公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-01-23)
共收录 57 篇研究文章
1. Understanding Postpartum Hospital Use Among Birthing People With Medicaid Insurance.
期刊: Obstetrics and gynecology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Individuals with Medicaid insurance are more likely to have pregnancy-related complications than individuals with private insurance, but previous research has not described postpartum hospital use in the population of patients with Medicaid. Using Medicaid claims data, we analyzed time to the first instance of postpartum hospital use during the postpartum year using Kaplan-Meier curves and described causes of postpartum hospital use at different postpartum windows. Among 1,626,056 birthing individuals, 20.7% had postpartum hospital use at 1 year postpartum. We found a higher proportion of postpartum hospital use after the typical 30-day postpartum analysis window than within the initial 30 days postpartum, with causes of postpartum hospital use shifting away from delivery-related causes over time. This highlights the need to better understand postpartum hospital use in the population of patients with Medicaid insurance, because 40% of births in the United States occur in this population.
2. Comparing Efficacy of Medication Abortion by Health Care Modality at a California Health System.
期刊: Obstetrics and gynecology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
To compare the efficacy and safety of telemedicine medication abortion and clinic-based medication abortion among patients at one academic health system in California. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of electronic medical records for all patients who had either telemedicine medication abortion or clinic-based medication abortion up to 77 days of gestation between April 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. All patients who met eligibility requirements were offered telemedicine medication abortion. Patients who were not eligible for or did not prefer telemedicine medication abortion completed clinic-based medication abortion. We examined attendance at follow-up visits, successful medication abortion without requiring surgical intervention, and occurrence of serious adverse events. Among patients who had telemedicine medication abortion, we also examined attendance at 4-week follow-up visits and results of home urine pregnancy tests. Overall, 165 patients who had telemedicine medication abortion and 411 patients who had clinic-based medication abortion were included in the study. A total of 91.6% of patients who had telemedicine medication abortion and 84.5% of patients who had clinic-based medication abortion completed at least one follow-up visit, with no significant difference detected by modality after controlling for covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.90, 95% CI, 0.96-3.77). Ninety percent of patients who had telemedicine medication abortion and 88.4% of patients who had clinic-based medication abortion had successful abortions without requiring surgical intervention. Odds of successful abortions did not statistically significantly differ by medication abortion modality (aOR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.38-1.59). Because of the rarity of serious adverse events (less than 1% in both groups, all requiring either intravenous antibiotics or blood transfusions), we could not complete multivariable models for this outcome. Our findings from one academic health system in California support prior studies showing that telemedicine medication abortion and clinic-based medication abortion are equally effective. When possible, the provision of telemedicine medication abortion should be expanded to meet the growing demand for abortion access.
3. Using Artificial Intelligence Methods to Evaluate the Effect of the National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month on the Content and Sentiment of Social Media Posts: Infodemiology Study.
期刊: JMIR infodemiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The month of June has been recognized as the National Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Awareness Month since 2011 in the United States. Established by government resolution, the goal is to increase awareness and reduce the incidence of congenital CMV infection, a leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities. Social media is a powerful tool to support public health by making health information easily accessible. With an estimated 246 million users in the United States and more than half of adults seeking health information through such platforms, social media offers an unparalleled opportunity to promote CMV awareness and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate social media messaging before, during, and after the National CMV Awareness Month to assess how the campaign influenced messaging patterns and sentiment related to specific CMV health topics. Publicly available posts on Twitter/X from May to August 2023 that contained at least one of the five most used CMV-related hashtags were collected using a media monitoring platform. The dataset was preprocessed using a customized Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers tokenizer and a language detection package to remove irrelevant and non-English posts. Validated and artificial intelligence (AI) methods (Cohen κ=0.69) were used to determine the thematic content of posts (N=14,900), such as awareness and prevention messaging, and to characterize the sentiment. Changes in post characteristics were measured in relation to the National CMV Awareness Month. CMV-relevant post volume increased by 55% during the campaign month and returned to precampaign levels in July. Overall, academic/university researchers were the most frequent authors, pediatrics was the most frequent population discussed, and vaccines were the most frequently mentioned prevention. Significant associations were observed between the month of post publication and the target audience (χ22=144.3, P<.001), awareness or prevention messaging (χ22=107.8, P<.001), and post sentiment (χ24=163.6, P<.001). The intended audience of posts shifted toward the general population from scientists/health care professionals during the campaign month (adjusted Pearson residuals, P=.009). Awareness messaging increased in June 2023, particularly in relation to CMV transmission and disease burden, while prevention messaging decreased (adjusted Pearson residuals, P=.008). Finally, although posts were generally neutral in sentiment, a significant shift occurred toward a positive sentiment during the campaign month (adjusted Pearson residuals, P=.006), a sentiment that was more likely to engage the user (Kruskal-Wallis; χ22=194.31, P<.001). The National CMV Awareness Month in 2023 shifted the digital CMV conversation toward public-facing messaging and raised awareness efforts. Although posts related to CMV prevention generally conveyed a positive sentiment, prevention messaging declined during the campaign. These findings highlight opportunities for future CMV social media initiatives to balance awareness with prevention through evaluation and strategic design using AI models to strengthen CMV public health communication and engagement.
4. Effects of Image Degradation on Deep Neural Network Classification of Scaphoid Fracture Radiographs: Comparison Study of Different Noise Types.
期刊: JMIR medical informatics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Deep learning models have shown strong potential for automated fracture detection in medical images. However, their robustness under varying image quality remains uncertain, particularly for small and subtle fractures, such as scaphoid fractures. Understanding how different types of image perturbations affect model performance is crucial for ensuring reliable deployment in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the robustness of a deep learning model trained to detect scaphoid fractures in radiographs when exposed to various image perturbations. We sought to identify which perturbations most strongly impact performance and to explore strategies to mitigate performance degradation. Radiographic datasets were systematically modified by applying Gaussian noise, blurring, JPEG compression, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, resizing, and geometric offsets. Model accuracy was evaluated across different perturbation types and levels. Image quality was quantified using peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure to assess correlations between degradation and model performance. Model accuracy declined with increasing perturbation severity, but the extent varied across perturbation types. Gaussian blur caused the most substantial performance drop, whereas contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization increased the false-negative rate. The model demonstrated higher resilience to color perturbations than to grayscale degradations. A strong linear correlation was found between peak signal-to-noise ratio-structural similarity index measure and accuracy, suggesting that better image quality led to improved detection. Geometric offsets and pixel value rescaling had minimal influence, whereas resolution was the dominant factor affecting performance. The findings indicate that image quality, especially resolution and blurring, substantially influences the robustness of deep learning-based fracture detection models. Ensuring adequate image resolution and quality control can enhance diagnostic reliability. These results provide valuable insights for designing more accurate and resilient medical imaging models under real-world variability.
5. Diagnostic Performance of Deep Learning and Radiomics in Extracranial Carotid Plaque Detection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Journal of medical Internet research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Artificial intelligence-enhanced imaging techniques have demonstrated promising diagnostic potential for carotid plaques, a key cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. However, previous studies did not systematically synthesize their diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to quantitatively explore the diagnostic efficacy of deep learning (DL) and radiomics for extracranial carotid plaques and establish a standardized framework for improving plaque detection. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers databases to identify studies involving the use of radiomics or DL models to diagnose extracranial carotid artery plaques from inception up to September 24, 2025. The quality of the studies was determined using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for Artificial Intelligence (QUADAS-AI). A meta-analysis was conducted using StataMP (version 17.0; StataCorp) with a bivariate mixed-effects model to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity, generate summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, assess Cochran Q statistic and I²-based heterogeneity, and conduct subgroup analyses and regression analysis. Among 40 studies comprising 17,246 patients, 34 integrated independent test sets or validation sets in the quantitative statistical analysis. Among them, 24 focused on DL models, 10 on machine learning models based on radiomics. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and area under the SROC curve were 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91; P<.001; I2=93.58%), 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.92; P<.001; I2=91.38%), and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.96), respectively. Compared with the machine learning models based on radiomics algorithms, DL models achieved comparable improvements in specificity and area under the SROC curve. It was observed that transfer learning and a large sample size enhanced the diagnostic performance of models. Models used to identify plaque stability and presence had similar diagnostic performances, both of which were more effective in identifying symptomatic plaque models. A total of 7 studies demonstrated that the models that combined clinical features exhibited comparable diagnostic capability to pure DL and radiomics models. Additionally, 7 studies performed external validation, obtaining lower diagnostic performance than in testing groups. Limited regression analysis failed to identify significant sources of heterogeneity, and the limited number of eligible studies restricted more comprehensive subgroup analyses. The high heterogeneity in the study results may be due to different scanning parameters, model architecture, image segmentation, and algorithms. Radiomics algorithms and DL models can effectively diagnose extracranial carotid plaque. However, there are concerns regarding irregularities in research design and the absence of multicenter studies and external validation. Future research should aim to reduce bias risk and enhance the generalizability and clinical orientation of the models.
6. Association of Skin Cancer With Clinical Depression and Poor Mental Health Days: Cross-Sectional Analysis.
期刊: JMIR dermatology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Mental health is becoming increasingly recognized as an important part of overall health, especially for patients with cancer. However, the relationship between nonmelanoma skin cancer and mental health has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was to examine the association between nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis and 2 key mental health outcomes (ie, clinical depression and the number of poor mental health days). This study used the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative survey of adults in the United States, which included 312,317 participants. Nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis, depression, and self-reported mental health days were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between nonmelanoma skin cancer and depression, whereas Poisson regression was used to model the number of poor mental health days, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, BMI, income, and major comorbid conditions (other cancers, heart disease, lung disease, and kidney disease). Individuals with nonmelanoma skin cancer (5086/26,552, 19.15%) reported a lower overall rate of depression compared to those without nonmelanoma skin cancer (61,438/285,765, 21.50%; P<.001) but reported more poor mental health days on average (4.54, SD 8.37 d vs 3.20, SD 7.37 d; P<.001). After adjustment, nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis was not significantly associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.05) and was associated with a slightly lower number of poor mental health days (adjusted rate ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97). Adults with nonmelanoma skin cancer experienced a meaningful mental health burden, and unadjusted analyses suggested greater day-to-day distress than among adults without nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, these differences were reduced and no longer significant for depression after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbid chronic illnesses. These findings support the need for mental health screenings and support services in dermatologic and oncologic care.
7. Induction Nivolumab Before Chemoradiation in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Driven Oropharynx Cancers: IMMUNEBOOST-HPV, a Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial.
期刊: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and advanced stage and/or significant smoking history are at higher risk of relapse. Induction immunotherapy before chemoradiation (CRT) may improve outcomes. This randomized phase II trial assessed the feasibility and safety of induction nivolumab before CRT in this high-risk population. Eligible patients had HPV-positive OPC with either T4 and/or N2/N3 disease or a smoking history >10 pack-years. Patients were randomly assigned 1:2 to receive either standard CRT (70 Gy with cisplatin, control arm [CA], n = 20) or two infusions of nivolumab followed by CRT (experimental arm [EA], n = 41). The primary end point was the rate of patients who received full treatment in due time (FTDT), defined as (1) two nivolumab infusions on days 1 and 13-17, (2) CRT started between days 27-37 after the first nivolumab infusion, (3) no radiotherapy break ≥7 days, (4) >95% of theoretical/prescribed RT dose, and (5) cisplatin dose received ≥200 mg/m2. If two patients or less in the EA failed FTDT, the strategy would be considered feasible. Secondary end points included oncologic outcomes and toxicity. Between July 2019 and September 2021, 62 patients were randomly assigned. Median follow-up was 37.5 months. The primary end point was not met: four of 41 patients in EA received <200 mg/m2 cisplatin. Grade 4 to 5 acute adverse events occurred only in EA, in seven patients. The 2-year cumulative incidence (95% CI) of relapse was 7.3% (1.9 to 18.0) in EA versus 15.0% (3.6 to 34.0) in CA. Induction nivolumab before CRT did not meet the predefined feasibility threshold because of reduced cisplatin dosing after toxicity in 10% of patients. The relapse incidence was numerically lower in the EA but this finding is exploratory and requires confirmation.
