公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-02-16)
共收录 58 篇研究文章
1. Reproductive and Perinatal Outcomes of Embryo Transfer in Elite Hanwoo Cows.
期刊: Veterinary medicine and science 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Veterinarians should be vigilant in limiting embryonic, foetal and neonatal losses through appropriate reproductive programs and management strategies following natural mating and artificial insemination, especially after embryo transfer (ET) procedures, due to their high associated costs in Elite Hanwoo breeding programs. To establish a breeding population of Hanwoo cows with top 1% genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for carcass weight and compare reproductive outcomes between OPU-IVF and MOET. Elite donor cows were assigned to either OPU-IVF or MOET groups, and the resulting embryos were transferred to synchronized recipient cows. Pregnancy rate, calving success, abortion, birth weight, sex ratio and dystocia were evaluated. The MOET group showed 100% calving success with no abortions; the OPU group had a 68.2% calving rate and 31.8% abortion rate. The sex ratio of the resulting offspring was similar between the groups, with female calves accounting for 37.5%-40.0% and male calves for 60.0%-62.5% of total calves. While the mean birth weights of female calves did not significantly differ between the groups (32.0-32.8 kg), male calves from the OPU group exhibited a significantly higher average birth weight (36.9 kg) than those from the MOET group, with a mean difference of 4.9 kg (p < 0.05). Spontaneous calving was more frequent in MOET (62.5%), while induced parturition was common in OPU (56.7%). Dystocia incidence was higher in OPU, especially with early induction. OPU-IVF was linked to higher abortion and dystocia risks, while MOET showed more favourable calving outcomes. Appropriate embryo production strategy and careful periparturient management are crucial for successful Hanwoo reproduction.
2. Performance, Body Development, and Diarrhoea Incidence in Sannen Goat Kids Fed Milk Replacer Supplemented With Bakery Yeast.
期刊: Veterinary medicine and science 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Feeding milk replacer with appropriate probiotics is one possibility to improve the artificial rearing of goat kids. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding milk replacer and its supplementation with bakery yeast on performance, body development, and diarrhoea incidence in Sannen goat kids. Twenty-four sucking kids, with an average BW of 5.45 ± 1.16 kg at the age of 21.8 ± 10.00 days, were distributed in a randomised design. Kids were allocated to 3 treatments (n = 8; 3 males and 5 females): (1) feeding goat milk as a control, (2) feeding a milk replacer formula (MR; 0.125 kg of DM/L), and (3) feeding the milk replacer supplemented with bakery yeast (MRY; 0.5 g/head/day). The amount of milk/milk replacer fed was similar at approximately 1 L/day. During the experiment, the diarrhoea incidence was greater in the MR treatment than in the control (p < 0.05). However, in the MRY group, diarrhoea incidence was higher than that in the control and MR groups during the first 2 weeks, but lower than both groups during weeks 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). The final body weight and average daily gain were significantly lower in the MR and MRY treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.050). The morphological growth parameters were similar between the control and MR treatments but were lower in the MRY treatment than in the control and MR treatments (p < 0.05). Overall, under the conditions of the present experiment, feeding suckling Saanen kids with milk replacer increased the incidence of diarrhoea, and feeding milk replacer and its supplementing with bakery yeast decreased body weight gain.
3. The Role of Companion Animals as 'Sentinels' From the One Health Perspective.
期刊: Veterinary medicine and science 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, are becoming essential members of modern households. They consistently share both indoor and outdoor spaces with their owners, resulting in a substantial overlap in living environments. Although public health concerns associated with companion animals receive considerable attention, their potential role as sentinel species remains underestimated. This role aligns with the One Health concept, which emphasizes the interconnection and mutual influence of human, animal and ecosystem health. In this review, we discuss the sentinel role of companion dogs and cats from environmental hazards and parasitic infections. We also highlight their role in zoonotic diseases, with rabies and vector-borne diseases (VBDs) as examples. We aim to propose new ideas and methodologies to control and prevent these issues.
4. Response to Letter to the Editor: Medical Support to Irregular Warfare: A Systematic Literature Review, 2000-2024.
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
5. Determinants of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight in Italian Adolescents: A Comprehensive Analysis.
期刊: Nutrition reviews 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adolescence, particularly early adolescence (10-14 years), is a crucial period for nutrition due to rapid growth, hormonal changes, and evolving independence in food choices influenced by peers, body image, and family. With regard to Italy, no synthesis of current evidence is available on adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) and determinants in this population. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of studies evaluating MD adherence among early adolescents in Italy. We identified 15 studies: 1 at the national level, 3 from northern Italy, 1 from central Italy, and 10 from southern regions. Regional differences emerged: in northern Italy, high adherence ranges from 15.8% to 28.0% and low adherence from 12.0% to 37.3%; in central Italy, 27.7% show low adherence, 47.8% moderate adherence, and 24.5% high adherence; while in southern Italy, low adherence spans from 18.4% to as high as 71.2%, particularly in Apulia. Weight status was the most frequently studied correlation of adherence, with higher adherence among normal-weight individuals. Positive associations were also seen with physical activity, socioeconomic status, parental educational level and occupation, and rural residence. Less consistently studied factors included gender, sleep, academic performance, screen time, smoking, and psychosocial health. This review highlights the lack of nationally representative data on MD adherence in Italian adolescents aged 10-14 years, with most studies conducted in southern Italy. Regional disparities were evident, suggesting that dietary habits are shaped by a combination of individual, familial, and environmental factors. Targeted, age-specific public health strategies to improve MD adherence among Italian early adolescents are required, particularly to increase physical activity and education on nutrition for both children and parents. Additional research, especially in northern and central Italy, is essential to guide effective interventions in this vulnerable population.
6. Interventions to promote resilience in sexual and gender minority youth in the clinical setting: a scoping review.
期刊: Journal of pediatric psychology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) face significant health disparities, partly explained by minority stress exposure. SGMY may benefit from clinical interventions that boost resilience, a measurable, dynamic process characterized by successful coping with stressors such as minority stress. This scoping review aimed to identify existing literature that describes clinical interventions that promote resilience among SGMY, including studies that support the implementation of interventions, map key concepts related to resilience in clinical settings, highlight existing research gaps, and inform future practice. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Social Services Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched in February of 2024. Studies published since 2010 were included if they assessed resilience or resilience-promoting clinical interventions among SGMY. Of the 5,520 studies retrieved, six met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included screeners, single-session interventions, and the First Assessment Single-Session Triage model, a nurse-led clinical resilience intervention. Resilience was measured via mental health outcomes and qualities such as self-perception, outlook, and connection. Key resilience-promoting factors included caregiver support, mental health care access, and social and medical transition. Studies highlighted positive impacts on SGMY well-being but also revealed limitations in diversity and generalizability. Despite the growing interest in supporting SGMY, few clinical interventions explicitly target resilience building. Primary care providers and specialists working in primary care settings are well positioned to screen for and support resilience using validated tools, brief interventions, and caregiver engagement. Future research should develop and test inclusive, scalable interventions that address intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental resilience factors.
7. Cross-sectional Comparison of Social Drivers of Health in The Million Veteran Program and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2011-2023).
期刊: Military medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Social drivers of health (SDOH) influence health, but there are few comparisons of SDOH and health among users of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the broader Veteran community to support using SDOH variables in Veteran research. The objectives were to compare SDOH and health status between 2 cohorts of U.S. Veterans who independently participated in research programs that collected similar SDOH and general health information: the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program (MVP) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey data for U.S. Veterans were collected 2011-2023 from MVP (N = 563,973) and BRFSS (N = 684,422) for demographics, health status, geography, education, income, employment, partnership status, household size, and social support. Cohorts were compared using standard mean differences (SMD) and sex-stratified Poisson models adjusting for age, race, and ethnicity. Absolute risk, risk differences, and risk ratios of favorable versus unfavorable SDOH for having better general health were reported. Differences were small (SMD < 0.50) between the cohorts for demographics, general health, and all SDOH, except social support (females SMD: 0.89; males SMD: -0.73). Respective MVP and BRFSS differences for better health between favorable and unfavorable SDOH were significant, but small, for size of household among females, and all SDOH except geography among males. For both cohorts, SDOH risk ratios for better general health were greater than one, except household size among female MVP participants. SDH among two large research programs of U.S. Veterans were similar and indicate that favorable SDOH are protective for general health. Considering social context will be useful in studies to improve understanding of risk, prevention and personalized treatment of disease among Veterans.
