公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-02-08)
共收录 63 篇研究文章
1. Implementation challenges for achieving universal health coverage through social health protection scheme: what can we learn from Bangladesh?
期刊: International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
In Bangladesh, households experience high out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure, with below-poverty-line population being disproportionately affected. To reduce financial hardship, the government piloted a social health protection scheme targeting poor households in selected sub-districts. This study examined the implementation barriers of the scheme. A mixed-methods design was applied. Quantitative data were collected through survey of enrolled households (n = 806). The qualitative component comprised KIIs (n = 10) with scheme implementers and healthcare providers, and FGDs (n = 5) with beneficiaries. Household survey indicated low service utilization (16.1%) among cardholders. Awareness of specific benefits was also limited, with only 19.1 percent aware of free diagnostics and 9.4 percent aware of free referrals. Qualitative findings confirmed these demand-side barriers, highlighting inadequate knowledge of beneficiaries, dissatisfaction with care quality, and negligence in service delivery. Key supply-side challenges included staff shortages, low provider motivation, and delays in claim settlement. The absence of outpatient coverage emerged as a common concern across stakeholders. At the ecosystem level, weak local-level coordination and rigid public financial rules further hindered implementation. Implementation challenges were largely systemic, reflecting misalignment between program design and operational realities. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure the success of future initiatives in Bangladesh and comparable settings.
2. Green Culture, Nurses' Climate Change Skepticism, and Eco-Capability in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.
期刊: International nursing review 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
To examine how green organizational culture and nurses’ climate change skepticism influence hospitals’ eco-capability, and whether climate skepticism moderates this relationship. Hospitals contribute significantly to environmental degradation, highlighting the importance of eco-capability in achieving sustainable healthcare. Nurses play a central role in implementing environmental practices; however, their engagement may be hindered by skeptical beliefs about climate change. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 564 nurses from five hospitals in Egypt. Validated Arabic versions of the Eco-Capability in Healthcare Scale, the Green Organizational Culture Scale, and the Climate Change Skepticism Questionnaire were used. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were applied to test study hypotheses. Green culture was positively associated with eco-capability, while climate change skepticism had a strong negative effect. Skepticism also moderated the culture-capability link. Eco-capability was highest among nurses with low skepticism and lowest among those with high skepticism. Participation in climate training and involvement in initiatives independently predicted higher eco-capability. The findings show that eco-capability depends on the alignment between organizational culture and nurses’ beliefs. A supportive green culture encourages sustainable practice, but its influence is reduced when nurses hold skeptical views about climate change. Educational exposure and participation in environmental activities appear to strengthen engagement and help counter belief-based barriers. Eco-capability can be enhanced when hospitals strengthen green culture and reduce climate skepticism among nurses. Integrating sustainability and climate content into nursing education and professional development can reduce skepticism and promote environmentally responsible practice. Policymakers should integrate eco-capability benchmarks into accreditation standards, link sustainability indicators to nurse performance appraisal, and allocate resources for participatory initiatives that actively engage nurses.
3. Cultural Competence in Nursing Care for Migrants: An Integrative Review.
期刊: International nursing review 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
To synthesize scientific evidence on the factors influencing the implementation of cultural competence by nurses in the care of migrant populations. Global migration has intensified cultural diversity in healthcare settings, highlighting the need for nurses to develop cultural competence to deliver safe and equitable care. However, evidence on factors influencing its implementation in nursing practice remains fragmented. An integrative literature review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science using the PICo framework identified peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2014 and 2024 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria, were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Checklist, and classified according to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt’s levels of evidence. All included studies were classified as Level VI evidence, with overall good methodological coherence. Facilitating factors for cultural competence included respect for cultural differences, exposure to multicultural contexts, and continuing education in cultural diversity. Persistent barriers were language difficulties, limited cultural knowledge, and a lack of structured training in cultural competence. The findings indicate that cultural competence is a dynamic and context-dependent process shaped by individual experiences, educational opportunities, and organizational support, consistent with established transcultural nursing frameworks. Effective implementation of cultural competence in nursing requires sustained education, experiential learning, and institutional commitment to address persistent barriers in migrant care. Identifying facilitators and barriers supports the development of strategies to enhance nurses’ cultural competence in diverse care settings. These findings inform institutional policies that promote culturally competent nursing care in multicultural health systems.
4. Selenium biofortification modulates the structure, digestion, and microbial fermentation characteristics of tea proteins.
期刊: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) 发表日期: 2026-Mar-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Selenium (Se) biofortification plays a vital role in addressing dietary selenium deficiencies and enhancing the nutritional value of plant-based foods. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of foliar selenium biofortification on the structural and digestive properties of tea proteins. Result showed that Se incorporation significantly altered the secondary structure of tea proteins, characterized by increased proportions of α-helix and β-sheet and a reduced β-turn content. Amino acid profiling showed that selenium-enriched tea proteins (Se-TPs) exhibited a higher total content of essential amino acids. In vitro fermentation analysis demonstrated that Se-TPs promoted the production of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, Se-TPs selectively enriched beneficial taxa such as Prevotella and Streptococcus salivarius, while significantly suppressing the intestinal pathogen Shigella. These findings provide novel insights into the structure-function-microbiota relationships of selenium-enriched tea proteins and highlight their potential as functional food ingredients for gut health promotion and selenium supplementation.
5. Bioactive polymethoxylated flavones from Clerodendranthus spicatus alleviate high-fat diet-induced lipid dysfunction and metabolic inflammation via targeting the PPARα/NF-κB pathway.
期刊: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) 发表日期: 2026-Mar-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
The high-fat diet (HFD) pattern is currently a major cause of chronic metabolic diseases worldwide, especially metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu (CST) is an edible-medicinal plant widely used for health promotion, however its bioactive constituents and mechanisms against HFD-induced metabolic disorders have not been convincingly demonstrated. In this study, the ethyl acetate fraction of CST extract (EAF_CST), rich in polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), showed better lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory activities than raw extract. Subsequent in vivo experiments confirmed that EAF_CST markedly alleviated HFD-induced obesity (body weight reduced by 17% in the high-dose group, p < 0.001 vs. HFD), insulin resistance, dyslipidemia (serum TG lowered by 40% in the high-dose group, p < 0.001 vs. HFD), hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats. Further integrative transcriptomic and network analysis revealed that tetramethylscutellarein, trimethylapigenin and eupatorin-5-methylether strongly interacted with lipid/inflammation-related hub targets and pathways (notably the PPAR signaling pathway), leading to their designation as the core bioactive constituents. Geographical commonality and efficacy validation further reinforced this designation. Mechanistically, these PMFs directly bound to PPARα, thereby enabling EAF_CST to promote fatty acid oxidation, and suppress NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response. Finally, the therapeutic effects of EAF_CST were further verified to depend on PPARα. This study establishes a clear constituent-target-pathway axis for CST’s metabolic benefits, and the first evidence that these benefits are mediated by the core PMFs targeting PPARα. These findings also provide a scientific basis for developing CST into functional foods/nutraceuticals for combating HFD-related disorders (e.g., MASH).
6. Global white matter microstructure changes induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine use disorder: a longitudinal correlational tractography study.
期刊: Brain imaging and behavior 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health problem with few treatment options. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown promise as a therapeutic tool for neural alterations in CUD. However, its effects on white matter (WM) microstructure and their role in treatment efficacy remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the global impact of rTMS on WM microstructure in CUD patients. In this study, we made a longitudinal correlational tractography analysis that was conducted using Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) on diffusion MRI data from CUD patients who received either active rTMS (n = 22) or sham rTMS (n = 18) treatment. Imaging data were collected before (T0) and after two weeks of treatment (T1). Correlations were derived using nonparametric Spearman partial correlation, accounting for gender, age, and age at substance initiation through multiple regression. Tracks were selected using a p-FDR threshold of 0.05. A significant QA increase was found in 9718 tracts across the whole brain in the active rTMS group compared to the sham group, with no observed reduction in QA. The affected WM tracts included cerebellar, commissural, associative, and projective fibers, mainly in the left hemisphere. The study suggests that rTMS induces widespread changes in WM microstructure, potentially improving communication between brain regions and cognitive control in CUD patients. However, the small sample size limits the findings’ generalizability, highlighting the need for larger, longitudinal studies.
7. Combined application of 5-ALA and nitric oxide improves lead detoxification and antioxidant defense in barley.
期刊: Biodegradation 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Two independent experiments were performed to investigate role of NO in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated resistance to lead toxicity in barley plants. Lead toxicity significantly resulted in reduction of plant growth, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, leaf water potential, and Ca2+ as well as K+ potassium levels. Concurrently, it resulted in elevated levels of leaf MDA, H2O2, EL, Pb, and NO in comparison to control group. Both ALA (50 µM and 100 µM; ALA1 and ALA2) treatments enhanced plant growth parameters and elevated leaf K+ and Ca2+ levels, while simultaneously decreasing leaf Pb, H2O2, and MDA concentrations in comparison to Pb-stressed plants. A second experiment was conducted to ascertain involvement of nitric oxide in mitigation of Pb stress in barley seedlings by ALA, utilizing nitric oxide scavenger C14H16N2O4.K (cPTIO) in conjunction with ALA treatments. ALA-induced tolerance to Pb stress was entirely negated by administration of cPTIO (C14H16N2O4.K), which significantly decreased concentrations of endogenous nitric oxide. The findings indicated that ALA improved resistance of barley seedlings to Pb toxicity via activating endogenous nitric oxide. This was corroborated by elevation of H2O2 and MDA levels, with a reduction in SOD, CAT, and POD activities. The application of cPTIO along with ALA, led to growth inhibition and a notable increase in leaf Pb concentrations. Both ALA and nitric oxide collaboratively enhanced Pb tolerance in barley.
