公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-02-19)
共收录 63 篇研究文章
1. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Lead Exposure and Later Adulthood Cognitive Function in the St. Louis Baby Tooth-Later Life Health Study.
期刊: Neurology 发表日期: 2026-Mar-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Early exposure to lead has known neurocognitive impacts in childhood, but few studies have examined the long-term impacts extending into later adulthood. We estimated associations between prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure and later adulthood cognitive function and examined specific periods of exposure and effect modification by sex. The St. Louis Baby Tooth-Later Life Health study (SLBT) is a prospective cohort study that re-enrolled participants of the Baby Tooth Survey, originally centered in St. Louis, MO, who had donated their deciduous teeth between 1958 and 1972. SLBT participants completed surveys and a battery of cognitive tests in later adulthood. Tooth dentin lead concentrations were assessed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry across prenatal (second and third trimesters) and early postnatal periods. Cognitive function was assessed using a computerized cognitive battery taken at home using computers or personal digital devices. We used weighted generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between lead exposure and a composite outcome of later adulthood cognitive function. A total of 715 participants (52% female, mean age at cognitive testing: 62 years) had completed tooth metals analysis. The association between lead and performance on the vocabulary test was positive and statistically significantly different from the other tests. For each part per million (ppm) higher second trimester tooth dentin lead concentration, performance on a composite of tests excluding vocabulary was 0.07 SDs lower (95% CI -0.15 to 0.02). This effect was similar when coadjusting for third trimester and postnatal lead. These findings were driven by females, among whom each 1 ppm higher second trimester lead concentration was statistically significantly associated with 0.16 SD worse cognitive function (95% CI -0.29 to -0.03), equivalent to a 3-year difference in age in the same model. The results were robust to adjustment for additional potential sources of confounding and alternate methods of averaging tooth lead concentrations. We found suggestive evidence for associations between early lead exposures and later adulthood cognitive function, although these only reached statistical significance for second trimester lead exposure among females. A coadjusted analysis suggested the second trimester may be most relevant for later cognitive function.
2. Asian Immigrant Parents' Language Use and Perceptions of Parent-Child Relationship Quality.
期刊: Family process 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Research on Asian immigrant families has primarily focused on the influence of cultural factors, such as acculturation, on parent-child relationships, yet emerging research suggests that language use may play a critical role, especially when multiple languages (e.g., English and/or a heritage language; HL) may be used in the parent-child communication context. This exploratory study investigated the associations between parent language use and perceived parent-child relationship quality (i.e., positive relationship, parent-child conflict) among Asian immigrant parents (N = 90) of early adolescents ages 9-13. A MANCOVA was conducted to examine these associations, controlling for parent and child sociodemographic factors. Results indicated that parent-reported language use was significantly associated with perceived parent-child conflict: English-speaking parents reported higher levels of parent-child conflict (M = 1.65, SE = 0.29) than their HL-speaking (M = 0.61, SE = 0.30) and bilingual counterparts (M = 0.81, SE = 0.19; F(2, 80) = 4.04, p = 0.021, partial η2 = 0.09). When comparing the English language group against the bilingual language group, perceived parent-child conflict was statistically significant (p = 0.048). Parent-reported language use was not associated with perceived positive relationships. Findings highlight language use as an important mechanism in shaping parent-child relationships in Asian immigrant families, above and beyond the effects of acculturation. Greater attention to language use may strengthen future research and family interventions aimed at improving parent-child relationships in Asian immigrant families.
