公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-02-09)
共收录 58 篇研究文章
1. ANXA2, DBN1, ZNF385D, and IL6ST: Endothelial cell biomarkers linking atherosclerosis progression to immune microenvironment dysregulation.
期刊: Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex cardiovascular disorder driven by endothelial cell dysfunction and immune microenvironment dysregulation. We identified novel endothelial-related diagnostic biomarkers through multi-omics integration and machine learning approaches. Single‑cell atlas of AS was constructed from scRNA-seq data using the Seurat. Endothelial cell‑specific co‑expression modules and hub genes were identified via high-dimensional WGCNA (hdWGCNA), and key endothelial‑associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by integrating these modules with differential expression analysis. Diagnostic genes were screened using LASSO regression and SVM-RFE using glmnet and caret packages, respectively. Their correlations with immune cell infiltration were assessed by single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, the binding capacity of the encoded proteins to potential therapeutic agents was evaluated through drug-target prediction using the Enrichr platform and the DSigDB database, followed by molecular docking simulations. A total of 66 endothelial cell-associated DEGs were identified, from which four core feature genes (ANXA2, DBN1, ZNF385D, and IL6ST) were screened using machine learning approaches. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a global increase in immune cell infiltration (e.g., activated B cells, T cells, and macrophages) in atherosclerotic lesions, with the four genes showing significant correlations with specific immune subsets, while single-cell data further confirmed T cells, macrophages, and B cells as the predominant cellular components in the plaque microenvironment. Molecular docking results demonstrated strong binding capabilities of ANXA2 with thalidomide and IL6ST with resveratrol, with binding energies of -6.7 kcal/mol and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Our findings provided new insights for the targeted AS therapy.
2. Comparative Outcomes of Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy Performed by a Podiatrist Versus an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the Management of Toe Ulcers.
期刊: Journal of foot and ankle research 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Foot ulceration is a debilitating and often disabling complication of diabetes mellitus, with negative prognostic associations in terms of morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT) is increasingly recognized as a safe, minimally invasive procedure for treating tendon-related deformities, including mechanical forefoot ulceration. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of needle flexor tenotomies performed by a podiatrist versus an orthopaedic surgeon. This service evaluation reviewed consecutive adult patients with foot ulceration who received needle tenotomy by a senior podiatrist, excluding those who underwent alternative procedures/amputation. Orthopaedic surgeon conducted tenotomy was the comparison group. Podiatrist: 30 patients underwent needle tenotomy (total-31 feet) (23 patients had diabetes). Orthopaedic surgeon: 10 patients underwent needle tenotomy (total-12 feet). Median age was 71.5 years (range: 39.0-92.0), with 8 males/2 females. (8 patients had diabetes). The podiatrist-led group was older and had higher HbA1c, greater proportion of smokers, larger ulcer size and longer ulcer duration pre-intervention (median 54 vs. 20 weeks and p = 0.002) than the orthopaedic surgeon-led group. Despite these differences in disease severity, time to ulcer resolution (median 4.7 vs. 2 weeks, p = 0.119) and the rate of complete healing (86.7% vs. 100% and p = 0.556) did not differ significantly between groups. The lowest cost of the minor surgical foot procedure as a day case = £554 (€662) with this cost at least halved by conducting the procedure in a podiatry clinic. In conclusion, podiatrist-led percutaneous needle tenotomy is a safe and effective intervention for foot ulcers, achieving healing outcomes comparable to an orthopaedic surgeon. We hope that the procedure can be adopted more widely.
3. Methods and Instruments to Measure ICU Healthcare Professionals' Workload Related to Medical Technology-Protocol for a Scoping Review.
期刊: Nursing in critical care 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Healthcare systems increasingly adopt medical technologies in direct patient care, particularly in highly technological environments like intensive care units (ICUs). While these technologies aim to enhance clinical outcomes, they can also introduce complexities that affect healthcare professionals’ workload. Measuring workload related to the use of medical technology is crucial to ensure technologies support rather than hinder care delivery. Workload in this context encompasses temporal demands, subtask frequency and cognitive demands-distinct from scoring systems determining staffing ratios. To identify methods and instruments to measure ICU healthcare professionals’ workload during direct patient care activities involving medical technology. We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, using narrative synthesis to summarise findings. Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Google Scholar will be searched for studies published 2010-2025 reporting primary data. paediatric population, editorials, letters and patient-based scoring systems (e.g., Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-76; Nursing Activities Score). Two reviewers will independently screen records and extract data using standardised forms. Reporting quality will be assessed using a self-developed tool. Findings will be presented in a flowchart, tables and figures. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of workload measurement methods during direct patient care activities involving medical technology in ICUs, serving as a practical resource for evaluating the workload impact of existing and emerging technologies. Open Science Framework, registered on 26th of September 2024 (registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/2A97J, https://osf.io/2a97j/).
4. Survey of Cacopsylla bidens, vector of 'Candidatus phytoplasma pyri', in Chilean pear orchards.
期刊: Plant disease 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pear decline, caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’, has emerged in Chilean pear orchards in recent years. While several Cacopsylla species are potential vectors of ‘Ca. P. pyri’, the disease’s full epidemiological cycle remains uncertain. Cacopsylla bidens, present in Chilean orchards, has recently been reported as a vector. This study conducted year-long surveys in two commercial pear orchards across different Chilean regions, capturing C. bidens in zones with ‘Ca. P. pyri’-infected pear trees. All developmental stages were collected, with peak abundances occurring in March and April. Outside the study zones, C. bidens were found in pine trees but not in adjacent cultivated areas. Two seasonal morphotypes, summer and winter forms, were identified. Molecular analysis detected ‘Ca. P. pyri’ in a high proportion of insects, with maximum infection rates in March and April. These findings advance our understanding of ‘Ca. P. pyri’ spatial and temporal dynamics and its potential role in ‘Ca. P. pyri’ spreading under Chilean field conditions.
5. Analysis of external dose rate attenuation and its related factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients following I-131 therapy.
期刊: EJNMMI physics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Monitoring the external dose rate (EDR) attenuation serves as a key consideration in supporting discharge decisions for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who have undergone radioiodine therapy. We aimed to study the EDR attenuation and its related factors in DTC patients during I-131 therapy. This study enrolled 886 DTC patients who first underwent I-131 therapy at the Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, China. We measured the EDR at approximately 2, 24, 48, and 72 h post-therapy. Two formulas were established to represent the EDR decay with time: 1) EDR =[Formula: see text] and EDR% = [Formula: see text], where EDR is the absolute external dose rate (µSv/h), EDR% is the percentage EDR relative to the initial EDR (100%), SI (speed index, μSv/h2) is the absolute decay rate of I-131 with the time, SI% (%/h) is the relative decay rate with the time, and b is a constant. The finally fitted SI and SI% from patients’ data were -0.020 μSv/h2 and -0.026%/h, respectively. EDR% exhibited a stronger correlation with administration time than EDR (R2: 0.951 vs. 0.829). Body mass index (BMI), smoking, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (FTC) subtype, increasing residual thyroid tissue grading, FT3 and Tg levels positively associated with SI. The factors negatively associated with SI were female sex, a higher N stage and a higher I-131 dose. SI% was positively associated with smoking history, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and FTC pathological subtype, and negatively with female sex and higher I-131 dose. EDR% had better correlation than EDR with I-131 administration time. The related factors for SI and SI% included I-131 dose, sex, BMI, thyroid cancer pathology, medical history and thyroid function. These findings provide a reference for radiation protection officers in evaluating radioactive activity during I-131 therapy.
6. [What diseases and risks cause health losses in Hungary?].
