were associated with increased subjective memory. Work-related control and reward were positively associated with subjective memory changes across nine years among a U.S. worker cohort. Future research may support workplace environment improvements to promote cognitive health.
12. Competence to Consent and Willingness to Participate in Behavioral Trials Among a Mixed HIV Serostatus Sample of Young Gay and Bisexual Men Who Use Stimulants: A Mixed-Methods Study.
期刊: Substance use & misuse 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite elevated need, young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) who use stimulants are underrepresented in research. Consent processes are essential for human subjects’ protection, yet shortcomings in consent practices and their role in willingness to participate in research have been underexplored. Between July 2024 and January 2025, we enrolled 115 YGBM who use stimulants and are at risk for HIV transmission/acquisition in an online survey assessing willingness to participate and competence to consent to participation in a hypothetical risk reduction trial. We used a mixed-methods approach to examine factors associated with willingness to participate in the hypothetical trial and consent competence and identify motivations to trial participations and shortcomings in competence to consent. Participants’ mean age was 21.83 years and 53.1% identified as white. Most participants (76.8%) expressed willingness to participate in the hypothetical trial, driven by personal interest in research, altruism, and compensation. Barriers to participation included scheduling challenges and study risks, including confidentiality concerns. Willingness to participate was higher among younger individuals and those experiencing recent food insecurity (p < 0.05). Participants expressed inadequate comprehension of the experimental design of the trial and therapeutic misconception (i.e., the belief that the trial was primarily designed to benefit their health). Competence to consent was positively associated with health literacy and negatively associated with sensation seeking. When designing recruitment and retention strategies, researchers should help YGBM identify and navigate potential barriers to participation. Future studies should explore informed consent interventions that enhance participants’ understanding of trial information.
13. Abortion and Infant Mortality: Termination Does Not Prevent Death.
期刊: The New bioethics : a multidisciplinary journal of biotechnology and the body 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Alison Gemmill et al. claim that infant mortality in Texas increased following its 2021 abortion restrictions, and several sources reported that abortion restrictions harm infants. This is misleading. Gemmill et al.’s findings show that infant deaths increased primarily because abortion for “congenital anomalies” decreased, and a subset of those subjects died in infancy. In other words, infant mortality rose because fetal mortality fell. By analogy, one can reduce teenage deaths by causing deaths before age thirteen, but this does not save lives. Likewise, abortion restrictions may lead to more infants dying (since fewer subjects are aborted), but this does not imply that abortion restrictions harm infants. The opposite seems true. We argue that it is reasonable to regard Texas’s abortion restrictions as a net benefit for infants. We also highlight ableist assumptions surrounding Gemmill et al.’s study and call for bipartisan efforts to support people with disabilities and their families.
14. Contesting the Policy Proposal to Raise the Statutory Retirement Age in an Online Community of Mainly Young Users.
期刊: Journal of aging & social policy 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
China’s September 2024 proposal to raise the statutory retirement age prompted online debate over its implications. This study examines how the policy proposal was discussed and framed on Zhihu, a Chinese question-and-answer online community primarily composed of young users (a relevant but underexamined group whose contributions to the pension system and perspectives may shape policy legitimacy and feasibility). 1298 posts were collected over the six days following the proposal announcement and analyzed using thematic and framing analysis. Five key themes emerged from the posts: barriers to extending working life (e.g. ageism), reduced autonomy in everyday life (e.g. unmet family caregiving duties), structural disparities in pension schemes (e.g. occupation- and gender-based differences), rationales for the policy proposal, and intergenerational tensions. Five frames were identified: risk, inequality, compromised well-being, conflict, and opportunity. The findings suggest that the online discourse is predominantly critical and grievance-laden and is intertwined with broader societal and institutional issues. Multiple coexisting frames articulate the diverse experiences and structural conditions of different social groups across age, gender, occupation, and other intersecting identities. The findings suggest that policymakers in labor, health, and social welfare should engage more cautiously with issues raised within the online community, particularly concerns about structural inequalities and disadvantages affecting different social groups.
15. Real time, on-site drug checking in low-threshold housing communities.
期刊: Harm reduction journal 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
In recent years, Boston has attempted to increase housing options and reduce overdose risk through the implementation of harm reduction housing (HRH) sites. Despite numerous harm reduction resources available to HRH residents, drug checking services are absent. Studies suggest that drug checking may prevent negative experiences associated with unexpected adulterants. Drug checking offers a window into concerning supply shiftsand helps monitor disruptions in the supply due to environmental changes, such as encampment clearings. Few studies have explored drug checking’s application in housing programs. The establishment of the Massachusetts Drug Supply Data Stream, a statewide community drug checking program, allowed us to pilot real-time drug checking at HRH sites. From September 2023 to February 2024, we administered surveys to 106 HRH residents. From September 2023 to March 2025, we conducted longitudinal interviews (baseline, 3-month, 6-month) with a subset of 28 survey respondents. In response to drug supply shifts and resident demand, starting on May 20, 2024, we implemented real-time drug checking services at three HRH sites located in Boston. Residents were asked to provide approximately 5 mg of their remnant substance in order to receive immediate test results using FTIR spectroscopy and immunoassay test strips. Survey responses pertaining to drug checking provision and real-time, on-site drug checking sample results were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics. Longitudinal interviews and field notes collected during real-time, on-site service provision were analyzed to further contextualize resident experiences. Resident engagement with drug checking services was considerable, with fifty-five drug samples collected across nine site visits over three months. The services generated an increase in xylazine awareness among residents and provided chances to address concerns about the changing drug market amid heavy policing. Engagement with residents confirmed the need for on-site drug checking alongside other provided harm reduction services, and a consensus vocalized concerns with the local drug supply. Real-time, on-site drug checking in low-barrier housing programs is a promising harm reduction approach for detecting shifts in the drug supply and can complement transitional housing interventions. Residents engage with these services with the intention of intervening upon personal, community, and market-level norms.
16. Health Literacy by Hispanic Ethnicity and its Association with Healthcare Experiences, Self-rated Health, and Quality of Life.
期刊: Journal of immigrant and minority health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
17. Applying thermal therapy: Comparison of different commercially available heating devices to increase muscle temperature.