8. The impact of Spirulina platensis supplementation on performance and immune response in laying hens.
期刊: Veterinary research communications 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of Spirulina platensis (SP) on laying performance, immune response, serum fatty acid profile of laying hens and SP’s in vitro antioxidant capacity. About 160 hens were assigned to four dietary treatments: control (0) and SP-supplemented diets (1.5, 3, and 4.5 g/kg diet). Supplementation with SP showed notable, significant positive effects on laying rate (92.9-94.5%), egg weight (62.2-67.1 g), egg mass, yolk color, shell quality traits, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (P < 0.05). SP supplementation also enhanced the humoral immune response, as shown by increased Newcastle disease antibody titers, particularly at 1.5 and 3 g/kg during the first 60 days. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of serum fatty acid profile revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in beneficial unsaturated fatty acids and a marked reduction in cholesterol levels in SP-fed hens. In vitro evaluations showed that SP extract had potent antioxidant activity with 2, 2-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity comparable to vitamins C and E, particularly at high concentrations (3 and 4.5 g/kg). These results highlight the promising potential of Spirulina platensis as a functional, natural feed additive to improve the laying performance, egg quality, immune response, yolk fat and provide potent antioxidant protection in poultry production systems.
9. Psychometric properties comparison of EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU9D in children and adolescents across different BMI classifications in Jiangsu, China.
期刊: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
10. Perceptual similarity and clustering in braille letter recognition.
期刊: Cognitive research: principles and implications 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Braille is a tactile writing system that enables individuals to read through the sense of touch. Although letter recognition research in the visual modality has informed reading instruction debates, the processes underlying braille letter recognition have received comparatively less attention which has led to little input from researchers toward educators. In this study, we first quantified the formal properties of braille dots using measures of cue validity and entropy-based informativeness, and we tested whether the 26 letters of the braille alphabet were linearly separable in the six-dimensional binary space defined by dot presence. We then examined letter discriminability in fluent Spanish braille readers using a same-different task that included all possible letter combinations. From participants’ accuracy and response time data, we constructed perceptual similarity matrices and applied hierarchical clustering to characterize the structure of braille letter similarity. The resulting clusters revealed a structured perceptual space that reflected both local dot features and global configurations. These results provide a characterization of the perceptual structure of the braille alphabet and show constraints on tactile letter recognition that extend beyond dot overlap, offering a benchmark to guide experimental control, instructional sequencing of letters, and computational models of tactile letter recognition.
11. Sex-related differences in healthcare utilization and costs among patients with pituitary adenomas.
期刊: Pituitary 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
To systematically summarize and evaluate the current evidence regarding sex-based differences in healthcare utilization (HCRU), direct costs, and indirect socioeconomic burden in patients with pituitary adenomas. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science identified studies reporting HCRU and/or cost data with sex-stratified analyses. Studies focusing on drug-specific cost-effectiveness, case reports, and scenario-based models were excluded. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including non-functioning pituitary adenoma, prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing’s disease (CD), and perioperative pituitary tumor cohorts from Europe and the United States. Findings were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity and the scarcity of sex-specific cost estimates. Total and surgical costs did not differ between men and women across most settings in Europe. Only one U.S. acromegaly cohort showed lower adjusted annual costs in women, and one Chinese perioperative patient cohort reported lower inpatient charges among women. In contrast, sex-based differences in HCRU were consistent and clinically relevant: women with acromegaly demonstrated longer diagnostic delays, more pre-diagnostic visits, higher specialist engagement, and more treatment modifications. Perioperatively, sex was not a predictor of length of stay or cost, but several cohorts reported higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, arginine-vasopressin deficiency, and late hyponatremia in women. The most pronounced disparity was observed in indirect socioeconomic burden, with women more frequently experiencing reduced work capacity, early retirement, psychosocial distress, and poorer quality-of-life in acromegaly and CD. Although sex-based differences in overall healthcare costs are limited, women face a disproportionately complex and burdensome care trajectory. Standardized, value-based care pathways may help mitigate these disparities, underscoring the need for prospective, sex-stratified studies.
12. Predicting the Apnea-Hypopnea index for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea with cardiovascular and cancer comorbidity using wearable sleep-tracking devices.
期刊: Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a highly prevelance sleep breathing disorder that imposes, significant public health and economic burdens through its untreated associated comorbidities. The gold standard for diagnosing OSA, polysomnography (PSG), retains several limitations because it is cumbersome to conduct in the sleep lab and requires labor-intensive efforts to annotate the measurement. Furthermore, current research focuses on the alternative of PSG on the general OSA population without specifically considering the OSA comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular and cancer diseases. There is a need for methods to monitor OSA using features derived from consumer sleep technologies (CSTs), considering comorbid conditions associated with OSA. In this paper, we identify the features that can be collected from CSTs to predict the patient’s Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) with the consideration of the comorbid chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. These sleep characteristics include the total recording time, the sleep period time, total sleep time, the onset of sleep, the efficiency of sleep, the wakefulness after the onset of sleep, the percentages of N1, N2, N3, REM sleep stages, the latency of REM from sleep onset and the latency of REM from lights off. Based on these features, we build stepwise regression, LASSO, and XGBoost models to evaluate the risk of a patient having OSA and classify individuals as normal versus OSA, achieving classification accuracies of 68.76%, 69.26%, and 70.4%, respectively. The proposed method has been validated based on the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Database. To test the generalization of the method, the model was validated on the IRB-approved Sanford Obstructive Sleep Apnea Cancer dataset. XGBoost demonstrated superior performance with the highest Recall (0.9136) and F1 Score (0.7647), while regression and Lasso excel in interpreting the features with the Precision (0.865). Such performance highlights their effectiveness in identifying OSA cases with comorbidity. Our proposed solutions introduce better interpretability of algorithms and improve the accuracy of OSA detection using CSTs while addressing the limitations of PSG.
13. In the end, it is the word that remains: communicating bad news in pediatric oncology.
期刊: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Breaking bad news (BBN) in pediatric oncology is emotionally complex and often poorly supported by training or guidelines. The OKRA-Compass, developed through participatory research, provides practical recommendations aiming to enhance BBN quality in German pediatric oncology settings. This paper aims to track insights into the everyday BBN routine. After 6 weeks implementing the OKRA-Compass in five pediatric oncology clinics, a focus group and written feedback captured user experiences. Using thematic analysis, researchers coded and analyzed data to assess perceived changes. The participatory approach included co-researchers, and findings were linked to the Compass’s Delphi-based theses for deeper insight. Applying the OKRA-Compass revealed four key outcomes: (1) Considering BBN as a complex process, (2) addressing the multi-layered needs of BBN receivers, (3) encouraging new paths for shared decision-making, and (4) cultivating awareness of the needs of healthcare professionals. Interdisciplinary use enhanced preparation, communication, and emotional safety while highlighting the need for structured training and institutional anchoring of BBN practices. The OKRA-Compass supports high-quality, individualized BBN by structuring communication, fostering emotional attunement, and promoting shared decision-making. It enhances interdisciplinary collaboration and self-reflection among healthcare providers. Findings highlight its practical relevance, though broader evaluation is needed. The tool offers a promising framework for improving communication culture in pediatric oncology. This process demands a readiness to adapt, allocate resources, and invest in enhancing team communication skills.
14. Age and sex affect the prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions in an academic setting.
期刊: Journal of periodontology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of the present study was to examine whether age and sex affected the prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions in patients attending an academic dental clinic. Electronic health record (EHR) data on the demographic characteristics and periodontal conditions of patients presented for a comprehensive periodontal evaluation were extracted from the institutional dental EHR database. Retrospective analysis of independent associations of age, sex, and other subject characteristics with periodontal conditions was determined using multinomial logistic regression. The null hypothesis stating that age and sex were not associated with the increased prevalence and/or severity of periodontal conditions was tested at a significance level α < 0.05. A total of 5027 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Clinical gingival health (CGH), gingivitis, and periodontitis were diagnosed in 4.2%, 5.2%, and 55.8% of patients, respectively. Severe periodontitis was diagnosed in 84.6% of the 4302 patients with periodontitis and was significantly associated with each year of age increase (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.15) and male sex (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.30, 3.15). The combined effect of a 15-year age increase and male sex was reflected in the increased odds of severe periodontitis (OR 12.63; 95% CI 9.57, 16.67). The combined effect of older age and male sex is shown by the increased odds of severe periodontitis (OR 12.63; 95% CI 9.57, 16.67). Similar associations were found between age, male sex, and total periodontitis, but not CGH and gingivitis. Increasing age and male sex significantly correlated with increased odds of total and severe periodontitis. Periodontitis, or inflammatory gum disease, affects many adults in the United States and worldwide. Various factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, increase the risk of periodontitis and the severity of its symptoms. To determine if periodontitis occurs more commonly and is more severe according to patient age and sex, the study used health records from almost 8,000 patients attending dental clinics at the University of Texas School of Dentistry (Houston, TX) from 2007 to 2020. The results demonstrated that adult patients who were older or males had periodontitis more often than those who were younger or female, respectively. Periodontitis was also more severe in older or male patients. These results show that older adults and males can be considered vulnerable individuals when it comes to diagnosing periodontitis. Therefore, dentists should pay more attention to these patients, and individualized treatment methods need to be considered for providing dental care to the gums of these patients.
15. Clinical predictors of overall survival in pediatric patients with intramedullary spinal tumors: an analysis of the SEER database.
期刊: Child’s nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Intramedullary tumors account for 35-40% of all intraspacial tumors in pediatric patients. The gold standard of care remains aggressive surgical resection as these tumors are slow progressing in nature. Despite the significant body of literature on this pathology, little has been assessed regarding survival, outcomes, and surgical resection for pediatric patients with intramedullary tumors. A retrospective analysis of 493 pediatric patients with intramedullary spinal tumors from the SEER database was performed. Patients were classified into three surgical groups: No Resection, Subtotal Resection (STR), and Gross Total Resection (GTR). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were utilized. Subgroup analyses were conducted for astrocytomas and ependymomas. Of 493 patients, 52 (10.5%) received no resection, 314 (63.7%) underwent STR, and 127 (25.8%) underwent GTR. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy use was highest in the STR group (p = < 0.001; p = 0.004, respectively). In the full cohort, neither STR nor GTR conferred a significant survival benefit. Chemotherapy (HR: 5.438; p < 0.001) and radiotherapy (HR: 3.538; p < 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. In the astrocytoma subgroup, extent of resection was not associated with survival benefit, and both chemotherapy (HR: 4.250; p = < 0.001) and radiotherapy (HR: 3.493; p = < 0.001) were associated with increased hazard. Conversely, in ependymoma patients, GTR significantly improved survival (HR: 0.050; p = 0.015), while radiotherapy did not (HR: 4.896; p = 0.011). GTR was found to be beneficial for ependymoma patients. In the full cohort analysis, STR nor GTR were of significant survival benefit. Further prospective studies are warranted to better understand the landscape for this specific patient population.
