公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-01-28)
共收录 60 篇研究文章
1. Gender-neutral prevention: HPV vaccination willingness and related cancer awareness among Chinese parents of boys and girls.
期刊: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 发表日期: 2026-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Following the approval of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for males in China in January 2025, this study aimed to investigate parental knowledge of HPV, willingness to recommend HPV vaccination for their children, and associated determinants. The study also assessed parental awareness of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) among parents of minor boys and girls in China. A cross-sectional online survey of parents in Shandong Province conducted from February to March 2025 yielded 1251 submissions, with 1041 valid questionnaires retained after applying prespecified exclusion criteria (refer to flowchart). Data were collected using anonymous self-administered questionnaires that covered demographic characteristics, knowledge of HPV, attitudes toward vaccination, vaccination intentions, and perceived barriers. Among the 1041 parents who completed the survey, 71.3% were aware of HPV and the vaccination program for girls, while only 35.73% were aware of the newly approved program for boys. After receiving information about the vaccine, 62% expressed an intention to vaccinate their child, 10% declined, and 28% remained undecided. Parents of daughters demonstrated significantly higher vaccination intent compared to parents of sons (OR = 0.110, 95% CI: 0.077-0.157, p = 5.3 × 10-34), indicating that the odds of intending to vaccinate were significantly lower for parents of boys. Key determinants influencing parental decisions included perceived health risks, beliefs about vaccine efficacy, trust in healthcare provider recommendations, and the child’s gender, which were identified as significant determinants influencing parental HPV vaccination decisions. Significant knowledge gaps remain among Chinese parents regarding HPV and HPV-associated OPC. Public health initiatives are urgently needed to enhance parental understanding of HPV vaccination benefits, including its extension to boys, and to elucidate the risks of HPV-associated OPC. The implementation of a gender-neutral HPV vaccination policy faces substantial challenges rooted in awareness and gender norms. It is imperative to address these barriers through targeted health education, systematic training of healthcare professionals, and robust policy support. By dismantling gendered perceptions of health, we can achieve the overarching goal of comprehensive HPV prevention for all. Addressing these knowledge deficits and mitigating barriers to vaccine uptake are critical public health priorities.
2. School Feeding Program and Health Outcomes Among School-Aged Children: Evidence From Rural China.
期刊: The Journal of school health 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
High rates of iron-deficiency anemia among school-age children have been a common issue in developing countries. In 2012, China rolled out a school feeding program (SFP) to address this issue. This study assesses changes in anemia rates, as well as potential factors driving these changes, both 3 and 10 years after the SFP was implemented. Data were from two cross-sectional surveys (n = 1510) in northwestern China. T-tests were used to compare the differences in health outcomes of students and their dietary diversity across the different sample years. Regressions were used to examine the associations between health outcomes and dietary diversity. After the SFP was launched, hemoglobin levels of students improved from 126 to 131 g/L between 2015 and 2022/2023; the rates of anemia and stunting decreased from 17% to 6% and 9% to 1%, respectively. A rise in student dietary diversity and an increase in the share of students that consumed iron-rich foods are two main contributing factors. Increase in funding allotted to the SFP over time appears to be a key element in improving the health and nutrition of rural students. SFP in rural China exemplifies the concrete advantages in improving the health and potential educational outcomes of students.
3. The American college of radiology diagnostic fluoroscopy dose index registry pilot: Dosimetric performance and benchmarking challenges.
期刊: Journal of applied clinical medical physics 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
The ACR Diagnostic Fluoroscopy Dose Index Registry (DIR-Fluoro) is expanding to include diagnostic fluoroscopy. Variations in dose reference points and overhead radiography events may introduce unique challenges for benchmarking. To survey the technological status and dosimetric performance of fluoroscopes participating in the DIR-Fluoro pilot project, focusing on longitudinal stability and variability of fluoroscopic dose reporting accuracy across multiple institutions and vendors. Sixty-six fluoroscopic systems from nine institutions (24 facilities) were surveyed for facility type, fluoroscope type, image receptor type, age, dose reporting capabilities, and other key features. Of these, 56 were evaluable. Semi-annual measurements assessed reference air kerma (Ka,r) and air kerma area product (PKA) accuracy. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated changes in dose accuracy over time, incorporating system-specific random effects; models were compared using likelihood ratio testing. Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSR) contents were investigated to understand the challenges in benchmarking diagnostic fluoroscopy dose indices. Nearly 80% of units were tube-under-table fluoroscopes. Average age was 9.6 ± 5.2 years. Sixty-four percent of the units produced RDSRs. Median deviations for Ka,r and PKA were 1%-4%. Accuracy of PKA and Ka,r remained stable, with no significant time-dependent drift for RDSR-capable systems (p > 0.05). Incorporating detector type significantly improved performance for PKA measurements (p < 0.05 for all datasets); Ka,r models were generally best fit by simpler models (p > 0.05 for 3 of 4 datasets). Major discrepancies in RDSRs were observed, including differences in Ka,r reference point definitions and in event-level data. Overhead radiography exposures were not well distinguished from fluoroscope exposures. These issues resulted in inconsistencies in reported Ka,r values. Fluoroscopic dose indices were accurate and stable over time. Differences in RDSR availability result in data biased to newer systems with flat panel detectors. Discrepancies in RDSR content and inconsistent reference point definitions necessitate use of PKA as the primary benchmark metric.
4. Association of alcohol intake over the lifetime with colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
期刊: Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Feb-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Alcohol drinking is associated with higher colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but research on lifetime alcohol drinking is limited. The objective of the current study was to estimate the association of lifetime alcohol drinking with incident colorectal adenoma and cancer. US adults enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial reported alcohol intake during four age periods. Average lifetime alcohol intake was calculated as average drinks per week from age 18 years until study baseline. Alcohol intake patterns were defined by past and current drinking frequency. Among 12,327 participants with a negative baseline screen, 812 had an adenoma on the second screen. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident adenoma. During 20 years of follow-up, 1679 incident CRC cases occurred among 88,092 participants. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CRC. Current drinkers with an average lifetime alcohol intake of 14 or more drinks per week, compared with one drink or less per week, had a higher risk of CRC (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.53), especially rectal cancer (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17-3.28). Consistent heavy drinking versus light drinking was positively associated with CRC risk (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.17-3.12). Compared with current drinkers averaging less than one drink per week, former drinkers had lower odds of nonadvanced adenoma (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.84). Current drinkers averaging from seven to less than 14 drinks compared with less than one drink per week had a lower risk of CRC (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97), especially distal colon cancer (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-1.00). Consistent heavy alcohol intake and higher average lifetime alcohol drinking may increase CRC risk, whereas cessation may lower adenoma risk. Associations may differ by tumor site.
5. Blood-Based Lead Biomarkers and Sarcopenia Indicators in Older Adults.
期刊: Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic exposure to low levels of lead (Pb) remains a widespread public health issue, especially among older adults. While its neurotoxic and cardiovascular effects are well recognized, its potential role in accelerating age-related musculoskeletal decline is less understood. Emerging evidence suggests Pb may contribute to sarcopenia, but epidemiological data, especially regarding the most informative biomarkers of exposure, are limited. We analysed data from 11 842 participants aged ≥ 60 years across four population-based studies (NHANES III, NHANES 1999-2006, NHANES 2011-2012 and Seniors-ENRICA-2). Sarcopenia indicators included muscle strength (grip strength and chair stand test), muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, calf circumference and arm circumference) and muscle function (gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery scores). Sarcopenia was defined in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Associations between Pb exposure (serum and whole blood) and sarcopenia indicators were estimated using multivariable regression and meta-analyses. Pb levels were associated with residential environmental exposures such as traffic proximity, industrial emissions and soil contamination, explaining approximately 11% of variability in whole blood Pb and 9% in serum Pb. Both whole blood and serum Pb showed dose-dependent inverse associations with muscle sarcopenia indicators, including measures of strength, mass and function. Associations with lower limb outcomes were generally stronger for serum Pb compared with whole blood Pb. An interquartile range increase in serum Pb was associated with a 1.33-fold increase in the odds of confirmed or severe sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.02, 1.70), compared with a 1.20-fold increase for whole blood Pb (95% CI: 1.06, 1.36). Environmental Pb exposure is associated with detrimental effects on musculoskeletal health and contributes to sarcopenia in older adults. Serum Pb may be a more sensitive biomarker of musculoskeletal aging than whole blood Pb and should be considered in future research and surveillance strategies.
6. Cognitive Sarcopenia: Prevalence and the Risk for Mortality and Healthy Aging in the KORA-Age Study.
期刊: Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cognitive sarcopenia, defined by this study as the co-existence of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, has been frequently reported in older adults, while we hypothesize that the co-existence increases the risk for adverse outcomes in the older general population. This study included 1055 participants aged 65-93 years from the population-based cohort Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg (KORA)-Age (2008/9). At baseline, probable sarcopenia (i.e., low grip strength) and confirmed sarcopenia (i.e., probable sarcopenia plus low muscle mass) were defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2018 consensus. Cognitive impairment was derived from the modified telephone interview for cognitive status or a proxy interview with relatives/caregivers when participants had severe physical/mental impairment. Cognitive probable sarcopenia was defined as having both probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment; cognitive confirmed sarcopenia as both confirmed sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. Isolated probable sarcopenia and isolated cognitive impairment refer to individuals with only one of the diseases. Mortality was assessed using death certificates over 12 years (553 deaths [52.4%]). Adverse outcomes were assessed in 2012 and 2016 during telephone interviews. Covariate-adjusted logistic and Cox regression models estimated the associations with adverse outcomes and mortality, respectively. Almost 50% of older adults with probable sarcopenia had cognitive impairment, whereas among older adults without probable sarcopenia, only 20% had cognitive impairment. A total of 8.1% of the study population had cognitive probable sarcopenia, while 3.3% had cognitive confirmed sarcopenia. Muscle mass was not [OR (95% CI): 0.92 (0.70-1.20)], while grip strength [0.73 (0.57-0.94)], gait speed [0.66 (0.54-0.80)], and Timed Up and Go time [1.51 (1.27-1.82)] were associated with cognitive impairment. Participants with cognitive probable sarcopenia had an increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.95 (1.41-2.70)], cardiovascular disease mortality [1.64 (1.02-2.64)], and coronary heart disease mortality [2.10 (1.03-4.27)] after 12 years, and activities of daily living disability [OR (95% CI): 6.12 (2.33-16.06)] and requiring nursing care after 3 years [4.77 (1.47-14.63)]. Individuals with isolated probable sarcopenia or isolated cognitive impairment had either lower or no risk for those outcomes. Since life expectancy and relevant healthcare have not advanced considerably since study baseline, we expect that these results are relevant today. The high prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults with probable sarcopenia and the increased risk of cognitive sarcopenia on lifespan and independence endorse screening for cognitive impairment in older adults with probable sarcopenia by EWGSOP 2018 and support exploring intervention studies targeting both diseases simultaneously.