期刊: Orvosi hetilap 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Using Global Burden of Disease 2023 data, this study examines the structure of health losses in Hungary, focusing on diseases, risk factors, and international comparisons. To identify which diseases and risk factors contribute most to Hungary’s health burden, how these relate to disability and premature mortality, and how patterns differ by gender and in comparison, with Central European countries. Age-standardized values per 100,000 inhabitants, broken down by gender and disease/risk category, were analyzed for Hungary and compared with Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders caused the largest losses. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor. Premature mortality was substantially higher in Hungary; men showed especially elevated levels due to smoking, diet, and hypertension. Morbidity-related losses were dominated by musculoskeletal and mental disorders. Hungary’s burden stems not only from mortality but also from chronic disabling conditions. The mortality component is particularly unfavourable in international comparison. Improving treatment quality, timely care, and early diagnosis is essential, while reducing morbidity requires stronger long-term care and rehabilitation. Effective policy should complement lifestyle-focused prevention with better access to high-quality curative care and gender-responsive interventions. Consistent use of objective burden-of-disease data can support decision-making. A systemic approach - combining prevention, supportive environments, and a strengthened healthcare system - is needed to reduce health losses in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(6): 232-242. Bevezetés: A tanulmány a Global Burden of Disease 2023. évi adataira építve vizsgálja Magyarország egészségveszteségeinek szerkezetét, kitérve a betegségekre, a kockázati tényezőkre és a nemzetközi összevetésre. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja elemzéssel annak feltárása, hogy mely betegségek és kockázati tényezők járulnak hozzá a leginkább a teljes veszteséghez Magyarországon, és miként viszonyulnak ezek a veszteségek a korlátozottságból adódó és az idő előtti halálozáshoz; továbbá a nemek közti különbségek kimutatása és a magyar értékek más közép-európai országokkal való összehasonlítása. Módszerek: A szerzők nemekre és betegség/kockázati kategóriákra bontott, 100 000 lakosra számított, korra standardizált értékeket elemeztek Magyarországra vonatkozóan, továbbá összehasonlították azokat Ausztriával, Csehországgal, Lengyelországgal és Szlovákiával. Eredmények: Magyarországon a legnagyobb egészségveszteséget okozó betegségek a cardiovascularis betegségek, a rosszindulatú daganatok és a mozgásszervi megbetegedések voltak. A kockázati tényezők közül a magas vérnyomás dominált. Az idő előtti halálozás aránya jelentősen nagyobb volt Magyarországon, mint a vizsgált országok többségében; a férfiak különösen nagy arányt mutattak, főként a dohányzás, a táplálkozás és a hypertonia miatt. A morbiditásból eredő veszteségek jelentős részét a mozgásszervi és a mentális betegségek tették ki. Megbeszélés: Az eredmények rámutatnak arra, hogy Magyarország egészségveszteségeinek fő terhei nem csupán a halálozásból származnak, hanem jelentős a korlátozottsággal járó krónikus betegségek szerepe is. A nemzetközi összehasonlítás alapján a halálozási komponens kiemelkedően kedvezőtlen más országokkal összevetve. Következtetés: Az eredmények azt sugallják, hogy a kezelési minőség, a betegellátás időbeli szervezése és a korai diagnózis javítása kulcsfontosságú lehet. Az egészségpolitika számára stratégiai fontosságú, hogy a beavatkozások ne csak az egyének életmódjára és prevenciójára fókuszáljanak, hanem erősebben építsenek a gyógyító ellátás minőségének és hozzáférhetőségének javítására is. Fontos a nemspecifikus programok kidolgozása, különösen a férfiakat érintő kockázatok tekintetében. Végső soron a rendszerszintű szemlélet (prevenció + környezeti feltételek + ellátórendszer) hozhat tartós változást a magyar egészségveszteségek csökkentésében. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(6): 232–242.
7. Segmentation method comparison for baseline [18F]FDG PET-CT in follicular lymphoma patients.
期刊: EJNMMI physics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Currently, [18F]FDG PET-CT is used for staging, response evaluation, and remission assessment. While advances in quantitative PET-CT are promising for prognostic assessment, they depend on reproducible tumor delineation. Various segmentation methods have been proposed, but their application to FL PET is less established, despite known differences in uptake patterns across lymphoma subtypes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of several single-threshold and multi-threshold methods for FL [18F]FDG PET-CT lesion segmentation on segmentation quality, interobserver variability, and ease-of-use. Baseline PET-CT data of 25 second-line FL patients from the HOVON110 trial and 12 first-line FL patients from the PETAL trial were selected. Two observers applied 13 different semi-automatic methods, of which six used a single threshold and seven combined thresholds (multi-threshold). Methods include, SUV threshold methods, an AI-based method, majority vote and lesion-based selection methods. The segmentation process comprises four steps: step 1 and 2 involved generating a preselection, while step 3 and 4 applied an automatic method followed by manual adjustments. To assess segmentation quality, both observers gave a score (1-3) ranging from undersegmentation to oversegmentation. For interobserver variability, the difference in total metabolic tumor volume between observers was determined. The ease-of-use was assessed based on manually added and removed volume in step 4. A total of 962 segmentations were made by two observers. Differences in results between the methods were limited across all characteristics, indicating an overall satisfactory performance of all methods. The multi-threshold method scored better for segmentation quality in comparison to single-threshold methods, indicating less under- or oversegmentation. The single-threshold method SUV4.0 demonstrated lower median (0.3 mL) and inter quartile range (2.0 mL) concerning interobserver variability in comparison to lesion-based methods. Among the single threshold methods, SUV4.0 is preferred regarding ease-of-use, observer variability and segmentation quality. While the multi-threshold lesion-based methods showed the a higher segmentation quality, SUV4.0 has the benefit of easy implementation, wide availability and is in-line with the currently set benchmark for lymphoma PET analysis. We identified SUV4.0 and a lesion-based method as the candidate methods preferred for further clinical performance evaluation.
8. The Curriculum of Resistance: Medical Education as a Critical Line of Defense Against Policy Disaster for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals.
期刊: Teaching and learning in medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals in the United States have faced escalating legislative hostility for more than a decade, with a marked acceleration following the legalization of marriage equality in 2015. Federal executive actions and state-level policies enacted in early 2025 represent an unprecedented escalation of this trend, sharply restricting access to gender-affirming care, legal recognition, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) protections. Collectively, these actions constitute a policy-driven public health disaster with profound and potentially life-threatening consequences for TGNC communities. In this perspective, we reframe the current political climate as a policy disaster analogous to natural disasters, arguing that it demands an urgent, coordinated response from health professions educators and institutions. Drawing on disaster scholarship describing the disproportionate harms faced by LGBTQ+ communities during natural disasters, we propose a three-tiered framework for response grounded in cultural humility and critical resistance: (1) integration of structural competency, cultural humility, and advocacy training across undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education to prepare clinicians as frontline responders; (2) institutional efforts to address power imbalances and maintain healthcare access for TGNC individuals who are uninsured, undocumented, or living in hostile policy environments; and (3) development of mutually beneficial partnerships with TGNC-led community organizations that often deliver higher-trust and more adaptive care than traditional systems. Through narrative and critical analysis, we argue that medical education must move beyond neutrality to actively resist structural violence. In the absence of state protection, academic medical institutions have both the ethical responsibility and practical capacity to serve as a critical line of defense, mobilizing education, infrastructure, and community partnership to safeguard TGNC health during this unfolding policy disaster.
9. Sustainable and Effective Lipid-Lowering Management: Prevention Strategies from the BRING-UP Prevention Study.
期刊: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adherence to guideline recommendations for secondary prevention appears to be inadequate, even in cardiology centers. To narrow the gap between guideline recommendations and what is implemented in clinical practice, we designed the BRING-UP Prevention project. BRING-UP Prevention is a nationwide, observational, prospective, multicenter study enrolling patients with a prior atherothrombotic event. The study consists of two 3-month enrolment phases followed by a 6-month follow-up, with each phase preceded by an educational intervention. Data presented here mainly focus on the percentage of patients at goal for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (<55 mg/dL) at the 6-month follow-up in the recently completed first enrollment phase. Secondary endpoints are blood pressure, glycemic and weight control and smoke cessation. Over 3 months, 189 cardiology centres recruited 4790 patients. Follow-up data at 6 months were available for 4643 patients (97%) and LDL-C was available for 4334 of them. The rate of patients with LDL-C <55 mg/dL increased from 33% to 58.1%, with absolute and relative increases of 25.1% and 76.1%, respectively. At 6 months 94.9% of patients were prescribed on statins. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were the most prescribed statins, mostly at high doses. Ezetimibe was prescribed in 84% of cases. PCSK9i monoclonal antibodies and inclisiran were prescribed in 8.3% of patients. BRING-UP Prevention achieved its primary goal to increase the percentage of patients at LDL-C goal, demonstrating that, in many patients, this goal can be achieved increasing the use of low-cost therapies. Many people who have already had heart problems do not fully follow medical guidelines to prevent another event. In particular, their levels of “bad” cholesterol (LDL-C) often remain too high. To help close the gap between what the guidelines recommend and what actually happens in everyday care, we created a project called BRING-UP Prevention. This project focused on educating doctors and collecting information about their patients. After the program:The number of patients who reached their target LDL-C level went up from 33% to 58%.This improvement was achieved mostly with standard, affordable medications, such as statins, often combined with ezetimibe.We also saw small improvements in blood pressure control and smoking cessation. However, blood sugar levels and weight management still need more attention in the future. Our results show that studies aimed at helping doctors follow prevention guidelines more closely can quickly lead to better cholesterol control. This is especially true when many cardiology centers—of all sizes and technological levels—take part in the initiative, as they did in the BRING-UP Prevention project across Italy.
10. Solid-state cultivation-specific agmatine production by Aspergillus oryzae: current understanding and perspectives.
期刊: Amino acids 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Agmatine, a natural polyamine generated from arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), has attracted increasing attention because of its pleiotropic beneficial effects on neuroprotection, lifestyle-related diseases, and gut-brain axis-mediated pathways. Although mammals appear to possess only limited capacity to synthesize endogenous agmatine, accumulating evidence suggests that agmatine derived from diet and the gut microbiota contributes to systemic levels of this polyamine. Previous studies have revealed that Aspergillus oryzae, the filamentous fungus foundational to traditional Japanese cuisine and indispensable for starch saccharification in sake, miso, soy sauce, mirin, and other fermented foods, produces high levels of agmatine specifically under solid-state cultivation. Subsequent studies identified a novel pyruvoyl-dependent ADC (Ao-ADC1) responsible for this unique agmatine production. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge on solid-state cultivation-specific agmatine production by A. oryzae, with a particular focus on the discovery and biochemical characteristics of Ao-ADC1. These findings challenge the commonly accepted notion that ascomycetes lack ADC. Understanding the molecular rationale and physiological significance of this unique agmatine biosynthetic pathway provides a foundation for rational strategies to enhance agmatine production in A. oryzae and for the development of agmatine-enriched fermented foods and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, integrating this fungal pathway with emerging insights into microbe-host interactions may further illuminate how fermentation-derived agmatine contributes to human health through gut-brain axis mediated mechanisms.