8. Multidimensional Factors Associated With Social Isolation Trajectories Among Older Chinese Immigrants.
期刊: Research on aging 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Social isolation is prevalent among older immigrants, yet the multidimensional factors contributing to it remain understudied. Using data from five waves of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 2,835), this study identified social isolation change trajectory patterns over eight years and examined contributing factors across ecological systems. Social isolation was measured by the social disconnectedness index. The multidimensional factors included socio-demographic and health conditions, interpersonal relationships, immigration experiences, and neighborhood characteristics. Latent class growth analysis identified four distinct change trajectories, including “Persistent Low”, “Persistent Medium”, “Persistent High”, and “Increasing” isolation. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that older age, being female, lower social support and social strain, longer U.S. residence, and neighborhood physical disorder predicted greater social isolation. Stronger sense of community and social cohesion unexpectedly heightened the likelihood of “Persistent High” isolation. Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive and multidimensional interventions to address social isolation among older immigrants.
9. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® test among node-negative early breast cancer patients in Japan.
期刊: Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
10. Heterogeneity of Vascular Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effects of CPAP Therapy.
期刊: Annals of the American Thoracic Society 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
There is a critical gap in our understanding of how treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) modulates vascular inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We have shown that the effects of CPAP treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in OSA vary between individuals (heterogeneity of treatment effects [HTE]). In this study, we evaluate HTE on vascular inflammation in OSA patients undergoing CPAP therapy. We recruited adults with moderate-to-severe OSA (respiratory disturbance index, RDI ≥15) who underwent 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) at baseline and after 3 months of CPAP. We measured vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries and aorta, using standardized uptake values (SUV). Carotid SUVmax was the primary outcome. We used multivariable linear regression and linear mixed-effects models to evaluate associations between OSA metrics and vascular inflammation at baseline, and after CPAP. We explored HTE using k-means clustering to identify distinct clusters based on changes in carotid vascular inflammation after CPAP treatment. 180 patients completed baseline imaging, and 135 returned for follow-up. OSA severity and hypoxic burden were significantly associated with vascular inflammation, though this association was attenuated after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. There were no significant changes in vascular inflammation after CPAP. However, significant HTE was observed, with three distinct clusters of patients: those showing a decrease in carotid vascular inflammation (-16.6% [CI -19.8%,-13.3%]), an increase (+24.2% [CI 19.3%, 29.2%]), or no significant change (-1.18% [CI -3.7%, 1.4%]) in inflammation post-CPAP. Patients with no change or an increase in vascular inflammation post-CPAP were more likely to have a history of smoking (P = 0.009) and a higher baseline delta heart rate (P = 0.012) compared to those with a decrease in vascular inflammation post-CPAP. Although CPAP therapy did not uniformly reduce vascular inflammation in OSA patients, there was substantial heterogeneity in treatment responses across participant clusters. Differences in baseline lifestyle and polysomnographic features between these clusters may provide insight into factors driving variability in subclinical cardiovascular disease and treatment outcomes in OSA.
11. Impact of risk adjustment for drug-resistant types on tuberculosis patients' outcomes under China's innovative payment methods: a quasi-experimental study design.
期刊: Infectious diseases of poverty 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is clinically complex and economically burdensome compared to drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB). China’s diagnosis-intervention packet payment system initially omitted risk adjustment for drug resistance. In 2022, a diagnosis-intervention packet (DIP)-pilot city implemented such adjustment, establishing distinct reimbursement standards for DR-TB and DS-TB. This study aimed to assess the impact of this DR-type risk adjustment on medical expenditures, treatment efficiency, and care quality for TB patients. A quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design was employed, involving 8465 TB patients from June 2021 to December 2023. Linear regression was performed with time and treat fixed effects and the interaction term between time and treat. Subgroup analyses for DR-TB and DS-TB patients were conducted. Under the DIP system, risk adjustment led to marginally significant reductions in inpatient expenditure per hospitalization [β = - 151.14, P = 0.065; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference in proportions: - 311.66, 9.38] and in annual total inpatient expenditure per patient (β = - 200.58, P = 0.078, 95% CI - 423.26, 22.10) for all TB patients. It also resulted in significant reductions in inpatient out-of-pocket per hospitalization (β = - 257.51, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 316.20, - 198.81), annual total inpatient out-of-pocket per patient (β = - 266.78, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 342.02, - 191.53), inpatient length of stay per hospitalization (β = - 3.58, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 4.53, - 2.62), and annual total length of stay per patient (β = - 3.21, P < 0.001, 95% CI - 4.50, - 1.92). For DR-TB patients, all outcome measures in expenditures, efficiency, or care quality showed P > 0.1, indicating no significant changes. For DS-TB patients, measures of expenditures and efficiency showed P < 0.1, supporting significant or marginally significant reductions. The DR-type risk adjustment policy under China’s diagnosis-intervention packet system proved effective in optimizing resource use and enhancing efficiency, particularly for DS-TB patients, while preserving care quality for DR-TB patients. These findings demonstrate the value of tailored risk adjustment within payment frameworks for heterogeneous diseases like tuberculosis, providing crucial evidence for optimizing TB care and implementing effective payment reforms in China and similar settings.
12. Impact of Oral Hygiene Instructions in the Resolution of Peri-Implant Mucositis. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: Clinical oral implants research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
To determine whether oral hygiene instructions (OHI) alone can be effective in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PM). A randomized clinical trial with 56 PM patients was conducted. Participants were assigned to OHI (n = 28) or OHI + Mechanical Instrumentation (MI) (n = 28). Clinical [modified bleeding index (mBI), disease resolution] and microbiological parameters were assessed at baseline (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3). Standardized periapical radiographs were taken at T1 and T3. Outcomes were analyzed at patient- and implant-level. 48 patients with 118 implants were analyzed (52 in OHI; 66 in OHI + MI). At T3, success rates were 39.1% (OHI) and 56% (OHI + MI) at the patient level, and 36.4% (OHI) versus 67.3% (OHI + MI) at the implant level. Both groups showed a significant reduction in mBI (p < 0.001). Intergroup differences were not statistically significant, though greater divergence was noted at T3. At the patient level, higher FMPI/FMBI at 3 months predicted lower success (p < 0.05), whereas compliance improved outcomes (OR = 11.4, p = 0.004). At the implant level, failure was associated with OHI-only therapy, non-compliance, and higher mPI (all p = 0.001). History of periodontitis was a negative prognostic factor, linked to higher mBI at T3 (p = 0.010). OHI achieved resolution of PM in a considerable proportion of patients, particularly among compliant individuals. However, a history of periodontitis and posterior implant location negatively influenced outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of patient adherence and implant accessibility, while reaffirming the critical adjunctive role of MI in optimizing therapeutic success.
13. Real-Life Workup of Chronic Hand Eczema Using a Dedicated Case Report Form: A SIDAPA Multicentre Study.
期刊: Contact dermatitis 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a challenging condition with multifactorial pathomechanisms and a wide clinical polymorphism. It is often resistant to treatments. To clinically and etiologically investigate CHE patients using a case report form (CRF) developed for this purpose. A cross-sectional study on adult patients affected by CHE was performed from January 2024 to May 2025 in 10 Italian dermatology clinics. Demographic data, clinical features, disease severity and duration, endogenous/environmental risk factors, patch test results, response to past/current treatments, and burden of disease were recorded in the dedicated CRF and analysed. A total of 207 patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 41.1 ± 15.6 years), 142 (68.6%) females. CHE was moderate-severe in 58.9% of cases, refractory to topical potent corticosteroids in 81.4%. The etiological subtypes were irritant contact dermatitis in 52.7%, allergic contact dermatitis in 24.2%, and atopic dermatitis in 16.9%; clinical subtypes were identified in only 29.0% of patients, the most frequent ones being hyperkeratotic eczema (12.1%) and acute recurrent vesicular eczema (9.7%). The CRF proved to be easy to fill in and useful. An accurate clinical workup can lead to CHE clinical and etiological classification in about 80% of patients and may facilitate tailored treatment strategies.
