公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-02-02)
共收录 59 篇研究文章
1. What is the future of the fit note?
期刊: The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 发表日期: 2026-Feb-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
2. Validity and reliability of the Bangla version of the European health literacy survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) for university students.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
3. Associations between time spent with digital media and body image among European adolescents.
期刊: BMC pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
External factors, including digital media (DM), promote body ideals that can shape adolescents’ body image, but studies across European countries are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between daily DM duration and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents from nine European countries. Participants from the I.Family study self-reported daily DM duration and BID in 2013/2014 (n = 3,608; 51% female; mean age 13.6 years (standard deviation: 1.1). DM duration was measured in hours/day, including television viewing (TV), computer/game console (PC), smartphone, and internet use. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of self-reported DM duration with BID and unstandardised regression coefficients were reported. Daily time spent with these technologies was categorised into < 1, 1-2, and ≥ 2 h, and underlying patterns of DM use were identified using latent class analyses. Furthermore, the interaction term between family environment and DM was included in the latent class analyses. Increasing daily DM duration, particularly for smartphone (adjusted β = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.57) and internet (adjusted β = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.50), was associated with higher BID in all adolescents. Associations were more pronounced in underweight, normal weight, and female participants. Adolescents with high internet and smartphone duration in combination with medium/low TV/PC duration showed higher positive associations with BID score compared to those with low duration of all DM types (adjusted β = 1.24, 95%CI: 0.73, 1.74). A positive family environment attenuated the association in adolescents with high internet/smartphone and medium/low TV/PC duration. The results highlight a positive association between longer daily DM duration and BID in adolescents, especially for internet-enabled media. A positive family environment seems to play a role in this association and should be further investigated in future research. Additionally, understanding the potential mechanisms explaining these associations can inform future interventions promoting healthy body image in adolescents.
4. Disproportionate climate burden of rising temperatures on low birth weight in Pakistan.
期刊: BMC medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Warming temperatures add to the global health burden, with disproportionate effects on pregnant women and newborns. Low birth weight is a major neonatal health issue in Pakistan, leading to neonatal mortality and impaired long-term health. We assessed the impact of extreme temperatures on low birth weight, identified high-risk subgroups, estimated the heat-attributable burden, projected future risks, and constructed a district-level heat vulnerability index. We conducted a space-time series study using nationally representative surveys from 2008 to 2017 across Pakistan’s provinces. We modelled temperature-low-birth-weight associations with distributed-lag non-linear models in a generalised mixed-effects framework, with model averaging to address specification uncertainty. Subgroup analyses considered maternal education, household wealth, urban/rural residence, and air quality. We estimated heat-related population attributable fraction using observed temperature and projections under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Province-level risk estimates combined with district-level indicators, such as mean temperature, multidimensional poverty, and under-5 mortality, were used to develop the heat vulnerability index. The study included 85,017 participants, with 15,920 (18.72%) infants identified as having low birth weight. Heat-related risks for low birth weight varied across provinces, with relative risks ranging from 1.47 (1.07-2.03, 95% confidence interval) to 1.91 (1.24-2.93) at the 99th percentile of temperature. The heat-related population attributable fraction ranged from 9.39% to 13.15%, translating to 1.24 million heat-related low-birth-weight cases over the study period. Projections indicate that heat-related population attributable fractions will increase by 8.43-10.20% by the 2060s. Subgroup analysis showed higher risk among women exposed to hazardous air pollution, those with less education, and urban residents. Women in southern Punjab, northern Baluchistan, and Sindh faced the highest risks. Our findings identify Pakistan’s districts most vulnerable to heat-related low birth weight and highlight contributing factors. These insights can inform targeted interventions to mitigate risks. The study advances the understanding of the impacts of rising temperatures, particularly in resource-limited and high-risk settings.
5. Timing matters: a machine learning-driven comparison of community and hospital-onset sepsis.
期刊: BMC medical informatics and decision making 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
6. The effects of perceived chronic stress and work-related factors on the risk of incident depression among German general practice personnel: a causal pathway approach using IMPROVEjob study data.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
7. Polyamine metabolism as a regulator of cellular and organismal aging.
期刊: Amino acids 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Polyamines - putrescine, spermidine, and spermine - are ubiquitous cationic molecules that are essential for cellular proliferation and homeostasis. Their intracellular concentrations decline with age, contributing to physiological and cognitive deterioration. Recent studies have revealed that spermidine supplementation extends lifespan and improves cognitive and cardiac function in various model organisms, suggesting that maintaining polyamine balance has anti-aging potential. Polyamine metabolism is tightly regulated through biosynthesis, degradation, and transport; however, age-associated upregulation of spermine oxidase (SMOX) and accumulation of its toxic byproduct acrolein promote oxidative damage and cellular senescence. Suppressing SMOX activity or polyamine degradation attenuates senescence markers and DNA damage, highlighting spermine catabolism as a therapeutic target. Polyamines also modulate epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, thereby influencing gene expression and chromatin structure during aging. Moreover, polyamine-dependent hypusination of eIF5A sustains protein synthesis in senescent cells. These multifaceted actions indicate that polyamine metabolism integrates redox control, translational regulation, epigenetic maintenance and autophagy to determine cellular and organismal longevity. While animal studies demonstrate clear anti-aging effects of spermidine and spermine, human clinical evidence remains limited, with variable outcomes likely due to bioavailability and metabolic conversion. Future strategies combining dietary or probiotic polyamine enhancement, enzyme-targeted inhibitors, and personalized metabolic interventions hold promise for extending healthspan. Collectively, maintaining optimal polyamine homeostasis emerges as a key approach to counteract aging and age-related diseases.
8. Biophysical and biochemical innovations for Nigeria's leather sector: a sustainable roadmap for industrial practices and policy perspectives.
期刊: Environmental science and pollution research international 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Nigerian leather industry, despite its vast resource base and economic potential, continues to rely heavily on traditional processing methods that pose significant environmental and health risks. This review paper provides an interdisciplinary examination of the biophysical and biochemical innovations as transformative tools for improving leather processing, with a focus on strategies for achieving sustainable industrial practices in Nigeria. From a biophysical perspective, the paper explores thermal and mechanical operations, spectroscopic monitoring techniques, and the role of nanotechnology in improving leather quality and processing efficiency. Biochemical and toxicological considerations are also addressed, particularly the health and ecological risks associated with chromium salts, aldehydes, and synthetic dyes. Natural and enzymatic alternatives are evaluated for their efficacy and environmental performance. Drawing on case studies from recent innovations in green chemistry, enzymatic tanning, and plant-based materials, this review synthesizes practical pathways for cleaner production. The review concludes by offering an integrated roadmap encompassing technological modernisation, policy reform, and institutional leadership-particularly the role of the Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (NILEST)-to support a science-led transition to sustainable leather manufacturing. Overall, this paper aims to guide stakeholders in academia, industry, and government in reforming Nigeria’s leather value chain for economic resilience and ecological stewardship toward a more sustainable and innovation-driven future.