3. Efficacy of Standardized Physical Therapy and Axillary Motor Stimulation for Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
期刊: American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 发表日期: 2026-Mar-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
Many with chronic shoulder pain due to subacromial impingement syndrome have persistent pain. Motor stimulation is an emerging treatment that may increase efficacy of physical therapy as part of a multimodal treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of physical therapy and axillary motor stimulation among participants with chronic subacromial pain. This study used a dual-site, randomized, participant and assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred sixteen participants with chronic shoulder pain due to subacromial impingement syndrome. Participants were randomized to receive physical therapy + motor stimulation (n = 60) or physical therapy + no stimulation (n = 56). The primary outcome was the worst pain in the past week (Brief Pain Inventory, Short Form, question 3). Secondary outcome measures included other questions of the Brief Pain Inventory, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Functional Assessment Test-Hand/Neck/Shoulder/Arm, and Short-Form 36. Both groups experienced significant improvements over time in all assessed outcome measures. There was not a significant difference between the groups. No significant adverse events related to the interventions were observed. For those with chronic subacromial impingement syndrome, physical therapy + motor stimulation is efficacious in reducing shoulder pain and improving function, although physical therapy alone may be sufficient if patients can complete a standardized protocol.
4. Susceptibility of Gecko Cell Line for Cultivation and Adaptation of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus as an Experimental Vaccine.
期刊: Veterinary medicine and science 发表日期: 2026-Mar 链接: PubMed
摘要
Nowadays, vaccination is the primary and most effective method for preventing and controlling Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A study examined the potential of a new Gecko cell line (Z1) for cultivating IBDV due to evolutionary similarities between birds and reptiles. After observing complete cytopathic effects (CPE), virus titre was determined using the TCID50 assay, and viral replication was confirmed using an RT-PCR test. In the next step, 150 broiler chickens (15 days old) were randomly divided into three equal groups for immune response measurements: G1: immunized/commercial vaccine, G2: immunized/experimental vaccine and G3: control. Antibody responses and the bursal index were evaluated on different days post-immunization. On the basis of the results, CPE of the virus was noticeable from the first passage, becoming complete by the second passage, and an infectious titre of the virus was 107.1. Antibodies titres in both vaccinated groups differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the control group 21 days post-immunization. The bursal index did not significantly differ among the vaccinated and control groups at different times. Overall, this research is the first successful report on cultivating IBDV on a permanent cell line derived from a reptile (Z1), with the advantages of low population doubling time. Considering the approach of replacing cell-based culture methods instead of egg-based, it may be possible to use this cell line extensively in the future by completing the preliminary studies of this research.
5. Gpr75 Deletion in Adipocytes Protects From Diet-Induced Obesity: Changes in Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammatory Responses.
期刊: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-28 链接: PubMed
摘要
Loss of function G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) variants in humans are associated with leanness, and Gpr75 null mice are protected from diet-induced obesity (DIO). However, the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of adipocyte-derived Gpr75 to DIO. Adipocyte-specific Gpr75 knockout (adipo-Gpr75-/-) male and female mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Metabolic parameters including body weight, energy intake and expenditure, activity, and glucose metabolism were monitored before and after diet feeding. While WT mice obtained a diabetogenic phenotype on HFD, the adipo-Gpr75-/- counterparts were protected. This protection showed sexual dimorphism. Female adipo-Gpr75-/- mice displayed a 50% (p < 0.001) decrease in weight gain and adiposity compared to WT, whereas male adipo-Gpr75-/- gained weight like WT mice. Interestingly, both male and female adipo-Gpr75-/- mice exhibited improved glucose handling compared to WT, which was correlated to decreased adiposity, abrogated adipose tissue inflammation, and increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Importantly, no differences in food intake were observed; however, adipo-Gpr75-/- mice exhibited increased activity and energy expenditure, regardless of sex. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that deletion of GPR75 specifically in adipocytes is sufficient to confer protection against DIO and suggest that adipocyte-derived GPR75 contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of DIO potentially by mechanisms that may include promotion of inflammation, impairment of insulin signaling, and disruption of metabolic homeostasis.