14. Bridging Perspectives: Young Activists' Stories and Intergenerational Dialogue on Mental Health and Climate Change in Canada.
期刊: Culture, medicine and psychiatry 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study examines climate change-related emotional responses among young adults engaged in climate activism and an intergenerational group of non-activists through an ecofeminist lens, which highlights interconnected oppression within patriarchal societies. The objectives were to understand how environmental decline influences young adults’ climate engagement, thoughts, actions, and behaviors and to describe the emotional and psychological impacts of the climate crisis on both young adults and the intergenerational group. The study comprised two phases: young adult activists created digital stories, and an intergenerational focus group of non-activists viewed these stories and participated in a discussion. Thematic analysis constructed key themes: among activists, youth environmental awareness, psychoterratic syndromes, and activism; among non-activists, climate change perspectives and intergenerational injustice. Both groups expressed concern, anxiety, sadness, and grief, although activists reported experiencing these emotions more frequently and expressed worry about human health. Activists also conveyed hope for climate action, similar to older non-activists, whereas younger non-activists reported feelings of hopelessness and lack of motivation, and older non-activists showed little interest in collective action. Despite emotional burdens, young activists remained hopeful and motivated through collective efforts. Both groups underscored the disproportionate responsibility placed on young people to address climate change, calling for greater support and equitable distribution of responsibility.
15. In Situ Growth of Polyindole within Montmorillonite Interlayer and Subsequent Efficient Destruction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of emerging contaminants frequently detected in the environment and pose serious threats to human health. Previous studies have shown that techniques using hydrated electrons can effectively degrade these compounds. However, such reactions typically necessitate alkaline and anaerobic conditions or involve the use of surfactants. Herein, we introduced a novel approach that utilized indole as the monomer molecule for in situ polymerization within the clay interlayer to generate polyindole. In the system, polyindole could both serve as the precursor to provide hydrated electrons and, with its own organic polymer structure, create a hydrophobic phase to effectively adsorb perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Without the need for surfactants, the “adsorption-concentration-reaction” strategy for PFOA could be realized. At the same time, as the degradation of PFOA by the generated hydrated electrons occurred mainly within the clay layers, the confinement effect could be harnessed to reduce the mass transfer of O2 and H+ from the solution to the layers. It thereby weakened the quenching of hydrated electrons and enhanced their utilization efficiency. Therefore, this study represents a novel attempt to use in situ polymerization for constructing a polyindole-based nanocomposite, offering a sophisticated solution for degradation of PFASs.
16. Developing a Single-Cell Spatial Transcriptomics Workflow for In Vivo Evaluation of Implanted Biomaterials.
期刊: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
In vivo evaluation of biomaterials largely relies on histology to assess biocompatibility and foreign body responses. While effective for capturing end-stage outcomes, these methods offer limited insight into the cellular mechanisms driving tissue remodeling, hindering efforts to rationally design better biomaterials. Transcriptomics has revolutionized our understanding of gene activity driving cellular function, yet remains underutilized in biomaterial evaluation. Recent advances in high-resolution spatial transcriptomics now enable precise mapping of gene expression within tissue, offering detailed insight into cellular states and spatial organization. To align biomaterial research with advances in spatial biology, we develop a bioinformatics workflow for the Xenium platform to analyze in vivo responses to implanted materials. Applying this workflow to evaluate electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in mice, we identify spatially distinct macrophage and fibroblast subpopulations with unique gene expression profiles. Spatial analyses show shared phenotypic features between co-localized macrophages and fibroblasts, oriented from the scaffold body to its surface. Gene ontology linked these spatial transitions to functional roles, with immune cell recruitment occurring within the scaffold and fibrosis at the surface. These transitions were not detectable by histology, highlighting spatial transcriptomics as a powerful approach for uncovering cellular dynamics and enabling better biologically-informed design of biomaterials.
17. Stress and retention challenges among rural and regional physicians: a mixed-methods systematic review and framework for action.
期刊: Journal of public health (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-15 链接: PubMed
摘要
Workplace stress among rural physicians is a pressing public health challenge, intensified by increasing workloads, demographic shifts, and constrained healthcare infrastructures. This systematic review examines the stress-related outcomes rural physicians face, identifies key contributing and mitigating factors, and proposes a transformative framework for sustainable intervention. A comprehensive search across five databases (January 2020-2025) yielded 1973 studies, with 24 meeting inclusion criteria focused on rural, remote, or regional physicians. Data were synthesised using PRISMA guidelines and quality-assessed with standardised checklists. Across 11,130 rural physicians, burnout emerged as the most prevalent outcome. Excessive workloads, diminished autonomy, blurred work-life boundaries, and systemic under-resourcing drove emotional exhaustion (EE). Geographic isolation further compounded anxiety, depression, and sleep disruption. While job dissatisfaction led to absenteeism and turnover, protective factors included professional autonomy, recognition, and task diversity. Promising interventions included work-life balance strategies, continuous education, and context-responsive recruitment policies. Sustaining rural healthcare requires more than short-term solutions; it calls for systemic reform that centres physician well-being, autonomy, and community-rooted support. Equity-driven frameworks anchored in self-actualisation, collaboration, and culturally responsive remote care offer promising paths forward. Future research must prioritise context-specific, structural change across diverse rural landscapes.
18. The Feasibility and Utility of Vascular Surgery Entrustable Professional Activities: A Multi-InstitutionalPilot Study.
期刊: Journal of surgical education 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have been embraced by the medical education community as a framework to guide competency-based education systems. The Vascular Surgery Board and Association for Program Directors in Vascular Surgery collaborated on the development of 15 vascular surgery EPAs, covering the core clinical activities of a vascular surgeon. We sought to explore engagement and perceptions of feasibility and utility of EPA assessment implementation for participants in a national, multi-institutional pilot. Faculty assessment and trainee self-assessment of 15 vascular surgery EPAs were rated on a 4-point entrustment scale: 1 = limited participation, 2 = direct supervision, 3 = indirect supervision, and 4 = practice-ready, with accompanying behavioral anchors describing the actions expected of a learner at each level. Following an introductory webinar, the American Board of Surgery EPA Application assessment tool (delivered via SIMPL) was provided to all participating programs. Surveys evaluating the perceived feasibility and utility of the EPAs were developed. The surveys were distributed to pilot participants via email in June 2024 and responses were collected using Qualtrics. For Likert-scale items, descriptive statistics were calculated. For open-ended responses, thematic analysis was conducted to explore perceptions of respondents. This retrospective cohort study received an exemption determination from the University of Utah Institutional Review Board prior to the initiation of study procedures. This was a national, multi-institutional study. Participating programs included both academic, community, and hybrid programs. Thirty institutions (22 fellowship, 27 residency programs) participated in the pilot. Post-pilot surveys were completed by 89 participants, including 22 program directors (Response rate 73%), 13 program managers (Response rate 43%), 26 trainees, and 28 faculty. A total of 2746 EPA assessments were completed by faculty and trainees during the pilot. Regarding ease of integration of EPA assessments into perioperative workflow, 92% of trainees and 96% of faculty had neutral or positive responses. Eight four percent of trainees agreed that they were comfortable initiating EPA assessments. Seventy seven percent of trainees felt that EPA data would help them to set learning goals and 77% felt that EPA assessments helped them identify areas for improvement. For faculty, 74% felt the EPA assessments helped them identify topics on which to provide feedback. This study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of EPA workplace-based assessment implementation at a diverse subset of vascular surgery training programs. Integration into usual clinical workflow was viewed as easy by both faculty and trainees. Furthermore, trainees felt the assessments were helpful to their learning, and faculty felt the assessment anchors helped them give meaningful feedback to trainees. These findings support an overall positive reception to EPA assessments in vascular surgery.
19. Longitudinal air pollution exposure patterns by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic position and urbanicity.
期刊: Health & place 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
20. "I Liked Having My Voice Heard:" A Feasible, Rapid Approach for Codesigning a Contraceptive Counseling Curriculum.