16. Early-life exposures, biological age acceleration, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Early-life exposures could affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We included 319,951 (54.5% women) UK Biobank participants free of T2D at baseline and within the first year of follow-up to investigate whether early-life exposures contribute to T2D through biological aging estimated using the Klemera-Doubal (KDM) and PhenoAge methods. We first examined associations of exposures with biological age and T2D, respectively, using multivariable-adjusted linear models and Cox regression models. Next, we investigated the role of biological age acceleration in exposure-T2D associations using mediation analyses. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) chronological age of participants was 56.3 (8.1) years, KDM age was 40.9 (13.1) years, and PhenoAge was 44.4 (10.0) years. 17,062 T2D cases developed during a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 14.3 (13.5-15.0) years. Maternal smoking around birth, being part of a multiple birth, earlier puberty, and being relatively plumper or thinner at age ten were associated with both a higher biological age and T2D risk, while having a higher birth weight and being breastfed were associated with a lower T2D risk. Biological age acceleration partly mediated the exposure-T2D associations, ranging from a proportion of 8.3% (95%CI: 6.0-13.1%) of the association between birthweight-T2D being mediated by PhenoAge to a proportion of 27.7% (95%CI: 15.3-48.5%) of the association between breastfeeding-T2D being mediated by KDM. In conclusion, early-life exposures were associated with biological age acceleration that partly mediated the exposure-T2D associations, highlighting the importance of addressing early-life risks and biological aging in prevention strategies.
17. Leveraging polygenic risk scores to infer causal directions in genotype-by-environment interactions between complex traits.
期刊: Human genetics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Most existing genotype-by-environment interaction (G×E) methods assume a known causal direction as an assumption that often does not hold and can lead to biased estimates and spurious findings. To address this, we introduce the Genetic Causality Inference Model (GCIM), a novel approach designed to infer causal directions in G×E studies. GCIM integrates polygenic risk scores (PRS) for both the exposure and the outcome to strengthen causal inference and reduce spurious interaction signals. We evaluated GCIM using simulated data across varying genetic and residual correlation settings and compared its performance to existing PRS-by-environment (PRS×E) models under both null and alternative G×E scenarios. GCIM was also applied to real-world UK Biobank data in both causal directions. GCIM consistently outperformed existing methods by accurately identifying the absence of G×E variance and avoiding false positives, even in the presence of strong phenotypic heteroscedasticity due to residual heterogeneity. Other methods often generated spurious associations, especially under reverse causality. Applying GCIM to UK Biobank data, we investigated 11 circulating biomarkers (including liver enzymes, lipids, and inflammatory markers) and three anthropometric traits (BMI, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). GCIM identified that bilirubin modulates genetic effects on BMI and WHR, while body fat modulates genetic effects on C-reactive protein, with associations remaining significant after multiple testing corrections. Overall, GCIM provides a more reliable framework for GxE analysis, particularly under challenging conditions such as residual heterogeneity and uncertain causal direction. However, further development is needed to improve its statistical power.
18. Race as a determinant of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States.
期刊: Clinical rheumatology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation of the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and entheses. Patients with axSpA often experience a long diagnostic delay, and if left untreated, axSpA can lead to a substantial disease burden and permanent disability. In the US, axSpA is more commonly reported in White individuals than non-White individuals because of its strong association with the HLA-B27 allele, which is more common in White populations and certain Native American tribes. Underrecognition of the disease in non-White patient groups may contribute to underreporting of prevalence, diagnostic delay, undertreatment, and unnecessary disease burden in these patient populations. The goal of this review is to increase awareness and educate healthcare professionals on axSpA in non-White patients by reviewing epidemiology, diagnostic delay, genetic aspects, disease presentation, and treatment disparities among non-White patient populations in the US to promote timely recognition and treatment of axSpA in these patients.
19. Epidemiology of hospitalization and surgical therapy in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A Nationwide discharge-based twenty year analysis.
期刊: International orthopaedics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults. Despite its clinical importance, nationwide data on long-term hospitalization and surgical management trends in Germany remain scarce. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the German Federal Statistical Office’s hospital discharge database covering all inpatient cases with the primary diagnosis of DCM (ICD-10-GM code M50.0) from 2005 to 2024. Annual case numbers, age and sex distributions, and surgical procedures were analyzed descriptively. Hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated using mid-year population data. Between 2005 and 2024, approximately 70,000 hospital discharges with a primary diagnosis of DCM were recorded in Germany. Annual hospitalizations increased from 2,477 cases in 2005 to a peak of 4,076 cases in 2015, followed by a decline to 3,037 cases in 2024. Corresponding hospitalization rates rose from 3.0 to 4.96 per 100,000 inhabitants before decreasing to 3.7 per 100,000 in 2024. Segmented Poisson regression demonstrated a significant increase until 2015 followed by a significant decline thereafter. Age-specific analyses demonstrated a stable predominance of middle-aged and older adults, with consistently highest hospitalization volumes in patients aged 50-70 years. After age standardization to the 2015 reference population, the temporal pattern remained largely unchanged, indicating that observed trends were not solely attributable to population ageing. Mean length of hospital stay decreased steadily over time. Anterior surgical approaches accounted for the majority of procedures throughout the study period, while the proportion of surgically treated cases per hospitalization increased over time. This nationwide, discharge-based analysis demonstrates substantial temporal changes in hospitalizations and surgical treatment patterns for DCM in Germany over the past two decades. Hospitalization volumes increased until approximately 2015 and declined thereafter, a pattern that persisted after age standardization. DCM predominantly affected patients aged 50-70 years throughout the study period, without a pronounced shift toward progressively older age groups. The increasing ratio of surgical procedures to hospitalizations suggests more selective inpatient admissions focusing on operative management. These findings provide a descriptive reference for long-term hospitalization and surgical trends in DCM.
20. Comparative efficacy of combination regimens based on interventional therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with intermediate- and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.
期刊: Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Combining interventional therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown potential benefits in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, comprehensive evidence on its efficacy and safety remains limited. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify eligible studies for single-arm and Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMA). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint, while overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs) were secondary outcomes (PROSPERO: CRD42024619661). This study included 45 studies (n = 4,738), evaluating 14 distinct regimens. In single-arm analysis, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus tislelizumab [TACE-TKI-Tisle] yielded a pooled median PFS of 11.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.02-15.37), an ORR of 72% (95% CI 63-80%), and a grade ≥ 3 AE rate of 24% (95% CI 15-34%). NMA showed that TACE-TKI-Tisle and TACE-TKI-Camrelizumab (Camre) achieved significantly longer PFS than TACE-TKI or TACE alone. TACE-TKI-Toripalimab (Tori) showed OS benefits over TACE-TKI-Camre (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.20-0.95) and TACE-TKI-Pembrolizumab (Pembro) (HR = 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.81). Cumulative ranking via surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that TACE-TKI-ICI achieved the highest efficacy ranking. TACE-TKI-Tisle and TACE-TKI-Tori ranked highest for PFS/ORR, with TACE-TKI-Tori ranking first for OS (SUCRA = 0.981). While TACE-TKI-ICI combinations were generally associated with more grade ≥ 3 AEs, TACE-TKI-Tisle ranked intermediately for safety (SUCRA = 0.426). TACE-TKI-ICI combinations show promising efficacy in HCC. TACE-TKI-Tisle offers balanced efficacy and safety, while TACE-TKI-Tori provides notable OS benefits, warranting further validation in prospective studies.
21. Piloting a Near-Peer Lay Counselor Based Problem Solving Therapy Intervention for Youth With and Without HIV in Botswana: An Adaptation of the Friendship Bench.
期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The adolescent mental health treatment gap is a significant public health challenge, especially in low-resource settings where services are often adult-oriented. The Safe Haven intervention, adapted from Zimbabwe’s Friendship Bench, addresses this gap by leveraging near-peer youth lay counselors trained in Problem-Solving Therapy. This study evaluates the feasibility and outcomes of Safe Haven across three sites in Botswana. Participants aged 12-25 years (N = 115) were recruited from clinical and community sites. Pre-intervention and post intervention assessments using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Shona Symptom Questionnaire measured depression, anxiety, and common mental disorder symptoms. Pre/post differences in scores were statistically tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Significant reductions were observed in all mental health outcomes. Over four to six sessions (4-16 weeks), median Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores decreased from 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 4-11) to 1 (IQR 0-3) (p < .001), with 78% showing improvement, and moderate depression symptoms reduced from 29% to 3%. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores decreased from 9 (IQR 7-12) to 2 (IQR 0-7), with 86% improving, and moderate or severe anxiety symptoms declined from 47% to 9%. Shona Symptom Questionnaire scores decreased from 10 (IQR 7-14) to 1 (IQR 0-4) (p < .001), with 93% improving. Safe Haven demonstrates potential in addressing Botswana’s youth mental health needs, including underserved groups such as younger adolescents and those living with HIV. Although limitations include the prepost design and small sample size, findings support further scaling and controlled evaluations to optimize impact across diverse settings and populations.
22. The value of EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS as a patient-reported outcome measure for patients with ankylosing spondylitis in routine healthcare: an evaluation of construct validity and responsiveness based on the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register.
期刊: Journal of patient-reported outcomes 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
23. Decoding cortical folding with deep learning: toward neurodevelopmental biomarkers of psychiatric disorders.
期刊: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Health care policy trial of primary human papillomavirus-based cervical screening in Denmark: Comparison of three triage algorithms.