期刊: Experimental physiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although various medical devices are available for the purpose of heat therapy, their effect on muscle temperature remains unclear. This study compared the effects of a water-perfused suit (WPS), short-wave diathermy (SWD) and hot-water immersion (HWI) on muscle, core and skin temperatures, along with perceived thermal discomfort. Ten healthy volunteers (four males and six females) were exposed to WPS, SWD or HWI for 1 h on three occasions, separated by 3-7 days, in a counterbalanced order. Muscle temperature increased with all devices (P < 0.0001, partial η2 = 0.55) but was lower after WPS in comparison to both SWD (P = 0.00656) and HWI (P = 0.00949). Core temperature was higher with HWI than with WPS (P ≤ 0.0104) and SWD (P ≤ 0.0213) from 20 min onwards. Although the average skin temperature over the thigh was lower with SWD than with HWI (P = 0.007, -1.2 [-2.0; -0.4]°C), the maximal local skin temperature was higher with SWD than with HWI (P = 0.0153, -0.7 [-1.4; -0.2]°C). Thermal discomfort was higher during HWI than during WPS (P ≤ 0.0159) and SWD (P ≤ 0.0130). In conclusion, only SWD and HWI increased muscle temperatures. SWD was able to increase local muscle temperatures comfortably, but the effects were localized. HWI can increase both peripheral and central temperatures easily, but the associated increases in core temperature might lead to hyperthermia-induced discomfort.
18. Functionalized silver nanoparticles enable efficient mercury removal and toxicity reduction toward microalgae.
期刊: Nanotoxicology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Water pollution, caused by human activities, is a major environmental and health concern. Among heavy metal pollutants, mercury (Hg) is recognized as one of the most persistent and bioaccumulative, while being also highly toxic for human health. Heavy metal removal from water presents significant challenges, and nanotechnology provides a promising solution through cost-effective, efficient, and reusable adsorption or immobilization. Silver nanoparticles functionalized with citrate and L-cysteine (AgNPcitLcys) have been specifically designed to remove Hg ions from water along with a negligible ecotoxicological impact to aquatic life. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of Hg removal from water by AgNPcitLcys through and ecotoxicity approach using the freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the marine water microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta. AgNPcitLcys showed low ecotoxicity to both microalgae, even though at high concentrations (10 mg/L) D. tertiolecta suffered a 40% inhibition of growth. Hg removal was highly efficient in marine water medium (99.26%) compared to freshwater (63.07%), regardless of the concentration of Hg. Despite removal in both media, Hg toxicity was successfully reduced by AgNPcitLcys only for D. tertiolecta. AgNPcitLcys showed to successfully work in a complex aquatic medium such as seawater, confirming their potentiality to be applied in real scenarios of water pollution by Hg. Silver nanoparticles designed as sensors and adsorbents for Hg in contaminated watersHg toxicity to microalgae is successfully reduced upon silver nanoparticles treatmentSilver nanoparticles with citrate and L-cysteine show low ecotoxicity to microalgaeChemical analyses further confirm the efficacy of Hg removal by Silver nanoparticles.
19. The role of transposable elements activity in genomic instability and their relationship to aging process.
期刊: Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences capable of self-replication (especially retrotransposons) within the genome, which may lead to various forms of DNA damage. The introduction of this review encompasses the diverse classes and subclasses of TEs, particularly emphasizing the most active TEs present in the human genome. An analysis of the retrotransposition process of TEs is presented, illustrating how this mechanism can result in DNA damage and gene rearrangements. Furthermore, the review meticulously examines the implications of TE insertions on gene expression and genomic organization, which may contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer. The relationship between TE activation and the aging process is also explored, with an emphasis on that epigenetic modifications associated with aging can lead to the derepression of TEs, thereby promoting genomic instability and inflammation. These factors may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Finally, the review considers potential therapeutic approaches aimed at targeting TE activity to alleviate the impacts of aging and associated diseases.
20. Long non-coding RNAs and therapeutic resistance in multiple myeloma: from molecular insights to clinical applications.
期刊: Clinical and experimental medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite advances in therapy, resistance remains a significant obstacle to curing the disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a broad family of regulatory RNA molecules, have recently been recognized as important players in MM biology, influencing disease progression and treatment response. This review explores current insights into the diverse roles of lncRNAs in MM, focusing on their involvement in key molecular processes, including miRNA sponging, epigenetic regulation, apoptosis, and interactions with signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and STAT3. Additionally, the review evaluates emerging treatment strategies targeting lncRNAs, including RNA-based therapeutics, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and exosome-mediated delivery systems, assessing their potential to overcome drug resistance and improve clinical outcomes. By integrating molecular research with clinical implications, this review emphasizes the promise of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in MM and offers a framework for future research and development.
21. γ-Radiation induces region-specific subcellular alterations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia markers in swine brain.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Low-dose radiation (LDR) effects on the brain have been poorly investigated. Studies have also questioned whether radiation increases ALS risk. We assessed the expression levels of a series of proteins associated with ALS and ALS-FTD in the brains of swine exposed to low-dose radiation to explore this notion. Male Gottingen minipigs were exposed to a single total-body γ-radiation (1.79 Gy). After 28 days, brains from 9 RAD to 6 SH animals were collected. Using neuroanatomically based dissection and Western Blotting, we compared levels of ALS/ALS-FTD markers (SOD1, FUS/TLS, C9orf72, STMN2, ubiquitin, TDP43 (N and C terminal), and pTDP43) in RAD vs. SH animals in frontal cortex (FCtx), striatum (Str), hippocampus (Hip), thalamus/hypothalamus (Thal/Hyp), and cerebellum (Cere). Cytosolic FUS/TLS decreased in the Thal/Hyp and remained unchanged in all other regions; nuclear levels increased in the FCtx and decreased in the Hip of RAD vs. SH. Cytosolic C9orf72 remained unchanged across all brain regions; nuclear levels decreased in the Hip of RAD vs. SH. Cytosolic STMN2 remained unchanged in all brain regions and decreased in the nuclear fraction of the Hip of RAD vs. SH. Cytosolic and nuclear ubiquitin remained unchanged across brain regions, except for an increase in the FCtx. TDP-43 (N and C terminal) levels remained unchanged in cytosolic and nuclear fractions across all brain regions; finally, cytosolic pTDP43 (S403/404) increased in the FCtx, Str and Thal/Hyp of RAD vs. SH. LDR-induced ALS/ALS-FTD-marker changes differ across brain regions and subcellular compartments. These changes are not necessarily associated with increased activation or potentiation of the main molecular processes associated with ALS pathogenesis; surprisingly, they may produce beneficial effects.