8. Identifying Key Predictors of Appropriate Discharge Destinations for Older Inpatients in Acute Care: Scoping Review.
期刊: Interactive journal of medical research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Postacute care (PAC) services are important to ensure functional recovery and provide adequate care for geriatric inpatients in acute care. The choice between different PAC options can be challenging, and predictors for the most appropriate among diverse discharge options are warranted. We conducted a scoping review to identify predictors of appropriate discharge destinations for older adults (≥65 y) in acute care transitioning to different PAC settings and extract the most relevant predictors for different PAC settings as well as a generalizable set of predictor domains. The databases of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Emcare were systematically searched for English or German literature published until February 25, 2022. A total of 3 researchers screened, extracted, and categorized the data according to domains, discharge destinations, mean age, and health care systems origin, focusing on predictors that increase the likelihood of a discharge destination (positive predictors). The Jaccard index was calculated to compare the similarity between different possible domain combinations and existing literature. Of 22,382 records screened, 171 quantitative and 10 qualitative studies were included. After separating combined discharge destinations, we found 1047 predictors for different discharge destinations including nursing home (n=297, 28%), skilled nursing facility (n=223, 21%), inpatient rehabilitation (n=206, 20%), home with (n=97, 9%) or without (n=74, 7%) support, assisted living (n=63, 6%), and early inpatient rehabilitation (n=21, 2%). Of all positive predictors (n=723), age was the most frequently reported predictor (80/723, 11%). Geriatric syndromes were found more often in patients 80 years or older (121/192, 63%) and in non-US studies (174/285, 61%). The top reported predictors for discharge to nursing homes were diagnosed dementia (9/297, 3%) and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living (ADL; 10/297, 3%); for discharge to rehabilitation, the top predictors were longer length of stay (11/205, 5%) and existent cardiopulmonary disease (10/205, 5%); and for back home without support, the top predictors were good ADL (10/74, 14%) and mobility assessments (9/74, 12%). Among 20 predictor domains, 8 were most concordant with the literature: cognitive impairment, ADL, demographics, social support, hospitalization data, multimorbidity, mobility, and primary diagnosis. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of predictors for appropriate discharge decisions in older adults in acute care, stratified by destination, age, study origin, and the predictor domains most concordant with the literature. The results will be valuable to inform the choice of features for clinical decision support systems, including the training of machine learning algorithms.
9. Student Loan Debt Burden in the Public Health Workforce.
期刊: American journal of public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Objectives. To characterize the national landscape of student loan debt for state and local public health staff and consider the potential roles of loan forgiveness and repayment in workforce development. Methods. This study analyzed data from the nationally representative 2024 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, which had 57 000 respondents in the United States. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed an interval regression to assess correlates of student loan balance. Results. More than 40% of the workforce has a student loan balance: $48 000 on average, among those with any debt. Differences are observed by age, race/ethnicity, and level of academic degree. Conclusions. As in other fields, governmental public health is experiencing high rates of turnover while having difficulty with recruitment. Lack of competitive pay and benefits makes it difficult to find and retain staff who may have a public service inclination but also have bills to pay. High on that list of bills, for many, are student loans. Public Health Implications. Loan forgiveness and repayment represent important policy tools to address the ongoing workforce shortage and may be adversely affected by recent federal legislation. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print January 22, 2026:e1-e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308290).
10. Challenges and Opportunities for Equitable Aging for LGBTQ+ Older Adults in Rural Communities: A Community-Engaged Focus Group Study.
期刊: Research on aging 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Research on LGBTQ+ rural aging is sparse-thus limiting understanding on how best to support this population. Building on equitable aging theory, this community-engaged qualitative study incorporated data from 4 focus groups with 31 LGBTQ+ older adults in rural communities in California to examine challenges, thriving and surviving strategies, and recommendations for policy and practice. Data analysis identified six interrelated domains reflecting challenges and strengths regarding health, housing, technology, transportation, caregiving, and community for LGBTQ+ older adults in rural communities. We identified three themes to illustrate how these domains intersected across levels (micro, mezzo, macro) to explain equitable aging for LGBTQ+ older adults in rural communities: fractured culturally responsive health care and family fortifications, social connections and space, and affordable and accessible housing. Findings around health, housing, technology, transportation, caregiving, and community were interwoven throughout these themes and provide a blueprint for policymakers and practitioners to better support this population.
11. Incidence of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
期刊: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration mandated a black box warning on all breast implants, warning of an association with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The World Health Organization recently introduced breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL) as a new provisional entity. We identified BIA-ALCL cases diagnosed in adult women, 1/1/2021-12/31/2022, following the inaugural use of the new diagnostic code within the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Age-adjusted incidence was calculated to the 2000 U.S. standard population. The age-adjusted incidence rate of BIA-ALCL in 2021 and 2022 was 17.2 (95% CI, 7.6-33.8) and 26.9 (95% CI, 14.8-45.5) per 100 million person-years, respectively; increased compared to our prior estimate for 2012-2018 (14.5 to 19.6 cases/100 million person-years) and substantially exceeding the FDA’s earlier estimate for 2001-2007 (3 cases/100 million persons-years). This study presents the first population-based incidence rate estimations of BIA-ALCL, which is increasing rapidly in the U.S.
12. Noncardiovascular Medical Conditions in the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System, 2012-2022.
期刊: Obstetrics and gynecology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System (PMSS) data from 2012-2022 were analyzed for this descriptive study. Specific subclassifications of deaths within the PMSS category of “other noncardiovascular medical conditions” (OMC) were analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics, and pregnancy-related mortality ratios (PRMRs; pregnancy-related deaths/100,000 live births) were calculated within each subclassification. Prepandemic (2012-2019) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020-2022) time periods are reported separately. The overall OMC-specific PRMR was 2.20 (95% CI, 2.06-2.35). Epilepsy was the most frequent specific subclassification of pregnancy-related OMC deaths before (15.7%) and during (16.1%) the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes (10.7%) and asthma (10.1%) followed epilepsy prepandemic, and asthma (13.1%) and diabetes (10.2%) followed during the pandemic. Reporting subclassifications of pregnancy-related deaths improves the ability to focus attention and interventions on these less frequently occurring consistent causes of pregnancy-related death.
13. Initial Weight Status Moderates the Impact of Exercise Referral Schemes on Improving Patients' Body Mass Index.
期刊: American journal of health promotion : AJHP 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
PurposeTo determine whether baseline body mass index (BMI) moderates BMI changes following completion of an exercise referral scheme (ERS).DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingData from the National ReferAll Database.Sample634 adults out of 39,283 (64% female; mean age 54 ± 15 years).InterventionParticipants completed a community-based ERS involving physical activity counseling and supervised exercise.MeasuresBMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m2) and participants were categorized by BMI: normal weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obesity classes I (30.0-34.9 kg/m2), II (35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and III (≥40.0 kg/m2).AnalysisA 5 × 2 mixed methods analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, sex, ERS type, and follow-up duration examined BMI changes over time by group. Linear regression assessed the relation between baseline BMI and BMI change.ResultsBaseline BMI predicted BMI reduction (β = -0.07 ± 0.01, 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.04, P < .001). Compared to the normal weight group, individuals with obesity classes I-III had significantly greater reductions in BMI (mean difference range: 0.83-1.01 kg/m2, all P < .001). No significant difference was observed between normal weight and overweight participants (P = .207).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that ERS can be effective in improving BMI outcomes among individuals who have an elevated initial BMI. These findings support the continued development and refinement of ERS as a scalable public health strategy to promote weight-related improvements.
14. Awareness and Use of Home-Based Respiratory Pathogen Testing Services in the Internet Era: Postpandemic Questionnaire Study.
期刊: JMIR formative research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Home-based respiratory pathogen testing services (HRPTS), an emerging internet-based health care model, enable rapid pathogen identification within hours through digital platforms and eCommerce logistics. This decentralized approach overcomes conventional testing delays to accelerate diagnosis. However, public awareness, adoption, and influencing factors remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate digitally connected metropolitan residents’ awareness and intention to adopt HRPTS and analyze factors influencing adoption intention. This study used a structured questionnaire grounded in the technology acceptance model, which measured perceived usefulness, ease of use, risk, and behavioral intention. Questionnaire development involved focus group discussions to ensure content validity. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression, with scale reliability and validity confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. Using a convenience sampling strategy, 1850 volunteers completed questionnaires via Wenjuanxing. After data validation, 1756 surveys met the inclusion criteria (effective response rate: 94.92%) and were analyzed. Among 1756 respondents, 54.7% (n=961) knew about HRPTS for respiratory diseases, and 15.3% (n=269) had previously used them. Perceived usefulness was high among respondents: fast pathogen identification (n=1092, 62.2%), early treatment (n=1136, 64.7%), time or cost savings (n=1119, 63.7%), and anxiety alleviation (n=1110, 63.2%). Regarding perceived ease of use, 55.9% (n=982) of the respondents cited robust logistics, 53.8% (n=945) cited online appointment convenience, and 54.2% (n=952) cited simple self-sampling. However, respondents expressed concerns regarding privacy (n=925, 52.7%), test accuracy questions (n=871, 49.6%), and insufficient regulations (n=948, 54.0%). Nevertheless, >70% of the respondents were willing to adopt HRPTS, if available. Multivariate regression showed that higher education (β=.598; P<.001), living with family (β=.271; P=.04), and absence of underlying chronic diseases (β=.321; P=.03) were significant predictors of adoption intention. Additionally, not having used HRPTS before (β=-1.203; P<.001) and less frequent health care-seeking behaviors were negatively associated with adoption intention. HRPTS as an internet-based health care service holds value for early diagnosis, treatment, and health care optimization in urban China. However, significant concerns regarding test accuracy, data privacy, and regulatory accountability within this evolving digital health sector should be addressed to strengthen respiratory disease prevention in the postpandemic era.
15. Availability of Screening for Blood-Borne Viruses, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) at U.S. Substance Use Treatment Facilities Treating Stimulant Use Disorder.