9. Environmental occurrence of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in Enterococcus isolates and genomic insights into Enterococcus faecium ST54 co-harboring optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D) genes.
期刊: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus species have emerged worldwide, with resistance mainly driven by plasmid-borne optrA, poxtA, and cfr genes. While the optrA gene has been increasingly identified in humans and animals, its presence in the environmental sector remains poorly studied, especially in South America. This study aimed to investigate and characterize linezolid resistance genes in isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis obtained from aquatic ecosystems in 51 cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Phenotypic, molecular, and genomic analyses were used for this proposal. Accordingly, 181 Enterococcus isolates were obtained, with 67 (37%) harboring the optrA gene. Most isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, and the minimum inhibitory concentration to linezolid ranged from 0.5 to > 64 mg/L. Several virulence genes and plasmid replicons were observed, with gelE and rep9 being most prevalent, respectively. Ten isolates co-harbored the optrA and poxtA genes and belonged to the known sequence type (ST) 1221 (E. faecium) and ST283, ST253, ST234, and ST1230 (E. faecalis), as well as to the new ST3018, ST3022, ST3026, and ST3027 (E. faecium), and ST2126 (E. faecalis). Moreover, one E. faecium isolate (EW1587) carried optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D) genes and, therefore, was submitted to genomic characterization. Isolate EW1587 belonged to ST54 and was closely related to an animal-derived Brazilian strain. In silico analysis predicted that optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D) genes were plasmid-borne, whereas in vitro stability tests demonstrated that these genes remained stable for 30 days. These results highlight the environmental spread of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, with E. faecium ST54 co-carrying optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D) genes. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to fully elucidate the mechanisms driving the spread and evolution of linezolid resistance across environmental reservoirs. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11274-026-04786-4.
10. A Comparative Study of Vestibular Performance in Pilot and Non-Pilot Service Members in Naval Aviation.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
The vestibular system plays a critical role in maintaining gaze stability during head movement, a function largely controlled by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). When the VOR is impaired, individuals may experience blurred vision, dizziness, and other symptoms that interfere with daily activities. Dynamic visual acuity (DVA), or the ability to clearly identify a visual target during head movement, provides a functional measure of VOR performance and can be assessed using computerized tools. Military aviators are frequently exposed to situations that place high demands on the vestibular system. This study aims to evaluate DVA among rotary wing Naval aviators, hypothesizing that pilots would demonstrate superior DVA relative to non-pilot personnel. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between flight hours and DVA performance in pilots, along with evaluation of other demographics. This study included 96 participants, 58 rotary wing pilots and 38 non-pilot maintenance crew members, from Naval Air Station North Island and Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar. All participants were active duty service members who voluntarily completed a DVA assessment under the Naval Medical Center San Diego IRB protocol NMCSD.2021.005 as a part of a larger clinical human performance program. Participation was open regardless of age or sex, and recruitment occurred through word of mouth via squadron leadership and Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD) briefs. Dynamic visual acuity was assessed using a computerized test validated in previous NIH Toolbox studies. This required static head movements and horizontal head movements that exceeded 180 deg/sec while identifying briefly presented optotypes. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare demographics and visual acuity between groups. A linear model controlled for age and static acuity when comparing DVA scores. Among pilots, Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between flight hours and DVA. There were no significant differences in demographics or static visual acuity between pilots and non-pilots. Pilots demonstrated significantly better DVA (0.15 ± 0.08 LogMAR) than non-pilots (0.22 ± 0.22 LogMAR), even when adjusted for age and static acuity (P = .01). Static acuity was strongly related to DVA (Beta = 0.65, P < .0001), whereas age was not. Among pilots, flight hours (mean = 916 ± 748 hours) were not correlated with DVA performance. This study found that rotary wing Naval aviators exhibit superior DVA compared to non-pilots. These findings highlight potential vestibulo-ocular adaptations potentially from the constant occupational demands of aviation or because of the competitive selection process Naval aviators face. Although no correlation was found between flight hours and DVA, further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether DVA changes with time or exposure. This study is a first step toward bench marking and attempting to quantify the difference in DVA in pilots and non-pilots. Looking forward, DVA can play a crucial role in understanding the health of pilots’ vestibular systems, while also maximizing their performance and safety in the aircraft. Future studies should look to track DVA changes over pilots’ careers or following vestibular injuries, while also expanding to other aviation communities.
11. Military Exposures Research: A State-of-the-Art Review.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2026-Jan-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Military personnel encounter a wide range of environmental and occupational exposures during their service such as burn pit smoke, chemical warfare agents, depleted uranium, jet fuel, radiation, and pesticides. The field of military exposures research seeks to better understand the nature of these exposures and their effects on Veteran and service member health. This state-of-the-art review assesses the breadth and depth of published military exposures research so that stakeholders can identify trends and gaps in this growing field. An evidence mapping approach was used to perform a literature review of military exposures research published from 1962 to 2024. The search strategy was developed around exposed cohorts: groups of military personnel with a shared potential for exposure to toxic agents. Publications were included if they directly addressed exposures or related health outcomes in military cohorts. Publications were then further categorized by the type of research, and the results were analyzed to build a map of the current military exposures research landscape. Thirty-six exposed cohorts were identified in the literature which were then grouped based on the nature of the exposure event: Wars and Operations (4 cohorts), Occupational Exposures (5), Combat and Combat Training (2), Across Military (2), Ship Exposures (2), Defense Testing (2), Base/Garrison Exposures (9), Toxic Substance Clean-Up and Disposal (5), and Isolated Exposure Events (5). The search identified 2,321 publications that fit the review inclusion criteria. The exposed cohort with the highest number of publications was Gulf War (940, 40.5% of all publications) followed by Vietnam War (277, 11.9%), Post-9/11 Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan (191, 8.2%), Aircraft Mechanics and Ground Support (176, 7.6%), and Munition Emissions and Embedded Fragments (164, 7.1%). Each remaining cohort individually represented < 4% of the literature. Six cohorts appeared only in non-peer-reviewed reports. The type of research best represented was Epidemiology (34.0%) followed by Animal and In Vitro Models (18.8%), Sequelae and Management (17.1%), Reviews and Meta-Analyses (11.7%), Exposure Assessment (9.5%), Toxic Agent Sampling and Analysis (4.3%), and publications from the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (4.6%). The volume of military exposures research has increased steadily since the early public reports of Gulf War Illness in 1994, with 50% of articles being published after 2008. Military exposures research published since 1962 has focused on cohorts from large, high-profile deployments, particularly the Gulf War. Underrepresented cohorts with potential exposures on bases or from military occupations present opportunities for future research. The lack of meaningful exposure assessment data that has been published also points to further research opportunities to specifically improve collection and accessibility of exposure data. This work should be done with a focus on cohorts where research can directly impact Veterans access to benefits and exposure-informed care.