7. Geographic patterns in critical CHDs: a spatial analysis of selected air pollutants.
期刊: Cardiology in the young 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Critical CHD often requires surgical intervention or results in infant mortality. We aimed to determine the association between critical CHD categories and exposure levels to pollutants. A retrospective study of n = 1484 infants who underwent complex cardiac surgery in early infancy from 1996 to 2021. The association between critical CHD categories (compared to a reference category with chromosomal abnormality) and exposure levels during early pregnancy to nitrogen dioxide, ozone, fine particulate matter (<2.5 micrometers diameter), and air quality from smoke was determined. Spatial heterogeneity was accounted for using geographically weighted multinomial logistic regression. For fine particulate matter exposure, 0.34% of locations displayed statistically significant negative associations with critical CHD categories, clustered in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. These regions exhibited small spatial extents. For ozone exposure, 15.1% of locations exhibited statistically significant negative associations with critical CHD categories, with the majority originating from Alberta and a smaller fraction in Saskatchewan. Differences in significant associations with locations were observed before and after spatial adjustment. Air quality from smoke and nitrogen dioxide exposure demonstrated no statistically significant associations with critical CHD categories. Differences before and after geographic spatial adjustment underscored the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity to uncover patterns of association between environmental pollutants and critical CHD categories. The negative associations likely reflected pollution acting as a second hit to markedly increase the risk for critical CHD in those with genetic predisposition.
8. Effect of maqui berry extract consumption on postprandial responses in mice: actions on digestive enzymes and relevance of DPP-IV inhibition.
期刊: Food & function 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Obesity remains a major global public health concern. Existing strategies to cope with obesity include inhibiting key digestive enzymes. This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of a maqui berry extract (MBE) against the digestive enzymes pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), which are involved in lipid and glucose absorption and homeostasis. We characterized MBE composition using UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, identifying 30 (poly)phenols, 86% of which were anthocyanins derived from delphinidin and cyanidin. Results showed that MBE inhibited lipase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in vitro with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 3.3 ± 0.1, 38 ± 5, and 3.1 ± 0.4 µg mL-1, respectively. In vivo evaluation of enzyme inhibition was performed in male mice orally challenged with olive oil, maltose, or glucose, and postprandial lipemia or glycemia was subsequently measured. MBE treatment only affected the postprandial glycemia induced by the glucose challenge. This suggests DPP-IV inhibition, which is supported by the lower activity of DPP-IV in the intestine and plasma of mice treated with MBE. Given the composition of MBE, it is feasible that the postprandial effects were mediated by the anthocyanidins present in the fruit. In summary, this study shows that MBE can modulate key metabolic enzymes, particularly DPP-IV, with promising implications for the dietary management of postprandial glycemia in metabolic disorders.
9. Grandad forgot my name: interactive narratives for dementia support.
期刊: Primary health care research & development 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
This exploratory project aimed to develop online learning materials with interactive narratives for supporting persons living with dementia, with particular focus on initial diagnosis and helping children to understand changes which may occur. Dementia is a range of neurological conditions that cause the ongoing decline in brain function, manifesting as loss of memory, language, and problem-solving abilities. Over 55 million people worldwide are living with dementia, straining health and social care resources in their ability to provide information, care, and support for the family. There is a need for easily accessible, high-quality, and nationally scalable resources for dementia support for this growing population. Twine was used to produce online digital storytelling media titled ‘Grandad Forgot My Name’, following the narrative of dementia care for family members. Design, theming, artwork, and story pathways reflected key aspects of dementia and dementia care to facilitate additional support for readers, and health and social care workers. Usage statistics were monitored and readers answered evaluative surveys with numerical scoring and descriptive free responses. Story pathways and information were continuously updated following survey responses. Twine and interactive storytelling had potential to reach a wide audience at minimal cost, bridging the gaps between initial concerns, diagnosis, and appointment. However, there were issues with stakeholder adoptability and uptake when sharing materials which must be resolved in full-scaled outputs. Grandad Forgot My Name successfully demonstrated key design and logistical considerations when creating support resources of national impact, with cross-generational communication and reader-centric design optimising engagement.
10. ECG-Based Prediction of Shock-Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation During Resuscitation Without Interrupting CPR.
期刊: Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
11. Patient Engagement Interventions to Improve Medication Management of Older Patients Across Transitions of Care: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.
期刊: Journal of clinical nursing 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Identify and describe patient engagement interventions used to improve medication management in older adults during transitions of care. A mixed-methods systematic review. A comprehensive search of all study designs was conducted. Studies were categorised using the ladder of patient and family engagement, a framework that positions engagement from low (passive) to high (active partnership) patient engagement. Six databases were searched from inception to April 2024. The search yielded 29 reports, with 25 classified as studies. Most interventions (n = 19, 76%) were low-level interventions that comprised informing patients in a passive manner. Interventions that facilitated high-level engagement (n = 6, 24%) where patients were integrated in the decision-making process were associated with consistently improved patient and healthcare long-term outcomes. While low and high-level engagement interventions were associated with significantly decreased hospital readmission rates, high-level interventions consistently demonstrated positive patient outcomes. Interventions supporting older adults beyond discharge achieved meaningful and lasting patient and healthcare outcomes for older adults. Findings provide clinical reference for designing engagement interventions, highlighting long-term benefits of partnership-based approaches and continuity beyond discharge. Engagement in medication management during transitions of care varied significantly. High-level engagement was consistently linked to improved patient and healthcare outcomes but was often resource intensive. This review identifies the need to design balanced interventions that align with the preferences of older adults and real-world contextual healthcare settings. PRISMA guidelines. No patient or public contribution. PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024557385).
12. Enhancing the Evidence for Care in Underserved Bleeding Disorders Communities.
期刊: Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Major advances in haemophilia care have not translated equitably across all populations. Individuals with rare bleeding disorders (RBDs), people living in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) and women and girls with inherited bleeding disorders (WGWBD) continue to face significant diagnostic, therapeutic and research disadvantages. To critically evaluate the current evidence base for these underserved groups, identify persistent knowledge and implementation gaps and outline strategic priorities to strengthen diagnostic capacity, research infrastructure and equity in care delivery. A comprehensive literature review of studies published between 2018 and 2025 was conducted across PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic pathways, clinical outcomes, access to treatment and effectiveness of targeted interventions. Approximately 75% of individuals with inherited bleeding disorders in LMICs remain undiagnosed, with diagnostic delays historically lasting decades. RBDs account for 3%-5% of bleeding disorders but are characterised by limited natural history data and minimal comparative-effectiveness research. WGWBD experience median diagnostic delays of 8 years, with heavy menstrual bleeding affecting 55%-74% and significantly impairing quality of life. Training initiatives, gynaecology-based screening and international registries have improved case detection, though robust evidence on long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness is lacking. Strengthening diagnostic systems, expanding harmonised registries, advancing implementation research and prioritising equity-driven strategies are essential to closing critical evidence gaps and improving care for these underserved populations.
13. Estimating the Potential Impact of the 2024 UK Salt Reduction Targets on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes and Health Care Costs in Adults: A Modeling Study.
期刊: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Excessive sodium intake is responsible for 3 million deaths a year globally. The UK is one of 64 countries to have a salt reduction program to help reduce the population’s sodium intake. It is a voluntary scheme with 108 category-specific salt content targets for the grocery and out-of-home sectors. This study aimed to estimate the potential impact of the 2024 targets on cardiovascular outcomes and health care costs for UK adults. Long-term health modeling was based on the adult population in England. Changes in salt intake (g/d), whether the targets were met, were estimated using consumption data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2018/19. Impact on ischemic heart disease and stroke, quality-adjusted life years, and health care costs were estimated using PRIMEtime, a proportional multistate life table model. If the salt reduction targets set for 2024 had been met, then salt intake would have reduced from 6.06 g/d (95% CI, 5.18-6.31) to 4.94 g/d (4.73-5.15), a reduction of 1.12 g/d (1.05-1.20). This would lead to 103 000 (UI, 41 000-161 000) fewer cases of ischemic heart disease and 25 000 (10 000-39 000) fewer cases of stroke over 20 years. A modeled 243 000 (94 000-383 000) quality-adjusted life years would be saved with a net saving of £1.00 billion (£0.35-1.73 billion) to the National Health Service over the remaining lifetime of the adult population. Reformulation of products to meet the targets could result in substantial reductions in cardiovascular disease without changes in dietary behaviors. Policymakers should consider options to strengthen salt reduction policies, including effective systems for monitoring and enforcement.
14. No sanctuary? Public attitudes about healthcare providers and their role in immigration enforcement and policy.
期刊: Health economics, policy, and law 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aims to understand if the American public supports five policies related to the involvement of healthcare providers in immigration enforcement efforts such as documenting legal status in medical charts to actively assisting immigration enforcement. We also seek to establish whether public attitudes are stable on this issue using an experiment highlighting the implications of these policies for immigrants, communities, and the broader public. To assess public attitudes, we fielded a survey (N = 6049) from 7 March to 26 March 2025. We randomly assigned respondents to one of six treatments highlighting various implications of these policies for immigrants and communities. We found a divided public on the topic, with a substantial number of Americans willing to blur the lines between immigration policy and the provision of healthcare. Respondents were most receptive to tracking the number of undocumented patients served and least supportive of assisting in detaining patients. We found substantial differences based on party affiliation and presidential vote choice but not personal connections or residence inside or outside of border states. Our findings suggest that a majority of Americans support some level of immigration enforcement in healthcare settings while public opinion on this issue is hard to move.