期刊: International journal of cancer 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Women 30-59 years were allocated to either HPV-based screening or cytology-based screening in this Danish health care policy trial. The optimal triage of HPV-positive women could be a combination of cytology triage with HPV genotyping or p16/Ki67 staining. We report number of screen positives, colposcopies, and cervical lesions of three different triage algorithms (p16/Ki67, HPV16/18, or HPV16/18/31/33/52) in HPV-positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities. We included 178,317 women with a sample in 2021 of which 91,517 were screened with HPV and 86,800 with cytology. All women were followed for 18 months. Almost three times as many women screened positive with HPV-based screening compared to cytology-based screening (RR 2.99, 95% 2.93-3.05) and colposcopies derived from the screening program were also more common (RR 1.68, 95% 1.63-1.73). p16/Ki67 triage resulted in more colposcopies (RR 1.86, 95% 1.76-1.95) than HPV16/18 (RR 1.54, 95% 1.44-1.65) and HPV16/18/31/33/52 (RR 1.63, 95% 1.55-1.71). The excess in colposcopy referrals was reduced when non-screening-derived colposcopies were included (intention-to-treat). Nevertheless, more women with CIN2 or worse were detected in the HPV group than in the cytology group per screened woman; in the p16/Ki67 triage group (RR 1.65, 95% 1.54-1.77), in the HPV16/18 group (RR 1.36, 95% 1.23-1.50), and in the HPV16/18/31/33/52 group (RR 1.48, 95% 1.37-1.59). HPV-based screening, as compared with cytology screening, resulted in more screen positives, but all three triage algorithms substantially reduced the excess number of referrals to colposcopy. p16/Ki67 compared to triage with HPV16/18 may detect more cervical lesions.
25. Congenital malformations-related mortality trends in under-five U.S. children: A 24-year analysis from CDC-WONDER database (1999-2023).
期刊: Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundCongenital malformations remain a major cause of under-five mortality in the United States, yet contemporary long-term trends and demographic disparities have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study examined national patterns in congenital malformation-related mortality among U.S. children under 5 years from 1999 to 2023.MethodsMortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) Database, focusing on congenital malformations-related deaths among children aged under 5 years between 1999 and 2023 in the U.S. Cases were identified using ICD-10 codes from Q00 to Q89.9.ResultsThis comprehensive analysis included a total of 143,931 deaths, demonstrating significant trends and disparities. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) declined from 34.70 (95% CI: 33.86-35.54) in 1999 to 25.95 (95% CI: 25.21-26.68) in 2023, showing an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.21 (95% CI: -1.50 to -1.02). Mortality was higher in males than in females. Across all races, the least decline was noted among NH American Indian or Alaska Natives. Non-metropolitan areas exhibited higher overall AAMR (34.80 [95% CI: 34.33-35.27]) compared to metropolitan areas (29.02 [95% CI: 28.85-29.19]).ConclusionThe overall AAMR decreased from 1999 to 2023, with significantly higher deaths among males, rural regions and Alaskan Natives. These findings demonstrate an overall decline in mortality but persistent demographic and geographic inequities, highlighting the need for targeted public health and policy interventions to improve outcomes for vulnerable pediatric populations.
26. A new amyloid PET evaluation method using separated gray-matter histogram based on three-component model.
期刊: Annals of nuclear medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Highest oxygen consumption prediction by forced vital capacity in athletes.
期刊: European journal of applied physiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Static spirometry parameters may offer practical alternatives to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) in athletic populations. This study evaluated forced vital capacity (FVC) as a predictor of V̇O2max across different sports, developing prediction equations for field-based assessment. Four hundred twenty-two athletes (324 males, 98 females; age 22.9 ± 8.5 years) from cycling (n = 123), swimming (n = 68), triathlon (n = 60), multisport (n = 83), and other sports (n = 88) performed spirometry and maximal incremental testing. V̇O2max was directly measured using breath-by-breath gas analysis. LASSO regression identified predictors, with Bland-Altman analysis assessing agreement. FVC and gender emerged as significant predictors (R2 = 0.690, P < 0.001). The equation V̇O2max (L·min-1) = (FVC × 0.61) + (Gender × 0.86) yielded SEE = 0.65 L·min-1. Including additional variables (Maximum voluntary ventilation, body weight, age) marginally improved prediction (R2 = 0.712) but reduced practical utility. Coefficient of variation between measured and predicted values was 12.1%. Sport-specific analysis revealed highest predictive accuracy in swimmers (R2 = 0.893). FVC provides reasonable population-level V̇O2max estimates in athletes, though individual predictions require caution given substantial unexplained variance (31%). Sport-specific equations, particularly for swimming populations, enhance predictive accuracy. These findings offer practical screening tools for coaches lacking access to metabolic testing equipment, though direct measurement remains the gold standard for individual assessment.
28. Digital Group Intervention to Boost Resilience in Adolescents With Chronic Medical Conditions: Findings From the RESICO Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adolescents with chronic medical conditions (CMCs) face a high risk of mental health issues, with up to 30% developing comorbid disorders. Resilience promotion represents a promising preventive approach, yet effective interventions remain limited. Many programs struggle with low recruitment and high dropout rates, often due to time constraints and insufficient tailoring. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an engaging digital resilience group coaching program (RESICO) for adolescents with CMC. In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial, adolescents with CMC aged 11-17 years were assigned to either a five-session online group coaching or a waitlist. Sessions were accompanied by optional educational computer games. Preintervention, postintervention, and at two- and four-month follow-up, resilience (13-item Resilience Scale) and quality-of-life (KIDSCREEN) were measured. Participants further evaluated each session. One hundred sixteen adolescents participated in this study. RESICO showed high acceptance, with 88% attending ≥three sessions and 98% completing the postintervention assessment. No significant changes were observed for resilience and most quality-of-life subscales. Physical well-being improved at the four-month follow-up. High engagement was reflected in positive session feedback, with over 50% expressing a desire to continue coaching. High participation and acceptance rates among this traditionally hard-to-reach group underline the feasibility of delivering group-based coaching digitally to adolescents with CMC. Although changes in resilience were not observed, the findings highlight the potential of digital formats for accessible, engaging mental health support. Clinicians should consider brief, digital interventions as low-barrier additions to adolescent care. Future studies should refine content and examine effectiveness in broader settings, ideally with mobile-optimized delivery.
29. Farmers Market Use and Dietary Intake Among Snap Participants in Oklahoma.
期刊: American journal of health promotion : AJHP 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
PurposeDetermine how Farmers Market (FM) shopping is associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and food literacy scores, and to understand knowledge, barriers, and rationale for FM usage among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in Oklahoma.DesignCross-sectional study, online and in-person surveys.SettingSNAP-accepting FMs in Oklahoma.SampleSNAP participants in Oklahoma aged 18-64 years of age.MeasuresSurveys captured self-reported FV intake (cups/day), food literacy scores reflecting knowledge, skills, and confidence related to food, and perceived barriers and facilitators to FM shopping. Sociodemographic information was collected to characterize the sample.AnalysisDescriptive summaries presented with counts and frequencies. FV intake and food literacy scores summarized by means and standard deviations. FM awareness scores summarized with medians and IQR.ResultsFM shoppers had a significantly higher intake of FV (19.1 ± 4.2 vs 16.6 ± 4.2; P = 0.0006) and higher food literacy scores (27.7 ± 4.9 vs 25.0 ± 5.5; P = 0.0025) than non-shoppers. FM awareness did not differ between shoppers and non-shoppers. Most prevalent barrier to FM shopping was “I don’t know where any markets are” (31.6%) most prevalent facilitator was “fresher produce” (43.3%).ConclusionFM shopping was associated with increased FV intake. Differences in food literacy suggest improving literacy may increase FM shopping among SNAP participants. Study provides new understanding to tailor and positively impact future interventions.
30. Acknowledgment of Members of Health Promotion Practice's Review Panel.
期刊: Health promotion practice 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
31. Health improvement and inequality in local authority green infrastructure strategies in England: a policy review.
期刊: Journal of public health (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Green spaces are increasingly recognized as critical to public health. This study examines English local planning authorities’ green infrastructure strategies, evaluating how health improvement and inequality reduction goals are integrated. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on publicly accessible green infrastructure strategy documents. Of 305 potential authorities, 133 (44%) were included based on eligibility criteria. Only strategies published from 2012 onwards were included. Data were coded across themes: health policy and actors, health outcomes, demographics and inequalities, environmental change and health. A scoring system quantified consideration of health and inequality, with descriptive statistics summarizing thematic presence, frequency, regional variation, and temporal trends. The integration of health and inequality varied substantially. Most strategies referenced general health outcomes, but fewer detailed actions targeting health inequalities or specific demographic groups. Regional differences were observed, and methods for monitoring health impacts were limited. Local green infrastructure strategies in England increasingly recognize their health improvement potential, but inconsistent integration of health and inequality may limit impact. Stronger collaboration between planning and public health is needed to create equitable, accessible, health-promoting environments. Future research should explore longitudinal health impacts and identify best practices for integrating health equity in spatial planning.
32. DINO-LG: Enhancing vision transformers with label guidance for coronary artery calcium detection.
期刊: Medical & biological engineering & computing 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, necessitates effective risk assessment strategies, with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring via computed tomography (CT) being a key method for prevention. Traditional methods, primarily based on UNET architectures implemented on pre-built models, face challenges like the scarcity of annotated CT scans containing CAC and imbalanced datasets, leading to reduced performance in segmentation and scoring tasks. In this study, we address these limitations by introducing DINO-LG, a novel label-guided extension of DINO (self-distillation with no labels) that incorporates targeted augmentation on annotated calcified regions during self-supervised pre-training. Our three-stage pipeline integrates Vision Transformer (ViT-Base/8) feature extraction via DINO-LG trained on 914 CT scans comprising 700 gated and 214 non-gated acquisitions, linear classification to identify calcified slices, and U-NET segmentation for CAC quantification and Agatston scoring. DINO-LG achieved 89% sensitivity and 90% specificity for detecting CAC-containing CT slices, compared to standard DINO’s 79% sensitivity and 77% specificity, reducing false-negative and false-positive rates by 49% and 57% respectively. The integrated system achieves 90% accuracy in CAC risk classification on 45 test patients, outperforming standalone U-NET segmentation (76% accuracy) while processing only the relevant subset of CT slices. This targeted approach enhances CAC scoring accuracy by feeding the UNET model with relevant slices, improving diagnostic precision while lowering healthcare costs by minimizing unnecessary tests and treatments.