期刊: Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Few youth- and family-engaged codesigned models of medical education programs exist. One area that may benefit from community perspectives is designing education to improve counseling on sensitive topics. The authors’ codesigned an adolescent-focused contraceptive counseling continuing medical education training program for practicing primary care clinicians in partnership with community advisory boards and assessed the feasibility and acceptability of their codesign approach. From September 2023 to January 2024, the authors recruited female teens, caregivers, and clinicians residing in North Carolina to participate as members of a teen, caregiver, or clinician virtual advisory board. Across 5 meetings for each advisory board (15 total) held virtually for 1 hour per month from January to May 2024, they used human-centered design principles to elicit and integrate advisor priorities and feedback into a final training program. At their final meetings, they facilitated group discussions and used rapid qualitative analysis to understand advisors’ experiences in medical education curriculum codevelopment. Overall, they partnered with 20 advisors of diverse identities across geographic location, race and ethnicity, sexuality, and experiences with chronic conditions and/or disability. Together, they developed a 3-hour virtual, synchronous training program for primary care clinicians treating adolescents to improve their contraceptive counseling skills. The training program included 5 modules on different components of adolescent contraceptive care complemented by a continuously updated resource toolkit. Advisors described positive experiences with the advisory boards and identified actionable opportunities for improvement, such as additional technical support with online collaborative platforms. The authors created a successful partnership with 3 advisory boards to rapidly generate a clinician-facing continuing medical education program that incorporated the priorities and experiences of those most impacted by their training. This approach can be adapted to other clinician training curricula to ensure that relevant community voices are centered in medical education at all training levels.
21. "We will get to…assist the staff of the hospital": comparatively exploring the motivations of pre-medical and medical students from Global North countries for seeking to participate in Ghanaian medical missions.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
22. Intersectional dimensions of stigma in neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review of evidence and implications for equity-based health policy.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are profoundly rooted in social inequalities, yet limited works have explored how intersecting identities and structural conditions jointly shape stigma and its consequences. This review combined qualitative and mixed-method studies to explore the interaction between social identities such as gender, ethnicity, caste, migration status, disability, and socioeconomic status to produce compounded stigma among affected people by NTDs, and the implications for health-seeking behaviour, social inclusion, and equity-oriented policy design. This systematic review was synthesised to explore how intersecting social identities compound stigma and influence health-seeking behaviour, social exclusion, and policy needs among people affected by NTDs. Thematic synthesis was conducted using a detailed data extraction table that captured authorship, theoretical frameworks, intersecting identities, stigma mechanisms, health-seeking trajectories, social participation, and policy recommendations across the included studies. A comprehensive search across major electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Global Health, complemented by manual searches and citation tracking process, identified relevant studies. After conducting a multi-stage screening process, thirty studies met the eligibility criteria. An inductive coding was performed, followed by integration with an intersectional analytic lens to identify cross-cutting patterns. Themes were developed cyclically and summarised into four higher domains. Stigma was consistently constructed in the interplay between multiple social identities and structural constraints. This review identified distinct, intersecting barriers that defined the experience of stigma, such as gendered expectations, cultural beliefs of illness as impurity or immorality, caste and ethnic hierarchies, migration status, grade of disability, and poverty. All these combined to compound the stigma that resulted in delayed or avoided care, discriminatory provider interactions, reduced social participation, and emotional distress. Stigma related to NTDs is best understood as a product of intersecting identities embedded within broader social and structural conditions. To address its effects, it is necessary to move beyond individual-level interventions toward multisectoral, structurally informed, equity-focused strategies that engage with gender norms, poverty, discrimination, and health-system barriers. This systematic review was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KQX7U. Not applicable.
23. Multi-center retrospective analysis of potentially non-urgent emergency department visits in Israel using a nationwide dataset.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Redesigning healthcare facilities for sustainability: green hospital transformations and new infrastructure planning.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aims to analyze the green transformation processes of existing hospitals and the sustainable design principles of newly constructed healthcare facilities in Türkiye. Given the healthcare sector’s significant environmental impacts-including high energy consumption, carbon emissions, water management challenges, and waste recycling issues-this research investigates strategies to minimize these impacts and support the transition toward sustainable healthcare systems within the national context. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth interviews with 24 healthcare managers from both public and private hospitals across Türkiye. Participants were selected using criterion and maximum variation sampling techniques, supplemented by snowball sampling to identify relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software to extract key components of sustainable healthcare facilities. The analysis revealed several critical environmental challenges facing existing hospitals in Türkiye, such as the lack of sustainable infrastructure leading to excessive energy consumption, inefficient waste management systems, suboptimal water use, and limited initiatives aimed at reducing carbon footprints. In contrast, newly designed healthcare facilities demonstrate solutions including the integration of solar panels and renewable energy systems, implementation of water recycling, adoption of green roof designs and natural ventilation, and the expansion of smart energy management technologies. Healthcare managers highlighted that the main barriers to green hospital transformation include high costs, structural limitations of existing buildings, and insufficient managerial support. To effectively advance green transformation in the Turkish healthcare sector, it is recommended to establish sustainable architectural standards for new hospital buildings, develop financial and managerial frameworks to incentivize the green transformation of existing facilities, and accelerate the transition to carbon-neutral healthcare systems through targeted policy and strategic initiatives. The widespread adoption of green practices in healthcare institutions is critical for environmental sustainability and public health. Efficient resource management, waste control, and environmental awareness programs are essential to align healthcare institutions in Türkiye with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Not applicable.
25. Physical exercise and loneliness in higher education: a national study of Norwegian students.
期刊: BMC psychology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
26. HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes drive CD8+ T cell memory in convalescent and vaccinated individuals: implications for the design of next-generation vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
期刊: Journal of translational medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Inflammatory phenotype drives different immunosuppressive response in COPD exacerbations.
期刊: BMC pulmonary medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
28. Evaluating the impact of an educational intervention on reducing work-family conflict through resilience enhancement.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
29. Development and validation of the LateDem-Risk score to predict dementia incidence in the InveCe.Ab and Trelong Italian cohorts.
期刊: Scientific reports 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
30. Occupational Autonomy and Cognitive Function: The Moderating Role of Educational Attainment.
期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Occupational autonomy is beneficial to workers’ health and well-being. Highly autonomous jobs are available to people with varying educational attainments. However, little research has evaluated whether occupational autonomy is protective of cognitive function, particularly among those with lower levels of education. Using the Occupational Information Network classification dataset linked with the Health and Retirement Study (HRS-O*NET), we evaluated three domains of occupational autonomy (decision, design, and activity) and the average across these measures in association with: (a) cognitive function at midlife (i.e., entry into the HRS) and (b) change in cognitive function 8 years later. We also tested whether education moderated these associations. On average, all three types of occupational autonomy were associated with protective effects on cognitive function in midlife (p < 0.05). Only activity autonomy (i.e., work value: independence) was significantly associated with changes in cognitive function eight years later (β = 0.06, p < 0.05). The cognitive benefits of autonomy do not vary by education through midlife. However, having high levels of autonomy is protective against cognitive decline following midlife among those with a college degree, but not for those without. These findings suggest that occupational autonomy is cognitively protective. However, it cannot ameliorate cognitive losses that commonly occur after midlife for those with no degree. Future research is needed to identify modifiable factors that reduce cognitive losses after midlife for those with low educational attainment.
31. Couple's linked occupation trajectory and women's depressive symptoms in later life: A Multichannel Sequence Analysis from China.
期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
While the impact of occupational trajectories on mental health disparities is well-established, the couple-based perspective of linked occupational trajectories remains underexplored. This study investigates the linked occupational trajectories of Chinese middle-aged and older couples and their association with women’s depressive symptoms in later life. Using five waves and life history survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study analyzed a sample of 3,529 couples aged 50 and above. Multichannel sequence analysis with hierarchical clustering was applied to identify patterns of linked occupational histories. Ten distinct clusters of couples’ occupational trajectories were identified: homogeneous dual-earner families (72.1%), male-advantaged dual-earner families (24.9%), and single-earner families (3%). Women in higher-status homogeneous dual-earner families (e.g., dual SOE or dual government employment), as well as those in gender-asymmetric families where agricultural wives were partnered with SOE- or government-employed husbands, had lower risks of depressive symptoms than women in dual agricultural families. No detectable mental health disadvantage was observed among women in single male-earner families. Later-life mental health disparities are shaped not only by women’s individual occupational trajectories but also by the within-couple occupational asymmetries formed under China’s evolving labor market structures. Policies that acknowledge and address unequal access to stable, higher-status employment may be particularly effective in promoting women’s mental well-being in later life.