15. Development of the health economic model for type 2 diabetes considering glycaemic variability.
期刊: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to develop and validate a health-economic model incorporating glycaemic variability to support the economic evaluation of novel interventions. We developed a Monte Carlo-based Markov model, primarily using data from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. An innovative glycaemic variability module was constructed, with its key parameter being the time in range (TIR). TIR was defined as the percentage of time a patient’s glucose level remained within the target range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L. The module was parameterized based on quantitative clinical evidence. The base model underwent face, internal, and external validation, with performance assessed using the R2, root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE). To evaluate the structural uncertainty introduced by the new module, we conducted an exploratory scenario analysis in which the incremental improvement in TIR was modelled from 0% to 100%. The model showed good overall reliability. Specifically, face validity was confirmed, while internal and external validation both demonstrated R2 values exceeding 0.95. For the internal and external validation, the RMSPE was 0.328 and 0.347, and the corresponding SMAPE values were 0.175 and 0.279, respectively. The exploratory scenario analysis supported the structural validity of the module. Over the first decade, the cumulative incidence of background retinopathy, microalbuminuria, peripheral vascular disease, and mortality decreased as TIR improved. However, the incidence gaps narrowed in the long run, which was consistent with clinical observations. This study developed and validated a health-economic model incorporating glycaemic variability, which provides a potentially robust tool to inform economic evaluations of novel interventions.
16. Clinical and Mucosal Transcriptomic Profiling of Adult Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome.
期刊: Allergy 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
17. Plasma Proteomic Signatures of Physical Activity Provide Insights into Biological Impacts and Its Protective Role Against Dementia.
期刊: Medicine and science in sports and exercise 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause dementia. However, the specific biological mechanisms through which PA protects against disease are not entirely understood. This study aims to address this gap, with a specific focus on all-cause dementia. We first assessed the conventional observational associations of three self-reported and three device-based PA/SB measures with circulating levels of 2,911 plasma proteins measured in the UK Biobank (n max =39,160) and assessed functional enrichment of identified proteins. We then used bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) to further evaluate the evidence for causal relationships of PA/SB with protein levels. Finally, we performed mediation analyses to identify proteins that may mediate the relationship of PA with incident all-cause dementia. Our findings revealed 41 proteins consistently associated with all PA measures and 1,027 proteins associated with at least one PA measure. Both conventional observational and MR study designs converged on proteins that appear to increase as a result of PA, including integrins such as ITGAV and ITGAM, as well as MXRA8, CLEC4A, CLEC4M, LPL, and ADGRG2; on proteins that appear to decrease as a result of PA such as LEP, INHBC, CLMP, PTGDS, ADM, OGN, and PI3; and on proteins that are more responsive to high-intensity PA, such as CA14, CA6, CA4, KIT, and ANGPT2. Functional enrichment analyses revealed processes such as cell-matrix adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, and collagen binding. Finally, GDF15, ITGAV, ITGAM, ITGA11, HPGDS, GFAP, ADM, AHNAK, and DPP4 were among 21 unique proteins found to mediate the relationship of PA with all-cause dementia, implicating processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and inflammation. Our results provide insights into how PA affects biological processes and protects against dementia, and provide avenues for future research into the health-promoting effects of PA.
18. The mechanism of mandatory exercise check-in on college students' intention to use fitness apps: a complete mediation model.
期刊: BMC psychology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
19. ACTA2 Pathogenic Variants Activating Heat Shock Factor 1 and Increasing Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Smooth Muscle Cells Predispose to Early Onset Atherosclerosis.
期刊: Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
ACTA2 pathogenic variants predispose to thoracic aortic disease, and a subset of variants lead to early onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The molecular pathway linking misfolded SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) monomers to augmented atherosclerosis-associated smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation can be modeled in vitro by stably expressing the ACTA2 p.R149C variant in Acta2-/- smooth muscle cells. The Montalcino Aortic Consortium patient registry was used to identify cases with ACTA2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic missense variants. These patients were surveyed, and their medical records were reviewed to identify cases with early onset ASCVD. The variants for these cases, as well as other recurrent ACTA2 missense variants, were individually expressed in Acta2-/- smooth muscle cells, and transcript and protein levels, HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) activation, HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) expression and activity, cholesteryl ester levels, and downstream smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation were assessed. Early onset ASCVD included coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and atherosclerotic plaques identified by imaging in the arch, descending, or abdominal aorta, along with the celiac, iliac, renal, or vertebral arteries. Twelve ACTA2 variants were identified to be associated with early onset ASCVD. Early onset ASCVD was correlated with HSF1 activation (P=0.035), cellular cholesteryl ester levels (P=0.0031), and having one family member with the specific ACTA2 pathogenic variant who had early onset ASCVD (P=0.0001). Assays assessing the molecular mechanism that leads to early onset ASCVD can identify which ACTA2 pathogenic variants will trigger this condition. Ultimately, this information informs precision medical care for individuals with ACTA2 pathogenic variants, with the ultimate goal of preventing thoracic aortic disease and ASCVD.
20. Wearable respiratory sensors for non-invasive healthcare monitoring: applications and intelligent technologies.
期刊: Nanoscale 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human exhaled breath contains a wealth of biomarkers and physical indicators associated with various health conditions. Wearable respiratory sensors have emerged as a promising, non-invasive, portable, and efficient approach for early disease screening and prevention. With advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and maturity of integration technologies, these sensors are increasingly recognized for their potential to enable personalized, accurate, and real-time healthcare. In this context, we first introduce the main types of gas sensors and their sensing materials. Then, a systematic overview of exhaled breath biomarkers and physical indicators used in disease screening and health monitoring is demonstrated. Furthermore, the integration of wearable respiratory sensors with cutting-edge technologies is discussed. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and future opportunities, emphasizing the vast potential of respiratory sensors in wearable health monitoring.
21. Safety and Efficacy of Systemic Corticosteroids in Children With Orbital Complications of Acute Sinusitis.
期刊: Otolaryngology–head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
To determine the safety and efficacy of systemic steroids for children with orbital complications of sinusitis. Retrospective cohort study. Tertiary children’s hospital, January 2017 to June 2023. Hospitalized children were classified by whether they received systemic corticosteroids, in addition to systemic antibiotics, prior to any surgery. Primary outcomes were length of admission, need for orbital/sinus surgery, readmission, vision loss, and fungal infection. Multivariable regression controlled for potential confounders, including severity of disease on initial imaging study. Of 222 children with orbital cellulitis (mean age 8.6 years), 26 (12%) received steroids: 17 (65%) intravenous methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, 9 (35%) oral steroids; 16 (62%) 1 day and 10 (38%) 2 to 4 days of steroids. Children receiving steroids more often had proptosis (58% vs 37%, P = .045) and orbital abscess on CT (81% vs 69%, P = .004). Steroid use was associated with decreased orbital or sinus surgery (19% vs 37%; OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; P = .03). There were no differences in length of stay (P = .2), readmission (P = .4), or vision loss (no cases) between the study groups or fungal or secondary infection (no cases). Systemic steroid use in children with orbital cellulitis was not associated with adverse outcomes, such as vision loss or readmission, and may offer potential benefits, including avoidance of surgery in some cases. A majority received only 1 day of steroids in our study; further research might evaluate the effects of longer courses and the subjective experience of children who have periocular swelling and pain.
22. Effect of empagliflozin on urinary albumin excretion and hypoxic biomarkers in early diabetic kidney disease: A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
期刊: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
The precise mechanism of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on reno-protective effect has been still unclear. In this study, we hypothesised that SGLT2 inhibitor prevents diabetic kidney disease via reduction of hypoxia-induced factors. In this multicenter, prospective, randomised, double blinded clinical trial, people with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria were randomised equally to empagliflozin (10 mg/day) (n = 40) and placebo (n = 39) and followed 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and urinary liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) excretion from baseline to 24 weeks. Major secondary outcome was change in serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like proteins 2 (ANGPTL2), angiopoietin-like proteins 4 (ANGPTL4), and adrenomedullin (AM) levels. Although the reduction of ACR was significantly greater in the empagliflozin group than the placebo group at 4 and 12 weeks, the difference of change at 24 weeks between the two groups was not statistically significant (Empagliflozin group-Placebo group: -0.3643, 95% CI: -0.7571 to 0.0285, p = 0.0686). There was no difference in urinary L-FABP excretion between the empagliflozin and placebo groups. Serum VEGF and ANGPTL2 decreased significantly more in the empagliflozin group, whereas there were no significant differences in AM and ANGPTL4. These results demonstrated that empagliflozin partially suppressed the hypoxia-induced angiogenic factors overproduction in addition to a declining trend in ACR in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease, which might contribute to the mechanisms of reno-protective effects of this agent (jRCTs051200147).
23. Proteomics-Driven Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Thinned Apple Polyphenols in a DNBS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice.
期刊: Journal of proteome research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with increasing incidence worldwide. Current treatments, including NSAIDs and corticosteroids, provide partial symptom relief but are associated with significant side effects, highlighting the need for novel therapies with improved safety profiles. Given the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in driving tissue damage during colitis, natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties represent promising therapeutic candidates. Thinned apples (TA), an agricultural byproduct, were identified as a valuable source of polyphenols (TAP) with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in a cell-based inflammation model. This study evaluates TAP’s therapeutic potential in a DNBS-induced colitis mouse model using label-free quantitative proteomics. Proteomic analysis revealed modulation of key pathways affected by TAP treatment, including: (i) activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms; (ii) reversal of DNBS-induced alterations, specifically ferroptosis and heme-toxicity; (iii) suppression of immune responses; and (iv) attenuation of ulcerative features, with downregulation of proteins involved in coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Overall, TAP showed significant therapeutic effects by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting its use as a polyphenol-rich extract in health products for UC. Moreover, repurposing TA as a bioactive extract offers an innovative strategy for industrial applications in therapeutic development.
24. Occupational exposures and risk of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP).
期刊: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Occupational exposures to dust have been associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in case series, but population-based epidemiological data are needed. We identified 286 cases of PAP from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Cause-of-Death Register between 1991 and 2022. For the present analysis, we included 212 cases aged 20-65 years with available occupational information before the index date or within two years thereafter. Controls matched on age and sex were drawn from the population register and assigned the same index date as their corresponding case; of these, 1438 controls had available occupational information and were included in the analyses. We linked cases and controls to Swedish registries to obtain socioeconomic status and occupational data. We applied an established job-exposure matrix to characterize occupational exposure to inorganic dust, with the subset silica dust, fumes, vapors and gases and organic dust. We used adjusted conditional logistic analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the occupational exposures in the year before index date and PAP. None of the occupational exposures analyzed showed a statistically significant association to PAP. The OR for inorganic dust was 1.08 (95% CI 0.75-1.55); silica dust alone was 1.55 (95% CI 0.75-3.23) and organic dust was 1.48 (95% CI 0.92-2.38). Among men, however, exposure to organic dust was associated with PAP [OR 1.92 (95% CI 1.18-3.23)]. Among women, the results were inconclusive. There were no associations between occupational exposure to fumes, vapors and gases and inorganic dust and risk of PAP. Among men, exposure to organic dust was associated with increased risk for PAP. Some occupational inhalants may increase the risk of PAP.