期刊: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Stimulant misuse is associated with greater incidence of HIV, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Substance use treatment facilities are an important site of care for people with stimulant use disorder (StUD). Accessible testing for HIV, HCV, and STIs, HIV treatment, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and HCV treatment are essential for controlling these syndemics. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2024 National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS) to describe availability of HIV, HCV, and STI testing and HIV treatment, PrEP, and HCV treatment at substance use treatment facilities treating StUD. Additionally, we compared the percentage of facilities with each service available between 2021-2024. Of included facilities (N=12,118), HIV testing was available at 36.2%, HCV testing at 35.1%, STI testing at 31.0%. HIV treatment was available at 15.9%, PrEP at 11.2%, and HCV treatment at 17.9% of facilities. Of facilities that did not offer HIV or HCV testing, 9.50% and 8.60% had the capacity to collect blood samples, respectively. Of facilities without available STI testing, 87.2% had the capacity to collect urine samples. There were 759 facilities with HIV and 1,063 with HCV treatment without PrEP availability. Between 2021-2024, the percentage with each service increased however the gaps between service availability also remained constant. Few substance use treatment facilities provided HIV, HCV, and STI testing, PrEP, and treatment. Yet, many collect biospecimens required for testing or management of PrEP. Expansion of these services and co-location with treatment facilities are crucial strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment of HIV, HCV, and STI in individuals with StUD.
16. Endogenous retroviruses synthesize heterologous chimeric RNAs to reinforce human early embryo development.
期刊: Science (New York, N.Y.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) failure leads to developmental arrest and poses a clinical challenge to women’s fertility. We observed that human embryos arresting at the eight-cell ZGA stage exhibited specific down-regulation of endogenous retrovirus MLT2A1. Depleting MLT2A1 resulted in a failure in embryo development and a reduction in ZGA gene expression. Mechanistically, MLT2A1s synthesized chimeric transcripts with downstream coding and noncoding sequences, predominantly with heterologous retro-transposable elements. These diverse fusion sequences expanded the genome-targeting spectrum of MLT2A1 RNAs. Nevertheless, the shared MLT2A1 sequences partnered with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) to recruit RNA polymerase II, promoting global transcription of ZGA genes and autoamplification of the MLT2A1 subfamily. Thus, MLT2A1 chimeric RNAs formed an interlocking network that acts synergistically to boost human ZGA and early embryogenesis.
17. Cooperation of Carboxylate and Sulfonate Ligands in a High-Efficiency Ru Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation.
期刊: Journal of the American Chemical Society 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The development of efficient electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation is crucial for utilizing ammonia as a fuel. Herein, by employing a hybrid bipyridine-carboxylate-sulfonate ligand, we successfully optimized the primary and secondary coordination spheres of a Ru-based ammonia oxidation catalyst. The resulting [Ru(bcs-κ3O,N,N)(Py)2(NH3)] (Ru-bcs-NH3; bcs = 2,2’-bipyridine-6-carboxylate-6’-sulfonate; Py = pyridine) catalyst achieves a record turnover number (TON = 1.2 × 104, after heterogenization) and catalytic rate (kobs = 230 s-1) among reported molecular systems in organic phase. Compared with the analogues Ru-bds-NH3 (bds = 2,2’-bipyridine-6,6’-disulfonate) and Ru-bda-NH3 (bda = 2,2’-bipyridine-6,6’-dicarboxylate), we revealed the division of labor between carboxylate and sulfonate groups during ammonia oxidation by Ru-bcs-NH3: the coordinated carboxylate provides strong electron donation to lower the redox potential and the energy barrier of the rate-determining step, while the dangling sulfonate group enables efficient proton shuttling without competing with the key active site. This work establishes ruthenium complexes with bifunctional ligand environments as promising molecular platforms for the efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen.
18. Urban Runoff Toxicity to Aquatic Species: Physiological and Biomarker Responses with Toxicant Characterization.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Urban runoff often contains a complex mixture of contaminants that may include plastics, pesticides, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, metals, tire wear debris, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Widespread urbanization has made untreated urban runoff a major pathway for environmental contamination that can pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. While existing literature reviews have focused on the sources and composition of urban runoff or the toxicity of the single contaminants, a comprehensive understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of whole complex mixtures of urban runoff contaminants is lacking, particularly regarding their short- and long-term impacts across different trophic levels. This review uniquely synthesizes the effects of urban runoff mixtures, examining both organism- and molecular-level responses in aquatic species. In addition, we developed the UrbanRunoffRisk R package to automate and improve risk assessments of urban runoff mixtures. The tool integrates predicted environmental concentration (PEC) with EC50/LC50 values for key aquatic species, ensuring reliable and reproducible calculations. Our analysis reveals that most existing studies focus on organismal and physiological responses to acute exposures, with limited attention paid to molecular mechanisms or identification of the toxicants driving observed effects. By combining organismal and molecular insights with a mixture of toxicity assessment and model-based risk evaluation, this review provides a novel synthesis of urban runoff ecotoxicology. Future research should also explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of urban runoff mixtures and the development of practical and diverse risk assessment models. Such advancements are critical for understanding and mitigating the ecological impacts of chemical mixtures in urban runoff.
19. Occupational Heat Risk at the 2026 FIFA World Cup: Implications for Worker Safety.
期刊: Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The 2026 FIFA World Cup will be held in 16 cities across the United States, Mexico, and Canada, exposing tens of thousands of workers to varying occupational heat stress in June-July. While prior research largely examined risks to players and spectators, this study evaluates heat exposure among the workforce. Using 30 years (1991-2020) of hourly meteorological data, we calculated wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) and assessed exceedance of NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (REL) and Recommended Alert Limits (RAL) across multiple activity levels and work/rest schedules. Results show inter-city variation. Hot, humid locations such as Houston, Miami, and Monterrey often reach maximum WBGTs near 31°C, frequently exceeding safety thresholds, particularly for higher workloads and longer shifts. Cooler cities like Seattle and San Francisco usually have maximum WBGTs below 20°C and remain under thresholds in typical conditions but face acute hazards during extreme events, such as the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave when WBGTs exceeded 32°C. Shading reduces heat stress by lowering peak WBGTs by ~2-3°C and substantially decreasing RAL and REL exceedance frequencies. Acclimatization further influences risk, as lower RAL thresholds for unacclimatized workers result in more frequent and prolonged exceedances across all work intensities and rest schedules compared with acclimatized workers. These findings highlight the need for venue-specific heat management plans reflecting local climate, workload, and rest patterns. Given varied protections, FIFA and host cities should adopt evidence-based measures such as flexible scheduling, hydration and cooling access, and acclimatization protocols, along with contingency plans for rare extreme heat waves.
20. An online fall prevention and management program for wheelchair and scooter users: clinicians' perspectives.
期刊: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Objective: This study explored clinicians’ perspectives on the usefulness, effectiveness, technology’s role, and improvement areas of the Individualised Reduction of Falls Online (iROLL-O) program, a group-based online fall prevention intervention for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) or spinal cord injury (PwSCI) who use wheelchairs and scooters (WC/S) full-time. Methods: Occupational and physical therapists with at least four years of clinical experience working with PwMS or PwSCI who used WC/S (N = 5), were recruited for the study. Clinicians reviewed the iROLL-O program and completed Zoom-based semi-structured interviews to provide feedback on the program. Three research team members conducted thematic analysis through iterative coding, with major codes derived from research questions and others generated inductively. Results: Four themes emerged to capture the clinician’s views on the iROLL program: (1) Practical and Comprehensive Nature of the iROLL Program, (2) Mechanisms of Change for the iROLL Program, (3) Role of Online Delivery Method and (4) Opportunities for Improvement. Conclusion: This study demonstrates iROLL-O’s potential effectiveness for fall prevention among PwMS and PwSCI who use WC/S full-time. Findings emphasise the importance of tailored, accessible programming for enhanced engagement. Clinicians valued iROLL’s comprehensive, flexible approach. Future research should aim to refine online delivery and expand the evaluation of program efficacy. Targeted online fall prevention programs (e.g., Individualised Reduction of Falls- Online (iROLL-O)) should be prioritised for full-time wheelchair and scooter (WC/S) users to overcome accessibility barriers, particularly for rural populations and those without on-site services.Structured peer-group interactions should be integrated into fall prevention interventions to build confidence in transfer skills through shared problem-solving and social learning.Client-centered self-management tools (e.g., reflective journaling, action plans) showed promise in a fall prevention program to help WC/S users identify personal fall risks (e.g., fatigue, home hazards) and foster accountability for skill practice.Fall prevention content needs to be tailored by mobility device type (manual vs. power wheelchairs) and diagnosis (Spinal Cord Injury versus Multiple Sclerosis) to address distinct fall risks and avoid cognitive overload.
21. Health Professions Education and Training Programs in Health Care for Homeless Individuals: A Scoping Review.
期刊: Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
In 2024, homelessness in the United States reached a historic peak. Homelessness creates challenges for affected individuals and health care professionals. Although research suggests that health professions education (HPE) students and trainees and homeless patients can benefit from educational and training programs in health care for homeless individuals (homeless health care), how many programs exist or are effective is unknown. This scoping review identifies programs, synthesizes outcomes, summarizes gaps, and provides recommendations to advance practice. In May 2023, the authors used keywords including homelessness and medical education to search for peer-reviewed and gray literature published from January 2000 to December 2024 about homeless health care programs for students and trainees in clinical psychology, dentistry, medicine, nursing, occupational and physical therapy, pharmacy, physician assistant, public health, and social work. The latest peer-reviewed literature searches were completed in August 2025 using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC, and the latest gray literature was drawn in September 2025 from HPE institutional websites in 20 cities with large homeless populations. The authors identified 167 HPE homeless health care programs, most commonly in medicine (123 [73.7%]), nursing (57 [34.1%]), and social work (40 [24.0%]). Student-run clinics (67 [40.1%]) and street medicine programs (55 [32.9%]) were the most prevalent program types. Only 27 (16.2%) evaluated student, trainee, or patient outcomes, and only 24 (14.4%) described a program curriculum. Many HPE institutions lack homeless health care programming, and certain professions and regions are underrepresented. Programs are often student-led and challenging to sustain. However, evaluations have demonstrated significant potential benefits for students, trainees, and homeless patients. Educators have described effective practices, curricula, and tools to create, sustain, and evaluate homeless health care programs. The authors recommend incorporating effective practices, creating programs for underrepresented professions and regions, and developing interprofessional competencies for homeless health care.
22. Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Indonesian adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study.
期刊: Journal of pediatric nursing 发表日期: 2026-Jan-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
To determine the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Data were obtained from the Indonesian Health Survey 2023, conducted across 38 provinces using a cross-sectional design and stratified sampling. This study analyzed 2992 adolescents and young adults aged 16-24 with complete data on all variables. Data analysis used binary logistic regression and is presented as unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with each variable and its 95% confidence interval (CI) shown. The prevalence of MetS among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia is 13.36%, as reported in a study of 2992 individuals in this age group. In the adjusted analysis, high-risk consumption behavior categorized as frequent (AOR 9.88, 95% CI 2.57-37.88, P-value 0.001) and a body mass index (BMI) classified as obese (AOR 15.60, 95% CI 11.30-21.53, P-value 0.000) were significantly associated with higher odds of MetS in this population. High-risk consumption behavior and obesity are the main risk factors significantly associated with MetS in adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Health services for adolescents and young adults should include education on the prevention of MetS, focusing on obesity prevention, maintaining a balanced diet, and reducing high-risk consumption behaviors. Furthermore, early detection of MetS in this population should be a top priority in health services.
23. Cigarette smoking prevalence and its risk factors, including social anxiety and depression, among adolescents in Turkey: A school-based cross-sectional study.