12. HPV vaccination in Iran: expert perspectives on family dynamics and barriers.
期刊: BMC women’s health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
13. Association of dietary patterns and healthy diet scores with anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity among rural Chinese adults.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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14. Prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity among resettled Bhutanese older adults in Ohio, USA.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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15. Familiarity, attitude and practice of postgraduate health science students of Pakistan regarding the implication of artificial intelligence in research: an analytical survey.
期刊: BMC medical education 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
16. Association between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and incident hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
17. Voice-based machine learning for rapid screening of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a robust and low-complexity diagnostic model.
期刊: BMC psychiatry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are psychiatric disorders that seriously impact physical and mental health. They are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, and the absence of objective physiological indicators makes diagnosis difficult. However, existing studies have primarily focused on adults, and few practical diagnostic tools have been developed and clinically deployed. Therefore, we investigated the voice features of children and adolescents and proposed a low-complexity automatic detection method for early recognition and self-screening. A reading paradigm with 7 segments of text is applied for voice data collection. After dividing the recording, a well-developed feature set is extracted, and the double feature selection method is proposed to select the most effective features. Finally, traditional classification models are applied to reduce complexity. The energy, spectral slope, amplitude spectrum, and RASTA-style filtered auditory spectrum of voice are effective features. Results show that 92.4% and 95.6% for voice and subject accuracy are achieved in the ternary classification of 50 BD, 50 MDD, and 50 healthy controls (HC). Besides the satisfactory accuracies, the robustness to recording devices and environments is validated. Voice features are potential biomarkers for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Based on optimized feature selection algorithms, traditional classifiers can achieve accurate and robust classification of BD, MDD, and HC with a small number of interpretable features, providing a feasible tool for auxiliary diagnosis. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-025-07476-x.
18. Drivers of health inequalities across education level among older Filipinos: a decomposition analysis using nationwide survey data.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
19. Effect of a summer externship program on undergraduate nursing students' work readiness: a quasi-experimental study.
期刊: BMC medical education 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
The diverse ways in which externship programs influence undergraduate students highlight the need for more comprehensive studies to clarify their impact on key dimensions of work readiness, including organizational acumen, personal work characteristics, social intelligence, and work competence. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a summer externship program on undergraduate nursing students’ work readiness. The study was guided by Bandura’s social cognitive career theory and Meleis transition theory. This study employed a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-post design. This study was reported according to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs guidelines (TREND). Participants were recruited from six healthcare facilities located in central Saudi Arabia. The intervention consisted of a 2 to 4 week summer externship (minimum 50 h) in acute care units, where students practiced direct patient care, documentation, and clinical decision-making under registered nurse supervision. Data were collected using the Work Readiness Scale and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A total of 234 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the externship program, of whom 175 (74.8%) completed both pre- and post-program questionnaires. Overall work readiness increased significantly from pre-program (M = 346.5, SD ± 55.1) to post-program (M = 367.0, SD ± 65.9, p < .001). The majority of participants (92.6%) expressed overall satisfaction with the program, acknowledged substantial support from their assigned health facilities (87.4%), and perceived the externship as having a significant positive impact on the community (86%). Significant differences in work readiness scores were found based on the perceived impact of the program on the community (f = 5.513, p < .005) and motivation to join the externship program (f = 8.527, p < .001). At post-program, significant improvements were observed in work competence, organizational acumen, and personal work characteristics (all p < .001), whereas no significant change was found in social intelligence (p = .673). The externship program significantly improved nursing students’ overall work readiness and key dimensions, supporting its value in facilitating the transition from academic learning to clinical practice. The findings highlight important student-level variables for the design of future externship nursing programs aimed at facilitating students’ transition to real-world nursing practice. Not applicable.
20. Medication adherence in a German cohort of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer: results of the BRE-BY-MED study.
期刊: BMC cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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21. Navigating cancer treatment in people with intellectual disability: a qualitative study of professionals' and family members' perspectives.
期刊: BMC cancer 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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22. Implementation of tuberculosis care cascade among adult people living with HIV registered in anti-retroviral therapy centres in Odisha, India, 2020-2023.
期刊: BMC infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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23. A comprehensive assessment of health hazards faced by people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Denver, Colorado (October - November 2023).
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Unsheltered living settings, such as encampments, pose significant health hazards to those residing in them. However, limited understanding of these hazards hinders efforts to address the health and safety needs of unsheltered individuals. Some U.S. cities have encampment restrictions, resulting in the involuntary displacement of people staying in public spaces. In response, locations called Temporary Supported Communities (TSCs)-government-sanctioned encampments providing a place to eat, sleep, and access case management-emerged as an interim housing option when permanent housing is unavailable. It is unknown whether TSCs reduce the health hazards experienced by residents compared to public encampments. Therefore, we evaluated observed and self-reported health hazards faced by people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Denver, Colorado, compared hazards between public encampments and TSCs, and assessed the prevalence and impact of involuntary displacement. We conducted a cross-sectional survey about perceived health hazards with 187 people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in seven public encampments and three TSCs in Denver, Colorado, October-November 2023 through an Epidemiologic Assistance investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We paired interviews with observational assessments to document and narratively compare hazards in each setting. We calculated the prevalence of involuntary displacement and used thematic analysis to evaluate its impacts. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze differences in self-reported sanitation access and concern about health hazards by setting. Participants in TSCs reported greater sanitation access compared with those in public encampments (p < 0.0001). Health hazard concerns were higher in public encampments, particularly waste, injuries, and involuntary displacement (p < 0.05). Observational assessments confirmed survey findings, with more waste and injury hazards in public encampments. Involuntary displacement was a top concern; over half of participants reported experiencing at least one event, leading to worsened health, disconnection from services, and loss of personal items. We present a framework for health agencies to identify health hazards in encampment settings and interventions to improve them. TSC residents reported better sanitation access and fewer hazard concerns, but both settings carry substantial health hazards, indicating the need for effective hazard mitigation.
24. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetic foot care among individuals with diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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25. Impact of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome control policies in Hebei Province: an interrupted time series analysis.
期刊: BMC infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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26. Shifting emergency department utilization patterns among vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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27. Associations of external environment with life-space mobility among community-dwelling older adults: the potential mediating role of intrinsic capacity.
期刊: BMC geriatrics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Community-dwelling older adults residing in non-age-friendly external environments face a higher risk of restricted life-space mobility. Although improving the external environment may help mitigate this risk, environmental interventions are often complex, challenging to implement, and demonstrate limited effectiveness. Enhancing intrinsic capacity, however, may offer a novel approach to addressing the risk of restricted life-space mobility in older adults. This study aims to examine the relationships among the external environment, intrinsic capacity, and life-space mobility, while also analyzing the mediating role of intrinsic capacity between the external environment and life-space mobility. From March to June 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling method involving 808 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above in Yanji, Jilin Province, China. Data were collected using standardized instruments, including a general information questionnaire, the Life-Space Assessment for older adults, the Intrinsic Capacity Assessment Tool, and the External Environment Assessment Tool. All data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between variables, and mediation analysis was conducted using Model 4 in the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The incidence of limited life-space mobility was 55.4%, with life-space mobility score of 60.00 ± 30.76, an intrinsic capacity score of 180.10 ± 29.12, and an external environment score of 80.40 ± 17.82. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that life-space mobility was positively correlated with both the external environment and intrinsic capacity, with correlation coefficients of 0.721 and 0.622, respectively (P < 0.01). Additionally, the external environment was positively correlated with intrinsic capacity, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.699 (P < 0.01). The mediation analysis results indicated a significant total association between the external environment and life-space mobility (B = 0.560, t = 16.875, P < 0.001). The pattern of associations was consistent with partial mediation by intrinsic capacity, with a significant indirect path (Effect = 0.278, 95% CI [0.199, 0.355]), accounting for 22.35% of the total association. The life-space mobility of older adults living in the community was moderately low. The external environment was associated with life-space mobility both directly and indirectly through intrinsic capacity. To improve the functional ability of community-dwelling older adults, attention should be given to enhancing their life-space mobility, optimizing the external environment, and strengthening intrinsic capacity. These efforts will contribute to achieving the goal of healthy aging.
28. Development and validation of a machine learning based suitability assessment model for primary healthcare facilities in metropolitan China.
期刊: BMC primary care 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
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29. Modernizing Student Housing in Urban Communities: A Social Work and Public Health Perspective.
期刊: Social work in public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Safe, accessible, and affordable student housing is vital for student success, influencing academic achievement, mental health, and community stability. Many urban colleges rely on substandard facilities that often fail low-income, first-generation, and minority students. This commentary argues that student housing should function as both a preventive health strategy and a means of promoting social justice. By examining mixed-use redevelopment models at Florida A&M University and Howard University, the paper demonstrates how design and collaboration-including social work advocacy-can create inclusive, health-promoting environments. Utilizing the Social Determinants of Health and Social Ecological Model frameworks, this discussion calls for interdisciplinary partnerships as essential strategies to advance equity and well-being in higher education.
30. Blood lipidome profiling reveals potential biomarkers linked to health and carcass quality traits in pigs.
期刊: Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
The modulation, activation, and differentiation of several immune cells is highly dependent on lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic determinism of the porcine plasma lipidome and its association to the animal immune capacity and production performance. The analysis of the blood lipidome of 300 60-day-old Duroc pigs allowed semi-quantification of 982 circulating lipid molecules. We evaluated the genetic determinism of the lipidome abundances, as well as their phenotypic and genetic correlations with health, stress, and carcass phenotypes. Triacylglycerols were the most abundant lipid class among the plasma lipid features, followed by glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, diacylglycerols, and fatty acids/esters. Lipidome abundances showed low to moderate phenotypic correlations with the health and production traits, which clustered in two groups with opposite phenotypic correlation patterns with the lipidome. Mean heritability estimates for the circulating lipids abundance was generally low, but 184 lipid molecules showed significant heritability ranging between 0.25 and 0.85. At the genetic level, the percentage and phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes, the proportion of γδ T lymphocytes, and the cortisol concentration in hair were especially correlated with the lipidome, showing more than 200 significant genetic correlations with different lipidic compounds. Putative identification of associated metabolites by mass similarity revealed a large presence of phospholipids and glycerolipids among lipid molecules genetically correlated with immunity traits. Regarding production traits, fatness and lean meat measures showed an opposite pattern of genetic correlations with the porcine lipidome. Lipids positively correlated with fatness were mainly composed of diacyl- and triacyl-glycerides, while potential ceramides and phospholipids were more abundant among the lipids positively correlated with lean meat content at the genetic level. Our results demonstrate a genetic determinism of the porcine blood lipidomic profile and suggest genetic correlations of the lipidome abundances with health and production performance phenotypes. We identify potential lipid biomarkers for assessing animal health and productivity.
31. From rational collective feeding to flexible individual choice: The governance of hospital foodservice in transition.
期刊: Health (London, England : 1997) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
In this article, we critically discuss a Swedish hospital foodservice reform by putting foodservice in a historical and social context and analyzing a case, “the most flexible patient foodservice system in Sweden,” by using Bacchi’s what’s the problem represented to be (WPR) approach. We show how hospital foodservice governance in Sweden has become more focused on the individual patient as a consumer. Our analysis points out how in political protocols and related policy materials freedom of choice, flexibility, and efficiency were articulated as drivers of change. Freedom of choice was argued to enhance quality, increase food intake, diminish demand for special diets and lower costs. This can be seen as empowering patients, but also shifting part of the responsibility of nutrition care and health over to individuals, whether they want it or not. Flexibility was seen as beneficial for patient logistics regarding medical treatment and argued to improve allocation of staff resources. Inefficiency was a characteristic attributed to the old system, while the reform was an opportunity to modernize and be more cost-efficient. The new organizational structures may lead to tensions between foodservice and healthcare. The changes, system flexibility and patient freedom of choice, are salient within a broader neoliberal discourse.