32. Mapping inequities in safe water access: a spatial and geographically weighted regression analysis of unimproved water source use in sub-Saharan Africa.
期刊: Journal of health, population, and nutrition 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Access to safe drinking water remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where reliance on unimproved water sources exposes millions to waterborne diseases and undermines progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). Understanding spatial patterns and determinants of unimproved water use is essential for targeting WASH interventions. We analyzed data from 500,845 households across 20,492 clusters in 34 sub-Saharan African countries using Demographic and Health Surveys (2012-2024). Data was processed using Microsoft Excel and STATA version 17. Prevalence estimates accounted for the DHS complex sampling design. Spatial analyses (Global Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, SaTScan™, Anselin Local Moran’s I) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were conducted to identify clusters and key predictors. Overall, 58% (95% CI: 51%-65%) of households relied on unimproved drinking water sources. This indicates that approximately three in five households utilize unimproved water source. Significant spatial clustering was detected (Global Moran’s I = 0.2415, p < 0.001), with major hotspots in Madagascar, Uganda, Rwanda, Mozambique, Malawi, Chad, Nigeria, Togo, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Ethiopia, parts of Angola, the Congo Republic, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. SaTScan™ identified 109 significant clusters, and Local Moran’s I revealed mixed high- and low-risk zones. GWR (adjusted R² = 0.917) highlighted key predictors: rural residence, female-headed households, older household heads (50 + years), poverty, limited media exposure, lack of electricity, and poor water access. Unimproved water use remains widespread and spatially concentrated across sub-Saharan Africa. The determinants identified by GWR poverty, rural residence, limited infrastructure access, and low household media exposure highlight critical inequities driving this burden. Addressing these disparities requires localized, data-driven WASH planning that prioritizes hotspot regions, expands access to affordable improved water systems, strengthens electricity and media outreach infrastructure, and supports vulnerable households. Implementing these targeted and multi-sectoral strategies is essential for accelerating equitable progress toward SDG 6 and improving public health resilience across the region.
33. Effects of feeding behavior training on sensory processing and developmental areas in children with cerebral visual impairment: a randomized controlled study.
期刊: Italian journal of pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
34. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Interferential Current (IFC) and Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis (PNE) in the treatment of sports-related pain: a scoping review with an evidence gap map.
期刊: BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
35. Development and empirical validation of a multi-criteria decision-making model for the assessment of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in high-exposure industrial settings.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
36. Sugar-sweetened beverages: consumption, purchasing behaviour, and opinions about policy measures in a nationally representative panel of Dutch secondary school adolescents.
期刊: BMC public health 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
37. Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated in a degloving baker's machine injury, a contamination or infection - a case report.
期刊: BMC infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
Deep tissue and bloodstream yeast infections are associated with poor outcomes due to rapid progression, antifungal resistance, and immune evasion. Differentiating between wound contamination and true fungal infection remains a clinical challenge, with limited guidance on the use of prophylactic antifungal therapy in this setting. This article presents a rare case of an immunocompetent patient who sustained a degloving hand injury and radius fracture from a bread kneading machine, with subsequent deep tissue cultures growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The case underscores the potential risk of fungal infection in occupational injuries involving dough and emphasizes the importance of early identification and consideration of prophylactic antifungal treatment in similar scenarios.
38. Inspiratory muscle training in wheelchair athletes: Effects on respiratory function and para fencing performance.
期刊: Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function and Para Fencing (PF) performance, and to investigate the relationship between a PF-specific wheelchair protocol and arm-crank ergometer performance. A pre-post intervention case series. Laboratory-based assessments. Five Para Fencing athletes with spinal cord injury (T1-L1), classified as classes A and B. Pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory pressures (PEmax), cardiopulmonary exercise testing using an arm-crank ergometer, blood lactate peak, and performance in a PF-specific wheelchair protocol. Following six weeks of IMT, PImax and PEmax increased by 10.9% and 15.5%, respectively, indicating improved respiratory muscle strength. Blood lactate peak showed a large effect size (0.87) after training. A strong correlation was observed between the duration of the PF-specific protocol and peak oxygen uptake obtained from the arm-crank ergometer test (r = 0.90; p = 0.037). Aerobic capacity appears to be strongly associated with PF performance. Although IMT significantly improved respiratory muscle function, its direct impact on sport-specific performance remains inconclusive in this sample.
39. Immunohistochemical and serum profile of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: The Dual Vulvar Panel (DVP) project.
期刊: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to evaluate the expression of selected immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), and to investigate associations with recurrence and death using molecular clustering and diagnostic performance analyses. This single-centre prospective study included 27 patients with histologically confirmed VSCC. Tumour specimens were assessed for expression of p16, p53, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD44 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Serum SCC-Ag was measured and correlated with clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses comprised Pearson’s correlation, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, diagnostic performance metrics, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering integrating IHC and SCC-Ag data. No significant associations were observed between individual IHC markers and clinical outcomes. Serum SCC-Ag showed a positive trend towards association with recurrence (r = 0.462; p = 0.071), with an increased odds ratio (OR) (OR = 2.7). When analysed as a binary variable, SCC-Ag demonstrated sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 76%, and overall accuracy of 70%. As a continuous variable, SCC-Ag achieved an area under the curve value of 0.83. The combination of SCC-Ag and p53 improved sensitivity to 83% and negative predictive value to 89%. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified three biological subgroups, with the cluster characterized by high SCC-Ag and EGFR expression and low p16 expression associated with recurrence more frequently. Serum SCC-Ag showed superior prognostic performance compared with individual IHC markers, and may be useful for postoperative risk stratification in VSCC. Combined biomarker panels, including p53, PD-L1, EGFR and p16, yielded promising sensitivity, supporting future strategies.
40. Relationship between the Hounsfield Unit value of the greater trochanter and the risk of greater trochanteric fractures in anterolateral muscle-sparing minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
期刊: Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 发表日期: 2026-Feb-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
No previous studies have investigated the association between the risk of greater trochanteric fractures and the Hounsfield Unit (HU) of the greater trochanter in muscle-sparing minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for greater trochanteric fractures in anterolateral MIS-THA. Lower HU values of the greater trochanter are associated with a higher risk of intraoperative and early postoperative greater trochanteric fractures. This single-center retrospective observational study included 223 patients (257 hips) who underwent primary THA for osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis between January 2010 and August 2024 using a minimally invasive anterolateral approach in the lateral position. All surgeries were performed by four surgeons. Preoperative CT was used to reconstruct coronal sections including the femoral head center and proximal femoral axis, and cancellous HU values of the greater trochanter were measured. Postoperative CT (1 week) with metal artifact reduction was routinely performed; fractures were defined as cortical fracture lines on 3D-reconstructed CT and assessed by two independent orthopedic surgeons. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of fractures. The incidence of greater trochanteric fractures was 6.6% (17/257 hips). Twelve of these fractures (70.6%) were recognized intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively. Full hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated stems were associated with an increased fracture risk compared with other designs (relative risk [RR], 2.68; 95% CI, 1.07-6.68). Age, sex, BMI, ASA physical status, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with fractures. Multivariate analysis identified lower HU values (odds ratio [OR], 0.973; p < 0.0001) and full HA-coated stems (OR, 13.3; p = 0.04) as independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined an optimal cut-off of 72.0 HU (sensitivity, 0.941; specificity, 0.742), with a value ≤ 72.0 HU demonstrating high predictive power (RR, 36.7; p < 0.0001). Preoperative measurement of HU values in the greater trochanter is a useful screening tool for identifying patients at increased risk of fractures in anterolateral MIS-THA. While an HU value of ≤ 72.0 necessitates careful intraoperative management and increased vigilance, it should be interpreted as an indicator of risk rather than a definitive predictor of fracture due to its moderate specificity. IV; retrospective study.