期刊: Journal of pediatric nursing 发表日期: 2026-Jan-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking and levels of social anxiety and depression among adolescents and examine the risk factors that influence smoking. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey in 2025 with 3636 adolescents aged 13-19 years. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Basic Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were used for the data analysis. The prevalence of smoking in this study was 9.5%. Sex, grade level, having family members or friends who smoke, social anxiety, and depression were identified as significant smoking risk factors. Specifically, having peers who smoke increased the likelihood of adolescent smoking by 9.627 times, whereas having family members who smoke increased this likelihood by 1.412 times. Additionally, each one-unit increase in social anxiety score was associated with a 1.6% increase in the likelihood of smoking, whereas each one-unit increase in depression score was associated with a 5.2% increase. The findings revealed that depression and social anxiety are critical psychological variables that must be considered when understanding cigarette smoking. School nurses can develop comprehensive approaches to reduce peer influence and strengthen psychosocial support systems in anti-smoking programs for adolescents. Additionally, they can facilitate the expansion of school-based mental health screenings.
24. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes following bariatric surgery: Reconciling seemingly conflicting evidence.
期刊: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Substantial observational evidence exists in support of bariatric surgery being associated with reduction in risk for a wide range of outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes. Two recent studies, however, argued that much of that prior work suffers from various sources of underappreciated bias as well as design decisions that compromise whether one can conceive of a corresponding target trial. Furthermore, results based on analyses of claims data from Optum and electronic health record data from the Veterans Administration (VA) are presented as providing evidence of no CVD benefit for bariatric surgery in patients with diabetes. In this paper, we use data from a prior Kaiser Permanente study to emulate a trial that mimics the methods employed in the VA study. This new analysis finds a reduction in risk of CVD in patients with diabetes, consistent with pre-existing evidence. We discuss possible mechanisms by which the discrepant results can be reconciled, including issues of statistical validity that arise from small samples, whether recent work on transportability indicates that we should not always expect results to always be concordant and the role of conservatism associated with “clinical trial thinking”. We conclude with a discussion of what standards should be used when considering the work of others in the literature and the role that evidence triangulation may be play in the future.
25. El Dolor Es Lo Que Me Saluda: A Qualitative Study on Multilevel and Intersectional Factors Impacting Physical Activity Among Latino Persons With Chronic Spine Pain.
期刊: Journal of physical activity & health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-20 链接: PubMed
摘要
Latino persons with chronic spine pain (CSP) face distinct challenges to engaging in physical activity (PA) that may be explained by factors at multiple levels of the socioecological model and by intersecting oppressions. The objective of this study was to use the socioecological model and intersectionality framework to explore multilevel and intersecting determinants of PA among Latino persons with CSP using a qualitative approach. A purposive sample of Latino persons with CSP living in the United States near the US-Mexican border completed a demographic survey and participated in semistructured interviews. Interview questions related to PA experiences were based on the socioecological model and intersectionality framework. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded deductively using rapid qualitative analysis in the original language (English or Spanish). Participants (N = 25, 65% women, 72% Spanish speakers) identified factors at the intrapersonal (eg, pain severity, mobility limitations, activity pacing, negative mental, and emotional states), interpersonal (eg, social support and competing social priorities), and environmental (eg, physical residence, neighborhood walkability, and neighborhood safety) levels. Individual PA experiences differed at varying intersections of culture with gender, geography, socioeconomic status, and employment status among Latino persons with CSP. Latino persons with CSP face multilevel barriers to PA engagement that vary across social identities and impact the support, safety, and resources needed to engage in PA. Study findings can inform future PA interventions that tailor strategies to the unique needs of this population, with the goal of improving PA levels and pain management.
26. Impact of anthropogenic activities on the ecosystem and emergence of bat-borne zoonotic diseases.
期刊: Virology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
About 70 % of zoonotic infectious diseases originate from wildlife reservoirs, particularly bats, primates, and rodents. Bats comprise about 20 % of all known mammal species worldwide and have been identified as reservoir and carrier hosts of various viral disease outbreaks. They also play a crucial role in viral adaptation and evolution. Given this inherent risk, this review focuses on how anthropogenic activities (habitat destruction, agricultural intensification, bushmeat hunting, and occupational exposure) and climate change are increasing the frequency and intensity of bat-human contact. These factors accelerate the emergence and spillover of bat-borne viruses, posing a significant threat to global public health. We also summarize examples from the families Rhabdoviridae, Flaviviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Reoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Hepeviridae, showing how anthropogenic factors have direct consequences on the spillover of bat-borne zoonotic diseases.
27. Deciphering the roles of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in promoting the transmission of antibiotic resistance.
期刊: Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 发表日期: 2026-Jan-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer drives the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, posing a global threat to public health. Besides extruding antibiotics, bacterial multidrug efflux pumps modulate virulence, yet their influence on resistance plasmid spread in antibiotic-free settings remains undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump is critical for the horizontal transfer of model plasmid RP4-7 and diverse clinical resistance plasmids. Single deletions of acrA, acrB or tolC significantly reduce plasmid transfer, and complementation fully restores conjugative frequencies to control levels. Mechanistic investigations reveal that acrB deficiency reduces interbacterial contact, diminishes energy metabolism, and impairs activity of the glutamate decarboxylase, quorum sensing and the conjugative systems. Furthermore, we identify chlorpromazine as a potential AcrB ligand, which blocks plasmid transfer both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings reveal the role of efflux pumps in plasmid transfer and underscore AcrB as a druggable target to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance.
28. Defining and Estimating Outcomes Directly Averted by a Vaccination Program when Rollout Occurs Over Time.
期刊: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
During the COVID-19 pandemic, estimating the total deaths averted by vaccination was of great public health interest. Instead of estimating total deaths averted by vaccination among both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, some studies empirically estimated only “directly averted” deaths among vaccinated individuals, typically suggesting that vaccines prevented more deaths among unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals than directly among vaccinated individuals only, due to the indirect effect. Here, we define the causal estimand to quantify outcomes “directly averted” by vaccination-i.e., the impact of vaccination for vaccinated individuals, holding vaccination coverage fixed-for vaccination at multiple time points, which is a lower bound on the total outcomes averted when the indirect effect is non-negative. We develop an unbiased estimator for the causal estimand in a one-stage randomized controlled trial (RCT) and explore the bias of a popular “hazard difference” estimator frequently used in empirical studies. We show that even in an RCT, the hazard difference estimator is biased if vaccination has a non-null effect, as it fails to incorporate the greater depletion of susceptibles among the unvaccinated individuals. In simulations, the overestimation is small for averted deaths when infection-fatality rate is low, as for many important pathogens. However, the overestimation can be large for averted infections given a high basic reproduction number and a high vaccine efficacy against infection. Additionally, we define and compare estimand and estimators for avertible outcomes (i.e., outcomes that could have been averted by vaccination, but were not due to failure to vaccinate). Future studies can explore the identifiability of the causal estimand in observational settings.
29. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Interventions in Thailand: A Systematic Review.
期刊: Journal of physical activity & health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior contribute substantially to Thailand’s noncommunicable disease burden. This systematic review identified and evaluated articles that reported interventions implemented in Thailand to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registration in PROSPERO (CRD42024523843), 5 international databases, Google Scholar, and Thai-language sources were searched for 2014-2024. Eligible articles evaluated interventions conducted in Thailand reporting individual-level physical activity or sedentary behavior outcomes. Four reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions-I. Interventions were categorized by component domain, and results were synthesized narratively by direction and statistical significance. Of 17,604 records identified, 22 articles, comprising 7 randomized controlled trials and 15 nonrandomized designs, met the inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 104 weeks (median = 12) and primarily targeted adults (68.2%). Among these, 21 articles assessed physical activity, and 9 assessed sedentary behavior. Educational components were most common (17 articles), followed by technology-assisted tools (12), exercise activities (9), and environmental strategies (6); all generally demonstrated improvements in physical activity or reductions in sedentary behavior, and multicomponent interventions integrating 2 or more elements (17 articles) showed favorable outcomes across both behaviors. Most were rated as having a moderate to serious risk of bias, while 7 were assessed as low risk. Interventions in Thailand generally increased physical activity, while sedentary behavior was less frequently examined. Educational, technological, exercise, and environmental approaches improved awareness, self-monitoring, and opportunities for movement, but most interventions were short term and small scale.
30. Sustainable fabric-phase sorptive extraction membrane characterization and comprehensive greenness assessment for detecting pharmaceutical adulterants in herbal slimming products.
期刊: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study presents a sustainable analytical approach centered on the characterization and environmental evaluation of a sol-gel Carbowax 20M-coated fabric-phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) membrane designed for detecting pharmaceutical adulterants-specifically fluoxetine and sibutramine-in herbal slimming products. The membrane was synthesized via in situ sol-gel immobilization and characterized using FTIR and SEM, confirming the formation of a uniform and porous sorbent layer that maintained the structural integrity and permeability of the cellulose fabric substrate. Under optimized conditions, the developed FPSE-HPLC-DAD method achieved limits of detection (LOD) of 4.28 ng mL-1 for fluoxetine and 5.71 ng mL-1 for sibutramine, with recoveries ranging between 94.2% and 112.5% and relative standard deviations (RSD) below 5.2%. The linear ranges extended from 15 to 900 ng mL-1 for fluoxetine and 20-1200 ng mL-1 for sibutramine, demonstrating strong linearity (R2 > 0.99). Beyond analytical validation, the environmental performance of the method was systematically assessed using six recognized greenness and applicability metrics: AGREE (score = 0.63), MoGAPI, AGSA, BAGI (> 60), CACI (62%), and AGREEprep, all confirming high sustainability and practical applicability. These findings highlight that the sol-gel Carbowax 20M coated FPSE membrane provides a low-cost, solvent-efficient, and environmentally responsible platform for the routine screening of undeclared pharmaceutical compounds in complex herbal matrices.
31. Workplace Wellness Redefined: How Physical Activity Enhances Life Satisfaction Through Work-Life Balance, Competence Satisfaction, and Job Motivation in Banking and Insurance Employees in Small Societies.
期刊: Journal of physical activity & health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study is to present how physical activity (PA) affects life satisfaction (LS) among individuals working in small societies with stressful and sedentary work environments. This study investigates the complex pathways through which PA enhances LS among banking and insurance employees-a population facing unique occupational stressors within a small society context of 476,214 residents. Drawing on Conservation of Resources and Self-Determination theories, this study examines how work-life balance, competence satisfaction, and job motivation mediate this relationship. Data collected from 429 banking and insurance employees in Northern Cyprus were analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro to test direct and indirect effects. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with hardcopy questionnaires distributed to employees across both sectors. Results reveal that PA significantly influences LS both directly (β = 0.137, P = .004) and through multiple mediating pathways. Notably, work-life balance fully mediates the relationship between PA and competence satisfaction, supporting the resource-generation function of exercise. The significant serial mediation pathway demonstrates how regular PA initiates a positive chain reaction in professional settings. Furthermore, these findings uncover bidirectional relationships between workplace factors and LS, suggesting a more dynamic interplay than previously theorized. These results provide compelling evidence that workplace wellness initiatives should integrate PA programs with supportive work-life balance policies to maximize employee well-being. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based strategies to enhance employee quality of life in demanding professional environments.
32. Mapping the regulatory landscape for environmental sustainability of medical device practices within the European Union.