11. Bifidobacterium Breve Yang08 Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis By Enriching Akkermansia Muciniphila and Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation In Mice.
期刊: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, yet the mechanisms connecting specific commensals to cutaneous immunoregulation remain elusive. We observed reduced Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) abundance in AD patients. A new B. breve strain was isolated from human stools and nomenclated as Yang08. In MC903-induced AD-like mouse models, Yang08 outperformed a standard strain, ameliorating disease severity, including reduced ear thickening, epidermal hyperplasia, and mast cell infiltration in a manner dependent on viable bacteria and an intact gut microbiota. Antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion abrogated its efficacy, while fecal microbiota transfer from Yang08-treated mice conferred protection, confirming microbial remodeling as essential. Metagenomics revealed Yang08 specifically enriched Akkermansia muciniphila, which was required for therapeutic effects in germ-free mice. Mechanistically, Yang08 abolished both neutrophil influx and NET deposition in lesions, with ex vivo experiments showing blunted NETosis capacity. Its therapeutic benefits were reversed by neutrophil depletion, NET degradation, or PAD4 inhibition. Overall, Yang08 alleviates AD by enriching A. muciniphila and inhibiting skin NETosis, emerging as a promising prophylactic candidate prevention for AD prevention.
12. Designing immune reconstitution to prevent graft-versus-host disease: a novel therapeutic paradigm beyond T cell suppression.
期刊: International journal of hematology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and its prevention requires not only suppression of early alloimmune responses but also the rational design of post-transplant immune reconstitution. The pathophysiology of GVHD has traditionally been understood based on Billingham’s classical three criteria and a subsequent cytokine storm-driven, multistep model that emphasizes early tissue injury. In recent years, however, emerging concepts-including disruption of tissue tolerance in target organs and the layered reconstitution of donor T cells after transplantation, characterized by dynamic changes in fitness and exhaustion-have led to a refinement of these classical frameworks. This review summarizes recent advances, focusing on two key aspects: (1) updated local pathophysiological mechanisms, including injury to tissue stem cells and impaired regenerative capacity in target organs, disruption of the gut microbiota-metabolic network, and damage to the bone marrow hematopoietic niche; and (2) the mechanistic links between immune reconstitution and the development of acute and chronic GVHD, based on recent studies of donor T cell clonal dynamics. These insights support a shift from a unidimensional, immunosuppression-centered approach toward a novel, multidimensional therapeutic strategy that integrates organ protection, hematopoietic niche repair, and precise control of immune reconstitution.
13. Regorafenib enhances anti-PDCD1/PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer by promoting SQSTM1/p62-mediated CD274/PD-L1 degradation.
期刊: Autophagy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite the clinical success of PDCD1/PD-1 and CD274/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in multiple cancers, its efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited. Here, we report that the combination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor regorafenib with PDCD1 blockade enhances anti-tumor immunity in CRC, both in clinical observations and preclinical models. Mechanistically, regorafenib acts as a molecular glue, directly promoting the interaction between CD274 and the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62, leading to SQSTM1-mediated autophagic degradation of CD274 and restoration of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In summary, these findings identify a previously unrecognized role of regorafenib in modulating tumor immune evasion and provide a mechanistic rationale for its combination with PDCD1 inhibitors in CRC treatment. 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CD274/PD-L1: CD274 molecule; CHX: cycloheximide; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; CRC: colorectal cancer; CTLs: cytotoxic T cells; ECD: extracellular domain; GZMB: granzyme B; ICD: intracellular domain; IF: immunofluorescence; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; mCRC: metastatic colorectal cancer; mIF: multiplex immunofluorescence; MSS: microsatellite stable; ORRs: objective response rates; PDCD1/PD-1: programmed cell death 1; PDCD1i: PDCD1 inhibitor; pMMR: mismatch repair-proficient; PROTACs: proteolysis-targeting chimeras; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TKI: multikinase inhibitor; TME: tumor microenvironment; WB: western blot; WT: wild-type.
14. Redirecting NEU (neuraminidase) antigen to autophagosomes confers enhanced cross-reactive T-cell immunity against heterosubtypic influenza virus infection.
期刊: Autophagy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
NEU (neuraminidase) is a potential cross-reactive antigen for developing broadly protective influenza vaccine, but has suboptimal immunogenicity. We here report that, when NEU antigen was redirected into phagophores, and subsequently autophagosomes, by fusing with MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NEU-LC3B), it could efficiently activate the autophagosome-lysosome-major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) compartment pathway, and thus substantially improve the magnitude, breadth, and polyfunctionality of NEU-specific T cell immunity in mice. Remarkably, we identified several novel NEU-specific T-cell epitopes in response to NEU-LC3B-based immunization. Furthermore, mice immunized with NEU-based constructs were challenged with homologous A/CA/04/09 (H1N1), heterologous within-subtype strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) (H1N1), and heterosubtypic A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2) virus, and the results demonstrated that NEU-LC3B-based vaccine provided a sterilizing immunity to homologous strains and cross-protection against antigenically distinct heterosubtypic challenge. In addition, cell depletion experiment demonstrated that T-cell-mediated immunity contributed to the NEU-LC3B-mediated immune protection. Collectively, this engineered NEU antigen with optimal immunogenicity represents a promising strategy for developing broadly protective influenza vaccines.
15. LncRNA CCAT2 role in female-related cancer progression and diagnosis: a comprehensive review.
期刊: Clinical and experimental medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Female-related cancers, including breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical malignancies, are among the most prevalent and clinically significant health challenges worldwide. Their development involves a complex interplay of genetic mutations, environmental factors, lifestyle influences, and therapeutic interventions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in these cancers, modulating epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional programs, and post-transcriptional processes. Aberrant lncRNA expression promotes tumor initiation, drives progression and metastasis, and facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Among these, colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) has been identified as an oncogenic lncRNA across multiple tumor types. CCAT2 primarily activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, enhancing β-catenin transcriptional activity and upregulating downstream targets such as MYC and cyclin D1, which are essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Despite growing evidence of its oncogenic role, the specific contribution of CCAT2 to female-related cancers remains incompletely understood. This study systematically reviews recent findings on CCAT2’s role in the development and progression of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms, and evaluates its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, the translational potential of CCAT2 as a therapeutic target is discussed, highlighting opportunities for improving clinical outcomes in these malignancies.
16. Monitoring cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in breast and prostate cancer patients after primary treatment: a study protocol for the REBECCA trials in Norway.
期刊: Clinical and experimental medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
The REBECCA project taps into the potential of using real-world data (RWD) for supporting groundbreaking clinical research on complex chronic conditions as a complement to Randomised Controlled Trials. REBECCA moves beyond the analysis of clinical data from Electronic health records, by combining it with detailed monitoring data from multiple wearables, online behaviour and self-reported data to monitor patients’s quality of life in terms of their functional and emotional status. The project focuses on the detection of cancer-related fatigue, developed during breast cancer recovery, using digital biomarker profiles for early detection of the disease and assessing the value of detailed and longitudinal patient monitoring as a means of improving patient care. The project also demonstrates the extensibility of REBECCA monitoring to other forms of cancer, such as prostate cancer. We describe the three clinical trials being conducted in Norway and the use of the REBECCA platform, capable of detailed monitoring and privacy preserving federated cross-country data analysis. The RWD will be analyzed in the context of data from questionnaires (Patient Reported Outcome Measures) and results from analysis of biological samples. Through this approach we expect that the REBECCA project will produce new knowledge on clinical management of cancer patients and contribute to new biological knowledge on cancer-related fatigue. Status and perspectives: The REBECCA project is ongoing, and patient follow-up will be completed during February 2026. The initial analyses of RWD, PROMs and biological samples have started together with the partners in the REBECCA consortium. The REBECCA trials are approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of the Western Health Authority (REK Vest) under the IDs 225,855 (REBECCA-1), 242,088 (REBECCA-2) and 619,903 (REBECCA-3). All trials have also been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05587777, NCT06120595 and NCT06435091). Trial registration: NCT05587777, Retrospectively registered 19th of October 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/ NCT05587777; NCT05587777, Retrospectively registered 6th of November 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/ NCT06120595; NCT05587777, Retrospectively registered 23rd of May 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/ NCT06435091.
17. Microplastic contamination and ecological risk assessment in two tree frog species (Hyla orientalis and Hyla savignyi) across Türkiye.
期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study was conducted to investigate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in individuals of Hyla orientalis and Hyla savignyi, two tree frog species naturally distributed in Türkiye, to determine the qualitative and quantitative distribution of these particles in their gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) and to analyze their morphological (color, shape, size) and chemical (polymer type) properties in detail. A total of 276 individuals were examined within the scope of the research, 76 of which belonged to H. orientalis and 200 to H. savignyi. A total of 192 microplastic particles were detected in their GITs, and the average size of these particles was determined to be 206.56 ± 12.88 µm. The most common microplastic type was PET (67.20%), its shape was fiber (76.00%), and its color was navy blue (25.50%). The highest proportion of microplastic-containing individuals was observed in H. savignyi (56.50%), and microplastic was found in only 11.84% of H. orientalis individuals. No statistically significant difference was found between the two species in terms of polymer type, microplastic shape, and color (p > 0.05). Data obtained from 24 different provinces across Türkiye indicate that microplastic contamination has a wide geographical distribution. The highest microplastic amount was recorded from Hatay-Hassa (44 pieces), followed by Kilis and Bitlis provinces. Significant differences were found between provinces in terms of color, shape, and polymer type (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that microplastic pollution is widespread in terrestrial vertebrates and may vary among species and geographic regions, suggesting that amphibians may be important bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health.