6. Negative social ties as emerging risk factors for accelerated aging, inflammation, and multimorbidity.
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 发表日期: 2026-Feb-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Negative social ties, or “hasslers,” are pervasive yet understudied components of social networks that may accelerate biological aging and morbidity. Using ego-centric network data and DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks (i.e., DunedinPACE and age-accelerated GrimAge2) from saliva from a state representative probability sample in Indiana, we examine how negative social ties are associated with accelerated biological aging and a broad range of health outcomes, including inflammation and multimorbidity. Negative relationships are not rare within close relationships, as nearly 30% of individuals report having at least one hassler in their network. These hasslers tend to occupy peripheral network positions and are more likely to be connected through weak, uniplex ties. Importantly, exposure to negative social ties follows patterns of social and health vulnerability, with women, daily smokers, people in poorer health, and those with adverse childhood experiences more likely to report having hasslers in their networks. Having more hasslers is associated with accelerated biological aging in both rate and cumulative burden: Each additional hassler corresponds to approximately 1.5% faster pace of aging and roughly 9 mo older biological age. Moreover, not all hasslers exert the same influence; kin and nonkin hasslers show detrimental associations, whereas spouse hasslers do not. Finally, a greater number of hasslers is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes beyond epigenetic aging. These findings together highlight the critical role of negative social ties in biological aging as chronic stressors and the need for interventions that reduce harmful social exposures to promote healthier aging trajectories.
7. Oncogenic function and transcriptional dynamics of MYCN in liver tumorigenesis.
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 发表日期: 2026-Feb-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages and characterized by high recurrence rates. Although chronic liver inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are established contributors to tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms that link microenvironmental stress to malignant transformation remain poorly understood. MYCN, a proto-oncogenic transcription factor, has emerged as a potential biomarker of cancer stemness. However, its role in hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the oncogenic role of MYCN and its dynamic transcriptional regulation during liver tumorigenesis. Using a hydrodynamic tail vein injection-based transposon system in mice, we demonstrated that MYCN overexpression synergizes with AKT activation to promote liver tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that MYCN-driven tumors exhibited features of human HCC subtypes enriched in stress-adaptive transcriptional programs. Time-resolved spatial transcriptomics further uncovered a MYCN-enriched niche characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which expanded during tumor progression and was spatially proximate to transformed malignant cells. To translate these findings to human HCC, we developed a machine learning-based MYCN niche score and validated its clinical relevance across multiple human HCC cohorts. This score reliably predicted recurrence risk and identified EMT-prone microenvironments, with stronger predictive performance in nontumor tissues, suggesting its potential in detecting precancerous niches predisposed to de novo tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings establish MYCN as a functional driver and spatial marker of tumor-promoting microenvironments in liver tumorigenesis; additionally, we propose a clinically actionable strategy to identify high-risk patients through transcriptomic profiling of nontumor liver tissue.
8. Increasing synchronicity of global extreme fire weather.
期刊: Science advances 发表日期: 2026-Feb-20 链接: PubMed
摘要
Concurrent extreme fire weather creates favorable conditions for widespread large fires, which can complicate the coordination of fire suppression resources and degrade regional air quality. Here, we examine the patterns and trends of intra- and interregional synchronous fire weather (SFW) and explore their links to climate variability and air quality impacts. We find climatologically elevated intraregional SFW in boreal regions, as well as interregional synchronicity among northern temperate and boreal regions. Significant increases in SFW occurred during 1979 to 2024, with more than a twofold increase observed in most regions. We estimate that over half of the observed increase is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Internal modes of climate variability strongly influence SFW in several regions, including Equatorial Asia, which experiences 43 additional intraregional SFW days during El Niño years. Furthermore, SFW is strongly correlated with regional fire-sourced PM2.5 in multiple regions globally. These findings highlight the growing challenges posed by SFW for firefighting coordination and human health.
9. Antigenic Drift and Antivaccine Shift in the 2025-2026 Influenza Season.
期刊: The New England journal of medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
10. Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Gene Therapy for Cystinosis.