32. Nutritional interventions for TB: a critical component of integrated TB care amid funding challenges.
期刊: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Undernutrition remains a leading driver of TB worldwide. Modeling and epidemiologic evidence show that nutritional interventions are highly cost-effective for reducing TB incidence and mortality, with benefits that extend beyond TB. Recent funding cuts and reprioritization threaten the availability of nutritional support and may hinder TB control efforts. We outline two approaches to sustain integrated support. First, countries can expand domestic financing through innovative mechanisms, such as taxes on tobacco and calorie-dense, low-nutrition foods. Second, governments should strengthen collaboration with international agencies to provide coordinated nutritional assistance and fill critical gaps in support for affected households.
33. Disparities in Exposure to Cannabis Marketing and Perceptions of Inequalities in Possession Treatment: Differences Across Intersections of Sociodemographic Subgroups.
期刊: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cannabis-related concerns include young adult use and sociodemographic disparities. We examined sociodemographic subgroup perceptions of targeted cannabis-related law enforcement and marketing. US young adults (N = 4,031) aged 18-34 were recruited via Facebook in 2023 to participate in an online survey. Multivariable linear regressions examined gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity in relation to (1) perceived unfair treatment of certain groups for cannabis possession, (2) perceived cannabis industry targeting of certain groups, (3) noticing promotions targeting certain groups, (4) exposure to cannabis-related risk information, and (5) exposure to cannabis-related advertisements. We also examined potential groups that may be at higher risk (moderation). Black (vs. White), Hispanic (vs. not), transgender (vs. cisgender male), nonbinary (vs. cisgender male), and sexual minority (vs. heterosexual) individuals tended to perceive more unfair treatment of cannabis possession. Moderation findings indicated strong associations regarding perceptions of unfair possession treatment among Black transgender (simple slope=-0.60) and Black sexual minority individuals (simple slope=-0.18). Black (vs. White) and Hispanic (vs. not) individuals had more past 6-month exposure to cannabis-related risk information, while transgender (vs. cisgender male), nonbinary (vs. cisgender male), and sexual minority (vs. heterosexual) had less. Black (vs. White) individuals also had more past 6-month cannabis advertisement exposure, perceived more industry targeted marketing, and noticed cannabis-related promotions targeting certain groups more frequently (particularly strong among cisgender female Asians [simple slope = 0.28] and Black sexual minority individuals [simple slope=-0.30]). Cannabis-related inequities, particularly among racial minorities and LGBTQ individuals, suggest the need for regulatory and intervention efforts to reduce disparities.
34. Identification of MKRN1 as a key modulator of the p53-MDM2 feedback loop.
期刊: Cell death and differentiation 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
The p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) feedback loop plays a central role in tumor suppression by optimizing p53-dependent DNA damage responses (DDRs), though it has been suggested that factors other than MDM2 are also involved in the regulation of the p53-MDM2 feedback loop. We identified makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) as a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase that ubiquitinates MDM2 and thereby promotes the p53 activation. As previously demonstrated, MKRN1 ubiquitinates and degrades p53 under steady-state conditions. However, when DNA damage occurs, MKRN1 switches its substrate to MDM2. Thereafter, MKRN1 promotes the stabilization and activation of p53 through proteasomal degradation of MDM2, which contributes to the elimination of DNA-damaged cells. Moreover, we found that the switch in the substrate of MKRN1 was determined by the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Thus, our results suggest that MKRN1 working in conjunction with SIRT1 is a master regulator of the p53-MDM2 feedback loop modulated by crosstalk between ubiquitination and acetylation.
35. The relationship between health promotion and renewable energy sources in the attitudes of Polish medical students.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
36. Food insecurity among waste-picking children in Iran and its associated factors.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Waste-picking children represent one of the most marginalized groups in urban settings, facing poverty, poor health, and food insecurity. This study investigated the prevalence of food insecurity and its determinants among waste-picking children in Tehran. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children aged 13-18 years in different districts of the city during autumn and winter 2024. Participants were selected through multi-stage sampling and assessment using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Logistic regression was applied to explore factors associated with severe food insecurity. Findings revealed that only 26.9% of children were food secure, while 11.3% experienced mild, 38.4% moderate, and 23.5% severe food insecurity. Living with family and being of Iranian ethnicity emerged as protective factors, while low household income, poor self-reported health, smoking, and oral or dental problems significantly increased the likelihood of severe food insecurity. These results highlight the urgent need for interventions that address structural and social vulnerabilities. Ensuring access to healthcare and nutrition programs, supporting families through social protection, and reducing inequalities are critical steps to improve food security in this population. Focused policies and community-based programs can help protect waste-picking children from long-term adverse outcomes linked to chronic deprivation.
37. Analysis of nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, total particulate matter, water, benzo[a]pyrene, and humectants in cigarettes and bidis from India and Myanmar.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Tobacco use poses a major public health challenge in the World Health Organization’s South-East Asia Region, where it contributes to approximately 2.3 million deaths each year. In 2020 alone, tobacco smoking was responsible for around 1.6 million of these deaths. The region faces a dual burden of high prevalence of both smoking and smokeless tobacco use, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened tobacco control measures. The toxic substances found in the emissions of smoked tobacco products are inadequately researched. This study presents primary scientific information on levels of nicotine, water, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in mainstream smoke deliveries from popular cigarettes from India and Myanmar, and bidis from India; additionally, flavours and humectants were tested in fillers. Globally accepted methods from the World Health Organization’s Tobacco Laboratory Network (TobLabNet), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) were used. When comparing Indian and Myanmar cigarettes, we discovered that nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Myanmar cigarettes were slightly higher than those in Indian ones, though the difference was not statistically significant. Water, tar, and total particulate matter (TPM) also exhibited no statistically significant variations. Significantly higher (p = 0.008) concentrations of BaP, ranging from 8.02 to 14.90 ng/cigarette (median, 9.95 ng/cigarette), were observed in Myanmar-origin cigarettes, indicating increased exposure risks for users. Among humectants, only propylene glycol showed significant variation (p = 0.023). Compared with Indian cigarettes, bidis showed significantly higher nicotine and CO (p = 0.023), as well as water and TPM (p = 0.008). When bidis were compared with cigarettes from both countries, nicotine (p = 0.041), water, and TPM differed significantly (both p < 0.001). The intended flavours were not detected in the mainstream smoke of the cigarettes and bidis examined. The findings of this study can be leveraged to enhance public health by identifying harmful chemicals that exceed established limits and potentially motivating manufacturers to produce less harmful products by conforming to toxicant emission standards.