18. Heat Mitigation Strategies Employed at the U.S. Air Force's Special Warfare Training Pipeline.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
Although the incidence rate of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in the U.S. military decreased from 2018 to 2022, a resurgence in 2024 highlights the importance of continued refinement of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to describe the burden of exertional heat illness (EHI) in the U.S. Air Force Special Warfare Training Wing (SWTW) from FY19 to FY24 and assess changes in annual external heat exhaustion (EHE) and EHS risk following implementation of mitigation strategies in 2019. This descriptive epidemiology study analyzed 195 EHI cases among SWTW trainees from FY19 to FY24. Data on EHE and EHS were extracted from Military Health System records. Cumulative incidence (proportion of affected trainees per year) was calculated using the annual trainee population as the denominator. Mitigation strategies implemented in 2019 were assessed. Chi-square testing indicated that the distribution of EHS and EHE differed by fiscal year (χ2 = 12.92, P = .0241), reflecting year-to-year variation in case proportions. Historical weather data were reviewed to descriptively contextualize seasonal environmental conditions during periods of elevated EHI proportions. During FY19 to FY24, there were 195 reported cases of EHI: 135 EHE and 60 EHS. EHE exceeded EHS annually from FY19 to FY23, with EHI peaking in FY22 (n = 45), declining in FY23 (n = 19), and resurging in FY24 (n = 36), driven by increased EHS (n = 19). EHE cumulative incidence (0.91%-1.90%) outpaced EHS (0.28%-0.79%) until FY24, when EHS rose to 1.80%, surpassing EHE (1.61%). A significant association was identified between EHI type and fiscal year (χ2 = 12.92, P = .0241) with an increased EHS rate in FY24 versus FY20 (P = .012) and FY23 (P = .045); FY22 versus FY20 (P = .039). No significant year-over-year variation in EHE was observed. The SWTW implemented various measures to mitigate heat injury. Despite interventions at the SWTW, EHI remained prevalent to include an EHS proportion surge (1.80%) in FY24, indicating potential limitations and need for improved training adaptations, early detection, and risk management in high-intensity environments. Achieving zero EHI may not be feasible, thus, leadership must make decisions that acknowledge risk and apply evidence-based strategies to meet mission objectives. Seasonal patterns suggest tailored interventions may be necessary. Future studies should assess morbidity metrics, trainee fitness, and acclimatization to further evaluate and refine prevention strategies.
19. Impact of a mobile application and assistive chopsticks on traditional chopstick manipulation: an exploratory consecutive controlled case series with user-informed development.
期刊: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-08 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study examined (1) the feasibility and utility of a vision-based mobile application for assessing chopstick manipulation ability and (2) the preliminary effectiveness of newly developed assistive chopsticks designed to promote the traditional holding form among children. An exploratory consecutive controlled case series was conducted with 15 children aged 6-12 years from two elementary schools in Japan. Each participant completed a baseline phase using standard chopsticks, followed by an intervention phase using co-developed assistive chopsticks. Daily performance was recorded through the Kuchibashi App, which used MediaPipe for hand posture estimation and YOLOv8 for chopstick detection. App-based scores were analysed using the Visual Aid Implying an Objective Rule (VAIOR). Qualitative data included questionnaires from children and parents and visual assessments of grip by two trained raters. Fourteen participants completed the study. VAIOR analysis showed that six children (42.86%) had higher app-based scores during the intervention phase, whereas qualitative assessments indicated that 13 of 14 children (92.86%) improved. Eight children (57.14%) achieved complete correction to the “Four Finger” grip, five (35.71%) showed partial improvement, and one (7.14%) showed no change. Most children (85.71%) wished to continue using the assistive chopsticks, and parents reported high satisfaction with usability and motivation. Integrating a vision-based app with ergonomically designed assistive chopsticks proved feasible, usable, and culturally meaningful. Although qualitative improvements were seen in nearly all participants, quantitative metrics detected fewer changes, indicating the need to refine analytic sensitivity. This combined approach shows promise for technology-assisted rehabilitation. Combining vision-based assessment with assistive devices can enable objective, continuous, and culturally relevant monitoring of fine motor skills.The observed gap between quantitative app scores and qualitative improvements highlights the importance of multimodal and complementary evaluation in paediatric rehabilitation.Assistive chopsticks that promote the traditional grip may foster motivation, engagement, and independent home-based practice.Refinement of app-based scoring algorithms could enhance technology-supported occupational therapy assessment.Integrating culturally specific motor tasks such as chopstick manipulation into assistive technology may strengthen rehabilitation frameworks in East Asian contexts and ultimately benefit children with hand function limitations or developmental coordination disorders after clinical validation.
20. Existing and future use cases, and safety and ethical considerations for AI in body image, and eating disorder prevention.
期刊: Body image 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming digital, clinical, and cultural landscapes in ways that hold significant implications for body image and eating disorder (ED) prevention. This article outlines how traditional and generative AI technologies influence societal appearance ideals as well as digital environments, including online mental health tools. While AI offers opportunities for early detection, personalized and scalable prevention, and the promotion of more inclusive representation, it also poses ethical and psychological risks, including amplification of harmful appearance ideals, algorithmic bias, and overreliance on technology. This article identifies key research priorities relevant to body image spanning macro-level impacts, emerging use cases, ethics and safety, equity and representation in datasets, public perceptions, and the need for interdisciplinary and participatory governance. As AI becomes embedded in everyday life, its responsible and safe use will be critical to ensuring it does not exacerbate body image concerns or increase ED risk.
21. Fear appeals amplify the continued influence effect of health wish rumor: Mediation of perceived efficacy.
期刊: Acta psychologica 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The spread of health wish rumors (misinformation promising unverified solutions to health threats) poses significant risks to public health decision-making. By integrating rumor typology and the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), this study investigates how fear appeals amplify the Continued Influence Effect (CIE) of health wish rumors and their behavioral consequences. Through two experiments (N = 180), we demonstrate that health wish rumors under fear appeals sustain reliance on corrected falsehoods and increase purchase intentions by leveraging perceived efficacy. Experiment 1 (N = 54 undergraduates) employed a within-subjects design to compare inference scores and purchase intentions among three conditions: fear appeal misinformation correction, general appeal misinformation correction, and no-misinformation control. Linear mixed models revealed fear appeal misinformation corrections yielded significantly higher inference scores (b = 0.96, p < 0.001) and purchase intentions (b = 0.73, p < 0.001) than no-misinformation controls. Experiment 2 (N = 126 diverse adults) replicated these effects and identified perceived efficacy as the critical mediator (CIE: partial mediation, ab = 0.24, 95% CI [0.05, 0.46]; purchase intentions: full mediation, ab = 0.26, 95% CI [0.06, 0.51]), whereas perceived threat showed no mediating role. These findings challenge static rumor typology assumptions by showing that fear contexts override the reputed correctability of health wish rumors. This work reveals how health wish rumors can exploit the persuasiveness of fear appeal by inflating perceived efficacy. It also provides actionable insights for combating real-world health rumors, demonstrating that debunking efforts should prioritize reducing efficacy beliefs about health wish rumors.
22. Supporting minority youths' mental health during COVID-19: the role of neighborhood composition.
期刊: International journal for equity in health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to worsen mental health outcomes, particularly among minority youths. However, few studies have examined whether neighborhood composition-specifically greater co-ethnic density, which has been linked to better mental health in other contexts-might buffer against these negative effects. Furthermore, existing studies linking neighborhood ethnic composition to health tend to be based in the U.S., where racial/ethnic clustering is intrinsically intertwined with racial discrimination, making it hard to unpack the impact of neighborhood composition on mental health. This study examines how neighborhood composition, as estimated by a spatial measure of neighborhood-scale residential segregation, relates to mental health outcomes of youths of different ethnicities before and during the COVID19 pandemic, in Singapore, a multi-ethnic city-state with a large Chinese majority and long-standing policies to ensure sociospatial ethnic mix within neighborhoods. Four waves of survey responses of over 3000 youths were collected between 2019 and 2022, and joined to estimates of their neighborhood characteristics, include residential ethnic and socioeconomic segregation, built density and average housing prices. First, multi-level models were fitted, where individual observations were nested within individual participants. Random intercepts were fitted for each participant to account for unobserved individual-specific effects, while three-way interactions between the fixed effects of individual’s ethnicity, neighborhood-level co-ethnic density/residential segregation estimates and survey wave were included as a test of whether the observed associations varied by ethnicity and time. The second approach modelled ‘typical’ mental health trajectories across the survey waves using latent class growth analysis. Multinomial logistic regression predicting latent class membership with covariates were then fitted to analyse whether and how youths’ ethnic identities and residential co-ethnic density/ segregation exposure related to different mental health trajectories. Ethnic minority youths living in areas with lower levels of ethnic residential segregation, which in Singapore is characterised by greater co-ethnic density, had better mental health outcomes over the course of the pandemic, compared to peers living in more homogenously Chinese neighborhoods. Results from the multi-level models however suggest this ‘protective’ relationship of experiencing greater co-ethnic density dissipated during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Living in areas with higher co-ethnic density for minority groups, and a lower spatial concentration of residents of majority ethnicity, might be protective of minority youths’ mental health. However, this protective effect of greater residential ethnic mix might be contingent on there being in-person interactions, which were severely reduced during the height of a pandemic. This finding thus underscores the need for initiatives to maintain social connectedness within one’s neighborhood even in the face of safe distancing measures.