期刊: The New England journal of medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-19 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cystinosis is a multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in CTNS, the gene encoding cystinosin, a lysosomal transmembrane cystine transporter. In patients with cystinosis, cystine accumulates within lysosomes in all organs. The cystine-depleting agent cysteamine delays but does not prevent disease progression. In this phase 1-2, open-label, ongoing clinical study, we performed a preliminary assessment of CTNS-RD-04, which consists of autologous CD34+ cells transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying CTNS complementary DNA, in patients with cystinosis. The primary end points were the safety and the side-effect profiles of CTNS-RD-04. Secondary end points were measures of efficacy, including white-cell cystine levels and cystine storage depletion. Oral cysteamine was withdrawn before CTNS-RD-04 infusion, and cysteamine eyedrops were withdrawn 1 month after myeloablation. Six participants (20 to 46 years of age) received CTNS-RD-04 and were followed for 29 to 63 months. CTNS-RD-04 doses ranged from 3.63×106 to 9.59×106 CD34+ cells per kilogram of body weight, and vector copy numbers ranged from 0.59 to 2.91 copies per diploid genome. All the patients had sustained and highly polyclonal hematopoietic reconstitution; vector copy numbers at 24 months ranged from 0.51 to 2.67 copies per diploid genome. A total of 217 adverse events occurred, most of which were mild or moderate in severity and largely consistent with the procedures and underlying disease. No evidence of monoclonal expansion was noted. White-cell cystine levels decreased from baseline except in Patient 4, who had the lowest vector copy number. In this small study, CTNS-RD-04, an ex vivo gene therapy for cystinosis, had adverse effects that were largely consistent with the myeloablative regimen and underlying disease profile. White-cell cystine levels decreased after therapy. (Funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03897361.).
11. Social Isolation and Sensory Difficulties: A Comparison of Populations from Mexico and the United States.
期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
This cross-sectional study examined differences in the prevalence of sensory difficulties (vision/hearing) and concurrent social isolation among older adults from Mexico and the United States. Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (age 50+) and the Health and Retirement Study (ages 51+), we explored how sensory difficulties are related to social isolation among Mexican, U.S. Hispanic, and U.S. non-Hispanic older adults. Social isolation was measured by assessing whether participants lived alone, had weekly contact with children and friends/relatives, and participated in weekly social activities. An ANOVA analysis identified that Mexican MHAS and U.S. Hispanic individuals had higher rates of vision and hearing difficulties than U.S. non-Hispanics, yet social isolation was lower. Regression models with hearing and vision difficulties predicting social isolation by country/ethnicity indicated that sensory difficulties are more strongly related to social isolation for U.S. non-Hispanic individuals compared to U.S. Hispanic and Mexican individuals. Sensory difficulties, including vision and hearing difficulties, are prevalent among older adults, disproportionately affecting Mexican and U.S. Hispanic individuals. Social determinants of health are potential drivers of these disparities. Mexican and U.S. Hispanic older adults experience lower levels of social isolation, potentially because of culturally motivated familismo.
12. From Hemocuprein to CSRP: the Many Faces of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase.
期刊: Metallomics : integrated biometal science 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
From bacteria to humans, the highly conserved Cu and Zn containing superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) plays a pivotal role in free radical biology. By using Cu to disproportionate superoxide at rates that approach diffusion limits, Cu/Zn SODs are premier antioxidants. Interestingly, during eukaryotic evolution, several derivatives of the Cu/Zn SOD polypeptide appeared, where the Cu and/or Zn sites were lost and in some cases, Cu/Zn SOD-like sequences were replicated or fused to other protein domains. Such variations of Cu/Zn SOD include the CCS Cu chaperone, fungal Cu-only SODs and animal CSRP (Cu-only SOD repeat proteins). Here we review the unique biophysical properties and biological functions of these Cu/Zn SOD-like proteins. CCS appeared early in eukaryotic evolution, where a primordial Cu/Zn SOD lost its Cu site and was fused to other Cu binding domains, creating a dual Cu/molecular chaperone for intracellular Cu/Zn SOD. In the Opisthokont supergroup of eukaryotes that formed fungi and animals, a Cu/Zn SOD lost its Zn binding capacity and structural loop VII, forming Cu-only SODs of fungi and tandemly amplified Cu-only SODs in animal CSRP. Cu-only SODs and Cu-binding CSRPs are efficient SODs, and with lowered Cu binding affinities, have evolved to function exclusively outside the cell. Cu-only SODs promote virulence of pathogenic fungi, and recent studies have implicated a role for amphibian CSRP in tissue regeneration, a process involving reactive oxygen species. We have just begun to understand how nature has diversified the Cu/Zn SOD template to create new molecules for metal and free radical biology.