33. Generation of an infectious cDNA clone of BJ-Swzp-2022, a Group III Isolate of Getah Virus.
期刊: Virus genes 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Getah virus (GETV), a mosquito-borne arbovirus, possesses many susceptible hosts, including pigs, horses, cattle, and blue foxes. Currently, the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of GETV remain to be investigated. A GETV, isolated from a contaminated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) live vaccine, was designated as BJ-Swzp-2022. Subsequently, the complete genome of the GETV BJ-Swzp-2022 was sequenced to construct a full-length infectious cDNA clone using T7 RNA polymerase. Transfection of BSR T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase with this infectious clone resulted in the rescue of GETV, which exhibited replication and replication characteristics similar to those of the parental virus. Establishing this platform would facilitate understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of GETV and developing novel vaccines.
34. Multivalent fowl Adenovirus-Newcastle disease vaccine: comprehensive evaluation in SPF and commercial broiler breeders.
期刊: Veterinary research communications 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and Newcastle disease (ND) impose substantial economic burdens on global poultry production, with combined annual losses exceeding $3 billion worldwide. Current vaccination strategies requiring separate immunizations increase handling stress and operational costs. To evaluate immunogenicity, cross-neutralization patterns, protective efficacy against virulent challenge, maternal antibody transfer, and commercial field performance of a novel multivalent inactivated vaccine containing fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes 2, 8a, 8b, and 11 combined with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Two randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials were conducted: SPF trial (n = 200, Egypt) and commercial field trial (n = 120,000, Saudi Arabia). The multivalent vaccine contained inactivated FAdV serotypes 2, 8a, 8b, and 11 plus NDV strains, administered at 10 and 16 weeks of age with 24-week monitoring. Vaccination induced robust antibody responses with FAdV ELISA geometric mean titers (GMT) reaching 22,847 (95% CI: 18,245 - 28,589) at weeks 4-6 post-primary vaccination, with peak anamnestic response of 28,945 (95% CI: 23,186 - 36,115) at week 8 following booster (p < 0.001) and NDV hemagglutination inhibition titers of 9.8 log₂ (95% CI: 8.4-11.4) (p < 0.001). Challenge studies demonstrated 96.7% protection against FAdV-2 (species D) (29/30 vaccinated vs. 6/30 controls; Fisher’s exact p < 0.0001) and 100% protection against NDV (30/30 vs. 0/30). Maternal antibody transfer efficiency was 68.6% for IBH and 81.7% for NDV, with half-lives of 4.2 and 4.8 days respectively, providing 24-28 days and 21-24 days protection in progeny. Commercial field trial (120,000 birds) demonstrated 94.2% reduction in IBH mortality with 3.47:1 return on investment. The multivalent IBH-NDV vaccine provides comprehensive immunological protection and consistent field efficacy. Although the cross-neutralization assay included representative serotypes, broader testing across additional field isolates is warranted to further define cross-protective breadth. Cross-neutralization analysis confirms the necessity of multivalent formulations due to type-specific immunity patterns, supporting implementation for integrated disease control in commercial broiler operations. This study provides a detailed evaluation of a quadrivalent FAdV-NDV inactivated vaccine demonstrating efficient maternal antibody transfer in broiler breeders.
35. mTOR pathway mediates the endoplasmic reticulum stress -apoptosis of CD4+ T cell through inhibiting autophagy flux in sepsis.
期刊: Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society … [et al.] 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
CD4 + T cells are major reactive subpopulation for cellular and humoral immune responses following sepsis. The apoptosis of CD4 + T cells may contribute to sepsis-induced immunosuppression, and preventing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can ameliorate apoptosis of CD4 + T cells in sepsis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway performs an essential regulatory role on ERS-apoptosis of CD4 + T cells. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mTOR regulation of ERS-apoptosis of CD4 + T cells. In this study, based on the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), we firstly detected the percentage of ERS-apoptosis of CD4 + T cells with flow cytometry, Western blotting. Next, we observed the autophagy process and related makers with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting. Furthermore, we created CLP models with T cell-specific mTOR and TSC1 genetic knockout mice, and bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1), a selective inhibitor of autophagy to explore the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of mTOR on ERS-apoptosis of CD4 + T cells. With rapamycin, we proved the clinical potential of mTOR. Here we observed a considerably higher percentage of apoptotic CD4 + T cells in sepsis, and 4-PBA (an inhibitor of ERS) could alleviate not only ERS, but also the apoptosis of CD4 + T cells. As our previous work proved, deletion of mTOR decreased ERS-apoptosis of CD4 + T cells in sepsis. Furthermore, deficient autophagy, especially impaired autophagic flux was observed in sepsis. Mechanistically, we found knockdown of mTOR erased impaired autophagic flux, decreased ER stress-induced apoptosis, which could be reversed by Baf-A1. More importantly, rapamycin (inhibitor of mTOR) showed great clinical potential. we proved that mTOR deletion could alleviate CD4 + T cells ERS-apoptosis by rescuing autophagy involving autophagosome -lysosome fusion. For the first time, we demonstrate the mTOR-autophagy-ERS-apoptosis axis in sepsis, enriching the targets for future discovery of new sepsis therapies.
36. Superior extraconal orbital fat hyperintensityin pediatric population: a potential diagnostic pitfall.
期刊: Pediatric radiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children, radiologists frequently encounter incidental findings that may mimic pathology. One such underrecognized finding is T2-weighted hyperintensity in the superior extraconal orbital fat, which is occasionally mistaken for an infiltrative or neoplastic process. Our objective was to characterize the imaging appearance, prevalence, and clinical associations of superior extraconal orbital fat T2 hyperintensity in pediatric MRI. We conducted a retrospective study of 143 pediatric patients (mean age 7.2±5.1 years) who underwent brain MRI with an orbit-specific protocol between 2015 and 2022. Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of bilateral papilledema and whether imaging was performed under general anesthesia. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Three neuroradiologists reviewed images for the presence of a hyperintense signal along the superior extraconal orbital fat. Interobserver agreement was calculated using Fleiss’ kappa. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations with age, anesthesia, gender, and magnet strength. Symmetric T2-hyperintense bands along the superior extraconal orbital fat were observed in 45.5% of patients. The finding was more common in younger children (4.4±3.9 years vs. 9.6±4.8 years; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation with age (P<0.001) and a positive correlation with papilledema (P=0.012), but no independent association with gender, anesthesia, or magnet strength. The hyperintensity was non-enhancing or only subtly enhancing. Clinical follow-up demonstrated no subsequent orbital or infiltrative pathology in the majority of patients, and most patients without documented follow-up underwent ambulatory MRI for evaluation of strabismus, which showed no evidence of infiltrative or other orbital disease. Superior extraconal orbital fat T2 hyperintensity is a relatively common, likely non-pathologic MRI finding in pediatric patients, particularly in younger children, and the apparent association with anesthesia likely reflects age-related confounding. Awareness of this benign appearance may help avoid diagnostic confusion and prevent unnecessary workup or intervention.
37. Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Participants in PUNCH CD3-OLS.
期刊: Infectious diseases and therapy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL) is the first single-dose, microbiota-based product approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) following standard-of-care antibiotics. The phase 3 PUNCH CD3-OLS study enrolled participants with numerous comorbidities and permitted inclusion of participants hospitalized due to rCDI. The safety and efficacy of RBL were evaluated in this subgroup analysis of hospitalized participants from PUNCH CD3-OLS. The hospitalization subgroup included participants hospitalized for rCDI within 90 days prior to RBL administration. Participants received a single dose of RBL 24-72 h after completion of standard-of-care antibiotic treatment for rCDI. These exploratory analyses evaluated the number of participants with RBL- or administration-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), treatment success at 8 weeks, sustained clinical response at 6 months, and incidence of rehospitalization for rCDI during study participation. The hospitalization subgroup included 74 of 697 (10.6%) participants. Within 6 months following RBL administration, 47 (63.5%) and 350 (56.7%) participants in the hospitalization and nonhospitalization subgroups experienced TEAEs, respectively; most TEAEs were of mild to moderate severity. Serious TEAEs in the hospitalization subgroup were frequently related to preexisting conditions; none were related to RBL or its administration. Most participants (87.8% [65/74]) in the hospitalization subgroup were not rehospitalized within 6 months. Treatment success at 8 weeks was 62.5% (45/72) and 75.1% (449/598) among participants in the hospitalization and nonhospitalization subgroups, respectively. Of those achieving treatment success, 86.7% (39/45) and 91.3% (410/449) had sustained clinical response through 6 months in the hospitalization and nonhospitalization subgroups, respectively. RBL was safe and effective in a subgroup of hospitalized participants in the PUNCH CD3-OLS study. Efficacy in this subgroup was slightly lower than in nonhospitalized participants, but rCDI-related rehospitalization remained rare. NCT03931941.
38. Gastrointestinal adverse events among methotrexate users in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
期刊: Clinical rheumatology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Methotrexate (MTX) remains the first-line pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) are frequently reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of GI AEs among RA patients treated with MTX. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted, including observational and interventional studies reporting GI AEs in adult RA patients receiving MTX. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, JBI Critical Appraisal Tool, and Cochrane RoB 2 as appropriate. Pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty-seven studies involving 19,986 participants were included. Nausea and abdominal pain were the most frequently reported AEs, with pooled prevalence of 24.3% (95% CI: 16.7-34.0) and 19.6% (95% CI: 13.9-26.9), respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies and persisted after stratification by MTX route or study design. Nine studies reported discontinuation due to GI AEs, with rates ranging from 1.7% to 23.4% and a pooled prevalence of 8.5% (95% CI: 5.0-14.3). Gastrointestinal AEs affect approximately one-fifth of RA patients receiving MTX, with nausea and abdominal pain being the most common symptoms. GI events leading to treatment discontinuation were relatively uncommon. Clinician awareness and timely management of GI AEs are important to prevent nonadherence and optimize MTX therapy.