25. Frequency and Predictors of Persisting Symptoms 1 Year After Early Childhood Concussion.
期刊: Pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Concussion is common in early childhood, yet the rate of persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) is unknown. We sought to determine the frequency of PSaC after early childhood concussion and identify potential predictors of PSaC. We conducted a cohort study enrolling children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years presenting to Canadian and US emergency departments (EDs) with concussion or orthopedic injury (OI) and uninjured children from the community (community controls [CCs]). The primary outcome was PSaC at 1 month after injury determined by reliable change analysis. PSaC were also tracked through 12 months after injury. Potential predictors of PSaC were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. We enrolled 418 children: 235 with concussion, 108 with OI, and 75 CCs. Median age was 2.8 years, and 50.7% were male. At 1 month, PSaC were documented in 28% of children with concussion, higher than in the OI group (10%, P = .006) and the CC group (2%, P < .001). After concussion, PSaC were documented in 24% of children at 3 months and 16% at 12 months. Total symptom burden in the ED predicted PSaC at 1 month (odds ratio, 1.108; 95% CI, 1.004-1.223; P = .04). Age, loss of consciousness, receiving brain imaging in the ED, attending daycare or school, and parent education did not predict PSaC. PSaC are common after early childhood concussion. Acute symptom burden in the ED predicts PSaC at 1 month. Greater focus on research in this age group and the development of clinical infrastructure is necessary to address these ongoing symptoms.
26. Improvement in survival of patients with higher risk but not lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes over 20 years: A retrospective study from Nagasaki, Japan.
期刊: British journal of haematology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Endophyte profiling of tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes: Insights into microbial diversity and growth promotion.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops globally. Still, its productivity is significantly constrained by tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), a devastating begomovirus transmitted by whiteflies. This study examined the diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of culturable endophytes associated with tomato cultivars differing in resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV). A total of 59 fungal and bacterial endophytes were isolated. Resistant cultivars (Nandi, Sankranthi, and Vybhav) harboured more diverse and compositionally distinct communities than the susceptible cultivar Arka Vikas, as indicated by Shannon, Simpson, and Chao-1 indices and multivariate analyses. Several isolates, particularly from the genera Xylaria, Fusarium, Arcopilus, Epicoccum, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stutzerimonas, and Paenibacillus, displayed strong nutrient-solubilizing traits in vitro, highlighting their potential as plant growth-promoting candidates. Eleven promising isolates were further evaluated on the susceptible cultivar Arka Vikas. At 30 days after sowing, Epicoccum nigrum and Bacillus subtilis significantly increased seedling height, biomass, and leaf number relative to the control. Overall, the study reveals that resistant cultivars are associated with greater culturable endophyte diversity and identifies several isolates with strong potential for promoting plant growth. Future research should assess the antiviral potential of these endophytes under ToLCV challenge and employ metagenomic studies to elucidate their functional roles in enhancing plant health.
28. Surgical hematoma removal promotes skeletal muscle recovery in a rat laceration model.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Muscle hematomas can exacerbate inflammation, delay healing, and reduce function after muscle injury. This study examined whether early hematoma removal promoted recovery in a rat model of tibialis anterior muscle laceration. Hematomas were surgically removed 6 h after injury and compared with untreated animals. Histological analysis revealed that the hematoma removal group had a significantly reduced hematoma size 24 h after injury and a significantly reduced abnormal tissue area on days 3 and 14. Furthermore, the hematoma removal group demonstrated better muscle strength recovery at 3, 14, and 28 days post-injury. Gene expression analysis of the injured muscle tissue revealed that the expression levels of several genes related to inflammation and inflammatory pain (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, COX-1, COX-2, NGF) and macrophage marker molecules (CD68, ADGRE1, CD206, Arg1) during the acute phase were significantly lower in the hematoma removal group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the transcription levels of the genes related to myogenic differentiation. In summary, early surgical hematoma removal in a rat laceration model reduced inflammation and abnormal tissue volume and promoted muscle strength recovery. This study provides new evidence suggesting that early hematoma removal after skeletal muscle injury is beneficial.
29. Intrachromosomal insertion as a diagnostic challenge: a hidden structural rearrangement causing recurrent duplication and deletion.
期刊: Molecular cytogenetics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Intrachromosomal insertion is a rare form of structural chromosomal rearrangement that often cannot be accurately delineated by conventional G-banding, making it difficult to predict reproductive outcomes. In clinical practice, such insertions are often misinterpreted as inversions or remain undetected, leading to recurrent segmental imbalances in offspring. We aimed to characterize an unresolved structural rearrangement identified in a family and to clarify its reproductive implications through advanced cytogenetic and molecular analyses. Cytogenetic and molecular studies were conducted in a family where the proband exhibited a 17.8 Mb duplication at 9q21.31-q22.33. Although G-banding suggested a parental structural abnormality, its configuration could not be precisely defined. Subsequent preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) using shallow whole-genome sequencing was performed on embryos, and further structural characterization was achieved through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nanopore long-read sequencing. PGT-SR identified recurrent segmental imbalances involving the same region as in the proband, including four duplications and one deletion among 13 embryos. FISH and long-read sequencing demonstrated that the paternal rearrangement represented an intrachromosomal inverted insertion, described as ins(9)(q34.13q22.33q21.31). The father was phenotypically normal but transmitted unbalanced gametes generated by recombination between the insertion and original sites, leading to recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. This case highlights the potential of intrachromosomal insertions, although balanced in carriers, to cause recurrent segmental duplications or deletions in offspring. Comprehensive analysis using FISH and long-read sequencing is essential for accurate diagnosis, appropriate genetic counseling, and informed reproductive decision-making.
30. Cerebellar transcranial static magnetic field stimulation reduces muscle activity during maximum contraction.
期刊: BMC research notes 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
31. Ecomelancholia in the city: affects and memory in late industrial urban India.
期刊: Anthropology & medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
People increasingly inhabit toxic and damaged urban environments that change not only their bodies but also their affective relations with the city. This paper focuses on ‘urban ecomelancholia,’ an affective response to experienced or anticipated environmental damage and loss, and the corresponding attachment to memories of past urban environments. As grieving with transformative potential, melancholia provides a lens to late industrialism’s ambiguities of harm and hope. Focusing on middle-class urban dwellers in India, this paper asks how they experience and affectively relate to urban environmental change, harm, and loss. Situating urban ecomelancholia within scholarly debates on melancholia, this paper first examines urban dwellers’ sensorial experiences of heat and its changes. Next, it traces residents’ grief-tinged memories of one city’s lost and polluted lakes and some of their attempts at ecological repair. Reflecting on melancholia’s potential for activist work, these accounts are juxtaposed with a discussion of a visual artist’s melancholic depictions of a polluted river and a Carnatic singer’s music video in the midst of ecological ruins.
32. Improving child mental health and learning outcomes and reducing stigma and discrimination in conflict setting: findings from a cluster randomized controlled trial of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in rural primary schools in Afghanistan.
期刊: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Conflict and crises have long-lasting and dramatic consequences on the mental health of children. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on child mental health in Afghanistan. A two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 83 rural primary schools within three provinces of Afghanistan. Children in Grades 3-6, their teachers, and one adult family member were enrolled. Schools were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of two groups: a treatment group composed of entire classes receiving a week-long classroom-based teacher-and-child psychosocial training, a one-day family engagement component, and a community-based system dynamics workshop; and a control group. Primary outcomes were anxiety, depression, life skills, self-efficacy, and resilience of the child. Secondary outcomes included reading and mathematical literacy, mathematical problem-solving, and school-based discrimination and stigma. This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number registry (ISRCTN83632872). In June 2021, 40 schools and n = 2,262 children were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 43 schools and n = 2,277 children to the control group. Preintervention survey started October 2, 2021 (first batch) and April 10th, 2023 (second batch). After a minimum of 4-month intervention, a postintervention survey took place. No treatment effects were found on anxiety, depression, resilience, self-efficacy, life skills, or stigma. Effects were found for academic outcomes and school-based discrimination. Shorter interventions displayed reductions in depression, anxiety, stigma, and discrimination, and an increase in life skills. Additional analyses showed significant effects on several outcomes for boys, on a few outcomes for girls, and in areas where the governmental did not disrupt the process. Classroom-based interventions delivered by trained field-based educational staff can effectively promote child mental health, social-emotional skills, and academic outcomes, and reduce stigma and discrimination among subgroups of children in conflict and crisis settings and have viable potential for scalability.
33. Allied Health Provision of Therapy in the Neonatal Units in New Zealand: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
期刊: Journal of paediatrics and child health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
To benchmark early rehabilitative intervention by occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech and language therapists (Neonatal Neurodevelopmental Therapists, NNTs) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and Special Care Baby Units (SCBU) in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Benchmarking included content and amount of service provision of neurodevelopmental therapy, and respondent views on workforce priorities. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with clinical directors of NICU/SCBU and NNTs recruited via professional networks. The survey included multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative responses and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Completed surveys (n = 64) were received from 17 clinical directors (85% of all clinical directors in New Zealand) and 47 NNTs. Early rehabilitation intervention delivered by NNTs is substantially below international recommended levels in all units. Only 5/17 (29%) of units employed dedicated NNTs. Within their limited time, NNT’s activity included assessment (100%), intervention (82%), parent education and support (92.3%) and staff education and support (82%). Few NNTs (36.2%) had specialist training with this population. Themes in workforce priorities were the desire for continuity of care of infants by NNTs, a preference for dedicated NNT and greater access to training. The limited availability of NNT in NICU/SCBU is likely to compromise the amount of early rehabilitation intervention and reach to neonates and their families, particularly more vulnerable populations such as Māori and Pacific. Substantial scale up of service provision and establishment of a national network of NNT are proposed to advance training, continuity and equity of care.