13. Machine learning and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based model for road crash severity prediction and behavioural pattern analysis.
期刊: Traffic injury prevention 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Jordan. This study develops a hybrid machine learning and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based framework to predict crash severity and identify behavioral, environmental, and infrastructural factors contributing to injury outcomes. A dataset of 11,345 crashes from the Jordan Traffic Institute (2018) was analyzed. After encoding, imputation, normalization, and outlier treatment, a two-stage analytical design was applied. First, association rule mining (Apriori; minimum support 0.05, confidence 0.60) was used to uncover dominant behavioral and environmental patterns linked to different injury levels. Second, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and AdaBoost models were trained (70/30 split) to classify severity (slight, medium, severe, fatal). Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices. GIS-based kernel density estimation was used to detect spatial hotspots of severe and fatal crashes. Association rules revealed strong links between nighttime driving, young drivers, and lack of seatbelt use with fatal outcomes. GIS analysis identified high-risk clusters on major urban area in Zarqa, Awajan, and Al-Rusayfah. The Random Forest model achieved the highest predictive performance (accuracy: 98.5-99.9%). Key predictors included crash type, vehicle speed, time of day, driver age, and road characteristics. The proposed hybrid ML-GIS framework offers highly accurate severity prediction and reveals spatial and behavioral patterns critical for targeted safety interventions. Findings highlight the dominant influence of temporal and infrastructural factors over driver characteristics, supporting evidence-based engineering and enforcement strategies in Jordan.
14. Mapping clusters of road traffic accident fatalities and injuries: A spatiotemporal study in Isfahan Province, Iran.
期刊: Traffic injury prevention 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) pose a significant challenge to global public health. In Iran, Isfahan Province experiences a high rate of RTAs, leading to many injuries and fatalities. Despite this, no comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of RTA outcomes has been conducted in this region. To address this research gap, this study presents the first disaggregate-level spatiotemporal analysis of RTA injuries and fatalities in Isfahan Province by applying advanced spatial statistical techniques to identify critical patterns in RTA-related outcomes. The research uses RTA data for the years 2017-2019 to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of fatalities and injuries caused by RTAs. The analysis focuses on major suburban roadways in Isfahan Province, Iran. To measure overall spatial autocorrelation, Global Moran’s I was employed, while localized hotspots were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Analyses were conducted on the whole dataset as well as separately for each year and each season to examine temporal variations. Moran’s I test showed a strong spatial clustering pattern for RTA fatalities during the winter season. The spatial patterns during the other seasons did not reveal clustering, indicating randomness. Spatial clustering for the injury cases was consistently present across most temporal scales except during the autumn and winter seasons, where patterns approached randomness. Furthermore, Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis detected obvious geographic hotspots and coldspots for both fatalities and injuries at different temporal scales, providing overall insights into high-risk areas. This study contributes to the field of traffic safety by providing the first spatiotemporal analysis of RTA injuries and fatalities in Isfahan Province, addressing a significant research gap. The application of spatial statistical methods at seasonal and annual scales unveiled distinct patterns of high-risk areas and differences in the spatial distributions of injuries and fatalities. The findings will help shift from broad policies to targeted, data-driven strategies that can guide enforcement, optimal placement of emergency stations, and resource allocation tailored to identified high-risk areas to enhance road safety and reduce RTA-related injuries and fatalities in the region.
15. Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Emergency Department-Based Violence Intervention Programs in the United Kingdom: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study.