39. Decision-making for parental presence in pediatric resuscitation: A qualitative study of parents' and resuscitation team members' experiences and perceptions.
期刊: Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parental presence during pediatric resuscitation presents a complex challenge, often provoking mixed reactions from healthcare providers and families. This qualitative study explored how decisions about parental presence emerge from the experiences and perceptions of resuscitation teams and parents. An exploratory descriptive design was used across three pediatric hospitals. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 33 resuscitation team members and 20 parents who witnessed their child’s resuscitation. Thematic analysis identified patterns for participant accounts. Participants shared their experiences and perceptions regarding decision-making about parental presence during pediatric resuscitation. Two main themes emerged: (1) Double-edged sword of parental presence (reluctance to allow parental presence; permission for parental presence) and (2) emotional weight of parents’ decision to be present (decision to be present; indecision regarding presence). Findings highlight that parental presence involves balancing team readiness, environmental factors, and parental emotional state. Institutional policies should support offering presence as an option, reinforced by staff training and structured pre-briefing and debriefing to promote shared decision-making and strengthen family-centered care.
40. Indoor Air Chemistry and the Indoor-Outdoor Interface.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
41. Different Cadmium Bioavailability from Wheat and Rice Dictates Toxicity via Distinct Intestinal Pathways in Mice.
期刊: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice and wheat cause significant harm to public health. However, mechanistic differences in Cd bioavailability and toxicity between the staple foods through intestinal transport and gut microbiota remain insufficient. In this study, Cd-containing whole wheat and polished rice were fed to mice, showing over 2-fold lower Cd accumulation in the liver and kidneys of wheat-fed mice compared to rice-fed mice. One contributor was higher iron, calcium, and zinc contents in wheat than in rice, leading to a lower expression of iron, calcium, and zinc transporters in the duodenum of wheat-fed mice. Additionally, fiber-rich wheat caused higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, strengthening intestinal integrity and tight junction expression, promoting fecal Cd excretion, and upregulating bile acid metabolism in the gut. The transporter downregulation and gut health improvements collectively contributed to lower wheat-Cd bioavailability. Findings indicate that Cd-containing wheat may pose remarkably lower health risk to humans compared to rice.
42. Tracking PFAS across Environmental Media Surrounding Fluorochemical Industrial Park: Insights from Nontarget Analysis and Risk Assessment.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The occurrence and accumulation of novel perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as a scientific concern in recent years. While numerous studies have identified elevated concentrations of certain emerging PFAS, the sources and environmental accumulation differences of many homologues remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we employed suspect and nontarget screening to characterize both legacy and emerging PFAS across environmental matrices, including water, sediment, and soil, surrounding an industrial park with predominant perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) contamination. A total of 32 classes comprising 112 compounds were identified, including 80 emerging PFAS detected through the screening approach. In addition to PFCAs, emerging PFAS, including perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), perfluoroalkyl alcohols (PFAs), and PFA derivatives, were frequently detected in the study area, primarily in water and sediment samples. In contrast, the contamination profile was less complicated in soil samples, where PFCAs were the predominant homologues. The median total concentrations of target PFAS in water, sediment, and soil samples were 427 ng/L, 4.17 ng/g of dw, and 3.92 ng/g of dw, respectively. Predicted risk assessment further indicated that these emerging PFAS with high concentrations pose non-negligible risks to both ecological and human health, underscoring the need for further investigation into their potential impacts.
43. What's Next?
期刊: Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
44. Macrophages as tissue scavengers, builders and sensors.
期刊: Function (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The cellular biology of macrophages underpins the multitude of roles that these cells undertake under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Macrophages populate all tissues where they contribute to organ physiology while acting as sensors of health and triggering inflammation in response to organ dysfunction, trauma and infection. Sharing key characteristics such as a highly developed endocytic compartment, secretion of growth factors and cytokines, motility and antigen presentation, macrophages undergo specific adaptations in each niche guided by environmental clues that result in diverse phenotypes that support tissue-specific roles such as iron recycling, synaptic pruning, bone reabsorption and processing of lung surfactant.This review will provide an overview of macrophage biology and heterogeneity that underpin their contribution to homeostasis and inflammation to illustrate their importance as therapeutic targets in a wide range of inflammatory diseases.
45. Differential Effects of Lateralization-Task and Training on Low-Frequency EEG Oscillations in Upper- and Lower-Limb Amputees.
期刊: Psychological reports 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Amputation may disrupt body schema through impairments in attentional mechanisms within the central nervous system. This study examined behavioral performance and low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity in individuals with upper-limb amputations (ULA), lower-limb amputations (LLA), and healthy controls (HC). Participants included six ULA (5 Male, 1 Female), nine LLA (7 Male, 2 Female), and eleven HC (8 Male, 3 Female). During electroencephalography (EEG) recording, participants performed a hand laterality task with stimuli varying in laterality (right vs. left) and angular orientation (0° vs. 180°). EEG was recorded before and after lateralization training. Accuracy was higher for stimuli presented at 0° than at 180° (p < .05), and overall accuracy significantly improved following training (p < .001). ULA exhibited slower reaction times than LLA (p < .05). EEG results showed a greater increase in delta (1.5-3 Hz) power in ULA compared with HC (p < .05). Right-hand stimuli and those presented at 0° modulated delta phase responses (p < .05). Increased theta (4-7 Hz) power and phase responses after training suggest enhanced oscillatory entrainment through attentional engagement (p < .05). Overall, behavioral and electrophysiological findings provide insight into bodily attention mechanisms in amputees and have implications for neurorehabilitation. Future studies with larger and more homogeneous samples are needed to improve generalizability and clarify underlying mechanisms.
46. Multiomics analysis identifies the prognostic significance and biological roles of the HNRNP family in lung adenocarcinoma.
期刊: Discover oncology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNP) family plays pivotal roles in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism. Recent studies suggest that HNRNP dysregulation can promote tumor development. Therefore, this study aims to systematically characterize the expression profiles, immunological associations, and prognostic significance of HNRNP family members in LUAD. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted using TCGA, GTEx, GEO, and CPTAC LUAD cohorts. Differential expression, immune infiltration, and survival analyses were performed using bioinformatics approaches including ssGSEA, TIDE, and Cox regression modeling. Functional enrichment and alternative splicing profiling were further applied to explore potential mechanisms, with a focus on HNRNPC. Multiple HNRNP genes were significantly overexpressed in LUAD tissues across datasets. Their expression levels positively correlated with tumor stage, metastasis, recurrence, and TP53 mutation status. High expression of several HNRNPs was associated with poor overall survival, with HNRNPC identified as an independent prognostic indicator in both TCGA and GEO cohorts. Elevated HNRNP expression was linked to reduced immune cell infiltration and lower stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores, alongside increased TIDE and Exclusion scores, suggesting immunosuppressive roles in the tumor microenvironment. Functionally, HNRNPC was associated with the activation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. Alternative splicing analysis revealed that HNRNPC predominantly regulates exon skipping events, with enriched downstream pathways involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. This study highlights the critical roles of HNRNP family members in LUAD, identifying HNRNPC as a key prognostic biomarker and potential intervention candidate to improve patient outcomes.
47. Commentary on Notification and Recordkeeping of Occupational Mesothelioma in India.
期刊: American journal of industrial medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
In India, some occupational diseases are notifiable under the Mines Act, 1952, and the Factories Act, 1948. Mesothelioma, primarily attributable to asbestos exposure, has been listed specifically as one of the notifiable diseases under the Mines Act, 1952, and is notifiable under the category of occupational cancer in the Factories Act, 1948. The total number of cases of mesothelioma notified to the Directorate General of Mines Safety under the mining safety law was zero from 2004 to 2024. Similarly, under the factory safety law, only one case of occupational cancer was notified in one state, in a country of 28 states and 8 union territories (mesothelioma being listed under occupational cancer and not a separate entry under the factories law). This is in sharp contrast to the medical literature, where a large number of cases have been published by researchers and doctors from Indian hospitals. The absence of notified disease may not automatically mean the absence of disease. Further, a parallel National Cancer Registry Program, which is not only for occupational cancers, but which may overlap with occupational cases, covers only 16% of the country’s population. With clear lack of notification of cases and underreporting of occupational mesothelioma, and cancer not being declared as universally notifiable at the national level, disease surveillance in India may need to be invigorated so that easily preventable disease is reduced, load on the already strained healthcare infrastructure is decreased, and overall national medical costs are reduced in the future.
48. Mechanisms of Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities-2.0 Effects on Weight: A Mediation Analysis.
期刊: Journal of nutrition education and behavior 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate potential mediators of weight loss in the Strong Hearts, Health Communities-2.0 (SHHC-2.0) trial. Community-randomized trial (intervention vs delayed intervention). Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and postintervention. Eleven rural, medically-underserved communities PARTICIPANTS: Women (n = 182), mean age 57.2 years, 97.6% White, non-Hispanic. Classes delivered 2 times/wk for 24 weeks, targeting diet and physical activity behaviors. Dependent variable: weight; mediators: diet and physical activity behaviors, and related psychosocial factors. Mixed linear regressions evaluated the effect of mediators on weight loss. Significant mediators included dietary behaviors (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Short; 31.8%; P = 0.03), healthy eating attitudes (23.0%; P = 0.03), and dietary cognitive restraint (29.8%; P = 0.01). Physical activity did not mediate weight loss; however, a worsening in attitudes toward exercise was a mediator of weight loss (22.6%; P = 0.01). Social support for diet and physical activity was unchanged in the intervention group and did not mediate weight loss effects. Healthy eating attitudes and dietary cognitive restraint represent important targets for future behavioral interventions for weight loss. Hypothesized mediators found to be nonsignificant (i.e., social support) represent opportunities for future intervention optimization.