38. Exploring the factors associated with health literacy among adolescents in Hong Kong.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Health literacy is crucial for promoting healthy behaviors and is linked to improved health outcomes among adolescents, yet global levels remain suboptimal. In Hong Kong, where rising rates of obesity and related health issues among adolescents are of increasing concern, understanding health literacy in this population is essential. However, current interventions of health literacy face challenges in effectively addressing the differences between the target groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors associated with health literacy among adolescents in Hong Kong, to provide evidence for identifying groups for intervention implementation. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Hong Kong. Secondary school students from grades 1 to 4 in Hong Kong were recruited to complete a 98-item survey measuring socio-demographic information, socioeconomic status (SES), health behaviors, mental toughness, and health literacy. Group differences were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models examined factors associated with adolescent health literacy. A total of 1423 adolescents were included in this study. The mean health literacy score was 57.24 (SD = 17.04) in the adolescents. Multivariable regression showed that aged over 14 years (β = 3.79), medium SES (β = 2.91), high SES (β = 4.80), adequate vegetable intake (β = 0.041), adequate fruit intake (β = 3.13), and mental toughness (β = 10.69) were positively related to overall health literacy. Smoking (β = - 7.38), alcohol drinking (β = - 4.03), excessive electronic game screen time (β = - 2.06), and male gender (β = - 3.86) were negatively associated with overall health literacy. Mental toughness (β = 4.27-12.43) showed a strong positive association across all health literacy sub-domains. This study identified high-risk groups with regard to health literacy among adolescents, including younger individuals, males, those with lower socioeconomic status, poor dietary habits, lower levels of mental toughness, and those engaging in risky behaviors. Future policies and interventions should specifically target these groups to optimize the effectiveness of subsequent initiatives.
39. Multistep receptor binding of the hepatitis B virus preS1 domain.
期刊: Nature communications 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
The preS1 domain present on hepatitis B and D virus particles is an intrinsically disordered peptide (IDP) essential for recognizing the host receptor, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). However, it remains poorly understood how the disordered preS1 peptide achieves high-affinity binding through its conformational change. Here, we reveal a stepwise binding process through which multiple regions within preS1 cooperate to establish the stable binding to NTCP. By combining structure-based molecular simulations with virological assays, we show that Asn9preS1, Gly12preS1, and His17preS1 primarily mediate the NTCP binding by forming a tandem loop core structure that docks into the bile acid tunnel of NTCP, creating an extensive binding interface. Another interaction via Trp41preS1 stabilizes the flexible preS1 33-48 aa stretch embedded onto the NTCP outerface, particularly involving Asn87NTCP and Tyr146NTCP. Mutation in these key residues abolishes virion infectivity in cell culture and mouse models, demonstrating the biological significance of this binding maturation. These findings propose a multistep mechanism for viral IDP-mediated receptor recognition that ensures high virion infectivity and strict host specificity.
40. eHealth competency needs in the Mekong border region: a GLMM analysis of primary care personnel in Nong Khai, Thailand.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
41. Positive association between serum uric acid and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: insights from a Japanese health checkup cohort.
期刊: BMC endocrine disorders 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
42. Incarceration history and HIV testing among people who inject drugs in the Boston metro area: a pooled cross-sectional study.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
43. Prevalence and determinants of being out-of-care among HIV-positive young people aged 15-24 years in Mozambique: findings from the 2021 population-based HIV impact assessment survey.
期刊: BMC infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
44. Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation in community pharmacies using mobile electrocardiogram technology: a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study (PREVENIM ICTUS).
期刊: BMC primary care 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, often silent, arrhythmia that markedly increases stroke risk yet remains undiagnosed in many high-risk adults. Mobile electrocardiogram technology in community pharmacies has detected 1-5% new AF internationally, but real-world pharmacist-led data in Southern Europe are scarce. Our study screened adults ≥ 55 years with cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish pharmacies to determine the frequency of undiagnosed AF and facilitate early stroke prevention. A quasi-experimental multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Community Pharmacies, Health Centers and Auxiliary Clinics in the Basic Health Area of Sagunto and Puerto de Sagunto (Spain) between April and June 2024. Community pharmacy users aged 55 years or older, with at least one risk factor, were included: hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, BMI > 30 kg/m2, obstructive sleep apnea and who had signed the informed consent form. 1-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) result. 784 users were included, with a mean age of 70.1 years (SD = 8.0). From the 62 (7.9%) users identified with an alteration in the 1-lead ECG, 36 (58.1%) corresponded to a possible AF. Of these, thirty-four were referred to the Health Centre for confirmation by 12-lead ECG. Six patients (17.6%) were diagnosed with AF. Opportunistic AF screening in Community Pharmacies, using portable technology, is a viable strategy to identify potential cases of undiagnosed AF in the at-risk population, contributing to early diagnosis of the arrhythmia and thus to stroke prevention. Not applicable.
45. Family and school environment as mediators in mental health outcomes among gender-diverse youth: insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
期刊: BMC psychiatry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
46. Risk factors affecting the age at onset in adult patients with multiple sclerosis.
期刊: BMC neurology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
47. Transplatformer: translating toxicogenomic profiles between generations of platforms.
期刊: BMC bioinformatics 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Transcriptomic profiling technologies have advanced the analysis of biological and toxicological responses. However, substantial differences in probe design, dynamic range, gene coverage, and preprocessing pipelines across platforms introduce artifacts that limit cross-study integration and hinder the reuse of historical datasets. We aim to develop computational methods for accurate cross-platform translation to maximize the value of legacy resources. We present TransPlatformer a deep learning framework for translating gene expression profiles across heterogeneous toxicogenomics platforms. TransPlatformer employs a novel attention-based architecture to map high-dimensional fold-change vectors from legacy microarray technologies to current platforms. Models are trained and evaluated using DrugMatrix, spanning three technological generations. We investigate mixed-tissue, single-tissue, and cross-tissue training paradigms and benchmark performance against multilayer perceptron and matrix-completion baselines. In mixed-tissue training, TransPlatformer achieves a greater than 50% reduction in mean absolute error (0.043 vs. 0.09) and nearly doubles Pearson correlation (≈ 0.71 vs. 0.37) relative to baseline methods. Importantly, TransPlatformer preserves rare but biologically meaningful over- and under-expressed signals, with mean absolute error below 0.22. Single-tissue models yield further improvements for well-represented organs, such as a 10% reduction in liver mean absolute error, while underscoring the need for data augmentation strategies in low-sample tissues.ra CONCLUSIONS: TransPlatformer provides an effective and scalable computational solution for cross-platform transcriptomic translation. By enabling biologically faithful harmonization of gene expression data, the proposed approach facilitates the reuse of legacy toxicogenomics datasets, enhances downstream biomarker discovery, and supports more reproducible predictive modeling in toxicology.