期刊: European journal of public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Regulatory frameworks that integrate environmental sustainability into the lifecycle of medical devices (MDs) are essential to ensure quality, safety, and effectiveness for patients while minimizing environmental impact. The Medical Device Regulation 2017/745/EC (MDR) establishes the core framework for MDs, but additional EU legislation addresses Ecodesign, sustainable packaging, financial incentives, and waste management. Although sustainability is not explicitly included in the MDR, understanding how complementary EU regulations contribute to the European Green Deal agenda is crucial to inform decisionmakers and guide future integration of sustainability principles into medical device governance. We employed a validated policy mapping methodology, derived from the scoping review approach and adapted to systematically identify and analyse regulatory documents from policy repositories rather than academic databases. This method has been previously applied in diverse policy domains, including health, education, and digital innovation. Findings were reported according to the PRISMA-ScR. Eight binding regulations that are either directly applicable or transferable to MDs in the European Union were identified. Together, they introduce requirements on Ecodesign, packaging, financial incentives, and waste management. These complement the MDR framework by embedding sustainability principles into various stages of the MD lifecycle, even though they are not explicitly mandated within the MDR itself. While environmental sustainability provisions remain absent from the MDR, complementary EU regulations create an emerging framework that supports systemic economic transformation in line with the European Green Deal. Future research should examine enforcement and practical implementation of this framework across Member States to assess its impact on medical device regulation and environmental performance.
33. People With Marfan Syndrome Utilize an Ankle Dominant Strategy to Perform the Sit-to-Stand Task.
期刊: Journal of applied biomechanics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by structural changes in fibrillin-1 and is associated with muscle weakness and joint pain. The understanding of lower extremity (LE) joint mechanics associated with joint pain in people with MFS is limited. The goal of this study was to assess LE joint mechanics during the sit-to-stand (STS) task in people with MFS compared with asymptomatic controls. Sixteen people with MFS and 16 sex- and body mass index-matched controls were tested in this study. All participants performed the STS task at a self-selected speed. Peak LE joint extensor moments, moment impulses, moment durations, time to task completion, total support moment (TSM), and each joint’s contribution to the TSM were evaluated. People with MFS took longer to perform the task and exhibited lower peak knee extensor moments and higher peak ankle plantar flexor moments compared with controls. Higher LE joint extensor moments impulses and moment durations were observed in people with MFS. People with MFS performed the STS task using a higher TSM with higher ankle contributions to the TSM. People with MFS exhibit altered LE joint mechanics during the STS task and utilize a more ankle joint dominant strategy.
34. Discourses of Climate Delay in the Fields of Physical Activity and Sport Promotion.
期刊: Journal of physical activity & health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
35. Exploring the implementation of the school-based obesity prevention Familie+ intervention: a pilot mixed-methods study of teachers' perceptions.
期刊: Health education research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Teachers play a pivotal role as implementers in school-based obesity prevention interventions. Given the influence of teachers’ perceptions on the implementation process, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the delivery of, ratings on, and influencing factors for the implementation of the school-based Familie+ intervention delivered in low socioeconomic regions in Germany. Building upon the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Implementation Outcomes by Proctor, we conducted a sequential mixed-methods study design. Delivery of the intervention activities, their ratings, and influencing factors were assessed using questionnaires and interviews at two time points. Deductive qualitative content analysis using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was applied to the interview data to support the questionnaire data. Mixed-methods data are jointly presented. Overall, delivery of the intervention varied, with the nutrition activities most often delivered. Teachers valued the intervention activities overall positively. The main factors influencing implementation were related to the intervention materials themselves (e.g. high complexity and limited adaptability) and procedures within the school (e.g. mixed compatibility with workflows). School-based interventions should incorporate principal engagement and strengthen cooperation within the school team. Flexible interventions with multiple options for adaptations should be provided.
36. The association between hypoglycemia and panvascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients: The correlation structure mediated by inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities.
期刊: Diabetes & vascular disease research 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundHypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients is associated with metabolic abnormalities and inflammation that affect vascular beds. The relationship between hypoglycemia and panvascular disease (PVD) is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the association between PVD and hypoglycemia, and to identify potential mediators.MethodThis retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled Patients from two centers in Chongqing China, and the results were further validated using UK Biobank data. Logistic regression was used to test the association of hypoglycemia and PVD. Stratification and interaction analyses to test the effects across study subgroups. Forward (hypoglycemia to PVD) and reverse (PVD to hypoglycemia) relationships were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM), which included interleukin-6, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, uric acid, hemoglobin A1c, and systolic blood pressure.Results22,128 patients diagnosed with T2DM at two large centers and 44442 T2DM participants from the UK Biobank were enrolled. A significant association between hypoglycemia and PVD was found. Subgroup analysis found hypoglycemia was more strongly associated with PVD in patients with inflammatory abnormalities and metabolic dysfunction. SEM suggested a correlation structure between hypoglycemia and PVD which might mutually aggravated each other through inflammation and metabolism pathways.ConclusionThis is the first study that described the correlation structure between hypoglycemia and PVD with a large population. Within this potential mutual association, inflammation and metabolism might be mediators. Our study also highlights the insufficient attention clinicians pay to hypoglycemia and PVD, and further attention is needed in future clinical practice and research.
37. Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health worker programs on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in low- and middle-income countries (2015-2024): A scoping review.
期刊: PLOS global public health 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Community Health Workers (CHWs) are vital in delivering primary health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To inform their broader rollout, this study updates a 2015 review, critically examining the costs, cost-effectiveness and affordability of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) CHW programs in LMICs. A scoping review was conducted using ten databases and grey literature, covering studies published between August 2015 and July 2024. Search terms related to “Community Health Workers” and “Economic Evaluations” were used. Studies were screened via Covidence software based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on study methodology, costs, and outcomes were extracted, tabulated in Microsoft Excel, and analysed. Across 53 studies (21 about reproductive health, maternal and newborn care and 32 child health focused), covering 161 scenarios, the most common cost metrics for CHW-led interventions were cost per beneficiary (ranging from $0.02 to $1,547), cost per capita (ranging from $0.09 to $20.25), and cost per consultation (ranging from $0.26 to $52.91). Of 100 scenarios that assessed cost-effectiveness, the majority concluded CHWs were cost-effective, most frequently when compared against an alternative service or delivery modality, such as facility-based care, or the no-longer widely accepted threshold of a country’s gross domestic product per capita. Few studies assessed the affordability of CHW programs for government and/or partners. Evidence suggests that CHWs are often more cost-effective than alternative service or delivery modalities, particularly for child health. The evidence is however constrained by the heterogeneity of methods and reporting standards. To best guide future implementation of CHW programs, future research should focus on whether these interventions are affordable to governments and/or partners.
38. Feature recess-time sports activities as a school-based intervention to improve fitness in rural Chinese youth.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
China’s national school health policies face persistent implementation gaps, particularly in rural high schools prioritizing Gaokao. National surveys (2010-2019) documented alarming fitness declines: 50-m sprint speeds decreased (+0.3s boys; + 0.4s girls), pull-ups/sit-ups fell 29%/20%, and standing jumps shortened 6-7 cm. A 16-week cluster quasi-experiment assigned intact rural high school classes (N = 98; age = 16.35 ± 0.48years) to: • Experimental (n = 50): Feature Recess-Time Sports Activities (FRTSA; 5x30-min/week). • Control (n = 48): Standard supervised running. Blinded assessors conducted the National Student Physical Health Standard tests. FRTSA elicited significant improvements versus control: • Speed: 50-m sprint (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.18, d = 0.75). • Explosive Power: Standing jump (p = 0.022, η2 = 0.05, d = 0.41). • Flexibility: Sit-and-reach (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.12, d = 0.60). • Strength: Male pull-ups (p = 0.030, d = 0.41); female sit-ups (p = 0.029, d = 0.45). No endurance benefits emerged (1000m/800m: all p > 0.05, d ≤ 0.18). FRTSA is effective in enhancing speed, explosive power, flexibility, and strength, supporting policy integration of structured activity programs in rural schools.
39. Determinants of outpatient service use among Orang Asli in Malaysia using Andersen's Behavioural Model.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Indigenous populations, including the Orang Asli in Malaysia, experience persistent health disparities due to historical, socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural barriers. Despite government initiatives to improve access, significant gaps remain, and limited nationwide data hinder policy development. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of outpatient healthcare utilisation among the Orang Asli. This study utilised data from the Orang Asli Health Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Orang Asli communities in Peninsular Malaysia, with 89.8% response rate. Andersen’s Behavioural Model was applied in the analysis to assess the predisposing, enabling, and health need factors influencing outpatient healthcare use among the adult (aged 18 and over) population. Weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine outpatient healthcare utilisation and its determinants. Analyses were performed in STATA 18. The overall prevalence of outpatient service utilisation in the past 12 months was 17.9%. Higher utilisation was observed among females, urban residents, and the Senoi and Negrito tribes. Determinants of outpatient use included female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.31-2.06), urban locality (aOR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.15-4.96), Senoi (aOR 2.66; 95% CI: 1.52-4.64) and Negrito (aOR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.01-7.60) tribes, unemployment (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.46), recent acute health problems (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.68-2.81), fair to very poor self-rated health (aOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.39-3.79), and presence of one (aOR: 2.90, 95% CI: 2.00-4.21) or two or more non-communicable diseases (NCD) (aOR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.89-7.41). Interaction effects indicated lower outpatient use among Senoi and Negrito adults with poor self-rated health compared to other groups. Outpatient healthcare utilisation among Orang Asli adults was driven by gender, tribe, health needs, and NCDs. Improved access requires needs-based sensitive interventions and existing services optimisation. Follow-up studies are warranted to explore the underlying cultural behavioural aspects.
40. Psychological distress among Japanese high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An energy landscape analysis.
期刊: PLoS medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The stay-at-home orders, lockdowns, and states of emergency of the Coronavirus Infectious Disease emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have affected the mental health of school-aged children. Previous reports of psychological distress in adolescents during the pandemic have been mixed, however, with some reports showing increases in psychological distress and others suggesting decreases. To accurately assess the impact of the pandemic, we need to be able to compare psychological assessments longitudinally, both before and during the pandemic. However, current statistical methods have limitations for reconstructing the complex trajectory of psychological states as captured by short-item questionnaires. In this study, we analyzed monthly Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) questionnaire responses collected from 16- to 18-year-old high school students participating in the population-neuroscience Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn-TTC) in Japan (1,278 responses from 84 participants). Participants included 42 males and 42 females. The pn-TTC is a population-based longitudinal study conducted in Tokyo, Japan that follows children to investigate their developmental and mental health trajectories. In addition to conventional statistical approaches that summarize multiple questionnaire items into a composite score, we applied “energy landscape analysis,” a method derived from statistical physics that models multivariate psychological states as a dynamic system of interactions among K6 questionnaire items, to visualize longitudinal changes in psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (July 2019 to September 2021). Here, we define the depressive and healthy states as configurations in which all six K6 items are above or below each participant’s individual mean, respectively. Before the pandemic, the healthy state occurred 11.0 times as frequently as the depressive state. In contrast, during the pandemic, the relative frequency of the healthy state increased to 18.2, 18.5, and 15.0 times that of the depressive state, respectively. The evolving energy landscape revealed an association between the pandemic period and a lower likelihood of being in a depressive state. We also identified two groups of students with different K6 dynamics and energy landscapes. The first group consisted of 61 participants whose total K6 score was relatively low (less than 5) and stable over time, and the second group consisted of 23 participants whose total K6 score was higher (with most being higher than 5) and less stable. The latter group showed a greater change in cortical thickness in the caudal part of the middle frontal gyrus (cMFG) (t-statistic = -2.36, p-value = 0.019, q-value = 0.048) and the temporal pole (TP) (t = 3.08, p = 0.0023, q = 0.012), as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, in the direction of accelerated adolescent brain development. Because all participants lived in Tokyo, generalizability remains limited, and as the association between psychological states and brain development is descriptive, future studies in diverse cohorts are needed to examine causality. By revealing associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and lower levels of psychological distress and healthier mental health states, our work demonstrates the potential of using dynamical systems theory, such as the energy landscape analysis, to interpret health and disease metrics in psychology and psychiatry. This approach may improve mental health surveillance for the next pandemic.