34. Probabilistic risk assessment of occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica among ceramic workers in an industrial town in Iran: a Monte Carlo simulation approach.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to evaluate occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and assess the lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ) among ceramic workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted across four occupational groups: polisher/washer, finisher, caster, and material handler. Personal air sampling was performed using NIOSH 7602 methodology to measure time-weighted average (TWA) RCS concentrations. ILCR and HQ were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations, incorporating exposure parameters and health risk models from USEPA guidelines. The mean concentration of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) among workers exceeded both Iran OEL and threshold limit value (TLV) in all four occupational groups, with the highest level observed in Polishers (2.76 mg/m3). Monte Carlo simulation revealed that all groups had Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) values above the acceptable threshold of 1.00E-06, with polishers showing the highest mean ILCR (5.66E-04). Similarly, Hazard Quotients (HQ) exceeded in all groups, indicating significant non-cancer health risks, particularly in Polishers (mean HQ = 114). These findings indicate a high probability of developing silica-related diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer, emphasizing the need for immediate control measures. The results demonstrate that ceramic workers are exposed to hazardous levels of respirable crystalline silica, posing serious long-term health risks. The use of Monte Carlo simulation provided robust estimates of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, confirming the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, engineering controls, respiratory protection, and targeted health education to prevent silica-related diseases in this high-risk population.
35. Global, regional, and national burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to secondhand smoke exposure: Trends from 1990-2021 and projections to 2035.
期刊: Chinese medical journal 发表日期: 2026-Jan-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
36. [Factors that contribute to the death/severity and onset of COVID-19 infection in working generation: Investigation of general health examination items by narrative review].
期刊: Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that affected Japan remains vivid in our collective memory. Currently classified as a Category 5 virus (for which medical institutions and individuals primarily implement preventive measures independently, without significant administrative intervention such as isolation), COVID-19 infections continue to peak biannually, currently driven by the Nimbus variant, a derivative of the Omicron strain. This situation necessitates ongoing vigilance in infection prevention efforts. While it is well-established that environmental factors, such as proper ventilation, are crucial in mitigating the risk of COVID-19 transmission, it has become evident that variations in individual susceptibility exist; some individuals contract the virus while others do not, even in identical environments. Personal factors, including pre-existing medical conditions, influence this disparity. This narrative review examines personal factors related to general health assessments within the workplace, incorporating data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as insights from both international and domestic academic societies. Although the strength of evidence varies, factors such as male gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, inadequate sleep, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been identified as contributors to the severity and onset of COVID-19, as well as its associated mortality.
37. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, methyl 2-(formylamino)benzoate, CAS Registry Number 41270-80-8.
期刊: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 发表日期: 2026-Jan-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
38. Methods and mechanisms for measuring and monitoring outcomes from newborn bloodspot screening: a scoping review.
期刊: Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-21 链接: PubMed
摘要
Newborn bloodspot screening offers the potential to detect rare diseases early, enabling timely treatment that can reduce mortality and morbidity. Generating evidence for rare diseases often depends on observational data, making it challenging to formulate recommendations for new screening programmes and evaluate the effectiveness of existing ones. To identify the range of methods and mechanisms used to measure and monitor outcomes from newborn screening programmes using a scoping review. We included studies published between 2019 and 2024, which evaluated a current or candidate newborn screening programme, or which reported outcomes in screen-detected cases. Studies were categorised into four groups: group 1 reported a comparison and follow-up; group 2 reported a comparison but no follow-up; group 3 reported no comparison with follow-up; and group 4 reported no comparison or follow-up. Data were extracted from a random sample of studies within each group; studies in group 1 were prioritised. Results were reported narratively according to study group. The review was conducted and reported according to current guidance for scoping reviews. EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Science Citation Index (Web of Science - Clarivate). We included 574 primary studies and extracted data from 178. Of the 75 studies in group 1, most compared screen-detected cases with controls (74%). Studies in this group used newborn bloodspot programme databases, registries or record review to identify participants and outcomes; only six (8%) reported use of record linkage. Studies in group 2 (n = 31) mostly reported comparisons of screening tests (25, 81%). Over half of studies in group 3 (n = 34) used newborn bloodspot programme databases to identify participants (53%) and outcomes (65%). A similar pattern was seen in the group 4 (n = 38). Studies reporting follow-up typically relied on retrospective record review or were not well reported. Across all study groups, data on accuracy, epidemiology and genetic variants were common. Studies in group 1 also reported on the effectiveness of newborn bloodspot screening (32/75, 43%), treatment effectiveness (20%) or harms of newborn bloodspot screening (3%). Restricting data extraction to a random sample of studies risks missing novel methods or mechanisms. Many studies reported test accuracy metrics and genetic variants in newborn screening. Some data on programme effectiveness were identified, but assessment of potential harms remains limited, and methods for follow-up were poorly reported. Assessment of harms, including overdiagnosis and psychological impact, is crucial to ensuring a net benefit at the population level. In a second phase of work, an in-depth assessment of studies using different methods and mechanisms will be conducted to identify the extent to which they can provide outcome data to inform the evaluation of ongoing and candidate screening programmes. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR167910. Newborn screening aims to identify babies who are likely to develop rare disease. Finding these babies early allows them to be treated quickly or to be monitored. This can improve health and save lives. Research is more difficult to do when conditions are rare. This makes it hard to decide whether new screening programmes should be introduced, or existing ones are effective. Our study explored the types of studies that have been conducted to assess newborn screening programmes. We reviewed research published between 2019 and 2024. We first looked at whether studies tried to compare results between groups of participants or tests. We then looked at whether studies followed the participants over time to measure outcomes (known as follow-up). We looked at the methods used to include participants in the studies. We also looked at the methods used to measure outcomes and what type of outcomes were measured. We report data from 178 studies. Studies identified newborns through existing screening databases, or by review of medical records. Some studies used national disease registries. A small number of studies linked more than one database together. Many studies reported how accurate screening tests were. The longer-term effects of newborn screening, such as when the babies become children and adults, were reported less often. Possible harms from an incorrect screening test result were not looked at very often. A limitation was that we were only able to document information from a subgroup of studies. This means we might have missed some unique methods. More work is needed to develop and improve the types of studies that are done. This will help us understand and explore the benefits and risks of newborn screening.
39. Relationship of Non-Essential and Essential Metals with Vitamin D in a Chinese Early Adolescent Cohort.
期刊: Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 发表日期: 2026-Jan-20 链接: PubMed
摘要
40. Plant-Powered Nanotechnology: A Review of Green Synthesis Approaches for ZnO and Silver Nanoparticles with Medicinal Flora.
期刊: Current topics in medicinal chemistry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Plant-powered nanotechnologies integrate the concepts of biological engineering and green synthesis to produce safe and environmentally friendly nanoparticles that address environmental and public health issues. Biological production, meanwhile, is a safe, biodegradable, as well as a sustainable method to create nanoparticles. Tabernaemontana divaricate, Calotropis gigantea (L.), Passiflora caerulea, Acorus calamus (rhizome), Cucurbita maxima (petals), Moringa oleifera (leaves), Piper nigrum, Ziziphus Spina Christi, Eucalyptus globulus, and Ziziphus oenoplia, etc., plants were among the medicinal flora used in the biological synthesis of Silver and Zinc oxide. Initially, phytochemical testing, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy were employed to characterize the greensynthesized Zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles. These medicinal floras have proven tremendous potential in the development of nanoparticles for several purposes in medicine, cosmeceuticals, food science and technology, water treatment and purification, environmental cleanup, and agriculture. This review paper highlights the characteristics of biologically produced Zinc oxide and Silver Nanoparticles and investigates the broad spectrum of plants that can be utilized in a single-phase, rapid protocol preparation approach that prioritizes green principles over conventional ones. These biologically friendly silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles have the potential to be very useful in the field of biomedicine, agriculture, cosmetics, water treatment, food science and technology, and the energy sector. The biomedicinal applications of green synthesised nanoparticles are particularly intriguing, with potential in drug delivery, bioimaging, antibacterial treatments, anti-Leishmanial properties, and cancer therapy. Compared to previous approaches, these nanoparticles provide benefits in terms of controlled administration, less toxicity, and increased therapeutic effectiveness. Future studies must concentrate on the development of affordable, non-hazardous, ecologically safe, and self-degradable nanoparticles to aid in the commercialisation of nanotechnology in agriculture, food, healthcare, and energy.
41. Association of Caveolin1 rs3807992 Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome in East Asian Females: A Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets 发表日期: 2026-Jan-16 链接: PubMed
摘要
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health issue. The role of genetic versus environmental factors in MetS remains debated. The Caveolin1 (CAV1) gene, which encodes the caveolin protein, has been reported to be associated with several diseases. This study aims to elucidate the connection and underlying mechanisms between the CAV1 gene variant and MetS. Following the PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD42024452093), we performed extensive searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase through April 2024. Ten cross-sectional studies, encompassing 3545 participants, were included, focusing on the association between the CAV1 gene variant and three core components of MetS: obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Associations were evaluated using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AA or AG genotypes versus GG. Robust associations between the CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism and indicators of obesity, body mass index (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.063 to 0.467, p = 0.010), body fat mass (95% CI = 0.052 to 0.247, p = 0.003), and fat mass index (95% CI = -0.004 to 0.319, p = 0.056) were found. Furthermore, inverse correlations were observed with lipid profiles: high-density lipoprotein (95% CI = -0.493 to -0.154, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (95% CI = -0.296 to -0.101, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (95%CI = -0.186 to -0.027, p = 0.008) showed significant relationship, while no significant associations were found with triglycerides or diastolic blood pressure. The CAV1 rs3807992 variant may play a role in MetS, suggesting its potential as a genetic marker and therapeutic target, while our study also provides insights into the underlying mechanisms. CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity and adverse lipid profiles. The A allele may contribute to increased obesity while negatively affecting cholesterol levels. These findings support the potential use of rs3807992 as a genetic biomarker for MetS risk assessment and personalized prevention.