23. Breastfeeding in Tzeltal indigenous communities in Mexico: embodied and participatory experiences for policy recommendations.
期刊: International breastfeeding journal 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
As a pluricultural country, Mexico must promote breastfeeding through intercultural approaches. Although existing research remains limited, the exclusion and precarious living conditions experienced by many Indigenous communities render such efforts both challenging and essential for reducing inequalities in breastfeeding support. Moreover, while low breastfeeding rates at both global and local levels have been extensively documented through quantitative studies, the lived experiences of Indigenous mothers remain highly variable and underexplored. To date, qualitative research centered on Indigenous breastfeeding mothers’ perspectives is scarce. This paper presents a case study of breastfeeding practices within a Tzeltal Indigenous community, examining the embodied, co-participatory, and situated dimensions of maternal care. Using qualitative methods and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis within the ‘Operational Research Group and Participatory Inquiry´ framework. A total of 19 Tzeltal-speaking mothers who were breastfeeding their children participated in the study, conducted on November 12, 2024, in the Tzeltal community of San Juan Cancuc, Chiapas. Data were collected through group sessions documented with field notes and audio recordings. The material was analyzed using conventional content analysis with emergent coding, grounding interpretations in participants’ lived, embodied, affective, communal, and contextual breastfeeding experiences, allowing categories to be inductively generated from participants’ narratives. The findings highlight that breastfeeding practices within a Tzeltal Indigenous community are not merely an individual act but a deeply relational, embodied and communitarian experience shaped by sociocultural, cosmogonic and spatial-contextual factors. This qualitative study, grounded in an intercultural perspective and centered on Indigenous mothers’ breastfeeding experiences, advocates for a more nuanced, interculturally oriented approach to breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support -one that recognizes the affective, embodied, and collective dimensions of maternal care. By attending to local beliefs, cosmogonies, and shared practices surrounding traditional breastfeeding, the study offers crucial insights that contribute to advancing reproductive justice for women, infants, and their communities, while underscoring the importance of intercultural strategies in the design and implementation of breastfeeding policies in a pluricultural country such as Mexico.
24. Food packaging: identifying the socio-economic drivers and reduction opportunities through system dynamics modelling.
期刊: Globalization and health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
25. Mapping the subjective importance of the topic 'parenthood' for parents with substance use disorder in inpatient rehabilitative care - an explorative qualitative study in Germany.
期刊: Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
26. Comparison of shear bond strength of new and rebonded ceramic brackets with and without hydrofluoric acid conditioning: an in vitro study.
期刊: BMC oral health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Predictors of long-term maintenance of changes in fruit and vegetables intake: a longitudinal analysis within a randomized controlled community trial.
期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Individual characteristics can be associated with maintaining adequate FV intake over time. Thus, we aimed to identify factors associated with maintaining changes in fruit/vegetable (FV) intake at 48 months. Longitudinal analysis of data from a randomized trial carried out in a health promotion service, including individuals with positive changes in FV intake after intervention. FV intake was assessed at 48 months, compared to 12 months to identify whether maintenance was associated with demographics, health data, stages of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance, using multivariate regression. We included 2,232 participants, 88.4% were women, 46.6% were maintainers at 48 months. Maintainers were older, had lower schooling and baseline FV intake, had been in the service for longer, and increased FV intake between 12 and 48 months while non-maintainers decreased it. Being older or in the service for 36 + months were associated with 1% and 30% higher odds of maintenance; higher baseline FV intake and self-efficacy were associated with 1% and 2% lower odds of maintenance. Maintenance of changes in FV intake was associated with higher age, a longer time in the service, and lower baseline FV intake and self-efficacy. Health promotion services should aim for participant retention, and interventionists should pay attention to participants who might face more barriers for maintenance. RBR-9h7ckx. Date of registration: August 12, 2015.
28. How do Italian adolescents see themselves? Body weight congruence and its determinants in the 2021/2022 HBSC study.
期刊: Italian journal of pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
29. Effectiveness of VR and traditional training in medical education for mass casualty management: an OSCE-based randomized controlled trial.
期刊: BMC medical education 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
30. Facilitators and barriers to physical activity among older adults in Karachi - a qualitative exploratory study.
期刊: BMC geriatrics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
31. The longitudinal relationships between Internet adaptability and usage behavior on AI-driven healthcare platforms: A cross-lagged panel network analysis.
期刊: Acta psychologica 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Internet adaptability on artificial intelligence (AI) healthcare platforms is a key factor influencing users’ continued usage and the effectiveness of platform outcomes. It has emerged as a major challenge in the era of digital healthcare transformation. However, it remains unclear to what extent users’ Internet adaptability and platform usage behaviors interact, predict each other, and sustain a dynamic pattern of co-evolution. Therefore, this study employed cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis with a multi-wave longitudinal design to uncover the network structure and dynamic interaction mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of users’ network adaptability and usage behaviors on AI-driven healthcare platforms. The results show that (1) In the cross-sectional network, there was a relatively dispersed structure during the early stage. As user experience accumulated, the network became increasingly centralized around a few core pathways, with self-efficacy and disease prevention emerging as key nodes. (2) According to the CLPN analysis, network adaptability factors (such as information protection, learning ability, and self-control) significantly promoted later usage behavior on AI-driven healthcare platforms (particularly self-diagnosis and disease prevention), forming a causal chain from adaptation to usage. (3) There are gender differences in the predictive effects of various dimensions of Internet adaptability on platform usage behaviors. Female users tend to adopt a socially oriented and holistic approach to health information processing, whereas male users are more inclined towards a tool-oriented and functional usage pattern. Interpreting user behavior evolution in intelligent healthcare environments, this research provides theoretical insights for the personalized design and precision service of AI-driven healthcare platforms.
32. Patient experience of peripheral intravenous catheters: A post-discharge online survey.
期刊: Infection, disease & health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
33. Approach to the Patient with Thyroid Storm.
期刊: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Thyroid storm, or thyrotoxic crisis, is rare but life-threatening hypermetabolic state arising from severe thyrotoxicosis with a high risk of multiorgan failure. It typically occurs in individuals with untreated or poorly controlled hyperthyroidism, most often Graves’ disease, though various other disorders may also precipitate it. Common triggers include infection, surgery, trauma, abrupt discontinuation of antithyroid medication, severe emotional or physical stress, and iodine exposure. Clinical manifestations involve hyperthermia, tachyarrhythmia, cardiac and respiratory failure, and hepatic dysfunction. Neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as agitation, confusion, delirium, vomiting, diarrhea, and profuse sweating, are frequent. Diagnosis is clinical rather than biochemical, and scoring systems are used to support the diagnosis. Thyroid storm is more common in females, with an incidence of approximately 0.2-1.1 per 100,000 in the general population and 4.8-6.3 per 100,000 among hospitalized patients. Without rapid intervention, mortality remains high (5-25%), primarily due to cardiovascular collapse or multiorgan dysfunction. Management requires immediate supportive therapy, including cardiovascular stabilization, respiratory support, and temperature control, along with identification and treatment of precipitating factors. Pharmacologic therapy involves antithyroid agents to block thyroid hormone synthesis, beta blockers to counteract adrenergic effects, corticosteroids to reduce peripheral conversion and support adrenal function, and, when appropriate, iodine administration after thionamides. Early recognition and intensive management are crucial to prevent fatal outcomes, highlighting the need for vigilance in patients with severe thyrotoxicosis or decompensated hyperthyroidism.
34. Screening of antiviral activity in freshwater and marine microalgae: Inactivation capacity over enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
期刊: Journal of environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
New viruses are one of the major health challenges that human society is facing during this century. One of the most promising solutions is searching for natural organisms or molecules with antiviral capacity, with emerging microalgae as a promising solution in recent years. Thus, in this work, the antiviral capacity of ten species of freshwater and marine microalgae was tested against three enveloped and non-enveloped bacteriophages (PhiX174, MS2 and Phi6), showing inhibition efficiencies ranging from 40 to 80% compared with control infections. Moreover, the PCA analysis revealed the influence of the microalgal cell wall on the different bacteriophages’ inactivation capacity. Finally, the inactivation of the three bacteriophages in liquid cultures was studied using the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Thalassiosira weissflogii. These microalgae inactivated 99.999% of the MS2 and Phi6, and 99.9% of PhiX174 after 72 h of cultivation, respectively. Additionally, T90 values ranging from 7 to 12 h for PhiX174, 3 to 12 h for MS2 and 2.5 to 3 h for Phi6 were achieved by the two tested microalgae. These results highlight the potential of microalgae for the inactivation of viruses in wastewaters and as an outstanding source of antivirals.