41. Cardiovascular health in women: a consensus document of the Italian Cardiovascular Societies.
期刊: Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women, yet sex-specific and gender-specific differences in disease pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment response are often underappreciated. This article presents the findings of a multidisciplinary expert consensus involving 59 specialists from cardiovascular and affine scientific societies. Experts were divided into 11 working groups, each focusing on distinct aspects of cardiovascular risk, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in women. Utilizing a Delphi-like method, 71 key statements were developed, refined, and evaluated to establish a consensus on best practices for addressing sex-specific and gender-specific disparities in cardiovascular care. The findings underscore critical gaps in current guidelines, particularly regarding hormonal influences, pharmacological responses, and environmental and socioeconomic determinants of cardiovascular risk in women. The consensus highlights the need for improved screening strategies, individualized risk assessment models incorporating female-specific factors, and increased representation of women in cardiovascular research. Telemedicine and digital health tools offer promising solutions for bridging existing disparities. The study reinforces the necessity for a paradigm shift in cardiovascular medicine, advocating for gender-sensitive policies and clinical guidelines. Future research should focus on integrating gender-specific considerations into all facets of cardiovascular care to optimize outcomes for women.
42. Nonparametric Bayesian Adjustment of Unmeasured Confounders in Cox Proportional Hazards Models.
期刊: Statistics in medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Unmeasured confounders pose a major challenge in accurately estimating causal effects in observational studies. To address this issue when estimating hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards models, several methods, including instrumental variables (IVs) approaches, have been proposed. However, these methods often face limitations, such as weak IV problems and restrictive assumptions regarding unmeasured confounder distributions. In this study, we introduce a novel nonparametric Bayesian procedure that provides accurate HR estimates while addressing these limitations. A key assumption of our approach is that unmeasured confounders exhibit a cluster structure. Under this assumption, we integrate two remarkable Bayesian techniques, the Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) and general Bayes (GB), to simultaneously (1) detect latent clusters based on the likelihood of exposure and outcome variables and (2) estimate HRs using the likelihood constructed within each cluster. Notably, leveraging DPM, our procedure eliminates the need for IVs by identifying unmeasured confounders under an alternative condition. Additionally, GB techniques remove the need for explicit modeling of the baseline hazard function, distinguishing our procedure from traditional Bayesian approaches. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian procedure outperforms existing methods in some performance metrics. Moreover, it achieves statistical efficiency comparable to the efficient estimator while accurately identifying cluster structures. These features highlight its ability to overcome challenges associated with traditional IV approaches for time-to-event data.
43. The effect of comprehensive intervention on family support and the mediating effect between intervention and changes in children's dietary and physical activity behaviors.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Childhood overweight and obesity have become one of the major global public health problems. Family support plays an important role in the development of children’s healthy behaviors. This study aimed to assess the effect of a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity on family support and to examine the mediating effect of family support between the intervention and changes in children’s dietary and physical activity behaviors. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted from 2018 to 2019, involving 396 students from eight elementary schools in Changzhi City, China. Data on children’s dietary habits, physical activity, and family support were collected via structured questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the effects of the intervention on family support and its mediating effects were examined. After one academic year, the intervention group demonstrated a higher level of family support compared to the control group (OR = 2.539, 95% CI: 2.163-5.402), with increases observed from fathers (OR = 1.910, 95% CI: 1.620-4.087), mothers (OR = 3.624, 95% CI: 1.826-4.092), and grandmothers (OR = 1.289, 95% CI: 1.009-1.648). Mediation analysis indicated that changes in family support partially mediated the association between the intervention and improvements in children’s dietary habits and screen time. The comprehensive intervention effectively enhanced family support, and changes in family support served as a mediator for the improvements in children’s dietary behaviors. Integrating family based strategies into the comprehensive childhood obesity prevention programs may further enhance intervention efficacy.
44. Impact of COVID-19 on new pharmacotherapy for insomnia: A matched cohort study using the national insurance claims database in Japan.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected impacted both physical and mental well-being. This matched cohort study investigated the effects of COVID-19 on pharmacological treatments for insomnia, using Japan’s National Insurance Claims Database. Data were matched by age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, and enrollment month. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and incidence rate differences (IRD) were calculated and compared for insomnia medication initiation, and subgroups based on age and sex categories. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for segmented intervals of 0-4, 5-12, and after 12 months. The study included approximately 2 million pairs, predominantly women (59.4%), with a median follow-up of 7 months (Interquartile range, 4-12). Initiation of any insomnia medications occurred 77626 and 43142 times in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively. IRR for new prescriptions was 1.7 times higher in the COVID-19 group (IRR: 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-1.73), with an IRD of 1,634 events per 1,000,000 person-months (95%CI: 1599-1669). Non-Benzodiazepines and short-acting Benzodiazepines had the highest excess burdens among secondary endpoints. The risk was observed in all age categories, even in under 20 years (younger individuals: IRR: 1.46 95%CI 1.39-1.53, IRD: 380, 95%CI 333-427). Sensitivity analysis confirmed an increased risk over time, even after 12 months (IRD: 752, 95%CI 662-842). COVID-19 significantly associates with an elevated risk of insomnia medication initiation, emphasizing the necessity for mental health support in post-COVID-19 care. This study offers insights into the pandemic’s influence on pharmacological treatment practices.
45. Productivity losses and treatment cost of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Ghana.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition among ageing men, characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life and economic productivity of affected individuals. The financial burden of BPH extends beyond direct medical expenses to include direct non-medical costs and productivity losses. In Ghana, limited data exist on the cost implications of BPH, leaving a critical gap in healthcare planning and resource allocation. We aimed to determine the cost and productivity losses associated with diagnosing and managing BPH at the Ho Teaching Hospital. A cross-sectional cost-of-illness study was conducted at the Urology Unit of the Ho Teaching Hospital. Data was collected from 105 patients diagnosed with BPH using structured questionnaires from 11th June 2024-30th September 2024. Direct monthly medical costs, including consultation, diagnostics, medication, and surgical interventions, were calculated using a bottom-up approach. Direct monthly non-medical costs covered transportation, food, lodging, and caregiver expenses, while productivity losses were estimated based on absenteeism and reduced working hours, using the human capital approach. The mean monthly direct medical cost per patient was GHS 890.11 (USD 60.35), with surgeries accounting for 30% of total expenses. The total direct non-medical costs, dominated by transportation (66.3%), amounted to GHS 9,842.00 (USD 667.25). Productivity losses due to absenteeism and caregiving responsibilities totalled GHS 4,746.28 (USD 321.78), with 30% of employed patients missing work. Notably, direct medical costs contributed the highest economic burden (86.5%), surpassing direct non-medical costs (9.1%) and productivity losses (4.4%). BPH imposes a significant financial burden on patients and households in Ghana, driven by high out-of-pocket medical costs, non-medical expenses, and lost productivity. The findings underscore the need for cost-effective treatment strategies, improved health insurance coverage, and targeted interventions to alleviate financial hardships associated with BPH management.
46. Stratifying cardiometabolic risk in urban Chinese children with obesity: Study protocol of the Shenzhen Children Cohort Study (SCCS).
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cardiovascular risk factors often begin in early childhood, with obesity being a major contributor. However, not all children with obesity share the same risk profile. The Shenzhen Children Cohort Study (SCCS) is a prospective, multimodal cohort designed to follow overweight and obese children aged 5-11 years, aiming to identify subgroups with elevated long-term cardiometabolic risk. The study will longitudinally track the evolution of cardiometabolic risk by integrating anthropometric, biochemical, imaging, behavioral, and psychosocial data. In addition to profiling child-level risk trajectories, SCCS will examine how parental beliefs, health behaviors, and family environments shape the development and progression of obesity-related cardiovascular risks. By capturing interactions between family-level determinants and biological markers, the study aims to support individualized risk stratification and inform early-life prevention frameworks in urban China. The Shenzhen Children Cohort Study (SCCS) will enroll 3,363 overweight and obese children aged 5-11 years from Longgang District, Shenzhen, through public recruitment campaigns. Participants will undergo annual follow-up visits over a five-year period. At each visit, standardized clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and caregiver-completed questionnaires will be conducted to assess cardiovascular, behavioral, and environmental risk factors. All data will be centrally managed and analyzed using longitudinal statistical models to characterize cardiometabolic risk trajectories and to evaluate how family-level factors interact with child health indicators over time. This study follows overweight and obese children aged 5-11 years over five years to document changes in physical measurements, biochemical indicators, imaging results, and questionnaire data on household structure, parental health history, and child routines. The aim is to build a multi-domain risk profile that moves beyond body mass index and simple metabolic categories. Prior studies often grouped children by BMI percentile or defined metabolically healthy and unhealthy types based on a few biomarkers. These methods overlook transitions, internal variation, and context. By applying repeated measurements and multiple modeling approaches, this study aim to identify subgroups based on shared risk trajectories, biomarker shifts, and family conditions. Risk is not treated as a single threshold but as a process shaped by exposures and responses. Although this cohort is located in one district, its structure may guide future work on pediatric risk classification under precision medicine frameworks.
47. Disparities in long-lasting insecticidal bed net usage and malaria burden 2 years after a mass distribution campaign in central Côte d'Ivoire: A cross-sectional survey prior to a cluster randomised trial.
期刊: PLOS global public health 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Identifying and tackling inequities in long-lasting insecticidal bed net (LLIN) coverage and usage is key in reducing malaria burden. This baseline study, prior to an LLIN trial, describes factors associated with LLIN usage and malaria infection prevalence, two years after a mass distribution in Côte d’Ivoire. In July 2023, cross-sectional data were obtained from randomly selected individuals of all ages in each of 33 study clusters, capturing information on socio-economic status, LLIN ownership, usage and results of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Random-effects multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with LLIN usage and malaria infection. A total of 1,672 participants were recruited. LLIN ownership and access were 66.3% (95% CI: 59.4-73.2) and 27.8% (95%CI: 22.6-33.1), respectively. LLIN usage was 50.0% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.34-0.75), 44.3% (aOR: 0.41; 95%CI: 0.26-0.62) and 56.9% (aOR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.53-0.98) in participants aged, 5-9, 10-14 and ≥15years, respectively, compared to 63.2% in under-fives. LLIN usage was lowest in females aged 10-14 years (41.0%) and highest in under-five males (68.9%). The odds of LLIN usage were lowest in the second (aOR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.44-0.90) and middle wealth quintile (aOR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.47-1.00) compared to the poorest quintile (58.2%). Malaria infection prevalence was 41.1% (95%CI: 37.2-45.0). When compared to under-fives with a malaria prevalence of 61.3%, 5-9, 10-14 and ≥15years had 75.0% (aOR: 1.86; 95%CI: 1.24-2.78), 67.0% (aOR:1.18; 95%CI: 0.78-1.80) and 23.0% (aOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.12-0.23) malaria prevalence, respectively. Males (75.8%) and females (74.1%) aged 5-9 years had the highest malaria risk. LLIN users had an infection prevalence of 38.5% (aOR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.58-0.94), compared to 44.3% in non-users. School-based net distributions, malaria education, routine screening and treatment and chemoprophylaxis in schools alongside community sensitization campaigns are recommended to improve protection and reduce infection risk among school-aged children.
48. Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves spermatogenesis in aluminium-exposed mice by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study investigates the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) against aluminum-induced testicular dysfunction in mice. While previous research has demonstrated the general protective role of NMN in testicular function and highlighted the interaction between aluminum and the NLRP3 inflammasome, the precise mechanisms through which NMN mitigates aluminum-induced reproductive toxicity remain unclear. Our findings show that NMN protects Sertoli cells by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which subsequently improves spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis. We also identify WT1 and GATA4 as key regulators involved in maintaining Sertoli cell integrity and function under aluminum-induced stress. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of aluminum-induced male infertility and underscores NMN’s potential as a therapeutic strategy for preventing reproductive dysfunction caused by environmental toxicants, such as aluminum. Aluminum exposure disrupts spermatogenesis, yet no effective pharmacological interventions exist to treat aluminum-induced male infertility. In this study, we established an aluminum toxicity model in C57BL/6J mice through intragastric administration of AlCl3. We assessed the therapeutic effects of NMN by evaluating testicular histopathology, sperm quality, and serum reproductive hormone levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed significant damage, including reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, disorganized germ cell layers, and a decreased number of germ cells and sperm. Sperm motility was significantly reduced, while the proportion of abnormal sperm increased. However, NMN treatment partially reversed these impairments. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis pathways (e.g., NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase-1, and IL-1β) in the AlCl3-exposed group. NMN treatment mitigated testicular damage, suppressed NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in Sertoli cells, and restored serum testosterone levels. Additionally, NMN treatment preserved the expression of key testicular proteins, including WT-1 GATA4, and vimentin. In summary, our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which aluminum exposure impairs spermatogenesis via NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in testicular cells. We also demonstrate for the first time that NMN can ameliorate aluminum-induced reproductive dysfunction by inhibiting this pathway, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for aluminum-associated male infertility.
49. A screening strategy based on machine learning for diagnostic biomarkers in small cell lung cancer.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive subtype with high mortality rates due to the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers to delay the optimal opportunity for treatment. Traditional biomarkers, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), have insufficient specificity and sensitivity to meet the demands of clinical diagnosis. Exosome and its contents have become burgeoning cancer biomarkers due to their diverse molecular cargo to achieve intercellular communication. Herein, a novel machine learning strategy was reported for rapid, efficient screening of biomarkers and identified an optimal exosome RNA combination as diagnostic biomarker of SCLC. Firstly, RNA sequencing data from 111 SCLC patients and 362 healthy controls were obtained from the exoRBase 2.0 and 3.0 databases. The machine learning methods were employed to select specific RNA by using 20 iterations with 10-fold nested cross-validation for SCLC diagnosis. Then, an optimal combination of three exosome RNAs (LINC00989, CXCL5, and MAP3K7CL) was confirmed and achieved excellent diagnostic performance (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950, sensitivity of 0.936, and specificity of 0.892). Finally, an independent validation cohort containing tissue-based RNA expression data for two biomarkers (CXCL5 and MAP3K7CL) from 79 SCLC patients and 7 standard controls was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the selected RNAs. The results demonstrated modest diagnostic performance in tissue samples (AUC = 0.718) with two biomarkers, indicating potential cross-tissue applicability despite the limitations of incomplete biomarker coverage. In addition, a specificity analysis of exosome RNA data, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer, demonstrated significant specificity for SCLC. Therefore, the novel biomarker screening strategy integrating nested cross-validation with multiple machine learning algorithms successfully established to offer a potentially valuable protocol for early SCLC diagnosis and other cancers.
50. Genetic diversity of parechoviruses (Picornaviridae: Paavivirinae: Parechovirus: Parechovirus ahumpari) circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2021-2024.
期刊: Voprosy virusologii 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parechoviruses of the Parechovirus ahumpari (PeV-A) species, pathogenic to humans, are widespread and genetically diverse infectious agents. Infections caused by these viruses are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild intestinal or respiratory diseases to severe CNS lesions. The high-risk group for the disease are newborns and infants. PeV-A species are classified in 19 types that have a varying distribution in different territories. In Russia, the type composition of territorial parechovirus populations has not been sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of monitoring the circulation of these viruses using genotyping. The aim of the study was to identify and investigate the genetic diversity of parechoviruses that circulated in Nizhny Novgorod in the period 2021-2024. 5,073 stool samples from children hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were examined for the presence of human parechoviruses. The detection of parechoviruses was carried out by RT-PCR. Viral types were determined by Sanger sequencing of VP1 genome fragment. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed using MEGA X and Beast v1.8.4 software. Parechoviruses were detected in children aged 3 months to 17 years with a frequency of 0.06-2.08% in different years, an average of 1.46 ± 0.16%. Viral type has been identified for 52 strains. Six types of PeV-A parechoviruses have been identified. The PeV-A1 was a predominant type (80.4%). Types PeV-A2 to PeV-A6 have been found in isolated cases. Heterogeneity of the PeV-A1 population in Nizhny Novgorod was represented by virus genotypes 1A and 1B, with an absolute predominance of genotype 1B, which included 16 genetic variants. The data obtained expand information on the type and genetic diversity of pathogenic for humans parechoviruses circulating among the population of central Russia (based the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region). Введение. Парэховирусы вида Parechovirus ahumpari (PeV-A), патогенные для человека, являются широко распространенными в мире и генетически разнообразными инфекционными агентами. Вызываемая вирусами инфекция характеризуется полиморфизмом клинических проявлений – от легких кишечных или респираторных заболеваний до тяжелых поражений ЦНС. Основной группой риска по заболеванию являются новорожденные и дети первых лет жизни. Внутри вида PeV-A классифицировано 19 типов, распределение которых варьирует на разных территориях. В России типовой состав территориальных парэховирусных популяций изучен недостаточно, что определяет актуальность мониторинга циркуляции этих вирусов с использованием генотипирования. Цель исследования – идентификация и изучение генетического разнообразия парэховирусов, циркулировавших в Нижнем Новгороде в период 2021–2024 гг. Материалы и методы. На наличие парэховирусов человека исследовано 5073 образца фекалий детей, госпитализированных в инфекционный стационар с острой кишечной инфекцией (ОКИ). Выявление парэховирусов проводили методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Тип вируса определяли методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру фрагмента области VP1 генома. Нуклеотидные последовательности анализировали с использованием программного обеспечения MEGA X и Beast v. 1.8.4. Результаты. Парэховирусы обнаруживали у детей от 3 мес до 17 лет с частотой 0,06–2,08% в разные годы (в среднем – 1,46 ± 0,16%). Тип вируса был установлен для 52 штаммов. Идентифицированы парэховирусы вида PeV-A 6 типов. Доминирующее положение занял тип PeV-A1 (80,4%). Парэховирусы типов PeV-A2–PeV-A6 выявлены в единичных случаях. Установлена гетерогенность нижегородской популяции парэховирусов PeV-A1, которая представлена вирусами двух генотипов – 1A и 1B, с абсолютным преобладанием генотипа 1В, включавшего 16 геновариантов. Заключение. Полученные данные расширяют информацию о типовом и генетическом разнообразии патогенных для человека парэховирусов, циркулирующих среди населения средней полосы России (на примере Нижнего Новгорода).
51. The first identification of Orthohantavirus dobravaense, Kurkino virus (Hantaviridae: Orthohantavirus) in the Volga Federal District.
期刊: Voprosy virusologii 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Kurkino and Sochi viruses of species Orthohantavirus dobravaense (ODOB) are among the pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the European part of Russia. However, the current literature provides limited data on the distribution of genetic variants of the ODOB in Russia. The aim is to identify ODOB in several regions of Volga, Central and Ural Federal districts of the Russian Federation and analyze their genome. Total RNA was isolated from lung tissue samples of striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) captured in a number of areas of the Volga Federal District and neighboring regions in 2015-2023. Orthohantavirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR using specific primers to ODOB. The PCR amplification products were separated in agarose gel, purified, and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed for the sequenced genome fragments. Orthohantavirus RNA was detected in one sample of A. flavicollis from the Ulyanovsk region. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the sequenced PCR products, it was found that the highest values of similarity were obtained when comparing the identified strain with the reference Kurkino virus from the Tula region. The data from the phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced fragment of the S and M segments allowed us to establish that the identified isolate is closely related to the Kurkino virus found earlier in A. agrarius in the Tula region. Thus, the detected isolate was identified as variant of Kurkino virus, which is also widespread in the central regions of Russia, Wetern Siberia and close related to genome variants that are distributed in Central Europian countries. It is proved for the first time that: 1) the range of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Kurkino virus) extends to a part of the territory of the Volga Federal District; 2) Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Kurkino virus) and Orthohantavirus puumalaense (Puumala virus) are co-circulating in the Ulyanovsk region. Введение. Вирусы Куркино и Сочи – Orthohantavirus dobravaense (ODOB), являются одними из возбудителей геморрагической лихорадки с почечным синдромом на европейской части территории России. Однако в настоящее время в литературе приводятся только ограниченные данные о распространении в России генетических вариантов ODOB. Цель – выявление ODOB на территориях ряда регионов Приволжского (ПФО), Центрального и Уральского федеральных округов РФ и проведение анализа их генома. Материалы и методы. Общую РНК выделяли из образцов легочной ткани полевых мышей (Apodemus agrarius) и желтогорлых мышей (A. flavicollis), отловленных в ряде субъектов ПФО и соседних регионах в 2015–2023 гг. Выявление ортохантавирусной РНК проводили методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с обратной транскрипцией с использованием видоспецифичных праймеров для ODOB. Продукты ПЦР-амплификации разделяли в агарозном геле, очищали и секвенировали по Сэнгеру. Для секвенированных участков генома проводили сравнительный и филогенетический анализ. Результаты. В одном образце A. flavicollis из Ульяновской области была выявлена ортохантавирусная РНК. По результатам анализа нуклеотидных последовательностей секвенированных ПЦР-продуктов было установлено, что наиболее высокие значения идентичности были получены при сравнении выявленного нуклеотидной последовательности РНК-изолята с референсным штаммом ODOB (вирус Куркино из Тульской области). Данные филогенетического анализа секвенированных участков S- и M-сегментов позволили установить, что наиболее близкородственным выявленному РНК-изоляту оказался вирус Куркино, найденный ранее у A. agrarius в Тульской области. Таким образом, выявленный изолят был идентифицирован как вариант вируса Куркино, ранее выявленного в центральных областях России и в Западной Сибири, близкородственные которому геноварианты распространены в странах центральной Европы. Выводы. Впервые доказано, что: 1) ареал Orthohantavirus dobravaense (вирус Куркино) распространяется на часть территории ПФО; 2) в Ульяновской области коциркулируют Orthohantavirus dobravaense (вирус Куркино) и Orthohantavirus puumalaense (вирус Пуумала).