42. [Analysis of induction therapy response in children with high-risk neuroblastoma].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate the correlation between induction therapy response and prognosis in children with high-risk neuroblastoma, and to analyze factors associated with the induction therapy response. Data of 55 children with high-risk neuroblastoma diagnosed and treated at Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Induction response was assessed according to the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria and patients were categorized into a good-response group (complete response or very good partial response) and a poor-response group (partial response, progressive disease, mixed response, or no response). Clinical and biological characteristics, treatments, and prognostic factors were analyzed. Among the 55 children, 29 were male and 26 were female; the median age at onset was 39 months. Follow-up was performed until December 31, 2024. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were (83.8±5.3)% and (47.0±10.3)%, respectively. Neuron-specific enolase level at initial diagnosis, induction therapy response, radiotherapy, and recurrence were prognostic factors for EFS and OS (P<0.05). The 3-year OS was (83.5±7.4)% in the good-response group and (66.7±13.6)% in the poor-response group (P=0.012), while the 3-year EFS was (62.8±10.4)% and (27.8±14.8)%, respectively (P<0.001). Intracranial metastasis at initial diagnosis was associated with a poor induction response (P=0.033). A platelet count ≥400×109/L was associated with a better induction response (P=0.002). Induction therapy response is a significant prognostic factor in high-risk neuroblastoma. Absence of intracranial metastasis and a platelet count ≥400×109/L at initial diagnosis are associated with a favorable induction therapy response. 目的: 研究高危神经母细胞瘤（neuroblastoma, NB）患儿诱导治疗反应与预后的相关性，分析其影响因素。方法: 回顾性分析2019年1月—2023年12月期间上海市儿童医院诊治的55例高危NB患儿的资料，根据国际NB反应标准评估诱导反应，分为诱导治疗反应良好组（完全缓解或非常好的部分缓解）及诱导治疗反应不良组（部分缓解+疾病进展+混合性反应+无反应），分析两组患儿的临床生物学特点、治疗情况及影响预后的相关因素。结果: 55例高危NB患儿中，男性29例，女性26例，中位发病年龄为39个月。随访至2024年12月31日，3年总生存（overall survival rate, OS）率及无事件生存（event-free survival, EFS）率分别为（83.8±5.3）%、（47.0±10.3）%。初诊时神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平、诱导治疗反应、放疗、复发是影响患儿EFS率及OS率的预后因素（P<0.05）。诱导治疗反应良好组及不良组的3年OS率分别为（83.5±7.4）%、（66.7±13.6）%（P=0.012），3年EFS率分别为（62.8±10.4）%、（27.8±14.8）%（P<0.001）。疾病初诊时存在颅内转移与诱导治疗反应不良相关（P=0.033）;血小板计数≥400×109/L与更好的诱导治疗反应相关（P=0.002）。结论: 诱导治疗反应显著影响高危NB的预后。疾病初诊时无颅内转移及血小板计数≥400×109/L与诱导治疗反应良好相关。.
43. [Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with -7/7q- abnormalities].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with monosomy 7 (-7) and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q-). A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data, treatment, and prognosis of children with -7/7q- AML who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2024. A total of 869 children with AML who had complete karyotype data were included, of whom 32 (3.7%) had -7/7q- chromosomal abnormalities. There were 20 males and 12 females, and the median age at diagnosis was 6 years. Six children (19%) had isolated -7; 2 (6%) had isolated 7q-; and 24 (75%) had additional chromosomal abnormalities. After induction chemotherapy, complete remission (CR) was achieved in 16 children (50%). At the last follow-up, 15 children (47%) had died and 17 (53%) were alive. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was (54.1±0.1)%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was (52.6±0.1)%. The multivariable analysis showed that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.62, P=0.008) and OS (HR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.04-0.59, P=0.006), with better outcomes in children who underwent HSCT. The incidence of -7/7q- chromosomal abnormalities in children with AML is 3.7%. Additional chromosomal aberrations are common, and the CR rate after induction chemotherapy is low. HSCT is associated with improved prognosis and survival. 目的: 分析伴单体7（-7）和7号染色体长臂缺失（7q-）的儿童急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia, AML）的临床特征及预后相关因素。方法: 回顾性分析2010年1月—2024年12月北京大学人民医院儿科收治的伴-7/7q- AML儿童的临床资料、治疗及预后。结果: 共收治染色体核型分析结果完整的AML儿童869例，其中伴-7/7q-染色体异常32例（3.7%）;男20例，女12例;中位诊断年龄6岁。伴孤立性-7染色体异常6例（19%），伴孤立性7q-染色体异常2例（6%），伴额外染色体异常24例（75%）。诱导化疗后获得完全缓解16例（50%）。随访时死亡15例（47%），存活17例（53%），3年无病生存率为（54.1±0.1）%，3年总生存率为（52.6±0.1）%，行造血干细胞移植（hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HSCT）为3年无病生存率（HR=0.17，95%CI:0.04~0.62，P=0.008）及总生存率（HR=0.16，95%CI:0.04~0.59，P=0.006）的独立影响因素，行HSCT治疗的儿童可获得更好的预后。结论: -7/7q-染色体在儿童AML中的发生率为3.7%，易合并额外染色体异常，诱导化疗后完全缓解率低，行HSCT治疗有助于改善预后，提高生存率。.
44. [Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To investigate risk factors for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and risk factors for receipt of life-sustaining therapy (LST) in the PICU. Clinical data of ALL patients treated at the Children’s Medical Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into PICU and non-PICU groups according to PICU admission. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for PICU admission. The cumulative probability of PICU admission was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. PICU patients were further stratified into LST and non-LST groups according to whether LST was received, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for receiving LST. A total of 200 children with ALL were included; 42 (21.0%) were admitted to the PICU at least once, with 48 total admissions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hyperleukocytosis at diagnosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >500 U/L were independent risk factors for PICU admission (both P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that T-cell ALL and hyperleukocytosis were associated with higher cumulative PICU admission rates. Univariate analysis showed that C-reactive protein, albumin, and respiratory failure were significantly associated with the receipt of LST (all P<0.05). Further multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that respiratory failure was significantly associated with an increased risk of receiving LST (OR=13.254, P=0.027). Children with ALL who have hyperleukocytosis at diagnosis and LDH >500 U/L have a higher risk of PICU admission; respiratory failure is an independent risk factor for receipt of LST among PICU-admitted ALL patients. 目的: 分析急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL）患儿入住儿童重症监护室（pediatric intensive care unit, PICU）的危险因素及其在PICU接受生命支持治疗（life-sustaining therapy, LST）的危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析2016年6月—2021年6月中南大学湘雅二医院儿童医学中心收治的ALL患儿的临床资料，根据是否入住PICU分为PICU组和非PICU组，采用多因素logistic回归分析入住PICU的危险因素。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估PICU累积入住概率。根据是否接受LST将PICU患儿分为LST组和非LST组，采用多因素logistic回归分析接受LST的危险因素。结果: 共纳入200例ALL患儿，其中42例（21.0%）患儿至少入住过一次PICU，总入住次数为48次。多因素分析显示，诊断时伴高白细胞血症和乳酸脱氢酶>500 U/L是ALL患儿入住PICU的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示T淋巴细胞白血病和高白细胞血症均具有相对较高的累积PICU入院率。C反应蛋白、白蛋白水平及呼吸衰竭与患儿接受LST显著相关（均P<0.05）;进一步行多因素logistic回归分析显示呼吸衰竭的PICU患儿接受LST的风险显著升高（OR=13.254，P=0.027）。结论: 诊断时伴高白细胞血症和乳酸脱氢酶>500 U/L的ALL患儿入住PICU的风险较高;呼吸衰竭是PICU内ALL患儿接受LST的独立危险因素。.
45. [Neurodevelopmental assessment of children with congenital heart disease: a Meta analysis based on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Wechsler Intelligence Scale].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To systematically evaluate neurodevelopmental differences between children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls. A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, and VIP Database to identify studies published from database inception to February 2025 that assessed the neurodevelopment of children with CHD (CHD group) and healthy controls (control group) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. In total, 33 studies involving 3 316 children were included. Hedges’ g was used as the effect size. Meta analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were performed using STATA/SE 17.0. Based on BSID-II, compared with the control group, the CHD group had significantly lower mental development index (Hedges’ g=-1.09) and psychomotor development index (Hedges’ g=-1.22) scores (both P<0.001). Based on BSID-III, compared with the control group, the CHD group had markedly lower scores in cognition (Hedges’ g=-0.78), language (Hedges’ g=-0.65), and motor (Hedges’ g=-0.98) (all P<0.001). The Wechsler Intelligence Scale indicated that, compared with the control group, the CHD group had significantly lower full-scale intelligence quotient (Hedges’ g=-0.74), verbal intelligence quotient (Hedges’ g=-0.86), and performance intelligence quotient (Hedges’ g=-0.67) (all P<0.001). Children with CHD exhibit developmental delays in cognition, language, motor function, and intelligence. 目的: 系统评估先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease, CHD）患儿与健康对照儿童的神经发育差异。方法: 全面检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库，共筛选出从建库至2025年2月公开发表的、关于采用贝利婴儿发展量表（Bayley Scales of Infant Development, BSID）和韦氏智力量表评估CHD患儿（CHD组）与健康对照儿童（对照组）的神经发育状况的33篇文献，共计3 316例儿童。以Hedges’ g作为效应量指标。采用Stata/SE 17.0软件进行Meta分析、亚组分析、敏感性分析和发表偏倚分析。结果: BSID-Ⅱ量表评估显示，与对照组相比，CHD组的智力发育指数（Hedges’ g=-1.09）和精神运动发育指数（Hedges’ g=-1.22）显著降低（均P<0.001）;BSID-Ⅲ量表评估显示，与对照组相比，CHD组的认知（Hedges’ g=-0.78）、语言（Hedges’ g=-0.65）和运动能力（Hedges’ g=-0.98）得分均明显降低（均P<0.001）;韦氏智力量表评估显示，与对照组相比，CHD组的总智商（Hedges’ g=-0.74）、言语智商（Hedges’ g=-0.86）和操作智商（Hedges’ g=-0.67）均显著低于对照组（均P<0.001）。结论: CHD患儿在认知、语言、运动功能及智力水平方面存在发育迟缓。.