41. Association of parental vaccination readiness and descriptive norms with childhood vaccination status.
期刊: Vaccine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Maintaining high vaccination coverage requires understanding parental psychological factors, such as readiness conceptualized by the 7C model and descriptive norms, that shape decisions about childhood vaccinations. This study aimed to validate the Japanese short version of the Children-7C (C7C) scale, and examine how parental readiness and descriptive norms relate to vaccination status. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5148 parents in a self-reported online survey. Structural validity and internal consistency were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and McDonald’s omega. Criterion validity was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) for composite vaccination uptake and acceptance defined as the proportion of age-eligible vaccines received, and received or intended, respectively. Vaccine-specific SEMs were also conducted for all vaccines in the Japanese National Immunization Program-Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, hepatitis B, rotavirus, measles-rubella, varicella, Japanese encephalitis, human papillomavirus, and diphtheria-tetanus, as well as mumps, influenza and COVID-19. The scale demonstrated acceptable structural validity (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR = 0.028) and internal consistency (ω = 0.88). Factor loadings ranged from -0.51 for calculation to 0.89 for complacency. Collective responsibility, constraints, confidence, and complacency showed strong loadings, whereas compliance (λ = 0.25) and conspiracy (λ = 0.06) showed minimal loadings. Regarding criterion validity, parental readiness was positively associated with both composite uptake and acceptance. Readiness showed similar associations across routine infant vaccines, a strong association for HPV, and a weaker association for COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. Descriptive norms had a lesser overall loading but were consistently positive. The Japanese short version of the C7C scale is valid for measuring parental vaccination readiness. Readiness consistently predicted children’s vaccination status, underscoring the need to enhance readiness while also considering vaccine- and age-specific strategies.
42. Quantitative synthesis and spatial epidemiology of animal cystic echinococcosis in Algeria (2003-2024).
期刊: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensus lalo (E. granulosus s.l.), remains a major zoonotic and economic concern in Algeria. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national prevalence of CE in domestic animals, identify spatial patterns, and evaluate factors contributing to epidemiological variability. Literature searches were performed across nine international and regional databases, and eligible studies published between 2003 and 2024 were screened following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 22 studies were included, yielding 68 independent prevalence estimates from 20 Algerian regions. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, and statistical analyses including random-effects models, meta-regression, and spatial autocorrelation were conducted in R. Among definitive hosts (dogs), the pooled prevalence was 15.24 % (95 % CI: 4.52-40.61 %; k = 4), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 94.7 %). For intermediate hosts, analysis of 763,662 animals revealed an overall pooled prevalence of 4.16 % (95 % CI: 2.59-6.63 %), with marked inter-species variability: cattle (12.44 %), camels (7.81 %), sheep (6.31 %), goats (5.21 %), and wild boars (6.32 %). After applying the trim-and-fill method to account for potential missing studies, the adjusted pooled prevalence was 6.42 %. Significant regional disparities were identified, with hyperendemic clusters in Tébessa, M’Sila, and Setif, contrasted with low-risk zones such as Tindouf and Batna. Spatial analysis detected significant positive autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I = 0.273; p = 0.033), indicating geographical clustering. Meta-regression revealed sample size and geographic location as key moderators of heterogeneity. This study provides the most comprehensive synthesis of CE prevalence in Algerian livestock to date, highlighting persistent endemicity and spatial hotspots. Findings emphasize the need for strengthened One-Health surveillance, targeted control strategies, and standardized diagnostic protocols to reduce transmission risk and associated economic losses.
43. Beyond metrics to methods: a scoping review of transformers and large language models for detection of social drivers of health in clinical notes.
期刊: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 发表日期: 2026-Feb-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
This scoping review aimed to (1) map current applications of transformers and large language models (LLMs) for extracting social drivers of health (SDOH) from clinical text, (2) benchmark model performance across SDOH domains, and (3) evaluate methodological rigor to identify research gaps and inform clinical deployment. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore for studies applying transformers or LLMs to detect SDOH in clinical narratives. We developed a novel methodological framework integrating (1) hierarchical classification of SDOH domains and transformer/LLM architectures, (2) systematic synthesis of performance metrics, and (3) a 7-domain instrument assessing internal validity, external validity, and reporting transparency. Forty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Performance varied substantially across SDOH domains. Behavioral Factors achieved the highest median F1-score (0.87), while Health Care Access and Quality showed the lowest performance and greatest variability (median F1 = 0.59). Research concentrated in the United States (85.7%), relied predominantly on private institutional datasets (69%), and focused primarily on critical care populations (45.2%). Methodological assessment revealed critical gaps; only 29% of studies provided annotation guidelines, 24% assessed fairness across demographic groups, and 21% performed external validation. Smaller open-source transformer models show promise for democratizing SDOH detection by achieving competitive performance at lower costs while enabling secure local deployment in resource-limited settings. Advancing clinical readiness requires standardized reporting practices, diverse benchmark datasets across care settings, and systematic equity evaluation to prevent perpetuating health disparities. Transformer and LLM performance for SDOH detection varied substantially across domains, with encoder-based models excelling at structured tasks and decoder-only models at linguistically complex tasks. Critical gaps in fairness assessment, external validation, and dataset diversity restrict generalizability and readiness for widespread clinical deployment.
44. Evidence-based medicine on FHIR augments the standards-based approach to digital health research.
期刊: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 发表日期: 2026-Feb-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
45. Impact of Major Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) on Soil and Associated Health Issues.
期刊: Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture 发表日期: 2026-Feb-10 链接: PubMed
摘要
Land directly affects people’s health and well-being. Soil is essential for social and economic growth. It is impossible to overstate the urgency of conserving soil, as it is crucial for fostering the development of an ecological civilization and maintaining household stability. A new significant threat to soil health and fertility has emerged in the form of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Unlike other pollutants, these CECs (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, PFAS, and microplastics) are resistant to microbial degradation; therefore, they persist in soil and can enter the food chain or pollute groundwater supplies. Several researchers worldwide have shown that CECs destroy soil microflora, impair ecological balance, and reduce soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Recent experimental studies have confirmed their presence in cell culture and experimental animal models at concentrations ranging from nanomolar (nM) to millimolar (mM) levels. The unrestricted use of these CECs has resulted in their bioaccumulation at higher levels in the food chain, ultimately reaching human beings. Despite their hazardous nature, no definite environmental laws or FDA regulations exist, adding fuel to the fire. Therefore, we aim to highlight the environmental implications of these CECs and the steps needed to prevent them from transforming into an environmental catastrophe. This review focuses on five key CECs, including nanoparticles, cosmetic additives (phthalates and biphenyls), flame retardants, and microplastics, along with their environmental implications.
46. Yoga and Positive Education for Student Mental Health, Self-Compassion, and Vitality: A Mixed-Methods Study.
期刊: International journal of yoga therapy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
With growing need to mitigate the mental health crisis on university campuses, researchers worldwide are seeking to determine effective student mental health promotion strategies, such as positive education (i.e., the teaching of applied positive psychology) and yoga. Nevertheless, a paucity of research appraises the effects of merging positive education and yoga for mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6-week hatha yoga program on undergraduate positive education students’ mental health, self-compassion, and vitality. In this mixed-methods single-case experimental A1BA2 design, 7 volunteer students enrolled in the positive education course completed a 2-week baseline (A1), followed by a 6-week yoga program that included two ≈ 45-minute weekly virtual yoga classes (B), and another 2-week baseline (A2; post-yoga), all while taking their positive education course. Trait variables (mental health, trait self-compassion, and trait subjective vitality) were assessed via validated questionnaires during the baseline phases preceding and following the yoga program, whereas state variables (state self-compassion and state subjective vitality) were assessed immediately before and after one of the weekly yoga sessions. Participants also responded to open-ended journal prompts related to the outcome variables following one of the sessions. Visual, stability, level, trend, and reflexive thematic analyses revealed that yoga practice was associated with improved trait and state well-being outcomes. This research suggests preliminary evidence for yoga and positive education courses as a means of increasing university students’ mental health, self-compassion, and vitality both immediately and over time. Suggestions for yoga program implementation and future research are discussed.