49. Overestimation of multiple myeloma survival from cancer registry data.
期刊: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) multiple myeloma (MM) survival statistics (https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html) that have been used to guide MM management and control have been systematically overestimated due to the inclusion of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), a premalignant condition of MM. Using the latest SEER release, we estimated the extent of such overestimation in the survival statistics. In 2016, 77.9% out of 5,495 patients reported as overall MM were symptomatic MM and 10.9% were SMM. Median survival was 65.8 months for overall MM versus 56.8 months for symptomatic MM (p < .001). Inclusion of SMM overestimated MM survival by 9 months. Five-year relative survival estimates from 2015-2021 were 61.6% for overall MM, 57.9% for symptomatic MM, and 88.3% for SMM, versus SEER’s reported 62.4%. Survival statistics for symptomatic MM and SMM should be reported separately to guide MM management and prevention at the population level.
50. Prediction of skeletal maturity using machine learning based on multiple biological indicators.
期刊: American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Accurate assessment of skeletal maturity is essential for orthodontic treatment planning and growth modulation. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive machine learning (ML) model to predict skeletal maturation stages using cervical vertebral morphology, dental maturation stage (DMS), gender, and age. A total of 860 patients with lateral cephalograms, panoramic, and hand-wrist radiographs were included. A baseline model using 6 cervical morphologic parameters was compared with enhanced models incorporating DMS, gender, and age. Six ML algorithms were evaluated, with CatBoost showing the highest performance. Feature importance was analyzed using 2 methods, and the final model was assessed using a confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration curves. Incorporating DMS, gender, and age significantly improved predictive performance. The CatBoost model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.924, an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.806, and an F1-score of 0.752. Feature importance analysis confirmed the strong predictive contribution of DMS, especially the mandibular second molar. The final model demonstrated high accuracy, strong discrimination, and good calibration across all skeletal maturity stages. This study presents a novel and clinically practical ML model for skeletal maturity prediction, integrating routinely acquired orthodontic records. The results demonstrate that combining DMS with cervical morphology, age, and gender enhances prediction accuracy, offering a reliable alternative to traditional hand-wrist assessments.
51. Fatal Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade During Selumetinib Treatment for Pericardial Neurofibroma.
期刊: The Journal of dermatology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
52. Effectiveness of Cognitive Interventions for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living Alone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Clinical gerontologist 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in enhancing the cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults living alone. Five databases were systematically searched for articles published until December 2024. The search identified three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-RCTs, including case - control studies and quasi-experimental studies, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 78. After risk of bias was assessed, data were synthesized using a random-effects model. Interventions such as robotic assistance, reminiscence therapy, animal-assisted therapy, creative therapies, and multicomponent programs significantly improved cognitive function (mean difference [MD] = 2.85 in MMSE), reduced depression (standardized MD = -0.85), and mitigated loneliness (MD = -10.13 in UCLA-LS). High heterogeneity was observed, attributable to diverse protocols, participant characteristics, and study designs. Attrition and confounding biases were also identified. Cognitive interventions can improve cognitive and psychosocial outcomes in community-dwelling older adults living alone. However, further research is required to confirm these findings. Socially interactive cognitive interventions are a promising strategy for improving the cognitive and mental health of community-dwelling older adults living alone. Clinicians should implement these accessible interventions to improve the population’s quality of life and support their independent living.
53. The association between the glucose-lipid metabolism index and the cardiovascular disease prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes participants: evidence from NHANES 2001-2018.
期刊: BMC endocrine disorders 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
54. Neurofilament Light Chain in Fibromyalgia: Correlation With Central and Peripheral Nervous System Dysfunction.
期刊: European journal of pain (London, England) 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome in which central sensitization has been suggested. Several patients also present with small fibre pathology. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker of axonal injury, but its role in FM remains unclear. We evaluated serum NfL in FM patients and tested possible correlations between NfL levels, clinical features, dysfunction at the central level assessed with a cognitive battery, and small fibre pathology assessed with skin biopsy. We conducted an observational case-control study including 70 FM patients and 55 healthy controls. Serum NfL was measured using the LUMIPULSE G600II platform. Clinical assessment included pain (WPI), disability (FIQ), sleep (MOS Sleep Scale), and neuropsychological testing (MoCA and an executive function battery). Forty patients underwent skin biopsy with intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) quantification. Group comparisons were performed with non-parametric tests and correlations using Spearman coefficients. FM patients showed higher NfL levels compared to controls, independent of age. In both groups, NfL correlated positively with age (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.005). Among FM patients, NfL values did not differ between those with normal skin biopsy and those with proximal or combined proximal-distal denervation, and NfL did not correlate with IENFD. NfL was unrelated to disease duration, pain scores, sleep duration, or cognitive performance. The only clinical correlation observed was an association with disability (FIQ; ρ = 0.29, p = 0.02). Serum NfL is elevated in FM but not linked to small fibre pathology or cognitive impairment. Instead, it may reflect neuronal changes related to disease burden. These findings support the concept of FM as a neurogenic disorder and suggest serum NfL as a potential biomarker of neuronal stress in chronic pain, although it is not specific for peripheral nerve damage or cognitive dysfunction.
55. Hospitalisations and Costs of Chronic Health Conditions Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers in Queensland, Australia.
期刊: Psycho-oncology 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adult cancer survivors are likely to be hospitalised with chronic illnesses, although evidence for childhood and AYA survivors is limited. This study quantified hospitalisations and the costs of health services used by survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancers with and without chronic conditions. We assessed long-term survivors (≥ 5 years past diagnosis) of childhood and AYA cancers diagnosed at ages 0-39 years between 1997 and 2011 in Queensland, Australia. Utilising a linked administrative dataset, we determined the prevalence of chronic conditions from hospital records using classification codes (ICD-10-AM) and quantified hospitalisations and associated costs in 2024 Australian dollars (AU$). Generalised linear regression modelling was used to examine how chronic conditions affected healthcare costs, controlling for clinical and socio-demographic factors. Of 14,422 participants, 16% (n = 2286) were hospitalised with at least one chronic disease, with hypertension (n = 675, 4.7%) and depression (n = 463, 3.2%) being the most common. Inpatient admissions were significantly higher for survivors with chronic conditions (mean 3, SD = 10) compared to those without chronic conditions (mean 1, SD = 4). The mean annual costs were highest for those with chronic kidney disease (AU$26,428, SD = AU$30,331), schizophrenia (AU$22,835, SD = AU$37,204), epilepsy (AU$22,361, SD = AU$37,224), paralysis (AU$22,051, SD = AU$32,165) and chronic heart failure (AU$21,912 SD = AU$38,763). Hypertension (AU$5.4 million) and depression (AU$4.3 million) incurred the highest total costs over the follow-up period. Implementing targeted survivorship care and preventative measures for high-cost conditions such as schizophrenia and chronic kidney disease may optimise healthcare resource use and reduce the economic burden for this population.
56. Developing a structured framework to explore the experiences of people with dementia and their caregivers regarding non-pharmacological sleep interventions.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
This paper presents the development of a framework to assess the use and experiences of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) supporting sleep, including technological and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) measures. Sleep disturbances are common in people with dementia (PwD) and increase caregiver burden. Pharmacological treatments pose risks, highlighting the need for effective NPIs. The framework was designed through literature review and expert consensus, and piloted over three weeks with two community-dwelling PwD and one caregiver. Findings were analyzed to improve the framework on explanation of NPIs, questionnaires, and sleep monitoring. The framework integrates methods to assess user experiences and to monitor sleep and IEQ parameters, due to their impact on sleep. The final framework, DESMEE-CAP, has demonstrated validity and utility in capturing experiences without disrupting routines. While promising, the small sample size limits generalizability. Development of a framework, in co-creation, that supports research on the use of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for sleep support for community-living people with dementia and their caregivers. Attention to sleep quality and appropriate support is needed, and insights are provided through the use of the developed framework. Contribution to the development of appropriate, non-pharmacological support for sleep of people with dementia and their caregivers at home.
57. Integrating Measures of Pollutant Exposure in Human Biology Research.
期刊: American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
This toolkit paper describes the value of including pollutant measurements in human biology research and describes considerations to implement such research. Human biologists study populations that are exposed to a variety of pollutants including metals and organic compounds used in agriculture and pest control. These pollutants can affect biological outcomes investigated by human biologists. Considering the impact of one or more of these pollutants in our investigations involves careful attention to properties of each pollutant and how the body metabolizes and stores them. Assessing exposure to many metals and organic compounds is best done by bio-sampling, usually of blood, but other media include hair, fingernails, and urine. Appropriate sampling media differ by pollutant but many found in the bloodstream may be collected together though not necessarily stored in the same way and not analyzed in the laboratory by the same method. A team approach is recommended as specialized knowledge of the proper sampling, handling, and analysis of each toxicant is needed. Choosing a laboratory should consider at a minimum the range of congeners measured, the minimum detection level, and the turnaround time for results required for the analysis. Study participants are likely to be interested in their toxicant exposure. The distribution of results should include careful description and interpretation to allow non-scientists to understand and take action if needed. Litigation by study participants against polluters is possible making it necessary to scrupulously preserve records of collection and analysis for possible court subpoena.
58. WABAD: A world annotated bird acoustic dataset for passive acoustic monitoring.
期刊: Ecology 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Under the current global biodiversity crisis, there is a need for automated and noninvasive monitoring techniques that can gather large amounts of data cost-effectively at various ecological scales, from local to large spatial scales. These data can then be analyzed to inform stakeholders and decision-makers. One such technique is passive acoustic monitoring, which is commonly coupled with automatic identification of animal species based on their sound. Automated sound analyses usually require the training of sound detection and identification algorithms. These algorithms are based on annotated acoustic datasets which mark the occurrence of sounds of species inside sound recordings. However, compiling large annotated acoustic datasets is time-consuming and requires experts, and therefore, they normally cover reduced spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales. This data paper presents WABAD, the World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset for passive acoustic monitoring. WABAD is designed to provide the public, the research community, and conservation managers with a novel and globally representative annotated acoustic dataset. This database includes 5047 min of audio files annotated to species-level by local experts with the start and end time and the upper and lower frequencies of each identified bird vocalization in the recordings. The database has a wide taxonomic and spatial coverage, including information on 91,931 vocalizations from 1192 bird species recorded at 72 recording sites in 29 recording locations (mainly countries) and distributed across 13 biomes. WABAD can be used, for example, for developing and/or validating automatic species detection algorithms, answering ecological questions, such as assessing geographical variations on bird vocalizations, or comparing acoustic diversity indices with species-based diversity indices. The dataset is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license that permits redistribution and reuse on the condition that the original work is properly credited.