48. Exploring the Feasibility of Paper-Based Substrates for User-Friendly Electrochemiluminescent Sensors.
期刊: Analytical chemistry 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a light-emitting process in which electrochemically generated excited states relax to the ground state and emit photons; in many systems, this excitation is produced through reactions involving a coreactant. ECL has been successfully employed in devising analytical methodologies requiring exceptional sensitivity and ultralow background, critical for precise measurements. Its seamless integration with paper-based platforms further enhances easiness of use, portability and cost-efficiency, expanding its applicability across biomedical, environmental, and point-of-care fields. This novel study aims at integrating the sensitivity offered by ECL and the experimental convenience of paper-based substrates, thus bridging a gap in the science of measurements and providing a new analytical tool with relevant features. Office paper and filter paper were evaluated and compared to conventional and widely used polyester-based screen-printed electrodes. The main goal was to assess their electrochemical behavior, analytical performance and reliability for long-term reagent storage. In fact, the use of paper might lead to a key innovation in the field: tripropylamine, the sacrificial coreactant successfully employed in combination with the luminophore tris(2,2’-bipiridine)ruthenium(II), namely Ru(bpy)32+, in a model ECL system, was dried by taking advantage of the paper’s porosity. This allowed eliminating manual reagent addition/mixing during analysis, with the result of simplifying the experimental procedure at the end-user and enhancing storage stability. As promising results, the electrochemical characterization revealed that office paper exhibited superior sensor’s performance due to its lower porosity, while the highly porous filter paper caused signal loss and reduced analytical performance. Features such as sensitivity, stability, repeatability and storage ability were assessed. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of paper-based substrates, especially commercial office paper, as sustainable and cost-effective platforms for ECL sensing.
49. International Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Patients With Hereditary Angioedema.
期刊: Allergy 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency is a rare disease characterized by unpredictable episodes of tissue swelling (angioedema), which, in most cases, occur first under the age of 18 years, and entail a significant burden of disease not only for the patients but also for their families. Clinical symptoms of HAE are not specific, which may cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. Additionally, if not appropriately treated, HAE attacks can be life-threatening. The international HAE guidelines published so far have focused mainly on adults. A guideline that refers to the age-specific characteristics of pediatric patients, both in terms of diagnosis and management, was therefore needed. The International Steering Committee and Taskforce developed recommendations and provided evidence-based grading based on expert opinion and strength of evidence. Recommendations were presented to, discussed, and electronically voted by healthcare professionals during the 14th C1 Inhibitor Deficiency and Angioedema Workshop in Budapest, Hungary, 2025. This international guideline will ensure early diagnosis, standardized and up-to-date treatment, and promote the availability of effective therapies for all pediatric patients affected with this rare disease. It also draws attention to the importance of establishing HAE centers and registries, which solicit specialist care and research of the disease.
50. Wetland Transformation and Waterfowl Decline: Linking Habitat Change to Northern Pintail Losses in Punjab.
期刊: Environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Vast number of migratory bird species rely on wetlands of Punjab Pakistan during tough wintering season. Most spectacular of these winter visitors are waterbirds including Northern pintail(Anas acuta). This study investigates the trends in Northern Pintail abundance and their correlation with wetland habitat conditions focusing on spatial and temporal shifts on longitudinal scale (2015-2025). We examine the complex interplay between rainfall variability, water quality and vegetation health to track habitat changes and their impact on Pintail populations. Northern Pintail populations were monitored through systematic boat-based and point-count surveys conducted across designated wetland sites. Long-term population trends were evaluated using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test, complemented by Sen’s slope estimators to quantify the direction and magnitude of temporal changes in abundance. To assess the influence of environmental variables on Pintail population dynamics, Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were employed. Availability of water, vegetation pattern(Measured by NDVI) and rainfall pattern in particular region were taken as predictor variables. Population census data collected on yearly basis revealed a sharp decrease of Northern Pintails, with net declines exceeding 99% at both Namal Lake (99.04%) and Uchali Lake (99.19%). Average reduction in Northern Pintail numbers remained 98.34% across all the wetlands under study. Analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) values identified the primary driver of this decline as extensive vegetation loss, which compromises the availability of food and shelter critical to the species’ survival. Results of current study highlights that the presence of water alone is insufficient to sustain viable waterbird populations; instead, the structural quality of vegetative habitat was acting as a limiting factor. The findings point to habitat degradation as a key contributor to the ongoing ecological crisis facing waterbirds in the region. Consequently, effective conservation strategies must go beyond hydrological interventions and focus on restoring and maintaining the ecological integrity of wetland habitats to reduce further biodiversity loss.
51. Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted multifunctional fluorescence probe for the determination of peroxynitrite, viscosity and alcohol content.
期刊: Mikrochimica acta 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
52. Assessing air pollution exposure in children at school: toward a source-specific exposure matrix.
期刊: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
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53. Children of the sulphur mines: the tragedy of the Carusi in 19th-century Sicily.
期刊: Archives of disease in childhood 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
54. Do high rheumatoid factor levels impact response to certolizumab pegol in patients with inadequately controlled rheumatoid arthritis? A post hoc analysis of the phase IIIb REALISTIC trial.
期刊: RMD open 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess the impact of rheumatoid factor (RF) levels and previous inadequate responses/intolerance to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IR) on the efficacy of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a post hoc analysis of the RA Evaluation in Subjects Receiving TNF Inhibitor CZP (REALISTIC) trial. In the phase IIIb REALISTIC trial, patients with RA were randomised to CZP (400 mg at weeks 0, 2 and 4, then 200 mg every 2 weeks) or placebo (PBO) for 12 weeks, followed by open-label CZP (minimum 16 weeks). Outcomes reported to week 36 include Disease Activity Score 28 C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores, rates of DAS28-CRP <2.6 and CDAI remission (CDAI ≤2.8) and components of each. Data were stratified by baseline RF level (≤3rd quarter (≤Q3; <180 kU/L) vs 4th quarter (Q4; ‘high RF’; ≥180 kU/L)) and prior TNFi use (TNFinaïve vs TNFi-IR). A total of 930 patients were included: 751 CZP-randomised and 179 PBO-randomised. At week 12, CZP-randomised patients experienced marked and similar improvements in disease activity, irrespective of RF level and prior TNFi use, while PBO-randomised patients did not. Responses generally improved through week 36 in CZP-treated patients (including PBO-randomised switchers), with similar efficacy across subgroups. Patients with high and low RF levels experienced similar clinical responses to CZP treatment, irrespective of previous inadequate responses or intolerance to TNFis. These findings expand previous observations, supporting CZP as an effective treatment for patients with RA who have high RF levels and prior inadequate responses to TNFis. NCT00717236.