47. Colchicine prophylaxis efficacy in PFAPA syndrome: A comparative cohort study.
期刊: Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 发表日期: 2026-Feb-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis) syndrome is the most common periodic fever disorder in children, causing recurrent debilitating episodes that impose a substantial burden on children and their families. Current therapeutic approaches primarily rely on corticosteroid administration, which provides rapid symptom resolution but fails to address the underlying inflammatory cascade, prevent future attacks, and carries the risk of side effects. To determine the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine prophylaxis in reducing attack frequency and extending disease-free intervals in PFAPA patients, compared to standard of care management alone. This retrospective cohort study included 55 pediatric PFAPA patients, 15 receiving colchicine prophylaxis, and 40 controls managed with standard care alone. The primary outcome was the change in inter-attack interval duration from baseline study completion. Secondary analyses examined treatment response by FMF genetic status and survival analysis for time to next attack. Both groups showed comparable baseline characteristics, except higher FMF mutation prevalence in the colchicine group (73.3% vs. 27.5%, P = 0.002). Patients receiving colchicine experienced a dramatic improvement in inter-attack intervals (median change: 60 days, IQR: 51) compared with controls (median change: 0 days, IQR: 0; P < 0.001). Colchicine’s therapeutic benefit was consistent regardless of FMF genetic status. Colchicine prophylaxis significantly reduces PFAPA attack frequency, with therapeutic benefits that are independent of FMF genetic status. These findings support colchicine as an effective first-line prophylactic treatment for PFAPA patients with frequent episodes or families concerned about frequent steroid use, representing a paradigm shift from reactive to preventive management.
48. Monitoring the upregulated hydrogen peroxide levels in cells and living organisms under the microcystin-LR exposure.
期刊: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 发表日期: 2026-Feb-09 链接: PubMed
摘要
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) could be largely released in water environment during the cyanobacterial blooms, endangering the health of plants, animals, and even humans. Numerous evidences had demonstrated a strong correlation between the toxicities of MC-LR and the oxidative stress induced by MC-LR. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the primary constituents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tends to be overproduced under oxidative stress. Therefore, detecting the changes in H₂O₂ levels in organisms exposed to MC-LR can serve as an indicator of MC-LR-induced oxidative damage. However, the studies of directly detecting H₂O₂ levels in organisms exposed to MC-LR are lacking. In this work, we developed a novel near-infrared probe, DSP-B, to detect H2O2 under MC-LR-induced oxidative stress in organisms. DSP-B exhibited high sensitivity and specificity to H2O2, and the detection ability of DSP-B to endogenous and exogenous H2O2 has also been validated. Then DSP-B was applied to detect the H2O2 level in cells and zebrafishes treated with MC-LR to elucidate the effect of oxidative stress caused by MC-LR. Moreover, DSP-B was utilized for tissue visualization imaging in MC-LR-poisoned loaches model, enabling the upregulation of H2O2 to be successfully observed. This study offers a novel strategy for analyzing the MC-LR-induced oxidative stress and demonstrates the potential of using probe for MC-LR toxicity research. This probe is expected to provide assistances in evaluating the risks and hazards of MC-LR exposure to organisms in the environment.
49. Insights From Black Living Kidney Donors: An Interview Study on APOL1 Genetic Testing Experiences.
期刊: Clinical transplantation 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Transplant center practices regarding APOL1 testing of living kidney donor candidates vary. The experiences, beliefs, and preferences of living kidney donors who have undergone APOL1 testing can provide valuable insights for transplant programs to consider when developing APOL1 testing policies. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with Black living donors (LDs) and potential LDs who underwent APOL1 genotyping during their donor evaluation to explore their experiences, beliefs, and motivations regarding APOL1 testing in the context of actual LD decision-making. 31 Black people (24 self-identified non-Hispanic Black people and 7 Hispanic Black people) who were evaluated for living kidney donation, had APOL1 testing, and agreed to donate were interviewed via Zoom. Thematic analysis of de-identified transcripts of semi-structured interviews. Four themes emerged from analysis of interviews: (1) Information and communication needs, concerns, and preferences: information that living donor candidates receive often does not meet their expectations or needs, some actual and eligible participants did not recall testing; (2) Decisions regarding APOL1 testing and results: a common concern is that testing could result in being unable to donate, and many participants believed that donor candidates should be involved in deciding whether to test and how to use the results; (3) Sharing results with kidney recipients: some participants believe that it is important to share APOL1 status with intended recipients to help them make informed decisions; (4) Race and APOL1 testing: some participants expressed concern with using race as a basis for APOL1 testing. Transplant programs can use these results to inform their APOL1 testing policies and practices. Most participants who were told and remembered their APOL1 status had a lower-risk genotype; people with higher-risk genotypes might hold different views. We were unable to verify self-reported APOL1 results. All participants were enrolled in the APOLLO study and were willing to be re-contacted to participate in research. Recall bias could have affected our findings because of the time that elapsed between testing and the interview. Major themes emerging from interviews were consistent with previous research and focused on the need for more transparent information sharing with prospective donors and the importance of autonomy and shared decision-making. Potential living kidney donors who are identified as Black or African American sometimes undergo APOL1 genetic testing. The experiences, beliefs, and preferences of living kidney donors who have undergone APOL1 testing can provide valuable insights for transplant programs to consider when developing APOL1 testing policies. We interviewed 31 self-identified Black people who had APOL1 testing and were evaluated to be living kidney donors. We found that (1) they often wanted more information than they recieved; (2) many people think that potential donors should help to decide whether to get tested and how to use their results; (3) some people believe that potential kidney recipients should have access to their donor’s APOL1 results; and (4) using race as the basis for testing raises concerns. We identify some implications our findings may have for transplant programs as they develop their APOL1 testing policies.
50. Changes by Era in Risk Factors and Outcomes Among Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients With Delayed Graft Function.
期刊: Clinical transplantation 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
There are no effective therapeutic agents for preventing or treating delayed graft function (DGF) among deceased donor kidney transplant recipients (DDKTRs). Donor and recipient factors are important to predicting DGF and associated outcomes, which we hypothesize differed over time. DDKTRs were stratified by transplant year into four eras-E1 (2000-2005), E2 (2006-2011), E3 (2012-2017), and E4 (2018-2021). We analyzed risk factors for DGF, along with one-year uncensored graft failure (UCGF), death-censored graft failure (DCGF), death with a functioning graft (DWFG), and acute rejection (AR) by era. A total of 3085 DDKTRs were included (E1: 804, E2: 882, E3: 909, E4: 490). The proportion of patients with DGF differed significantly by era. Duration of DGF and median dialysis count were lower in recent eras. In E1-E4, donation after circulatory death, higher donor terminal serum creatinine, and pretransplant duration of dialysis were risk factors for DGF, while preemptive transplant was associated with lower odds of DGF. Other factors were not consistently associated with DGF across eras. The risk of one-year AR was significantly lower in E3 (aHR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.69, p < 0.001) and E4 (aHR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07-0.36, p < 0.001) compared to E1. There were trends towards decreased risk for UCGF and DWFG in E2, E3, and E4. Some risk factors for DGF remained consistent, while others differed. Likely due to improved management, the risk for AR in the DGF setting improved in recent eras. There were trends of improved uncensored graft and patient survival in recent eras.