22. Enhancing adoption of patient safety culture assessments in Brazil: a strategy informed by CFIR and ERIC.
期刊: Implementation science communications 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Regular assessments of Patient Safety Culture (PSC) are recommended by the World Health Organization to strengthen healthcare systems. In Brazil, despite national campaigns, hospital adherence to PSC assessments has remained low. This study aimed to design a tailored implementation strategy to improve the uptake of PSC assessments in Brazilian hospitals, addressing the key barriers faced in previous national efforts. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study in three phases. First, a qualitative survey with 82 patient safety center coordinators identified perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing PSC assessments. Then, a quantitative survey with 297 coordinators prioritized the most relevant barriers. Finally, we used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) to guide the design of a tailored implementation strategy aligned with the prioritized barriers. The main barriers included insufficient dissemination of PSC assessments, lack of training for staff, resistance to completing the survey, the excessive length of the questionnaire, and technical limitations of the data collection platform. The co-design implementation strategy includes 16 actions such as improving communication, offering training, adapting the technology platform, and revising roles and responsibilities within hospitals. These actions were aligned with the identified barriers and aim to enhance organizational readiness, reduce complexity, and promote engagement. Our findings highlight critical factors limiting the adoption of PSC assessments in Brazil and offer a data-driven, context-sensitive implementation strategy to overcome them. These results provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, healthcare managers, and regulators aiming to strengthen patient safety culture in large-scale, resource-constrained health systems.
23. Process evaluation of an integrated community-based intervention to improve family planning, sexual reproductive Health, and wellbeing among Syrian refugee women and girls in Lebanon during active conflict.
期刊: Conflict and health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Evidence-based therapist guided introduction to online heavy cannabis use treatment in Canadian adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
期刊: Journal of cannabis research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Many people who engage in heavy cannabis use do not seek treatment, and those who do are often met with long treatment wait times or high cost of services. Online treatment programs reduce barriers to accessing treatment in a timely manner. Online cannabis use treatment programs are effective, showing moderate effect sizes, particularly with text-based therapist support. Literature suggests brief therapist-guided introductions (i.e., self-completed interventions offered with the support of a therapist) informed by Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) may help to bolster and maintain program gains. The current evaluation of MET-informed therapist-guided introduction was conducted with a sample of Canadians who report heavy cannabis use, using a new Canadian version of CANreduce, an online treatment program for heavy cannabis use. The intervention was pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov for traceability (ID: NCT04965012). Participants (N = 152) were randomized into one of three conditions: MET-therapist guided introduction plus 6-week, online, self-guided treatment program; non-MET research assistant introduction plus 6-week, online, self-guided treatment program; or a psychoeducational control condition. Module content to reduce cannabis use was informed by cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing approaches. Participants completed assessments at baseline, end of treatment (i.e., 6 weeks), and at follow up (i.e., 10 weeks). Data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations. All participants reduced their cannabis consumption frequency (use days in the past week), as well as cannabis-related problems, at end of treatment and follow up. Participants in the MET-therapist condition showed significantly greater reductions in quantity of cannabis used over time compared to the waitlist control. Participants in the non-MET research assistant condition showed significantly greater reductions in cannabis problems compared to waitlist control. There were no significant differences between MET-therapist guided conditions and non-MET research assistant conditions. There was no significant effect of condition on cannabis consumption days in the past week, anxiety, depression or quality of life. The present study provides preliminary support for the CANreduce program in addition to the MET-therapist guided introduction.
25. Thirty-one-year trends in diarrheal mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to lack of handwashing facilities.
期刊: Tropical medicine and health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Diarrheal diseases remain a major global public health challenge. Hand hygiene is one of the most cost-effective interventions for preventing the transmission of diarrheal diseases. However, billions of people around the world still lack access to soap and handwashing facilities. Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we quantified the burden of diarrhea attributable to a lack of access to handwashing facilities across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs), stratified by age, sex, Sociodemographic Index (SDI), and GBD region. Long-term trends were analyzed using age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Potential non-linear associations were explored through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression. Globally, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) from diarrhea attributable to the lack of handwashing facilities declined from 14.20 (2.10-26.04) to 3.04 (0.42-5.64) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2021, with an average annual decrease of 4.89% (4.64 to 5.14). During the same period, the DALY rate decreased by 76.6%, the YLL rate by 77.9%, and the YLD rate by 32.0%. In 2021, West and East Africa remained high-burden regions, with DALY rates exceeding 600 per 100,000. South Asia recorded the largest absolute number of deaths, with nearly 90,000 fatalities. Countries with low SDI exhibited an ASDR of 17.8 (2.51-33.44) per 100,000, approximately 60 times higher than that of high-SDI countries. Mortality risk was highest among boys under five, and the absolute number of deaths increased among adults aged ≥ 70 years. YLDs were consistently higher in females than in males. Projections suggest continued declines in burden through 2035, although at a slower pace, especially in low-SDI settings. Although global diarrhea burdens tied to unavailable handwashing facilities have declined markedly since 1990, stark inequities persist across regions, age groups and development levels. Sustained expansion of WASH infrastructure, targeted hygiene promotion and strengthened surveillance are essential to accelerate progress toward zero preventable diarrheal deaths and universal health coverage.
26. Effects of a music-visual guided physical activity promotion program for adults with intellectual disability in supported care settings: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Health and social inequities among cisgender gay and bisexual men in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study using a large-scale web-based survey.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
28. The mechanism of physical exercise and adolescent short-form video app addiction: the chain mediating role of autonomous motivation and mental health literacy.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
In the digital era, excessive use of short-form video applications (Apps) can exert numerous negative effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents. Physical exercise not only benefits physical health but also enhances intrinsic motivation levels and psychological regulation abilities. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between Physical Exercise and Short-form Video App Addiction, as well as the mediating roles of Autonomous Motivation and Mental Health Literacy in the relationship between physical exercise and short-form video app addiction. This study employed a combination of convenience sampling and stratified sampling to conduct a cross-sectional survey among 644 junior and senior high school students. The cross-sectional nature of the data limits causal inference. Measurements included the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Autonomous Motivation Scale, Mental Health Literacy Scale, and Short-form Video App Addiction Scale. Data analysis was performed using AMOS 24, SPSS 27.0, and PROCESS 4.1 for reliability and validity assessment, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. (1) Physical exercise showed a statistically significant negative correlation with adolescent short-form video app addiction; (2) Both autonomous motivation and mental health literacy independently mediated the relationship between physical exercise and adolescent short-form video App addiction; (3) Autonomous motivation and mental health literacy played a chain mediating role between physical exercise and adolescent short-form video App addiction. Physical exercise is negatively associated with adolescent short-form video app addiction, while also positively associated with autonomous motivation and mental health literacy. High levels of autonomous motivation and mental health literacy are associated with lower levels of short-form video app addiction. Based on these association patterns, we suggest that schools and families, in holistic practices promoting adolescent health development, should emphasize the integration of physical exercise, autonomous motivation development, and mental health literacy enhancement. This comprehensive health promotion approach may provide a reference for future research exploring how to promote healthy digital media use habits among adolescents. It should be noted that the directionality of the aforementioned associations and their potential intervention effects still require further validation through longitudinal tracking or experimental studies.