35. Impact of carbon-based fibers morphologies on their carcinogenic potential.
期刊: Particle and fibre toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Carbon based fibers are considered to exhibit a carcinogenic potency when inhaled into the deep lung. Mesotheliomas develop after intraperitoneal application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exceeding a diameter of about 37 nm, whereas carcinogenic potency decreases for diameters below this threshold. While large MWCNT diameters are associated with a rigid fiber geometry, this study examined the effects of MWCNTs with smaller diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm. Also, a sample of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibiting single fiber diameters significantly below 10 nm and showing a flexible geometry was included since individual SWCNT fibers can aggregate to form bundles that exhibit increased rigidity. Additionally, the carcinogenic effect of pitch-based carbon fiber fragments was investigated. Carbon fibers are industrially produced with diameters larger than 4 µm and are thus not per se respirable. However, pitch-based fibers tend to break along their longitudinal axis, resulting in respirable fragments, partially of critical WHO dimensions. Four CNT samples with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 30 nm, 20 nm, 10 nm, and smaller than 10 nm, as well as one fragmented carbon fiber sample (GMD 1.3 µm) were intraperitoneally injected into rats in two dosages (0.1 × 109 and 1 × 109 WHO fibers or WHO-analog nanofibers) and observed for up to 24 months. A long amosite asbestos (GMD 0.37 µm) with known fiber-specific carcinogenic effect served as a positive control (0.1 × 109 WHO fibers). A small number of mesotheliomas occurred in all fiber types, but not at all dosages. For the carbon fiber material, a possible weak carcinogenic potency is seen at the higher dosage. For the SWCNT fiber, low number of mesotheliomas likewise suggest a weak carcinogenic potency. In the case of the MWCNT fiber with a GMD of 30 nm, very low number of mesotheliomas indicate a possible very weak carcinogenic potency. No clear carcinogenic potency was observed for the MWCNTs with GMDs of 20 nm and 10 nm. Carbon fiber fragments and thin but bundled MWCNTs showed weak carcinogenic potency. Non-bundled MWCNTs with a diameter below 30 nm did not show clearcarcinogenic potency at a dose up to 1 × 109 WHO-analog nanofibers.
36. A nationwide cross-sectional survey on factors affecting turnover intention among hospital pharmacists.
期刊: Human resources for health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hospital pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications, thereby supporting the quality of care and the resilience of health systems. Identifying the factors influencing turnover intention among hospital pharmacists and implementing strategies to maintain an appropriate talent pool can contribute to strengthening public health and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing turnover intention among hospital pharmacists in South Korea and provide implications for strategies to support pharmacist retention. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2024 with 592 full-time pharmacists employed in tertiary and general hospitals using proportional stratified sampling by hospital type and region, representing 16.0% of the pharmacists working in these hospitals. The questionnaire incorporated items from Mitchell’s Job Embeddedness theory, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, and Singh’s turnover intention scale, and underwent expert content validation and exploratory factor analysis. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with turnover intention after adjusting for key demographic and institutional characteristics. Among the 592 respondents, 255 (43.1%) had high turnover intention, with shorter employment durations associated with higher turnover intention scores. Within job embeddedness, factors significantly reducing turnover intention included fit to organization_task, organization-related sacrifice_direct, link to organization_task, and link to community_transverse. Within job stress, the factors that significantly increased turnover intention were lack of rewards, job demand_density, and organizational system_fairness. The identified associations were consistent across both linear and logistic regression models, supporting the robustness of the findings. To retain skilled professionals, hospitals should improve their reward structures, foster a culture of fairness, and provide targeted support to junior pharmacists. Improving role fit in task assignments may help reduce turnover risk and enhance workforce stability.
37. Nationwide analysis of demographic and socioeconomic inequities in air pollution exposure in Korea, 2006-2019.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
38. Accessible assessment of motor and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease: integrating large datasets, machine-learning, and videoconferencing.
期刊: NPJ digital medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
In-person motor and cognitive assessments for Parkinson’s disease(PD) face accessibility, scalability, and geographical diversity challenges. We aimed to address these by integrating large datasets, machine learning (ML), and videoconferencing. We developed the Motor and Cognitive Videoconference(MaC-VC) protocol, allowing non-experts to remotely administer the MDS-UPDRS III and MoCA tests. In this cross-sectional study, we administered MaC-VC to 145 participants from 60+ geographical locations and compared the results with a large (n = 1264), expert-rated, in-person assessments from the PPMI dataset. The abridged, online-feasible MDS-UPDRS III accounted for 95% of the variance in complete MDS-UPDRS III scores. When comparing early-versus-advanced PD in each dataset (In-Person/Online), we observed consistent significant trends in four measures: MDS-UPDRS-III, MoCA, disease-duration, and sex. Using a bidirectional cross-dataset-validation technique, ML classifiers yielded high classification performance both within-dataset and between-datasets(AUCs>0.9), demonstrating predictive power across diverse populations. These findings support the feasibility and generalizability of MaC-VC, paving the path for accessibility, scalability, and geographical diversity in PD assessments.
39. Regulation of chemicals demands assessment of risks rather than identification of hazards only.
期刊: Archives of toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
This position paper was collaboratively written during the international expert symposium “EU Chemicals Assessment - Risk- or Hazard-based?” that was organised by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin on November 27th and 28th 2025. Twenty experts from several institutions and European countries considered the scientific merits of both hazard-based and risk-based approaches to chemical safety assessment. While hazard information is essential, it does not reflect real-world exposure conditions that determine the likelihood of harm. On balance, we support a risk-based approach because it enables more proportionate, transparent and scientifically grounded regulatory decisions.
40. The effect of an artificial intelligence- supported screen-based simulation on breast self-examination in nursing students: A sequential mixed-methods study.
期刊: Nurse education in practice 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-supported simulation in improving nursing students’ breast self-examination (BSE) skills and to examine in-depth the experiences of students who received BSE training with artificial intelligence-supported simulation. The integration of active learning and artificial intelligence is gaining importance in nursing education. To better equip nursing students with BSE competencies, this study uses an AI-supported simulation environment as an innovative and interactive educational approach. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. The study was carried out in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences at a public university in northwestern Turkey during the 2024-2025 spring semester. We collected quantitative data on skill scores, satisfaction and cognitive load from an artificial intelligence -simulation group and a standard-training group, followed by qualitative interviews to explain the quantitative results. Quantitative results showed no significant difference in BSE skill scores between groups. However, the artificial intelligence-simulation group reported significantly higher satisfaction and lower cognitive load. Qualitative findings revealed that while students initially experienced performance anxiety, this was alleviated by the simulation’s interactive nature. The immediate feedback and repeatable practice boosted confidence and communication skills, transforming initial stress into a productive learning experience. Although the artificial intelligence simulation did not lead to superior skill acquisition, it was highly effective in enhancing the learning experience by increasing satisfaction, reducing cognitive load and building confidence. artificial intelligence -supported simulation represents a valuable, innovative tool for nursing education.
41. Health risk and disease burden of pork-derived nontyphoidal Salmonella in Chinese households: A quantitative microbiological risk assessment.
期刊: International journal of food microbiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) represents a significant public health concern. However, the health risks associated with pork consumption in China have not been adequately characterized, particularly within household settings. This study aimed to develop a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) model that integrates consumers’ food handling practices and multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles of NTS to assess the health risks and disease burden, expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), associated with pork-derived NTS exposure in Chinese households. With 17.6% of pork consumption posing a foodborne risk, the QMRA models predicted a substantial annual incidence of 3.56 million (95% CI: 3.36-3.76) of pork-derived salmonellosis cases in China. Cross-contamination accounted for 77.2% of total cases, representing a 3.4-fold higher risk compared with undercooking. The total disease burden was estimated at 16,597 DALYs (95% CI: 15,627-17,567), with MDR-NTS strains accounting for 91.8% of the total burden. Scenario analysis showed that reducing initial contamination prevalence yielded the greatest marginal reduction in disease burden, while combined interventions at the production and consumption stages could reduce the burden by up to 80%. This study presents an evidence-based, bottom-up risk assessment framework for NTS associated with household pork consumption in China, highlighting the need for strengthened food safety regulations and more effective consumer-targeted interventions.
42. Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the shared road to cervical cancer elimination.
期刊: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
43. Heavy and trace metals toxicity implications in the breakdown of cellular homeostasis: A risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
期刊: Autoimmunity reviews 发表日期: 2026-Feb-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
Occupational and environmental exposure to heavy and trace metals is increasingly implicated in cellular dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While trace metals such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are essential for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, excessive or imbalanced exposure can disrupt physiological homeostasis. In contrast, exposure to heavy metals including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) poses significant risks to joint health and has been increasingly associated with progressive joint tissue deterioration. Accumulating evidence indicates that metal-induced toxicity disrupts cellular homeostasis by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and impairing key cellular processes, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, heavy metals may interfere with the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular integrity and immune balance. This review underscores the importance of understanding the complex interactions between heavy and trace metal exposure and their roles in cellular dysfunction and joint tissue degeneration. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced toxicity is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and effective preventive interventions aimed at mitigating RA progression.
44. Toxicological Effects of PM2.5-derived and PM2.5-relevant Mixture of Chlorinated Paraffins on A549/THP-1 Co-culture Cells.