51. Body Composition in Liver Transplant Patients: Long-Term Changes and Impact on Recovery Outcomes.
期刊: Clinical transplantation 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Sarcopenia and obesity are prevalent in end-stage-liver-disease (ESLD) patients undergoing Liver Transplantation (LT), contributing to morbidity and mortality. Although LT restores liver function, sarcopenia and obesity often persist. Body mass index (BMI) is unreliable in ESLD for assessing adiposity, necessitating alternative measures. Visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio affects outcomes, with VAT associated with poorer cardiovascular health and survival. This study investigated long-term changes in body composition post-LT and their associations with survival and hospital/ICU stay. A single-center retrospective cohort analyzed 81 adults undergoing LT (2009-2015). Body composition was assessed via CT/MRI at L3 level pre-LT and longitudinally up to 10y post-LT. Sarcopenia was defined using sex-specific skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) thresholds. VAT and SAT areas quantified fat distribution. Outcomes included ICU/hospital stay and survival. Longitudinal changes were modeled using linear mixed models. Associations resulted from survival analysis and Spearman correlations. Pre-LT, 61% were sarcopenic, 53% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and 19% had sarcopenic obesity. Post-LT, L3-SMI declined, partially recovered, but remained below baseline. BMI decreased initially, then increased. VAT rose for 2-4y, then declined; SAT increased steadily. VAT/SAT ratio increased modestly early, then declined after ∼4.5y. Pre-LT sarcopenia predicted lower survival; post-LT didn’t. Higher pre-LT VAT was associated with prolonged ICU stay. Elevated pre-LT VAT/SAT ratio correlated with longer ICU/hospital stays. Sarcopenia persists long after LT and is associated with reduced survival. Unfavorable fat distribution was associated with longer hospital/ICU stay. Early diagnosis and targeted management of sarcopenia and visceral adiposity seem promising to improve post-LT outcomes.
52. Impact of an exercise and nutrition program on caregiver time with residents in institutional care-A secondary analysis.
期刊: Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Residents in long-term institutional care (LTIC) settings are at risk of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty. In the Older Persons Exercise and Nutrition (OPEN) randomized study, the impact of exercise and nutrition was analyzed. This secondary analysis focused on caregiver time (CGT). The 3-month intervention included repeated sit-to-stand exercises and two protein-enriched supplements daily. CGT was assessed in both dementia and somatic units using the Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument. Non-linear methods were applied due to skewed data. The sample consisted of 102 persons (intervention group [IG] n = 52, control group [CG] n = 50). CGT in the IG was significantly lower at follow-up, adjusted for baseline CGT, in the dementia units, that is, 55 min/day and resident, compared to 83 min/day in the CG (odds ratio 0.668 [0.473-0.945]; p = 0.022). A structured exercise and nutrition program was associated with reduced CGT in the dementia, but not the somatic, LTIC units. This study has been registered with the number protocol of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02702037.
53. Concomitant Use of DPP-4 Inhibitors May Prevent the Development of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
期刊: Clinical and translational science 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) causes numbness and pain in the limbs, often leading to interruption of chemotherapy and representing a significant clinical problem. Previous basic studies have suggested that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin may prevent OIPN. To evaluate whether concomitant use of DPP-4 inhibitors could prevent the development of OIPN in clinical practice, we retrospectively analyzed data from 1180 patients who initiated oxaliplatin treatment at Kyushu University Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of OIPN of any grade. Kaplan-Meier analysis with cumulative doses demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of OIPN in the DPP-4 inhibitor group (p = 0.0422). After propensity score matching to adjust for patient backgrounds, the protective association remained significant (p = 0.0389). Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards analysis incorporating gender, age, regimen, and concomitant DPP-4 inhibitor use as covariates confirmed that DPP-4 inhibitor use was an independent protective factor for OIPN (HR = 0.690; 95% CI, 0.490-0.972; p = 0.034). These findings suggest that concomitant use of DPP-4 inhibitors may moderate the development of OIPN in patients receiving oxaliplatin.
54. Musculoskeletal disorders in musicians: an overview of systematic reviews.
期刊: Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 发表日期: 2026-Jan-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among musicians, impacting performance and career longevity. To synthesize evidence on the prevalence, risk factors and preventive strategies for MSDs in musicians. A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Embase, Epistemonikos, Web of Science and PubMed/MEDLINE on 9 August 2024. Two independent reviewers screened studies, assessed eligibility and extracted data, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. The AMSTAR 2 tool evaluated methodological quality. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and overlap among primary studies was assessed using a citation matrix and the corrected covered area. Eighteen systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of MSDs ranged from 39% to 93%, with higher rates among women, string and keyboard players, and musicians with intense practice schedules. The neck, shoulders and hands were commonly affected areas. Risk factors included repetitive movements, poor ergonomics, psychological stress and lack of preventive strategies. Exercise programmes, postural education and massage therapy showed potential benefits, but the evidence remains inconclusive because of methodological limitations. Musculoskeletal disorders are common among musicians, with multiple risk factors contributing to their development. Although exercise, postural education and massage therapy show potential benefits, inconsistent evidence limits robust conclusions. Standardized research is needed to establish effective prevention and treatment strategies.
55. HPV Type Replacement After HPV Vaccination.
期刊: Current topics in microbiology and immunology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination effectively reduces the risk of HPV-attributable cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, and other head and neck cancers. Concerns for a lower-than-expected vaccine impact, as defined as an increase in the prevalence of precancer by nonvaccine types, compared to that anticipated based on attribution studies, have been raised in the postvaccination era. Three distinct and nonmutually exclusive processes-HPV type replacement, clinical unmasking, and viral unmasking-could be responsible for this apparent increase of nonvaccine types. HPV type replacement, in which nonvaccine types fill a niche left vacant after the elimination of vaccine types, is unlikely to occur due to the remarkable genetic stability of the virus and the lack of natural competition between individual HPV types. However, clinical unmasking, in which the absence of clinical interventions aimed at eliminating cervical disease caused by vaccine types permits uninterrupted progression of nonvaccine types, may occur since HPV coinfections are common. Alternatively, the observed shift could be completely erroneous due to the false discovery of type replacement via viral unmasking, a diagnostic assay artifact. In this chapter, we describe these processes and the mechanisms underlying them.
56. DNA Methylation in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer: Triage and Management.
期刊: Current topics in microbiology and immunology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
This chapter discusses the role of DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, as a key event in cervical carcinogenesis, and highlights its potential as a biomarker for detecting cervical cancer and high-grade precancerous lesions. Methylation levels of specific genes (methylation markers) gradually increase with cervical disease severity, allowing several clinical applications. Methylation markers have been evaluated as alternative triage tools for high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women, including those with borderline or mildly abnormal cytology results, and for use in specific populations such as women living with HIV. Methylation testing often outperforms traditional cytology-based triage methods and offers long-term reassurance against cervical cancer when the result is negative. Additionally, methylation markers have shown prognostic potential in predicting the natural course of high-grade precancerous lesions, as well as a promising performance for the detection of recurrent disease. While ongoing research focuses on validating methylation testing in self-collected samples, low-resource settings, and HPV-vaccinated populations, current evidence supports its potential to enhance early detection, risk stratification, and post-treatment monitoring in cervical cancer prevention and care.
57. Human Papillomavirus Screening: Design and Targeting of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes.
期刊: Current topics in microbiology and immunology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
In 2018, there were globally about 350,000 deaths from cervical cancer, despite the fact that the disease can be prevented by screening and in spite of the fact that highly effective human papillomavirus (HPV) tests became available some 25 years ago. WHO recommended HPV as the primary choice for cervical screening in 2014 (WHO 2014). In this chapter, I will outline the major evidence base behind HPV-based screening, discuss some of the major bottlenecks that has hampered the use of HPV-based screening for prevention of cervical cancer, and point out recent developments that may overcome these bottlenecks, in particular how targeting of screening to the most oncogenic HPV genotypes can be used to optimize sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility of HPV screening.
58. Cofactors in Human Papillomavirus Carcinogenesis.
期刊: Current topics in microbiology and immunology 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the necessary cause of cervical cancer (CC) and other HPV-related malignancies, yet by itself is not sufficient for malignant progression. A myriad of co-factors influences the risk that an HPV infection persists and progress to precancerous lesions and invasive disease. Understanding these cofactors is crucial for risk stratification and informing comprehensive preventive strategies-complementing HPV vaccination and screening-to further reduce the incidence of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers.This chapter reviews the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for key cofactors in HPV-driven carcinogenesis. The most established cofactors-including tobacco smoking, immunosuppression (particularly HIV infection), long-term use of oral contraceptives, high parity, and coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections-have consistently been associated with increased risk of HPV persistence and disease progression. We discuss their prevalence, magnitude of risk, and biological plausibility. Emerging and less established cofactors, such as the cervical microbiome, nutritional status and diet, and host genetic polymorphisms, which may modulate immune responses to HPV or the propensity for viral persistence are also explored.