29. COVID-19 infection during the Omicron wave changed carotid structure compared with uninfected controls: a longitudinal study.
期刊: BMC medical imaging 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
30. Combined effects of physical activity and diabetes medications on glycemic control: a real-world data study.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Monitoring and modeling population health is essential for understanding the impact of lifestyle behaviors and pharmacologic therapies on chronic disease management. In this study, we used a nationwide Japanese health insurance claims and health checkup database to investigate the associations between physical activity and glycemic control among 24,830 treatment-naïve adults with type 2 diabetes receiving DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, or metformin. The odds of achieving hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6.5% at follow-up were assessed according to physical activity status, determined using standardized questionnaires. In this real-world population, physically active individuals had higher odds of achieving glycemic control than sedentary individuals among those treated with DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2 inhibitors, whereas no statistically significant association was observed among those treated with metformin. These findings support the potential value of integrating physical activity with pharmacologic therapy in type 2 diabetes management in real-world clinical settings.
31. Human-wildlife conflict and its impacts on livelihoods, health, and the environment in Chebera Churchura National Park, Southwest Ethiopia: a phenomenological study using a One Health approach with an urgent call for action.
期刊: One health outlook 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
32. Preclinical development of a cross-protective β-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with MF59.
期刊: NPJ vaccines 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Whilst COVID vaccines proved to be effective in preventing severe COVID disease, they failed to control the emergence of variant viruses and antibody responses waned quickly. We report the findings of a recombinant β-SARS-CoV-2 variant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine composed of the viral spike (S), membrane (M) and envelope (E) proteins produced in Vero cell factories. The β-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine formulated with Addavax or MF59 produced strong antibody and CD4 + T cell responses and was protective in mice against pulmonary infection with Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variant viruses. Multiplex RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition assay was performed as a surrogate virus neutralisation test and revealed immune sera from immunised mice produced low-titre broad-inhibitory anti-RBD-ACE2 antibodies (sNAb) to Alpha, Delta, Beta, Gamma, Mu, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5 and XBB1.5. However, microneutralisation assays did not show the presence of sNAb. The β-SARS-CoV-2 VLP is strongly immunogenic producing broad antibody and T cell responses and is protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses.
33. Association between temperature and global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease.
期刊: Journal of health, population, and nutrition 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
There is a growing interest in the relationship between the global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and climate change. However, the precise relationship between long-term temperature change and IBD incidence on a global scale remains unclear. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data set was employed, which comprises the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of IBD from 1990 to 2021. The temperature change index was defined as the 32-year mean temperature combined with the metric of maximum temperature variability. A general linear mixed-effects regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between temperature variability and ASIR of IBD. Furthermore, we projected future changes in the incidence of associated IBD under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP: 126, 245, 370 and 585) for the period between 2020 and 2100. Maximum temperature variability increased approximately threefold over the 32-year period from 1990 to 2021. We found that for each 1 °C increase in maximum temperature variability, the risk of IBD increases by 12.1%. Compared to the low-emissions scenario (SSP 126), we predict that global IBD incidence rates will change four times faster under the high-emissions climate change scenario (SSP 585) than under the low-emissions scenario (SSP 126) by 2100. Our study suggested an association between global temperature variability and IBD incidence. Acknowledging the constraints of ecological data, this observed relationship indicates a need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms and confirms the importance of considering climate change in the context of chronic disease prevention.
34. Weight-independent effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on metabolomic profiles: secondary outcomes of a 5-month randomized controlled feeding trial.
期刊: Nature communications 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Diet plays a crucial role in health, with low-carbohydrate diets often proposed to exert metabolic benefits. We aim to investigate metabolomic adaptations in 164 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomly assigned to high- (n = 54), moderate- (n = 53), or low-carbohydrate (n = 57) diets during a 20-week weight-loss maintenance phase of the Framingham State Food Study [(FS)2], a controlled, parallel feeding trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02068885). We measure fasting plasma metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using samples from 147 participants who completed the study (n = 45, 48, and 54 in the high-, moderate-, and low-carbohydrate diet groups, respectively). Significant associations (False Discovery Rate<0.05) are identified between carbohydrate-to-fat ratio (CFR) and diet-induced changes in 148 of 479 metabolites at 20 weeks, with nearly all showing consistent trends at 10 and 20 weeks. Phosphatidylcholines plasmanyls/plasmalogens, phosphatidylethanolamines plasmanyls/plasmalogens, and sphingomyelins generally decrease with higher CFR, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, and triglycerides generally increase. Our findings are largely reproducible in an independent feeding trial involving diets with similar CFR (Popular Diets Study, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00315354). Eleven triglyceride species (≤3 double bonds), linked to type 2 diabetes risk, increase with higher CFR. Our findings demonstrate metabolomic changes caused by varying CFR dietary patterns, offering potential insights into mechanisms that could guide targeted dietary intervention strategies.
35. Preventing bloodstream infections through effective surveillance, AUDIT and FEEDBACK: evaluation of a 20-year hospital program using a TYPE I hybrid design.
期刊: Antimicrobial resistance and infection control 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality, with a significant portion being preventable. Despite this, BSIs remain common, particularly in Australian hospitals. Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH) in Queensland has implemented a surveillance program that focuses on the preventability of BSIs, with continuous loop, real-time audit-feedback to teach clinicians about preventable factors and possible actions. This study evaluated the program’s implementation and impact on reducing infections. A Type I hybrid implementation-effectiveness design was used, combining interrupted time series analysis of BSI data from 2002 to 2023 and focus group discussions with the Infection Management Service team members and ward-based clinicians. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the impact of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) prevention initiative introduced in November 2011. Statistical analysis employed segmented regression using negative binomial regression with robust standard errors. Focus group data were analysed via the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The intervention resulted in an immediate, but non-significant, reduction in SAB monthly rates (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.839, 95% CI: 0.653-1.078), and a declining trend in monthly rates was also noted postintervention (IRR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996-1.000). Focus group feedback identified enablers, including effective collaboration and challenges such as needing to address inconsistent documentation and differing perceptions of the program’s intent. The program’s focus on preventability was associated with a reduction in SAB rates and a sustained downward trend over time. While these changes did not reach conventional thresholds for statistical significance, the magnitude and direction of effects, together with qualitative feedback on improved collaboration and targeted prevention strategies, indicate potential for broader application.
36. Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of human brucellosis in Northern Xinjiang, China (2015-2023).
期刊: Tropical medicine and health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Brucellosis has long been a major public health concern in western pastoral areas. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of human brucellosis in northern Xinjiang and analyze the spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing its incidence in different counties and districts. The JPR (Joinpoint regression model) and spatial autocorrelation analysis were employed to capture the potential spatiotemporal distribution changes of human brucellosis in northern Xinjiang from 2015 to 2023. Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) was established to analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the incidence of human brucellosis and relevant influencing factors. The incidence of brucellosis in northern Xinjiang from 2015 to 2023 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with a turning point in 2020. The incidence decreased from 47.92 per 100,000 in 2015 to 14.20 per 100,000 in 2020, with an average annual decrease of 21.68%. Subsequently, it increased to 38.70 per 100,000 in 2023, with an average monthly increase of 39.97%. The results of the MGWR model indicated that a higher regional gross output value of animal husbandry was associated with a higher incidence of human brucellosis, which was more prominent in Hami City and Turpan City. Regions with longer sunshine hours had a higher incidence of brucellosis, especially in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. A higher beef production was related to a higher incidence of human brucellosis, which was more evident in Turpan City, Hami City, and the Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. A higher average regional temperature was associated with a higher incidence of human brucellosis. An increase in GDP had a significant protective effect on the incidence of human brucellosis. Human brucellosis remains a serious problem in northern Xinjiang, and its incidence has been on the rise in recent years. Meteorological and social factors influence the incidence of brucellosis spatially heterogeneously, with the direction and magnitude of their effects varying significantly across specific geographic locations in Northern Xinjiang. Consequently, we recommend a shift from uniform policies to zonal management, prioritizing interventions based on local dominant risk factors (e.g., sheep population control in Bayingolin, occupational protection in high-livestock-production areas) to optimize resource allocation and control effectiveness.
37. Unraveling lipedema: comprehensive insights and the path to future discoveries.
期刊: npj metabolic health and disease 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by the symmetrical accumulation of adipose tissue in the lower body, primarily affecting women. Despite being recognized for over 85 years, the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of lipedema remain complex and not fully understood. This review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing histological, genetic, and hormonal factors, alongside diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Histological studies highlight changes such as adipocyte hypertrophy, increased fibrosis, and vascular alterations like angiogenesis. Genetic studies suggest a strong familial component, with multiple loci potentially influencing disease onset, yet the condition remains polygenic and influenced by environmental factors. Hormonal influences, particularly estrogen, play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Diagnostic imaging techniques like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide valuable insights but are not definitive. Therapeutic strategies, including diet, weight loss, and Complex Decongestive Therapy, offer symptom management but are not curative, with liposuction considered for severe cases where conservative methods fail. The condition’s complexity stems from genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, necessitating further research to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies. Integrating genetic and hormonal insights into clinical practice could enhance patient outcomes and quality of life, highlighting the need for continued exploration and understanding of lipedema.
38. Prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence among female horseback riders in Poland.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is usually associated with aging and parity, but repetitive intra-abdominal pressure during physical activity can also trigger its onset in young women. Horseback riding, despite potential benefits for pelvic floor strengthening, may also contribute to pelvic floor strain and urinary symptoms. The study included 100 Polish women aged 21-54 engaged in horse riding, both recreational (85%) and professional (15%). Participants were divided into three age groups and screened for urinary incontinence symptoms. Quality of life was assessed with validated questionnaires (IIQ-7, UDI-6SF) and a custom 25-item survey covering equestrian practice, reproductive history, urinary symptoms, and general health. Statistical analyses were performed in R using non-parametric tests, correlation, and logistic regression. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 36% of participants, significantly impairing quality of life. Women with higher BMI, older age, and childbirth history demonstrated increased symptom prevalence and higher IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores (p < 0.05). Training type, frequency, and duration were not significantly associated with outcomes, except for shorter riding experience, which correlated with higher UDI-6 scores. Logistic regression identified age (OR = 1.07) and BMI (OR = 1.16) as risk factors, while greater height reduced SUI odds (OR = 0.92). Urinary incontinence is a relevant issue among female horse riders, negatively affecting physical, social, and emotional well-being. Age, BMI and childbirth history play crucial roles in the incidence of SUI symptoms. The longer the training experience, the lower is reported urinary incontinence distress. Preventive measures such as pelvic floor training, individualized physiotherapy, and interdisciplinary care may reduce symptom burden and support longer professional activity. Raising awareness and encouraging early intervention are essential to improving athletes’ quality of life.
39. Acoustic performance optimization of natural-fiber micro-perforated panels backed by an optimized polyurethane-fibrogranule composite.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Noise pollution poses a major threat to public health and urban sustainability, necessitating effective and environmentally compatible acoustic solutions. Here we report a high-performance hybrid absorber that integrates a natural-fiber micro-perforated panel (MPP) fabricated from alkali-treated flax and rice husks with an optimized polyurethane-fibrogranule (PU-FG) composite backing reinforced by the same renewable fillers. Using response surface methodology based on central composite design, we systematically optimized composite formulation, panel porosity, and air-gap geometry to achieve superior broadband absorption. The resulting system, a 1.61% porosity MPP, 28.5 mm front air gap, 40 mm PU-FG backing, and a 30 mm rear air gap, achieves a sound absorption average (SAA) of 0.82 and a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.85 across the frequency range 100-2500 Hz. This configuration provides effective broadband absorption through the combined action of Helmholtz resonance from the MPP and visco-thermal losses in the porous backing. Morphological analysis via field-emission scanning electron microscopy confirms hierarchical pore structures enhancing tortuosity and interfacial adhesion. By substantially increasing the renewable content of both the MPP and the porous backing, this lightweight, high-efficiency hybrid offers a practical and scalable pathway toward more sustainable noise-control materials for architectural, transportation, and urban applications.