期刊: Toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-05 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixture of chlorinated straight-chain hydrocarbons, including short-, medium-, and long-chain CPs (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs), to which humans are exposed environmentally. Although PM2.5-bound CPs were positively associated with asthma and related symptoms, the toxicological effects of CPs on the respiratory system remain limitedly understood. CPs were extracted from PM2.5 samples collected in three cities in southern China, representing distinct SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs profiles. The A549/THP-1 co-culture cells, an in vitro respiratory model, were exposed to PM2.5-derived extracts containing CPs (CP extract). The gradient was established according to the extract dosage calibrated based on its quantified SCCP content with environmentally relevant concentrations. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, cell cycle distribution, and genotoxicity were assessed. CP extracts reduced cell viability, increased pro-inflammatory factors concentrations, induced cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. Furthermore, CP mixtures were prepared using standards to simulate PM2.5-relevant compositions. But the results showed weak toxicological effects of CP mixtures, suggesting CPs play a relatively weak role or CPs exhibit toxicological effects through alternative pathways. Interesting, varying compositional ratios of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs may induce different cytotoxic effects. These findings provide in vitro evidence for explaining adverse effects of PM2.5-bound CPs on A549/THP-1 cells. More research is needed to clarify the respiratory toxicological effects of CPs.
45. Evaluation of outcome measures for assessing problematic pornography use: A COSMIN systematic review of measurement properties.
期刊: Clinical psychology review 发表日期: 2026-Feb-04 链接: PubMed
摘要
Problematic Pornography Use (PPU) is an increasingly recognized public health concern, with increasing evidence of its potential adverse consequences for individuals’ psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning. Accurate assessment of PPU is therefore essential for effective screening, diagnosis, and intervention. However, the field is characterized by a proliferation of outcome measures (OMs) with diverse theoretical foundations, inconsistent definitions, and limited cross-population validation. This systematic review was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251008765) and followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Version 2.0 guidelines to identify, evaluate, and compare OMs used to assess PPU, as well as to offer recommendations for selecting appropriate OMs in research and clinical settings. A comprehensive search was conducted across four databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycInfo) from database inception to February 28, 2025, with an additional supplementary search conducted on October 19, 2025. A total of 47 studies reporting on 24 OMs were included. While structural validity and internal consistency were frequently assessed, content validity, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and responsiveness were infrequently reported for most OMs. No single OM can be unequivocally recommended as the most appropriate instrument for assessing PPU in either clinical or research settings. Based on measurement property ratings and the overall quality of evidence, 19 OMs received Class-C recommendations, among which four OMs were considered the most promising (including the Problematic Pornography Use Scale, Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale [PPCS], PPCS-6, and Brief Pornography Screen). Overall, these promising Class-C OMs may tentatively serve as valid and reliable tools for assessing PPU in clinical and research contexts, thereby providing a valuable resource for improving PPU assessment and informing evidence-based practice. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted to comprehensively validate the measurement properties of existing OMs. In addition, the findings underscore the importance of theory-driven and methodologically rigorous validation studies, as well as stricter adherence to COSMIN standards, to enhance consistency and comparability across studies.
46. Information needs of adult childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS): A systematic review.
期刊: Patient education and counseling 发表日期: 2026-Feb-03 链接: PubMed
摘要
Childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) often report cancer-related knowledge gaps. Addressing their information needs is associated with better quality of life. We aimed to explore and synthesize evidence on CAYACS’ cancer-related information needs and identify associated characteristics. Peer-reviewed articles on information needs in adult CAYACS ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis were systematically searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The quality of included publications was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and results were narratively synthesized. Twenty-one studies (n = 10 quantitative, n = 8 qualitative, n = 3 mixed-methods) with a total of 5624 participants (range: 14-1386 per study) were included. Between 51 % and 77 % of CAYACS had at least one information need. Needs were reported across 11 domains, including cancer-related health information (2 %-86 %), follow-up care and prevention (2 %-91 %), healthcare system interactions (9 %-36 %), living a healthy lifestyle (4 %-60 %), psychosocial well-being and support (12 %-40 %), sexual health (<1 %-32 %), finances (2 %-50 %), relationships (2 %-20 %), education and employment (<1 %-18 %), insurances (28 %-47 %), and peer support (7 %-35 %). The highest prevalences were observed in follow-up discussions on current health (92 %) and late effects (19 %-86 %). Female sex, older age at study, lower educational attainment, poorer mental and physical health, longer time since diagnosis/treatment, central nervous system tumor diagnosis, and lack of written information were associated with more information needs. Adult CAYACS report significant information needs years after treatment, particularly regarding cancer-related health information, follow-up care and prevention, and lifestyle. Addressing these needs with age-appropriate, individualized information may improve their quality of life. Electronic and mobile health tools are promising methods to provide such support.
47. Early postoperative pain and opioid use after liver surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
期刊: The Journal of international medical research 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundPostoperative pain following liver resection remains a clinical challenge, and the optimal analgesic strategy is still debated.ObjectiveTo determine whether a single intrathecal morphine injection provides superior analgesia and opioid-sparing effects compared with conventional systemic or regional techniques in adult patients undergoing liver surgery.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science citation index, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2025 for randomized controlled trials comparing intrathecal morphine with alternative analgesic regimens in liver resection. The primary outcome was pain intensity at rest 24 h after surgery (standardized mean difference). Secondary outcomes included pain intensity at 48 and 72 h and cumulative opioid consumption within 24 h postoperatively. Random-effects meta-analyses and I² statistics were used to assess pooled effects and heterogeneity.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials (n = 535) met the inclusion criteria. Intrathecal morphine reduced 24-h postoperative pain scores with a moderate effect (standardized mean difference = -0.64; 95% confidence interval: -0.84 to -0.44; p < 0.001; I2 = 55%) and decreased 24-h opioid consumption by 11.6 mg morphine equivalents (95% confidence interval: -19.3 to -3.9 mg; p = 0.003; I2 = 96%). Differences in pain intensity at 48 and 72 h were not statistically significant. Adverse-event profiles were comparable between groups.ConclusionA single dose of intrathecal morphine provides clinically meaningful early analgesia and opioid-sparing benefits after liver resection without increasing adverse events. Incorporating intrathecal morphine into multimodal analgesic protocols may accelerate recovery; however, further high-quality trials are warranted to refine dosing and identify optimal patient selection.
48. Safety profile of progesterone: Insights from an FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)-based pharmacovigilance study.
期刊: The Journal of international medical research 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of progesterone by analyzing adverse event data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between 2004 and 2024.Materials and methodsThis retrospective, observational pharmacovigilance study was based on data from the FAERS database. A total of 1827 adverse event reports associated with progesterone were retrieved. Disproportionality analysis methods, including the reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker, were used to evaluate the frequency, signal strength, and time-to-onset of adverse events.ResultsAmong 24,589,239 adverse event reports in the reporting system, 1827 were associated with progesterone, covering 22 system organ classes and 152 preferred terms. The most frequently reported preferred terms were maternal exposure during pregnancy (151 cases), spontaneous abortion (144 cases), and abnormal product odor (114 cases). The top three preferred terms showing the strongest signals were decidual cast (reporting odds ratio: 2825.23), chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (reporting odds ratio: 3897.61), and autoimmune dermatitis (reporting odds ratio: 1519.29). Most adverse events occurred within 30 to 180 days after exposure. Newly identified preferred terms associated with progesterone included acute eosinophilic pneumonia, meningioma, and autoimmune dermatitis.ConclusionsThis study identified notable safety concerns associated with progesterone use and detected several rare adverse events. These findings underscore the need for continued monitoring, updated prescribing guidelines, and further investigation into progesterone formulations and adverse event mechanisms.
49. Associations between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and albuminuria: A cross-sectional study.
期刊: The Journal of international medical research 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Background and objectiveAlbuminuria is a critical early warning marker for the development of chronic kidney disease. The neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) has been identified as a novel biomarker for the assessment of both inflammatory status and lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to explore the association between NHR and albuminuria.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2017 and 2020. In total, 7772 eligible adult participants were included. Multivariate logistic regression models, threshold effect analysis, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to analyze the association between NHR and albuminuria.ResultsWe found a notable positive association between the NHR and the likelihood of albuminuria. In fully adjusted models, each unit rise in the NHR was associated with a 1.13-fold higher likelihood of albuminuria (1.13 (1.09-1.18)). When classified according to quartiles, participants in the highest NHR quartile had a markedly elevated likelihood of albuminuria compared with those in the lowest quartile (2.01 (1.59-2.53)). The smooth curve analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship, with a threshold at 4.58. In subgroup analyses, the positive association between NHR and albuminuria differed significantly across race categories (interaction test p = 0.0166).ConclusionAn increased level of NHR was significantly associated with an elevated odds ratio for the occurrence of albuminuria in our study. NHR may be an efficacious biomarker for the assessment of albuminuria risk, and future studies should further investigate its predictive value.
50. Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology in Japan to Estimate the Prevalence of Substance Use Including Methamphetamine and Ephedrine.