46. [Adolescent depressive disorder: prevalence, risk factors, current status of diagnosis and treatment, and challenges].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
The prevalence of depressive disorder among adolescents is rising, causing serious harm to families and society. Examining risk behaviors such as gaming addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal behaviors resulting from adolescent depressive disorder in light of psychosocial and pathophysiological perspectives, along with in-depth exploration of diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas-including insidious onset, high comorbidity, and difficulties in differential diagnosis-helps build a multidimensional intervention system encompassing psychological, pharmacological, and physical therapies. It also provides a theoretical basis for promoting multicenter cohort studies and establishing a comprehensive prevention and control model linking families, schools, and hospitals. This paper systematically outlines the current epidemiological status, comorbidity spectrum, and clinical pathways for early identification and comprehensive intervention in adolescent depressive disorder. 青少年抑郁障碍的患病率日益升高，对家庭和社会造成严重危害。从社会心理和病理机制层面讨论青少年抑郁障碍造成的游戏成瘾、非自杀性自伤行为和自杀行为等危险行为，深入探讨其起病隐匿、共病高发、鉴别诊断困难等诊疗困境，有助于构建涵盖心理、药物、物理治疗的多维度干预体系，并为推动多中心队列研究、建立家庭-学校-医院联动的综合防控模式提供理论依据。该文系统梳理了青少年抑郁障碍的流行病学现状、共病谱系及早期识别与综合干预的临床路径。.
47. A Review on Gamma-Oryzanol as a Multitarget Therapeutic Agent for Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence, and Clinical Prospects.
期刊: Current topics in medicinal chemistry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which collectively increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the growing global burden of MetS, there is increasing interest in nutraceuticals such as gamma-oryzanol (γ-ORY), a bioactive compound derived from rice bran oil (RBO), as potential therapeutic agents. A systematic literature search was conducted through July 2024 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder. The keyword “gamma-oryzanol” was combined with terms related to MetS and its components. Original preclinical and clinical studies were included, while reviews and book chapters were excluded; however, their references were screened for additional relevant studies. Preclinical studies indicate that γ-ORY targets multiple molecular pathways, including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, upregulation of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-α, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, and promotion of glucose transporter type 4 translocation. These mechanisms collectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation. Clinical trials, primarily involving adults with T2DM, obesity, dyslipidemia, or postmenopausal women (aged 30-70 years, mixed ethnicities), report that γ-ORY reduces total cholesterol (10-15%), LDL-C (8-12%), triglycerides (10-18%), fasting glucose (10-25 mg/dL), and HbA1c (0.3-0.8%). Compared to conventional therapies such as statins (LDL-C reduction: 30-50%) or antihypertensives (e.g., irbesartan), γ-ORY demonstrates milder efficacy but better tolerability, and may enhance the antihypertensive effects of irbesartan. Notably, clinical studies consistently report a favorable safety profile for γ-ORY, with minimal adverse effects and no major safety concerns to date. Overall, γ-ORY shows promise as a safe, multitarget nutraceutical for MetS management, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. However, the generalizability of current findings is limited by small sample sizes, inconsistent dosing regimens, and underrepresentation of diverse populations (e.g., various ethnic groups and pediatric cohorts). Large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy, optimize dosing, and assess long-term safety compared to standard therapies.
48. [Interpretation of the "International consensus on early rehabilitation and nutritional management for infants at high risk of neurological impairment"].
期刊: Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
The “International consensus on early rehabilitation and nutritional management for infants at high risk of neurological impairment” was jointly developed by the Rehabilitation Group of the Pediatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association in collaboration with international experts. It aims to provide standardized guidance for early rehabilitation and nutritional management in infants at high risk of neurological impairments. Based on existing evidence and expert opinion, the consensus addresses 10 key clinical questions, including early identification, rehabilitation intervention, and nutritional management, and provides scientific and practical guidance for healthcare professionals in China to improve clinical management and outcomes. This article interprets the consensus to offer relevant guidance for the early rehabilitation and nutritional management of infants at high risk of neurological impairments. 《神经功能受损高危儿早期康复及营养管理国际共识》由中华医学会儿科学分会康复学组联合国际专家共同制定，旨在为神经功能受损高危儿的早期康复和营养管理提供标准化指导。该共识基于现有证据和专家意见，围绕早期识别、康复干预及营养管理等10个关键临床问题展开，为国内相关医疗工作者提供了科学、实用的指导，有助于提升神经功能受损高危儿的临床管理水平，改善预后。该文就该共识进行解读，以期为神经功能受损高危儿的早期康复及营养管理提供相关指导。.
49. [Optical Coherent Tomography: A Tool for Non-Invasive Biopsy in Women's Health].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Optical coherent tomography (OCT) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technology with significant potential in fields of medicine where invasive biopsy is limited or impractical. In ophthalmology, where retinal biopsy is not possible, OCT has become a standard of care for monitoring physiologic and pathologic changes. Similarly, OCT holds promise for improving women’s healthcare, particularly in areas where biopsies are not routinely performed due to anatomical, ethical, or patient comfort considerations. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is one such condition where OCT may provide significant clinical value. However, ethical and practical limitations often restrict the ability to perform repeated or even sporadic vaginal wall biopsies. As a result, the efficacy of new treatment modalities largely assessed through subjective patient-reported outcomes, leading to inconsistent and controversial data that hinder progress in the field. This review outlines a collaborative effort by scientists and clinicians at the University of California, Irvine, to develop a novel, non-invasive “optical biopsy” tool for external genital assessment. A dedicated system integrated within a vaginal probe was developed to combine energy-based treatment with real-time OCT imaging. The new system successfully detected differences in vaginal epithelial thickness (VET) and blood vessel density (BVD) across women of different age groups, and between different segments of the vaginal wall. The system was used to measure VET and BVD changes before and after treatment with Fractional-Pixel CO2 laser. Beyond GSM, this technology is now being applied to other vulvovaginal conditions, including vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). The ability to perform non-invasive real-time monitoring of tissue structure and function is a critical step forward in women’s health, offering new opportunities for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and ultimately improving clinical outcomes.
50. [Ovarian Torsion Diagnosed Using Computer Tomography - A Case Report].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adnexal torsion is responsible for 2.7% of gynecological emergencies. Ultrasound is the test of choice for this diagnosis, but there is some evidence of non-significant difference between ultrasound and computed tomography, in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We present a case of ovarian torsion, in which the ultrasound examination was technically suboptimal, and computed tomography imaging had an important diagnostic role, demonstrating a “Whirlpool sign”. This case emphasizes the importance of the use of different and complementary imaging modalities, and the importance of reinterpretation of imaging in clinical practice.
51. [Comparison of Methods for Cervical Ripening for Labor Induction for Fetal Indication: Mechanical vs. Pharmacological].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The optimal method for cervical ripening during labor remains debated. To determine the effective cervical ripening method based on fetal indications. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary center (2010-2021). Enrolled nulliparous women had a Bishop score of ≤6 and vertex presentation undergoing labor induction for fetal well-being indications (including non-reassuring fetal heart rate). Participants were categorized based on the ripening method used: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or cervical ripening balloon (CRB). The study included 716 nulliparous women: 462 (64.53%) induced by PGE2 and 254 (35.47%) induced by CRB. The duration from induction to delivery was similar for both PGE2 and CRB inductions (25 [15-41] vs. 26 [20-39] hours, p=0.34). There were no differences in delivery mode. Rates of chorioamnionitis and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) were lower with PGE2 (3.5% vs. 7.1%, p=0.021; 2.2% vs. 5.1%, p=0.034, respectively). No other significant differences were observed, including neonatal outcomes. Neither method demonstrated overall superiority in terms of efficacy or neonatal outcomes, although PGE2 exhibited a lower maternal risk profile. This point should be taken into consideration. The study found similar efficacy between PGE2 and CRB for labor induction due to fetal indications in nulliparous women, with no difference in time to delivery or cesarean delivery (CDs). PGE2 demonstrated lower rates of chorioamnionitis and OASIS, suggesting better maternal safety. In cases of nulliparous women with an unripe cervix and fetal indications for induction, PGE2 and CRB are similarly effective. Nevertheless, PGE2 is associated with a lower risk of maternal complications.
52. [The Amniotic Fluid Index Does Not Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Rupture of Membranes at Term].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) refers to the spontaneous rupture of membranes before the onset of labor. PROM, regardless of gestational age, is linked to increased risks of perinatal infections and umbilical cord compression. Amniotic fluid plays a crucial role in fetal development and growth, and its volume is essential for proper fetal well-being. Measurement of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) through prenatal ultrasound has become a standard practice in fetal monitoring. While numerous studies have explored the relationship between AFV and preterm PROM, few have focused on its association with term PROM. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship and predictive value of ultrasound-measured AFV in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective study included women with singleton pregnancies with PROM admitted to Meir Medical Center, a tertiary academic medical center. Term PROM was defined as occurring between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. The study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Meir Medical Center (MMC-0125-24). The women were divided into two groups based on their amniotic fluid index: normal AFV (≥5 cm) and oligohydramnios (<5 cm). A total of 537 women were admitted with PROM during the study period, and 402 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 319 (79.4%) had normal AFV, and 83 (20.6%) had oligohydramnios. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, amnionitis, meconium-stained fluid, or placental abruption() or neonatal outcomes (respiratory distress, fetal sepsis, or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission). Women presenting with PROM and oligohydramnios can be reassured, as no association was found between AFV at the time of presentation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the relationship between amniotic fluid volume and membrane rupture at term.
53. Context Matters: Urban Typology and Pandemic-Related Mental Health Decline in Low-Income South African Settings.
期刊: Journal of community psychology 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
We explored the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported mental health and perceived social and economic challenges in very-low- to low- to middle-income households in four urban typologies in South Africa: formal township dwellings, backyard dwellings, inner-city high-density apartments, and informal settlement dwellings. The purpose was to inform urban policy and crisis-response planning. Structured interviews were conducted with 1330 adults from a stratified random sample from each urban typology during the third SARS-CoV-2 wave. Respondents reported increases in anxiety (28.5%), depression (23.9%), and decreased social connectedness (20.0%). Conversely, some respondents reported improved mental health, with decreases in anxiety (16.3%), depression (18.4%), and increased social connectedness (17.5%). Anxiety and depression were more prevalent in formal township dwellings and high-density apartments than in informal settlements. Financial concerns, worries about isolation, crime, and community violence, and fear of COVID-19 infection and stigma were mostly associated with decreased mental health. Our findings suggest that residents from different urban typologies were affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research demonstrates the impact of environmental disasters on mental health in urban communities, which is mediated by social and economic problems.