40. Causal evidence linking chronic pain genetics to late-onset asthma via the nervous system.
期刊: British journal of anaesthesia 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic pain and asthma are associated, but the direction and basis of their genetic and biological relationship remain unclear. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS), multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG), polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction, bivariate causal modelling, and Mendelian randomisation (MR) across nine chronic pain traits and three asthma age-of-onset strata (<18, 18-40, and >40 yr for childhood-, adult-, and late-onset asthma, respectively) in 456 958 UK Biobank and 25 275 Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging participants of European descent. We analysed shared and distinct genetic architecture using gene-, pathway-, tissue-, and cell-type-based enrichment analyses. Multisite chronic pain (MCP) showed the strongest and most consistent genetic overlap with asthma, with genetic correlation increasing from childhood (rg=0.01) to late-onset asthma (rg=0.40). Estimated causal variants for late-onset asthma (∼1.8 K), and fewer for childhood asthma (∼0.2 K), were nested within a broader MCP profile (∼9.4 K). Using PRS, MR, and longitudinal analyses, we found that MCP contributes causally to late-onset asthma. Top causal variants from MR mapped to GMPPB-RNF123, DCC, and FOXP2. Conditioning by MCP amplified late-onset asthma variant effect sizes using MTAG, and uncovered genes enriched for immune and CNS function across pathways, tissues, and cell types. In contrast, childhood asthma showed immune-specific enrichment alone. These findings reveal neurological function linking chronic pain to late-onset asthma, distinct from childhood asthma, and highlight a CNS contribution to asthma emerging later in life.
41. Health-care professions' silent complicity in Palestine's health crisis.
期刊: Lancet (London, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
42. Variant selection to maximize variance explained in cis-Mendelian randomization.
期刊: HGG advances 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Optimal selection of instrumental variables (IVs) from a single gene region in cis-Mendelian randomization is challenging as variants are highly correlated due to linkage disequilibrium (LD). Using only the lead variant is convenient but may not achieve full statistical power if multiple signals exist. We compared four selection methods that incorporate correlated non-lead variants, including LD-pruning, conditional and joint analysis (COJO), Sum of Single Effects (SuSiE) regression, and principal component analysis (PCA), and evaluated their ability to increase instrument strength, measured by variance explained in the exposure (R2), relative to the lead-variant-only approach. We applied these methods to circulating haptoglobin (HP), to simulated traits with known variance explained, and to 15 additional gene regions where non-lead cis-pQTLs contributed varying proportions of cis-genetic variance. R2 was estimated from variant-protein association estimates (Fenland study, N=10,708) using LD from the UK Biobank (N=356,557). In the HP region, the four methods produced a median proportional gain in R2 of 145.1% compared with the lead variant alone (range: 69.6% - 169.4%), with a median reduction in the MR standard error of 36.3% (range: -37.9% to -19.3%). In simulations, all methods were able to recover the expected genetic variance. Across the 15 gene regions, methods incorporating non-lead variants consistently outperformed the lead-variant-only approach. Variant selection methods incorporating correlated non-lead variants can reliably improve instrument strength in cis-MR analyses. We recommend using such methods but advise comparing their estimates with the lead-variant-only estimate to safeguard against numerical instability.
43. Corrigendum to: Dual role of microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. [Neurobiology of Disease, Volume 216, November 2025, 107133].
期刊: Neurobiology of disease 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
44. Atherogenic Risk in Commerce and Industry Workers: Associations with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in a Large Spanish Occupational Cohort.
期刊: Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and associated lipid ratios are critical markers for cardiovascular risk, yet little is known about how these markers vary by occupational sector and sociodemographic or lifestyle factors in working populations. To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of elevated atherogenic risk according to total cholesterol/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c, triglycerides/HDL-c (TG/HDL-c), and AD in workers from the commerce and industry sectors, stratified by sex, age, education, physical activity, diet, and smoking. This cross-sectional study included 56,856 Spanish workers (39,448 men and 17,408 women) from commerce (n=27,448) and industry (n=29,408). Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, and atherogenic risk was assessed using TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c ratios, and AD presence. Mean values and prevalence were compared by group, and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between risk markers and covariates. Workers in the industry sector showed higher mean values and prevalence of all atherogenic risk scales compared to those in commerce, particularly among men and older age groups. Male sex, older age, lower education, physical inactivity, absence of Mediterranean diet, and smoking were consistently associated with higher odds of elevated lipid ratios and AD. Notably, the absence of physical activity was strongly associated with all outcomes, with ORs ranging from 3.08 to 11.66. The industrial sector was independently associated with increased risk: TC/HDL-c (OR=1.23), LDL-c/HDL-c (OR=1.15), TG/HDL-c (OR=1.16), and AD (OR=1.19). Atherogenic risk profiles are less favorable among industrial workers and are significantly influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. These findings support the need for preventive strategies tailored to the occupational context, with emphasis on promoting physical activity, smoking cessation, and healthier dietary habits, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk in these populations.
45. Toripalimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial.
期刊: Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Improving the efficacy of retreatment for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) and extending patient survival are urgently required for the clinical prevention and treatment of NPC. This study explored the efficacy and safety of toripalimab in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for the treatment of rNPC. This single-arm, Phase 2 trial included patients with rNPC who met the inclusion criteria as confirmed by pathology or imaging. The patients received toripalimab combined with CCRT. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR) of the patients. Secondary end points included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profile. Between April 2020 and September 2023, 40 patients with rNPC were recruited. The best response of ORR after radiotherapy was 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.0-95.0), with a DCR of 100%. The median PFS for rNPC was 18.1 months (95% CI, 15.2-28.8). The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year PFS rates were 68.2%, 41.3%, and 15.5%, respectively. The median OS for rNPC was 28.3 months (95% CI, 18.6-Not Available [NA]). The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year OS rates were 69.7%, 53.9%, 44.8%. The most common acute toxicities were hematological toxicities, including lymphopenia (100%) and anemia (92.5%), whereas the most common late toxicities were dry mouth (60.0%) and nasopharyngeal wall necrosis (40.0%). Fatal epistaxis was the cause of death in 22.5% of patients. Toripalimab plus CCRT demonstrates antitumor efficacy in rNPC. The observed 22.5% rate of fatal epistaxis indicates that its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against this serious treatment-related risk.
46. Five-year comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection among high-risk populations undergoing screening.