59. Falls predict faster progression to Alzheimer's dementia.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
In preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid accumulates in the brain while individuals remain cognitively unimpaired (Clinical Dementia Rating® [CDR] = 0). Differentiating trajectories of healthy aging and preclinical AD is challenging as both are associated with age-related impairments (e.g., falls). Longitudinal cohort study. We monitored falls for 1 year among 125 CDR 0 older adults and assessed preclinical AD status (amyloid). We continued to evaluate CDR annually (median 10 years). The cohort was grouped: Preclinical AD-Fall-, Preclinical AD-Fall+, Preclinical AD+Fall-, and Preclinical AD+Fall+. Survival analysis examined time to progression to CDR 1 (mild dementia) by group. Participants were 74 years (mean) at baseline, 62% female, 96% White. Preclinical AD+Fall+ progressed to CDR 1 most rapidly. Preclinical AD-Fall- progressed least quickly. Preclinical AD+Fall- and Preclinical AD-Fall+ had similar progression rates. Falls may associate with faster progression of AD dementia, potentially reflecting motor and gait dysfunction intrinsic to disease progression.
60. Kidney cancer and occupational agricultural exposures in the AGRIculture and CANcer cohort.
期刊: International journal of epidemiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-02 链接: PubMed
摘要
The relationship between kidney cancer and occupational exposures, especially agricultural, has been understudied. This study aimed to assess the risk of kidney cancer with a wide range of agricultural activities and tasks. Participants from the French AGRIculture and CANcer cohort (≈180 000) were included. Incident kidney cancers (n = 654) were identified through cancer registries from 2005-2007 until 31 December 2017. Occupational exposures and potential confounders were identified by using enrollment questionnaires covering 5 livestock types, 13 crops, and related tasks. Cox models with age as the timescale were applied separately for men and women, using non-exposed farmers as the reference to account for genetic and agricultural exposure differences, along with exposure-response and sensitivity analyses. In men, positive associations were found between kidney cancer risk and working with rapeseed [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.26 (0.95-1.68)] and sunflowers [HR = 1.23 (0.89-1.68)], and tasks related to other crops such as corn, wheat/barley, beet, and tobacco. In women, an increased risk was noted for winegrowers [HR = 1.56 (1.12-2.18)]. Pesticide use (on fields and/or seeds) was associated, for both sexes, with these crops, showing exposure-response relationships with crop area and work duration. Conversely, some inverse associations were observed for livestock breeding, notably cattle in men and poultry in women. We reported positive associations between kidney cancer risk and specific field crops, tobacco, and vineyards, with gender differences in pesticide-related tasks. Further studies are needed to understand these differences and identify substances linked to kidney cancer.
61. Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants in a hepatitis C treatment trial in rural Kentucky: How policies around treatment access may impact elimination efforts in the United States.
期刊: The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 发表日期: 2026-Jan 链接: PubMed
摘要
The advent of curative direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat those actively infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has allowed for discussion around HCV elimination. Restrictive state-by-state policies for the coverage of DAAs for Medicaid recipients may hamper elimination efforts in the United States by limiting access to these curative treatments. The purpose of the current analysis was to examine the sociodemographic, drug use and clinical characteristics of participants in the Kentucky Viral Hepatitis C Treatment (KeY Treat) study in the context of Medicaid policies in the United States. The goal of KeY Treat was to reduce barriers to accessing curative DAAs by providing screening and treatment free of charge. Results suggest that fewer than one in five KeY Treat participants would be eligible for HCV treatment in states without Medicaid expansion. A third of KeY Treat participants were actively injecting drugs and 40% indicated recent drug use, which would negatively impact their ability to easily access treatment in seven US states. More than 85% of KeY Treat participants started treatment the same day as screening. However, same-day test and treat models would not be possible in almost half of US states because of preauthorization requirements that limit the ability of providers to employ innovative point-of-care RNA screening. As an elimination plan takes shape in the United States, it is clear that it will be necessary to remove all restrictions for accessing treatment to allow for meaningful increases in HCV treatment uptake and cure.
62. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout and resilience amongst healthcare personnel in rural Northern Ontario: A cross-sectional study.
期刊: Canadian journal of rural medicine : the official journal of the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada = Journal canadien de la medecine rurale : le journal officiel de la Societe de medecine rurale du Canada 发表日期: 2026-Jan-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an unprecedented strain on the healthcare system, resulting in rising burnout levels among healthcare personnel. The pandemic’s effect on the mental well-being of those working within resource-limited healthcare settings remains unexplored. We assessed the impact of the pandemic on burnout and resilience in healthcare personnel working in rural Northern Ontario. We surveyed healthcare personnel across 15 rural communities in Northern Ontario, gathering demographic, occupational, burnout and resilience data. Chi-square tests (χ2) determined response variations by demographic and occupational factors, whereas ANOVAs assessed mean differences. Pearson correlation coefficient measured the relationship between burnout and resilience, and linear associations were identified using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Ninety-nine healthcare workers from 15 rural communities were sent the survey. Seventy-six (77%) responded. Fifty-five per cent of respondents experienced burnout, with 81% rating it as moderately severe or worse. Those who grew up in their current community reported higher burnout rates, and 73% of participants reported strong resilience. Childhood community ties correlated with lower resilience, whereas higher resilience was linked to lower burnout severity. Physicians had lower Connor-Davidson-Resilience Scale© (CD-RISC 2) scores compared to hospital CEOs. Despite high burnout, respondents had strong resilience. A correlation between burnout severity and resilience suggests that higher resilience is linked to less severe burnout which suggests that resilience can buffer the impact of burnout. Enhancing resilience could improve the ability to cope with stress and adversity. The data emphasises the need to consider factors, such as occupation and community history, when assessing burnout risk and designing well-being interventions.2-25 L’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur l’épuisement professionnel et la résilience du personnel de la santédans le Nord rural de l’Ontario: Une étude transversale. La pandémie de COVID-19 a exercé une pression sans précédent sur le système de santé, entraînant une hausse marquée de l’épuisement professionnel chez le personnel soignant. Les répercussions de cette crise sur la santé mentale des professionnels œuvrant dans des milieux où les ressources sont limitées demeurent peu documentées. Cette étude évalue l’impact de la pandémie sur l’épuisement professionnel et la résilience du personnel de la santé travaillant dans des communautés rurales du Nord de l’Ontario. Une enquête a été menée auprès de membres du personnel de la santé provenant de 15 communautés rurales du Nord ontarien. Nous avons recueilli des données démographiques, professionnelles, ainsi que des mesures d’épuisement professionnel et de résilience. Des tests du khi carré (χ2) ont permis d’examiner les variations selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et professionnelles. Des ANOVA ont été utilisées pour comparer les moyennes. Le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson a évalué la relation entre l’épuisement professionnel et la résilience, et des associations linéaires ont été analysées à l’aide du test de Mantel-Haenszel. Parmi les 99 membres du personnel de la santé provenant de 15 communautés rurales à qui l’enquête a été envoyée, 76 ont répondu (77%). Cinquante-cinq pour cent des répondants ont indiqué vivre de l’épuisement professionnel, et 81% l’ont qualifié de modérément sévère ou pire. Les personnes ayant grandi dans la communauté où elles travaillent rapportaient des taux d’épuisement plus élevés, tandis que 73% des participants présentaient une forte résilience. Les liens communautaires établis durant l’enfance étaient associés à une résilience plus faible, alors qu’une résilience élevée était liée à une sévérité moindre de l’épuisement professionnel. Les médecins affichaient également des scores inférieurs au Conor-Davidson Resilience Scale© (CD-RISC 2) comparativement aux PDG d’hôpitaux. Malgré des niveaux élevés d’épuisement professionnel, les participants présentaient une résilience notable. La corrélation entre résilience et sévérité de l’épuisement suggère qu’une meilleure résilience atténue l’impact de l’épuisement, renforçant la capacité à faire face au stress et à l’adversité. Les résultats soulignent l’importance de considérer des facteurs tels que l’occupation et l’ancrage communautaire dans l’évaluation du risque d’épuisement et dans la conception d’interventions pour soutenir le bien-être.
63. Local authority variation in school-recorded special educational needs and disability provision in Year 1 among children born in England, 2003-13.
期刊: European journal of public health 发表日期: 2025-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Evidence of disparities in special educational needs and disability (SEND) provision at local authority (LA) level in England is needed to guide policies for equitable provision. We described LA-level variation in recorded SEND provision using linked health-education records. We used linked hospital-primary school records (ECHILD - Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data) to create a cohort of 3 729 265 children born in England between 2003/04-2012/13. LA of pupil’s residential address and SEND provision [SEND support or Educational Health and Care Plan (EHCP)] were defined at Year 1 (5/6 years old). We compared single-level and multilevel logistic models, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, health indicators, and school governance, and stratifying by gestational age. In further multilevel models, we added LA characteristics. After accounting for individual-level characteristics, there was between 2.0% (SEND support compared with no SEND provision) and 5.8% (EHCPs compared with SEND support) residual unexplained variation between LAs across gestational age groups. Adding LA-level income deprivation reduced the between-LA variance for EHCPs by 14%-24% across gestational age groups; less so for other LA characteristics. Under 6% of the differences in school-recorded SEND provision in Year 1 between 2009/10 and 2018/19 was associated with the LA context. We need to carefully disentangle structural factors at the school and individual level to understand inequities in recorded SEND provision.