55. Understanding female smoking in urban China: motivations, stigma and shifting social norms-a qualitative focus group study.
期刊: BMJ open 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although female smoking prevalence in China remains low, emerging evidence suggests that social acceptance may be increasing, with tobacco marketing increasingly targeting women. This study explored women’s smoking behaviours, motivations and societal perceptions toward this in urban China. Between May and October 2019, 28 semistructured focus groups were conducted in Beijing, Changsha and Shenzhen with 288 participants: 12 groups of female smokers, 6 of female former smokers, 6 of female never-smokers and 4 of men. Participants were recruited both online and offline, and smoking status was verified with a carbon monoxide monitor. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using dual coding. Four themes emerged. First, while stigma against female smoking persisted, social acceptance is growing, especially among younger generation. Second, three initiation stages were identified: adolescence, early career and post-retirement, often triggered by peer influence, occupational stress and life transitions. Third, many female smokers concealed their behaviour, reflecting tension between shifting descriptive norms and enduring injunctive norms, which may contribute to underreporting in surveillance data. Fourth, misconceptions about smoking harms and quitting were common, with most women who smoke relying on willpower and showing limited interest in cessation support; pregnancy was one of the few strong motivators for quitting. Findings suggest gradual normalisation of female smoking in urban China, driven by evolving gender roles and targeted marketing. Public health responses should prioritise gender-specific health education, strengthen promotion of cessation services and tighten restrictions on tobacco marketing towards women to prevent future increases in female smoking.
56. Socioeconomic inequalities of the hand infections pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis and septic arthritis and risk of opioid overuse following diagnosis: a registry-based nationwide retrospective cohort study in Sweden.
期刊: BMJ open 发表日期: 2026-Jan-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
To examine the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the incidence of serious hand infections-pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT) and septic arthritis (SA)-as well as risks of opioid overuse following diagnosis using nation-level data. In a registry-based nationwide retrospective cohort study, (1) associations between SEP and incidence of PFT/SA; (2) SEP and infection-type effects on opioid overuse in the general population and (3) SEP and clinical predictors of opioid overuse among individuals diagnosed with PFT/SA were examined. Using linked Swedish national registers (2010-2015), (1) a multinomial regression to assess SEP and infection risk (n=5 697 865); (2) logistic regression on opioid overuse (≥2 dispensations within 3 months) related to SEP and infection status and (3) a restricted analysis among diagnosed individuals (n=3701) to isolate clinical determinants of opioid overuse was conducted. Among the study population, 0.04% had PFT and 0.02% had SA. In the general population, 0.31% received two or more opioid prescriptions, compared with 4.5% of those with PFT and 6.8% of those with SA. Male sex, older age, being native, low occupational qualification, comorbidity and-specifically for SA-low income were associated with higher infection risk. Both infections independently predicted opioid overuse (adjusted OR for PFT: 13.23 (95% CI 10.92 to 16.02); adjusted OR for SA: 15.16 (11.99 to 19.17)). Additional predictors of overuse included low SEP, female sex, older age, native birth, living alone and comorbidity. Infected individuals with SA were more likely to overuse opioids than those with PFT, but SEP had limited predictive power within this subgroup. Despite universal healthcare, socioeconomic disparities exist in hand infection incidence and opioid prescribing. PFT and SA increase the risk of opioid overuse, but SE inequalities, except comorbidity, are less relevant among individuals. Targeted, equitable pain management strategies that reduce unnecessary opioid exposure while ensuring adequate care are needed.
57. The importance of deprescribing anticholinergics in Parkinson's disease care.
期刊: Parkinsonism & related disorders 发表日期: 2026-Jan-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
58. Acrylate Allergic Contact Dermatitis Among Manicure Consumers and Professionals.
期刊: Nursing for women’s health 发表日期: 2026-Jan-27 链接: PubMed
摘要
Acrylate allergic contact dermatitis is a growing concern, particularly among women exposed to nail cosmetics as consumers or professionals. Not all nail products carry equal risk. Repeated exposure to acrylates or improper curing can lead to symptoms resembling other forms of allergic contact dermatitis. Onycholysis is one common symptom that can be painful and slow to heal. Treatment of acrylate allergic contact dermatitis centers on acrylate avoidance and selection of alternative nail beautification methods. Nurses are positioned to educate and advocate for nail professionals, who are often marginalized and at heightened risk due to prolonged exposure and limited access to workplace protections. Nurses can also provide education on strict product avoidance, coach on nail care strategies, and provide emotional support.
59. Leveraging Monaural Exposures to Reveal Early Effects of Noise: Evidence from Police Radio Ear-Piece Use.
期刊: Trends in hearing 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Research into the long-term effects of noise on hearing is often confounded by health and lifestyle differences between individuals. UK police radio ear-pieces are capable of emitting high sound levels and, crucially, are worn in one ear, allowing between-ear comparisons which control for individual-level confounding factors. Low volume-control settings are recommended to reduce risk to police hearing, yet actual usage patterns and auditory effects remain unexamined. This study used a large-scale survey (N = 4,498) to assess ear-piece noise exposure and the associated hearing health. Most participants reported using high volume-control settings and 45.2% reported experiencing signs of temporary threshold shift (TTS) in the exposed ear. Estimated weekly-averaged noise exposures frequently exceeded the UK’s 85 dBA Upper Exposure Action Value. Ear-piece use was associated with 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46-106%) increased risk of persistent tinnitus, which on mediation analysis appeared to be driven by a subset of users who experienced signs of TTS. Importantly, tinnitus location was associated with the side of exposure, suggesting tinnitus related to device use rather than to other factors. In contrast, Digits-In-Noise thresholds showed no relation with noise exposure; potential explanations include compensatory auditory training effects, but limitations of Digits-In-Noise data must also be considered. Findings highlight a need for further investigation into hearing risks in police personnel, including in-person auditory testing. Risk mitigation strategies might involve improved device design, training on safe use, and expanded hearing health surveillance. Given the potential for cumulative auditory damage, TTS may serve as an early warning sign, warranting attention in broader noise-exposed populations.