期刊: Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
The long-term impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) detection in screening remains unclear as a result of limited follow-up. A prospective population-based screening study was conducted in Southern China from October 2014 to November 2018 among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive individuals aged 30-69 years. EBV-seropositive participants underwent both endoscopy and MRI. Suspicious findings from either modality triggered a second endoscopy with biopsy. Followup for cancer diagnoses was completed via multiple methods in October 2023. Primary end points included the 5-year NPC detection rate (overall and by stage) and the false-negative rate. Secondary end points were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and referral rate. The analysis included 814 individuals (455 females; 56%) with a median age of 53 years (interquartile range, 46-60 years). Thirty-two NPC cases were detected (30 via MRI; 21 via endoscopy) over 5 years. MRI showed a significantly higher overall NPC detection rate (36.9 [95% CI, 25.9-52.1] vs. 25.8 [95% CI, 16.9-39.1] per 1000; p = .007) and early-stage tumor detection (20.9 [95% CI, 13.1-27.1] vs. 12.3 [95% CI, 6.7-22.5] per 1000; p = .020) than endoscopy. MRI also demonstrated a lower false-negative rate (3.0 [95% CI, 0.8-11.0] vs. 14.9 [95% CI, 8.4-26.5] per 1000; p = .024) and higher sensitivity (93.8% vs. 65.6%; p = .007) but lower specificity (84.0% vs. 92.8%; p < .001) and PPV (19.6% vs. 27.6%; p = .019). Single MRI demonstrated superior NPC detection versus endoscopy, particularly for early-stage tumors, in high-risk populations during a 5-year period, which suggests the potential for extending the rescreening interval to 5 years for MRI-negative individuals.
47. Neurocognitive function, psychosocial characteristics, and occupational performance across menstrual phases in young adults with and without primary dysmenorrhea.
期刊: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
To examine phase-related variations in cognitive, emotional, and occupational functioning among women with and without primary dysmenorrhea (PD). A repeated-measures case-control study was conducted at a university-based research laboratory and hospital outpatient unit. Seventy-nine women with PD and fifty-nine asymptomatic women aged 17-25 years participated. Menstrual pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), menstrual attitudes (Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire), body awareness (Body Awareness Questionnaire), occupational performance and satisfaction (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure), and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) were assessed across three menstrual phases. Cognitive functions (attention, processing speed, and executive control) were evaluated using the Stroop Test and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests were used for between- and within-group analyses, and regression models identified predictors of occupational performance and self-esteem. Women with PD reported higher pain intensity (p<0.001), lower BMI (p=0.022), and a more frequent family history of dysmenorrhea (p = 0.016). They also had more negative and proactive menstrual attitudes (p=0.01-0.04), lower occupational performance and satisfaction (p<0.001), and reduced self-esteem (p<0.001). Cognitive performance significantly declined during the luteal phase (p=0.01-0.004). No significant differences were observed in body awareness (p>0.05). Women with PD experience cognitive, emotional, and occupational challenges that extend beyond menstrual pain. Integrative, multidisciplinary interventions addressing both physical and psychosocial domains are recommended to improve overall functioning and well-being.
48. Metabolic positron emission tomography imaging and tumor growth inhibition during the Q neuron-induced hibernation-like state in mice.
期刊: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 发表日期: 2026-Jan-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first positron emission tomography (PET) study using a Q neuron-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (QIH) mouse model, which is a synthetic hibernation-like state triggered by neural stimulation. We investigated changes in the in vivo dynamics of various essential nutrients and bioactive substances during hibernation using three types of metabolic probes: the glucose derivative [18F]FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose), amino acid derivative L-m-[11C]tolylalanine, and vitamin B1 derivative [11C]thiamine. We found that cardiac glucose metabolism was significantly reduced during the QIH state. Both vitamin B1 and the amino acid derivatives exhibited rapid systemic distribution immediately after intravenous administration, which may indicate increased translocation into tissues based on altered circulatory dynamics or vascular wall properties. We also found that the proliferation of subcutaneously inoculated tumors was dramatically suppressed by QIH. Recently, hibernation has increasingly attracted attention because of its advantages, including reduced oxygen and energy consumption, that can mitigate organ damage. Notably, hibernation-like states may have potential applications in emergency and critical care medicine. Therefore, the advancement of hibernation research using QIH models and highlighted the potential of hibernation-like states for novel applications in cancer therapy and drug delivery.
49. 2D Contour: A Simplified Approach for Left Atrial Reservoir Strain.
期刊: Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Left atrial strain reservoir (LASr) has emerged as a useful parameter in assessing diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. LASr is typically assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE), which was developed to measure strain in the left ventricle. Despite its strength demonstrated in several clinical studies, the application of STE to the left atrium presents well-known limitations: thin walls, anatomical discontinuities, far-field location, and inter-vendor variability. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative method for assessing LASr, based on the percentage shortening of the atrial wall contour, by directly comparing it with STE-derived LASr values. We retrospectively analyzed 246 patients in sinus rhythm with severe organic mitral regurgitation. The 2D contour strain method quantifies changes in the length of the two-dimensional (2D) endocardial atrial wall contour between end-systolic and end-diastolic frames. The peak strain value is calculated as: (maximum perimeter length-minimum perimeter length)/maximum perimeter length × 100. 2D contour strain measurements were feasible in all patients. A strong correlation was observed between STE-derived and 2D contour-derived LASr values, with an R-value of 0.93. On average, 2D contour strain measurements underestimated LA peak strain by approximately 1% compared to STE. The consistency of 2D contour LA strain measurements, as assessed by inter- and intra-observer reproducibility, was excellent. These findings suggest that 2D contour LA strain is a feasible and reliable alternative to STE for assessing LASr. This approach is particularly valuable in echocardiography labs where STE software for LA is unavailable.
50. First Population Assessment Report, Suitable Habitat and Ecological Corridors of the Endangered Kashmir Gray Langur Morphotype (Semnopithecus ajax, Pocock 1928) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
期刊: American journal of primatology 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Himalayan Kashmir langur (Semnopithecus ajax) is an endangered colobine of the northwestern Himalayas, occurring in India and Pakistan; yet its ecology remains poorly studied. In Pakistan, it is known from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and the northern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) but populations restricted to KPK has been neglected until the data. In this regard, we conducted 60 line-transect surveys (118.2 km) across 69.5 km² in three KPK districts-Mansehra, Kohistan, and Battagram-to estimate population density and abundance. Further, we modeled habitat suitability and connectivity modeling of langurs across its known range in Pakistan. The current study revealed mean density across the surveyed districts was 4.5 individuals/km² (95% CI: 2.3-6.7), with substantially higher densities in Mansehra (7.4; 95% CI: 3.3-11.5) compared to Kohistan-Battagram (KB) (1.3; 95% CI: 0.1-2.5). The total population in the study area was estimated at 314 individuals (95% CI: 143-485), with ~86% concentrated in Mansehra. Habitat suitability modeling (AUC = 0.96) identified four major suitable niche zones (SNZ) (~2,953 km²) across Pakistan, primarily montane forests between 1,300-3,100 m with > 40% canopy cover, though only ~82 km² (~1%) overlapped with existing protected areas. Connectivity analysis indicated forested corridors linking these niche zones, while fragmentation reduced connectivity in several regions. Our findings demonstrate that the langur persists in Pakistan as a small, fragmented, and forest-dependent population. Conservation of this threatened species will require improved forest protection, management of habitat corridors, and coordinated transboundary conservation efforts across its Himalayan range.