52. Nef HIV-1 (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus-1), multifunctional protein: features of genetic virus variants circulating in Russia.
期刊: Voprosy virusologii 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nef provides high level of HIV-1 replication due to synergy of its multiple functions and is an important factor in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Nef is considered as a target for development of therapeutic agents. Mutations of drug resistance to dolutegravir can occur in Nef protein. Natural amino acid substitutions in Nef protein have been associated with the degree of progression of HIV infection, development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases in patients. The aim of the study is to investigate Nef genetic diversity in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia and in Moscow region. Total 216 Nef sequences obtained from whole blood samples of patients and 77 sequences downloaded from the Los Alamos International Database were analyzed. Consensus sequences of Nef sub-subtype A6, subtype B, CRF02_AG, CRF63_02A6, CRF133_A6B, and the reference sequence NL4-3 were compared. Genetic diversity of Nef sub-subtype A6 (Nef-A6) in patients with different stages of the disease was assessed. The presence of dolutegravir-associated drug resistance mutations in the Nef protein in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia was also investigated. Differences in the spatial structures in consensus sequences of the studied HIV-1 variants were determined. It was shown that the conservatism of Nef-A6 in groups of patients with later stages of the disease was significantly higher. No mutations of drug resistance to dolutegravir were detected. The differences in Nef sequences of HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia could affect the functional properties of the protein and could be taken into account in creating Nef-based therapies in the future. Obtained results indicate that there is no risk of resistance to dolutegravir associated with - mutations in the Nef protein. It outlines possible directions for further research into the genetic diversity of Nef. Введение. Белок Nef обеспечивает высокий уровень репликации вируса иммунодефицита человека 1-го типа (ВИЧ-1) за счет синергии своих многочисленных функций, является важным фактором патогенеза ВИЧ-инфекции и рассматривается как мишень для разработки средств терапии. В белке Nef могут возникать мутации лекарственной устойчивости к долутегравиру. Природные аминокислотные замены в белке Nef ассоциированы со степенью прогрессирования ВИЧ-инфекции, развитием нейродегенеративных и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов. Цель исследования – изучение генетического разнообразия Nef вариантов ВИЧ-1, циркулирующих в России и Московской области. Материалы и методы. Проанализировано 216 последовательностей Nef, полученных из клинических образцов цельной крови пациентов, и 77 – выгруженных из Международной базы данных Лос-Аламос. Проведено сравнение консенсусных последовательностей Nef суб-субтипа А6, субтипа B, CRF02_AG, CRF63_02A6, CRF133_A6B и референсной последовательности NL4-3. Выполнена оценка генетического разнообразия Nef суб-субтипа А6 (Nef-A6) у пациентов с разными стадиями заболевания. Исследовано наличие мутаций лекарственной устойчивости к долутегравиру в белке Nef у вариантов ВИЧ-1, циркулирующих в России. Результаты. Определены различия в пространственных структурах консенсусных последовательностей у исследуемых вариантов ВИЧ-1. Показано, что консервативность Nef-A6 в группах пациентов с более поздними стадиями заболевания была достоверно выше. Мутаций лекарственной устойчивости к долутегравиру обнаружено не было. Заключение. Выявленные различия в последовательностях Nef у вариантов ВИЧ-1, циркулирующих в России, предположительно, могут оказывать влияние на функциональные свойства белка и учитываться при создании средств терапии на основе белка Nef в будущем. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют в пользу отсутствия рисков применения современных протоколов лечения ВИЧ-инфекции в России, связанных с мутациями лекарственной устойчивости к долутегравиру в белке Nef, и намечают возможные направления дальнейших исследований генетического разнообразия Nef.
53. CRISPR-Cas genome editing system in the diagnosis and therapy of infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (Orthoherpesviridae: Alphaherpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Simplexvirus humanalpha1).
期刊: Voprosy virusologii 发表日期: 2025-Dec-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), newly named as Simplexvirus humanalpha1 is one of the most common pathogens in the human population, which can cause severe disease, often with fatal outcomes. Diagnostic methods currently in use are specific and sensitive, but time-consuming, require expensive laboratory equipment and highly qualified personnel. Existing therapeutic agents have a number of significant drawbacks. To successfully treat and prevent the spread of the infection, new rapid, easy-to-use, and highly sensitive diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic agents are required. One approach to achieve this goal is CRISPR-based technology. This review analyzes information obtained from a literature search in the Scopus, Web of Science and MedLine databases on the topics «HSV-1, structure, distribution, life cycle», «new methods for molecular diagnosis of HSV-1-infection», «classification of CRISPR-Cas systems», «nucleic acid amplification methods», «CRISPR-Cas effector proteins», «application of CRISPR-Cas systems in molecular diagnostics of HSV-1-infection», «application of CRISPR-Cas systems in therapy of HSV-1-infection». New approaches of CRISPR using effector proteins Cas12 and Cas13 in the diagnosis of HSV-1 infections are reviewed. The article discusses the progress in the development of CRISPR-Cas-based therapies against HSV-1-infection in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR gene therapy in vivo has a great clinical potential, but its safety and efficacy require further investigation. An analysis of the available data suggests that CRISPR-based technologies offer promising prospects for expanding the arsenal of diagnostic tools and antiviral drugs in the context of current and future outbreaks of viral diseases. Вирус простого герпеса типа 1 (ВПГ-1), новое название Simplexvirus humanalpha1, – один из самых распространенных патогенов в человеческой популяции, который может вызывать тяжелые заболевания, нередко со смертельным исходом. Диагностические методы, используемые в настоящее время, специфичны и чувствительны, но требуют длительного времени, дорогостоящего лабораторного оборудования и высококвалифицированного персонала. Существующие терапевтические препараты имеют ряд серьезных недостатков. Для успешного лечения и сдерживания распространения инфекции необходимо разработать новые быстрые и простые в выполнении, а также высокочувствительные диагностические инструменты и эффективные лечебные средства. Одним из подходов для достижения этой цели является технология, основанная на CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). В настоящем обзоре содержится анализ информации, полученной в результате поиска литературы в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, по темам «ВПГ-1, строение, распространение, жизненный цикл», «новые методы молекулярной диагностики ВПГ-1-инфекции», «классификация систем CRISPR-Сas», «методы амплификации нуклеиновых кислот», «эффекторные белки CRISPR-Cas», «применение систем CRISPR-Сas в молекулярной диагностике ВПГ-1-инфекции», «применение систем CRISPR-Сas в терапии ВПГ-1-инфекции». Рассматриваются новые подходы использования CRISPR с применением эффекторных белков Cas12 и Cas13 в диагностике ВПГ-1-инфекций. Обсуждается прогресс в разработке методов лечения на основе CRISPR-Cas в отношении ВПГ-1-инфекции in vitro и in vivo. Генная терапия CRISPR in vivo обладает большим клиническим потенциалом, но ее безопасность и эффективность требует дальнейшего изучения. Анализ имеющихся данных позволяет заключить, что в условиях текущих и будущих вспышек вирусных заболеваний технологии на основе CRISPR открывают перспективы для расширения арсенала средств диагностики и противовирусных препаратов.
54. A Call for Randomization: Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Disease.
期刊: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 发表日期: 2025-Dec-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
55. Stick the needle into yourself before you thrust the packing-needle into others: Bibliometric analysis of the stigmatizing term 'schizophrenic'.
期刊: Psychiatria Danubina 发表日期: 2025-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
The term ‘schizophrenic’ can be used in society for the purpose of insult and humiliation. In scientific studies, it can often be used to refer to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, although this is not intentional. This usage leads to the normalization and spread of stigmatizing language. In this study, bibliometric analysis of publications containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ was performed. Articles published between 2005 and 2024 that contained the term ‘schizophrenic’ were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Characteristics of the articles (e.g., year, author, institution, country, keyword, scientific category, and citation per article) were analysed. VOSviewer software was used to visualize various bibliographic coupling networks on related data. The search for the term ‘schizophrenic’ resulted in 34,506 documents in the all fields category at all times. After excluding non-original/review articles, documents not in SCI-E, not in English, and published before 2005, 7,836 articles remained. While the number of articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ was 581 in 2005, this number decreased to 126 in 2024. While the number of citations to articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ was 279 in 2005, this number increased to 14,689 in 2024. The author with the most articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ was Xiang Yang Zhang. Hans-Juergen Moeller’s articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ received the most reference. The institutions with the most articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ were the University of London, King’s College London, and Harvard University, respectively. The journals that published the most articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ were Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatry Research, and Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, respectively. This study is the first bibliometric analysis that examines articles containing the term ‘schizophrenic’ with various features. Scholars have a great responsibility in the reduction/prevention of stigmatization in schizophrenia. They should begin by avoiding using the term ‘schizophrenic’ in scientific studies.
56. 2025 US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Settings.
期刊: Infection control and hospital epidemiology 发表日期: 2025-Sep 链接: PubMed
摘要
These guidelines update the 2013 “Updated US Public Health Service (PHS) Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis,” hereafter referred to as the 2013 PHS Guidelines., The availability of new medication options, new information on the window of detection for different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests, and the risk of transmission from people with undetectable viral loads prompted this update. The primary intended audience for these recommendations remains anyone involved in the provision of HIV post-exposure management to healthcare personnel (HCP).The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assembled a working group of representatives from federal agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) who identified the priority topics for update and conducted systematic literature reviews to formulate recommendations (see Appendix). All recommendations were reviewed by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) at public meetings, and by a non-consensus forming panel of external experts. New evidence-based recommendations are developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and classified according to the HICPAC recommendation scheme when evidence supported recommendation development., Other recommendations in this document are classified as good practice statements according to the criteria set forth by GRADE. The working group solicited additional feedback on recommendations from relevant agencies, subject-matter experts, and the public.Recommendations that have changed since the 2013 PHS guidelines include: • new antiretroviral drug regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP); • a shortened duration of post-exposure follow-up HIV testing; • elimination of routine laboratory tests for antiretroviral drug toxicity; and • considerations for PEP for HCP with exposures to source patients with undetectable viral loads. Important strategies in the principles of exposure management remain: primary prevention strategies; the prompt reporting and management of occupational exposures; adherence to recommended HIV PEP regimens when indicated; the role of expert consultation in management of exposures; and follow-up of exposed HCP.
57. Life changes of people with visual impairment post participating in a group-based physical activity programme.
期刊: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy 发表日期: 2025-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
People with visual impairment (VI) face barriers to participating in physical activity (PA). While research has explored ways to improve PA accessibility and documented short-term benefits, its long-term impact, particularly from an occupational perspective, remains underexplored. To examine the long-term influence of a group-based PA programme for people with VI, exploring its impact on daily life and sustained wellness. This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 11 respondents who had participated in a 10-week PA programme. Data were collected two months and four months post-programme to assess lasting effects, and reflexive thematic analysis was applied. Three overarching themes were identified: ‘I have a healthier body and mind’, ‘I perform better in my day-to-day life’, and ‘My connection with others is growing’, reflecting participants’ perceived improved health, enhanced daily activity engagement, and strengthened social connections. The influence of PA programmes for people with VI expands and becomes progressively more pronounced over time. This study underscores the role of structured PA programmes in fostering long-term positive changes. It highlights the importance of considering long-term PA outcomes in occupational therapy practice for people with VI.