期刊: Chemistry, an Asian journal 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Estimating substance use in Japan traditionally depends on police seizure records and national self-reporting surveys, which face substantial challenges due to social stigma. This study applies wastewater-based epidemiology to overcome these challenges of monitoring illicit drug and legal stimulant use in a Japanese metropolitan area serving ∼1.8 million residents. Influent wastewater samples collected over 4 weeks in 2021 were analyzed for 29 substances. Methamphetamine was the only illicit drug consistently detected (consumption at 17.0 ± 5.1 mg/day/1000 people), reflecting its prevalence in Japan’s drug scene and aligning with patterns in other East Asian countries. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, known precursors of methamphetamine were detected at high levels, suggesting their common use in legal medicines. Nicotine and methamphetamine consumption remained stable across weekdays and weekends. Higher ephedrine consumption during the lockdown period likely resulted from increased use of Kampo medicines to manage COVID-19 symptoms. This study provides the first objective evidence of population-level methamphetamine use in a large urban catchment of Japan, which is relatively low compared to other countries. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of wastewater analysis as a complementary surveillance approach to the existing system, enabling more responsive and evidence-based drug policy.
51. Reply to "Association of Asthma and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Conundrum Still Unsolved".
期刊: The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
52. General practitioners' experiences of voluntary assisted dying in Queensland.
期刊: Australian journal of general practice 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Voluntary assisted dying (VAD) is lawful in all Australian states, and doctors are an integral part of the VAD process. There are limited reports so far on general practitioners’ (GPs’) experiences with VAD. This study explores GPs’ perspectives on the first year of VAD in Queensland and any factors that influence choices on whether to participate in VAD. This was a qualitative interview study of 12 GPs with no in-principle objection to VAD, undertaken 1 year after VAD became available in Queensland. RESULTS: Thematic analysis identified four themes: nature of GPs’ participation, various factors influencing participation, experience of GPs with VAD provision and the ongoing needs of GPs. This study highlights how GPs are well suited to VAD provision with their generalist approach to care. However, there are ongoing structural and logistical barriers to GP participation, including the need for appropriate remuneration and further education on VAD to support GP knowledge.
53. The role of general practitioners in managing patient participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program: A qualitative study.
期刊: Australian journal of general practice 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) targets early detection through immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) screening of eligible individuals. This study examined Western Australian general practitioner (GP) follow-up processes of patients returning positive iFOBTs through the NBCSP. METHOD: The study reports on qualitative descriptive findings from round one key informant interviews of a two-round Delphi study. RESULTS: Sixteen GP interviews were undertaken for the study. Analysis indicated patient contact comprised a non-urgent appointment within two weeks. Three themes were identified. All consenting NBCSP participants with a positive screen were referred for colonoscopy unless comorbidities or procedural risk were present. Inefficiencies occurred in the interfaces between general practice-based clinical software, the NBCSP and the National Cancer Screening Register. The GP-patient relationship played a part in facilitating NBCSP participation. Conclusion GP participants regarded the NBCSP as beneficial but highlighted inefficiencies in tracking patients, referring them for colonoscopies and registering their screening data.
54. Violence During Pregnancy, Prevalence of Antenatal Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among Women Experiencing Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study.
期刊: Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Violence during pregnancy is a significant public health concern, which is associated with different psychological consequences-including depression and suicidal ideation. Although several qualitative studies have been conducted, limited data are available on its prevalence during pregnancy and associated depression and suicidal ideation in Bangladesh. This study identifies the prevalence of violence against pregnant women and depression and suicidal ideation among affected individuals in rural Bangladesh. Our study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data, collected in a rural southern subdistrict in Bangladesh using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The prevalence of domestic violence (DV), lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV), and IPV during pregnancy were 5.9% (n = 21; 95% CI: 3.7-8.9), 5.4% (n = 19; 95% CI: 3.3-8.3), and 9.9% (n = 35; 95% CI: 7.0-13.5), respectively. Among women exposed to DV, 66.7% (n = 14; 95% CI: 42.6-84.3) reported antenatal depression. Similarly, 68.4% (n = 13; 95% CI: 42.7-86.3) of those with a history of lifetime IPV and 42.9% (n = 15; 95% CI: 27.1-60.3) of those experiencing IPV during pregnancy had depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation was present in 14.3% (n = 3; 95% CI: 4.2-38.7) of DV victims, 5.3% (n = 1; 95% CI: 0.6-33.8) of lifetime IPV victims, and 5.7% (n = 2; 95% CI: 1.3-21.4) of those experiencing IPV during their current pregnancies. The concerning prevalence of violence and associated mental health issues during pregnancy demands urgent targeted interventions, including policy reforms, health education, and community awareness initiatives.
55. A summary of the first Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion and persisting post-concussion symptoms.
期刊: Australian journal of general practice 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and concussion are important healthcare issues, with ongoing and persisting symptoms significantly affecting a person’s quality of life. Management is often challenging. Using a case study example, this article outlines key updates and practical guidance for assessment and management of mTBI/concussion, informed by the newly developed Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) mTBI and concussion clinical practice guideline. The ‘Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion and persisting post-concussion symptoms in adults and children’ is the first guideline to address the full scope of mTBI/concussion management across diverse ANZ populations. It provides general practitioners and other clinicians with practical, evidence-based recommendations for assessing and managing mTBI and persisting symptoms across all ages. Developed through multidisciplinary and consumer collaboration, it aims to promote consistent, high-quality care and reduce practice variation across healthcare settings.
56. Supporting return to study and return to work in the patient with persistent post-concussion symptoms: A biopsychosocial approach.
期刊: Australian journal of general practice 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Concussion, or mild uncomplicated traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a common condition that can occur in sports, motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults/violence and occupational settings. While symptom resolution is usually expected within 2-4 weeks, a minority of patients (up to 30%) experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) that impact cognitive, physical and emotional functioning. These prolonged symptoms can interfere with a patient’s ability to return to school or work, creating uncertainty for patients, employers and treating practitioners. This article provides an evidence-based clinical approach to supporting return to learning and return to work in patients with PPCS, with a focus on the general practice setting. The general practitioner (GP) has a key role in recognising PPCS, educating patients/families, facilitating a stepwise return to cognitive and vocational activity and coordinating multidisciplinary care. This article outlines current return-to-study and return-to-work recommendations, age- and context-specific considerations, guidance on certification, communication with schools and employers and criteria for specialist referral. A biopsychosocial model is emphasised, recognising the interplay between physical symptoms, psychological responses and environmental demands in recovery from concussion.
57. Peripheral retinal lesions in highly myopic children: prevalence, types and biometric correlates.
期刊: The British journal of ophthalmology 发表日期: 2025-Dec-07 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate prevalence, types and biometric predictors of peripheral retinal lesions in highly myopic children. Retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary centre. Participants were aged 4-17 years with high myopia (≤-4.00 dioptres (D) at 4-6 years; ≤-6.00 D at 7-17 years). Peripheral retina was assessed by ultra-widefield imaging (UWF) and/or documented dilated ophthalmoscopy. We analysed 160 eyes from 89 children (mean age 10.4±3.8 years; mean spherical equivalent -9.95±3.59 D; mean axial length (AL) 26.68±1.82 mm). Peripheral lesions were present in 87/160 eyes (54.4%), more frequent in 7-17-year-olds than in 4-6-year-olds (59.4% vs 34.4%) (p<0.05). Among affected eyes, 50/87 (57%) had a single lesion and 37/87 (43%) multiple; multiplicity increased with age (p<0.001). The most frequent lesions were dark without pressure (46/160; 28.7%), white without pressure (32/160; 20.0%), snail-track degeneration (15/160; 9.4%), microcystoid degeneration (11/160; 6.9%) and lattice degeneration (10/160; 6.3%). In multivariate models, AL was the strongest independent predictor of both lesion prevalence (OR=1.45; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.03; p=0.021) and multiplicity (OR=2.17; 95% CI 1.53 to 3.07; p<0.001). Model-derived lesion probability reached 50% at AL 26.2 mm and 80% at 29.4 mm. Peripheral retinal lesions are common in paediatric high myopia and related strongly to AL. Early peripheral retinal assessment using UWF imaging or thorough dilated examination may enhance risk stratification and surveillance.
58. Synergistic effect of transfer of blastocyst and embryo vitrification on birth weight: a retrospective cohort study.
期刊: Reproductive biomedicine online 发表日期: 2025-Oct-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Does the synergistic interaction between blastocyst-stage embryo transfer and vitrification in assisted reproductive technology increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, specifically elevated birth weight z-scores and a higher incidence of clinically concerning large for gestational age (LGA) or macrosomia in offspring? In this cohort study, multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between embryo transfer strategies (fresh versus frozen; cleavage versus blastocyst stage) and the birth weight z-score of singletons, as well as the incidence of LGA and macrosomia among 42,190 singleton live births from the Center for Reproductive Medicine at Peking University Third Hospital between 2012 and 2022. Compared with cleavage-stage embryo transfer, newborns resulting from blastocyst-stage transfers had significantly higher birth weight z-scores (P < 0.001), LGA (P < 0.001) and macrosomia (P = 0.013). Frozen embryo transfer (only vitrified-warmed) was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (P = 0.001), LGA (P = 0.004) and macrosomia (P = 0.007), compared with fresh embryo transfers. A significant synergetic effect of blastocyst transfer and vitrified-warmed transfer concerning the LGA was found (relative excess risks due to interaction = 0.24; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.42; P = 0.022 for multiplicative interaction term) on the additive and multiplicative scales. Blastocyst stage and embryo vitrification were associated with elevated birth weight z-scores and an increased likelihood of LGA, with evidence of a synergistic effect. These findings support the importance of personalized clinical decision-making in the use of vitrified-warmed cleavage-stage transfer, particularly in the absence of clear medical indications.