51. Dietary data from surface and subterranean populations of Speleomantes cave salamanders.
期刊: Ecology 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
This dataset enriches the ongoing project “The European plethodontid salamanders’ trophic niche project,” which focuses on studying the trophic niche of the strictly protected European plethodontid species of the genus Speleomantes. We provide here a dataset that collects dietary data from 36 populations belonging to seven of the eight Speleomantes species (S. strinatii, S. ambrosii, S. italicus, S. flavus, S. imperialis, S. sarrabusensis, S. genei) and the natural hybrid zone S. italicus × S. ambrosii. Eleven populations were sampled in natural and artificial subterranean environments for a total surveyed area of 4667 m2. Twenty-five surface populations were sampled in woodlands, garrigues, and dry-stone walls for a total surveyed area of 34,640 m2. Data collection took place from 2021 to 2024. Twenty-seven populations were surveyed only once; the other nine were surveyed twice during different seasons/years. The dataset contains information on a total of 1108 captured salamanders. Captured individuals were weighed using a digital scale and photographed in a portable photo studio to obtain high-quality images used for post hoc measurements. This allows us to assess potential variation in the body condition of individuals over time (e.g., during different years or seasons) and identify potential divergences between conspecific populations. We used stomach flushing to obtain the stomach contents of the salamanders, which were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using the stereomicroscope. In 930 salamanders, we could recognize 8899 consumed prey items belonging to 50 different prey categories (e.g., order level or lower). These data, in addition to adding new populations to the overall Speleomantes dataset, allow us to compare aboveground and subterranean Speleomantes populations to identify potential variations in trophic niche breadth that have occurred in populations that have colonized subterranean environments. Furthermore, the large number of samples performed on S. italicus allows for in-depth analysis of potential variability among conspecific populations. The dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
52. Scientific Evidence and Common Perceptions of Factors Affecting Sugar Content in Pasture Grass: Is There a Link With Pre-existing Horse-Related Experience?
期刊: Veterinary medicine and science 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Several equine conditions are associated with and exacerbated by increased high-sugar grass intake. Knowing how climatic and biotic factors affect sugar content in grasses is important for decision-making by those involved in the management of equines. (1) To characterise equine owners’ knowledge and perceptions of the factors affecting sugar content in grasses to inform in the management of grasses and equines. (2) To identify associations between pre-existing horse-related experience and level of knowledge about equine nutrition and health conditions. A questionnaire was developed and distributed online to characterise the perceptions of those involved in the management of equines and their knowledge of the environmental factors known to impact grass non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) levels, describing also the extent to which these factors associated with participants’ level of experience in equine management. 194 self-declared equine owners or responsible for equines completed the survey. Our results indicate that participants were relatively well informed regarding only some of the environmental factors known to affect sugar content in grasses, and less so in relation to how the presence of fungi, overgrazing/rotational stocking might influence NSC, indicating a significant gap in knowledge. The level of previous experience with equines was not associated with more accurate knowledge, highlighting the need for facilitating more knowledge exchange activities between stakeholders and the scientific community. We suggest that enhancing the dissemination of the effects of plant-fungal interactions and rotational stocking on NSC within the equine community may further improve their understanding around NSC content in grasses and its management, as fungi could be used to manage grass establishment and growth in paddocks and the grass sugar content.
53. Novel adiposity indices and their role in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy among hypertensive individuals undergoing echocardiography.
期刊: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 发表日期: 2025-Dec-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
While body mass index (BMI) is the most used measure of adiposity, it does not account for fat distribution. Novel indices, such as A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), may better reflect cardiometabolic risk. However, their association with subclinical cardiac damage, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between novel adiposity indices (ABSI and BRI) and left ventricular mass (LVM) assessed by echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with hypertensive. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 724 hypertensive adults who underwent standardized anthropometric and echocardiographic assessments. Adiposity indices (BMI, waist circumference, ABSI, and BRI) were calculated, and left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area and height2.7. Correlations and multivariate analyses were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess diagnostic performance. All adiposity indices were significantly higher in individuals with LVH. BRI showed the strongest correlation with LVMH2.7 (r = 0.423), particularly in women. In multivariate analysis, BRI remained significantly associated with LVMH2.7 in both sexes, while ABSI was not independently associated in men. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that BRI had the highest diagnostic accuracy for identifying LVH, outperforming BMI and ABSI, especially when LVH was defined using LVMH2.7. BRI outperformed traditional and novel adiposity indices in identifying LVH in hypertensive patients, particularly when LVM was indexed to height2.7. Given its superior diagnostic performance, BRI may represent a valuable tool in cardiovascular risk stratification, though further studies are warranted.
54. Clinical utility of the Danish versions of the Clinical Assessment of Modes Questionnaires.
期刊: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy 发表日期: 2025-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Three Danish versions of the Clinical Assessments of Modes (CAM) have been adapted for practice: CAM-Client Time 1 (D-CAM-C1), CAM-Client Time 2 (D-CAM-C2) and CAM-Therapist (D-CAM-T), collectively referred to as D-CAMQs. Evidence on clinical utility is limited. To explore clinical utility of the D-CAMQs. Occupational therapists (OTs) and clients were recruited. Clients completed D-CAM-C1 before and D-CAM-C2 after therapy; OTs completed D-CAM-T after therapy. Surveys addressed appropriateness, accessibility, practicability and acceptability. Eleven OTs and 47 clients (23-97 years, mostly neurological conditions) participated. Clients rated all six therapeutic modes as relevant, with ‘Instructing’ most and ‘Advocating’ least important. Group patterns of perceived mode use were similar for clients and OTs. However, correlations between preferred and perceived use were moderate (rs = 0.26-0.48), and client-therapist agreement was weak to trivial. Most clients found D-CAMQs appropriate and beneficial (≥57% to a great extent). OTs expressed mixed views, particularly regarding appropriateness and time investment. Both groups found instructions clear and acceptability high (>80%). D-CAMQs appear useful for supporting therapeutic dialogue in Danish practice. Client-therapist discrepancies and varying OT perceptions highlight the need for further research. Small sample size represents a limitation.