54. [Reference Values for Sonographic Estimated Fetal Weight and Biometry in Twin Gestations - A Nationwide Cohort].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Twin gestations are subjected to higher rates of growth abnormalities. Accurate, locally customized reference values may contribute to an accurate diagnosis of abnormal growth. We aimed to determine reference values for sonographically estimated fetal weight (sEFW) and biometry in twin gestations. A multicenter retrospective longitudinal analysis of sEFW and biometric measurements evaluations of twin gestations was performed between 2010 and 2022 in 11 medical centers in Israel. The sEFW at 14-40 gestational weeks was calculated using the Hadlock 1985 formula. Only data from viable twins delivered at or above 34 gestational weeks were included. Cases that underwent early fetal reduction or cases that were diagnosed with major congenital fetal anomalies or genetic aberrations were excluded. The non-parametric Quantile Generalized Additive Model (QGAM) approach was employed for building the growth curves. A total of 7,060 fetuses and 18,248 measurements were incorporated in the sEFW and biometry growth curves. The cohort included 3,449 (49%) dichorionic twins contributing 7,192 (40%) of measurements. The rest were monochorionic twins (536, 8% of twins; 1,866, 10% of measurements) or with unknown chorionicity (3,066, 43% of twins; 9,171, 50% of measurements). The cohort included 49% females and 51% males when gender was reported (N=10,945 evaluations). Similar growth curves were observed when curves were split according to chorionicity, when the cohort included only twins delivered after 36 gestational weeks, and following the exclusion of discordant twins above 30%. Reference values for twins’ sEFW and biometric measurements are presented for the Israeli population for clinical and research use. Since sEFW and biometry reference values determine fetal growth assessment and subsequent pregnancy management, this study has significant implications for Israeli health policy related to twin pregnancy care.
55. Sexual health interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in women with female genital mutilation: A systematic review.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), characterized by persistent problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain, can occur in women with any type of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a result of anatomical changes, pain, or psychological trauma. To systematically review the evidence on the effects of non-surgical interventions, including sexual counseling, mechanical devices, and lubricants, on the sexual function in women living with FGM. A comprehensive search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, IRIS, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception to November 2025. Reference lists were hand-searched and study authors contacted for additional data. Studies were eligible if they involved women with any type of FGM who received non-surgical interventions for FSD. One controlled trial met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. In women with Type I FGM, use of the FDA-approved Eros-Clitoral Therapy Device (CTD) combined with psychotherapy led to statistically significant improvements across all domains of the Female Sexual Function Index compared with psychotherapy alone. In the control group, only orgasm scores improved. Evidence on non-surgical interventions for FSD in women with FGM is extremely limited and based solely on a small single trial in women with Type I FGM. Although Eros-CTD shows promise, findings cannot be generalized to other FGM types, and data on safety and contraindications are lacking. Further research is needed across diverse populations and FGM types to inform practice and policy.
56. Impact of female genital mutilation laws, policies, and professional codes of conduct on healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and quality of care: A mixed-method review.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Over 230 million girls and women worldwide have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), primarily in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. Although many countries have laws prohibiting FGM, enforcement remains a challenge. Efforts to eliminate FGM require a multifaceted approach, including policy implementation, community education, and training of healthcare workers (HCWs). To explore how laws, policies, and professional codes of conduct related to FGM prevention and care affect HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and care delivery. A comprehensive search of the following electronic database was conducted: CINAHL Plus, IRIS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. No language restrictions were applied in the literature search. Studies involving HCWs’ perspectives or experiences with FGM laws and policies were included. Titles and abstracts were screened using Covidence, full texts were assessed for eligibility, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. All included studies were assessed for quality using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. A thematic synthesis of the qualitative data was conducted, involving coding of the extracted data and performing thematic analysis. This review of 12 qualitative studies, from 2010 database records, identified six key themes regarding HCWs’ experiences with FGM laws. HCWs often had limited knowledge of FGM laws, which impeded attitude changes toward FGM practices. Although some providers avoided performing medicalized FGM due to legal repercussions, others continued supporting or referring patients, because of cultural norms, religious beliefs, financial incentives, and weak enforcement. In addition, providers expressed discomfort with mandatory reporting and concerns about compromising patient trust. In some contexts, FGM laws were seen as contributing to health inequities by restricting culturally significant procedures while allowing similar or more invasive ones for others. The findings also revealed the emergence of modified FGM forms and significant gaps in providers’ knowledge and communication skills when explaining legal prohibitions to affected girls and women. This review found no eligible quantitative studies. Qualitative findings reveal legal awareness alone does not change behavior. Therefore, comprehensive training, guidance on professional ethics, and stronger enforcement are needed to support HCWs in FGM prevention and response.
57. Health systems approaches and other multisectoral efforts for primary prevention of female genital mutilation and clinical management of its complications.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Female genital mutilation (FGM) affects more than 230 million girls and women globally and poses substantial public health, human rights, and gender-equality challenges. While community and legislative initiatives remain central to elimination efforts, emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of health systems in prevention, clinical management, and rights-based support for survivors. This editorial synthesizes findings from six systematic and mixed-method reviews that inform the 2025 WHO guideline on the prevention of FGM and the management of its complications, with a focus on community interventions, health-worker capacity building, legal and policy frameworks, deinfibulation, clitoral reconstructive surgery, and non-surgical sexual-health interventions. Evidence suggests that community education may shift knowledge and attitudes supporting abandonment. Training improves provider knowledge and confidence but requires stronger ethical and regulatory alignment. Laws and professional codes influence provider behavior but may generate unintended harms without clear guidance. Clinical interventions, including deinfibulation and reconstructive surgery, show potential benefits but are supported by low-certainty and methodologically limited evidence. Research on non-surgical sexual-health interventions is minimal. Eliminating FGM and improving survivor care require an integrated health-systems approach, aligned legal and professional frameworks, and survivor-centered, methodologically robust research to guide prevention, clinical management, and ethical practice.
58. [Rapid Deterioration of Preeclampsia and Suspected Monogenic Hypertension - A Case Report].
期刊: Harefuah 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite all the knowledge reached regarding preeclampsia, including preventive strategies, predictive algorithms, diagnosis and treatment, we still encounter cases that rapidly deteriorate while jeopardizing the patient and her fetus. It is known that hypertension constitutes a considerable portion of pregnancy complications and is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A continuous global increase in its prevalence is noted, mainly due to lifestyle changes, a tendency toward obesity, and delayed childbearing to a more advanced age. We present a case of rapid deterioration of a 35-year-old parturient who underwent an emergency cesarean section at 33 weeks of gestation due to superimposed preeclampsia with severe features. The patient developed chronic hypertension-related target organ damage such as hypertensive cardiomyopathy and retinopathy, and developed acute complications, including uncontrolled blood pressure, pulmonary edema, Type-2 myocardial infarction and renal insufficiency. Following surgery, she was admitted to the intensive care department, and as her condition stabilized, follow-up treatment took place at the maternity ward. Treatment was provided by a multidisciplinary team including: the obstetrics division, with the intensive care department, the cardiology division, and the nephrology institute. The patient was eventually discharged for continued outpatient follow-up. The nephrology follow-up raised relevant differential diagnosis in accordance with the patient’s personal and family history, and in collaboration with the genetics unit, a monogenic hypertensive disorder was suspected and sought. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis of high-risk cases in general, and chronic hypertension in particular, and thorough evaluation and recommendations for preventive medicine. It highlights the necessity of appropriate treatment adaptation, patient adherence and compliance, and maintaining blood pressure control, as well as early identification and management of acute and chronic disease-related complications. If a genetic basis for the condition is confirmed, we can identify and counsel other family members and encourage early monitoring and treatment before target organ damage occurs.
59. A systematic review of group education or one-on-one counseling for the prevention of female genital mutilation in communities that perform female genital mutilation.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women and girls. Education plays a crucial role in stopping and preventing FGM by raising awareness through individual counseling, as well as group education at health facilities. To assess the effectiveness of group education or one-on-one FGM prevention counseling or information sharing in preventing FGM in communities that practice FGM. We searched electronic databases from inception to May 2023 for published and gray literature, without language restrictions. Controlled studies, including before-and-after studies were included. Studies were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction, risk of bias, and grading of the evidence. Four observational studies were included. Very low-certainty evidence showed that a higher proportion of individuals in group education plus information sharing had improved knowledge about FGM and its complications (relative risk [RR] 3.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.56-3.74; 816 participants), attitude against FGM (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.59-2.32; 816 participants), and commitment not perform FGM (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.74-2.19; 816 participants) compared with “no intervention”. Group education plus advocacy may improve knowledge about FGM and its complications (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.31; 819 participants), attitude (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.79-2.61; 819 participants) and commitment to not perform FGM (RR 2.59, 95% CI 1.95-3.43; 819 participants) versus “no intervention”. Community-based educational interventions may improve knowledge of FGM, its complications, and decrease support for FGM.
60. Clitoral reconstructive surgery in women and girls living with female genital mutilation: A systematic review.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is recognized as a violation of human rights, with global prevalence affecting million girls and women. FGM varies in type and severity, and poses physical, emotional, and social risks, with a significant impact on female sexual function leading to mental health issues and reduced quality of life. Surgical techniques, such as clitoral reconstructive surgery, are practiced to restore clitoral function. To assess the effectiveness of clitoral reconstructive surgery in mitigating sexual dysfunction, vulvodynia, clitoral pain, low self-esteem, and negative body image among women living with any type of FGM. The following major databases were searched for published and gray literature, without language restrictions, from inception to May 2023: CINAHL Plus, IRIS, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Controlled studies, cohort studies, and quasi-experimental studies with assessment before and after the intervention were included if they involved women seeking clitoral reconstruction to address the selected outcomes measured (sexual dysfunction, vulvodynia, clitoral pain, low self-esteem, and negative body image). Studies were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias. Data were extracted for meta-analyses and the evidence assessed using the GRADE (Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. We identified 13 studies. All but one used the same “Foldès technique”. The other study used a vaginal mucosal graft. Meta-analysis of vulval pain, clitoral pain, or pain during intercourse before and after clitoral reconstruction showed a significant reduction in pain (odds ratio 79.67, 95% confidence interval 41.67-152.33). The studies also reported an improvement in body image and self-esteem, as well as in clitoral sexual function. Adverse events included hematoma, infection, suture failure, edema, prolonged postoperative pain, mild inflammation, and necrosis. The certainty of evidence was very low on all outcomes. Although clitoral reconstructive surgery for FGM seems safe and effective, preoperative sexual health counseling should be offered. Women should be clearly informed about the risks and the limited evidence of possible benefits of clitoral reconstructive surgery, and their assessment and treatment should follow current scientific evidence and best clinical practice.