期刊: JMIR research protocols 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs), based in Emergency Departments (EDs), have been proposed as a public health response to violence. These programs address the underlying reasons why patients are exposed to violence. In addressing any underlying modifiable risks and vulnerabilities HVIPs can reduce patients’ exposure to violence and therefore subsequent unplanned attendance into ED. The objectives of this study are to (1) assess whether patient involvement with a HVIP reduces the likelihood of unscheduled ED reattendance, (2) determine whether the presence of the HVIP improves ascertainment of violence in ED attendances, and (3) derive the costs of the HVIP and compare those to the benefits of the intervention and understand whether the HVIP represents value for money from a health service perspective. If an effect is observed, then models will estimate the health impacts, costs and potential savings over a longer time (eg, 10 years) period and for a national roll-out. ED patients are eligible for inclusion in the evaluation if they are normally resident in Wales, United Kingdom, aged 11 years and older. A controlled longitudinal natural experiment will be undertaken. The primary outcome is derived from the Emergency Department Dataset, routinely collected for all EDs in Wales, and is subsequent unplanned ED attendance. Case patients will be matched to control patients attending EDs without an HVIP. Analysis will derive the hazard rate for subsequent unplanned ED attendances using recurrent event analysis. The total monthly count of patients identified as attending because of violence in intervention EDs will be compared to the total count of Welsh control EDs in an interrupted time-series analysis to determine whether HVIPS increase violence ascertainment. To determine whether referral, versus no referral, to the HVIP represents value for money, we will undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the National Health Service. The approval to access and analyze data housed in the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 27001 certified and UK Statistics Authority accredited secure data environment, was granted by the SAIL independent Information Governance Review Panel (Ref: 1421). Findings will be presented at local, national, and international conferences and disseminated by peer-reviewed publication. Design inputs arising from public patient involvement and engagement (PPIE) are reported. As a protocol, no further results are available. Novel methods are developed to provide the first robust evaluation of Emergency Department Violence Intervention Programs (EDVIPs). ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN68945844; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN68945844?q=68945844&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10. PRR1-10.2196/86247.
16. Associations Among Cyberbullying Victimization, Inhibitory Control, Neural Activation of Error Processing, and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents: Neuroimaging, Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study Using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Data.
期刊: Journal of medical Internet research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cyberbullying victimization is prevalent and closely linked to mental health problems. However, existing research, often limited by cross-sectional designs and a focus on direct relationships, has yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and psychopathological outcomes remain largely unclear at present. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations among cyberbullying victimization, inhibitory control, brain activation during error processing, and mental health problems among adolescents. We curated the clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging data (551/1186, 46.5% girls; 9-10 years at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, a nationally representative cohort established through school-based probability sampling (selected factors included gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity). Participants were assessed by the cyberbullying question, the functional magnetic resonance imaging stop signal task for inhibitory control and error processing, and the Child Behavioral Checklist for externalizing and internalizing problems at 2-year (T1) and 4-year follow-up (T2). Linear mixed models were used to examine the retrospective longitudinal associations between these clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging factors. Linear mixed models showed that victims of cyberbullying at T1 exhibited significantly greater externalizing problems at T2 (β=0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.45, PFDR=.02), but not for internalizing problems (β=-0.01, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.19, PFDR=.99) or deficits in inhibitory control (Correct Stop Rate: β=-0.02, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.21, PFDR=.85; Stop Signal Reaction Time: β=-0.07, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.13, PFDR=.85). Furthermore, cyberbullying victimization at T1 contributed to higher activation in the bilateral superior parietal gyri (left: β=0.36, 95% CI 0.10-0.61, PFDR=.04; right: β=0.34, 95% CI 0.08-0.59, PFDR=.04), right inferior parietal gyrus (β=0.32, 95% CI 0.07-0.57, PFDR=.04), and right posterior cingulate cortex (β=0.34, 95% CI 0.09-0.60, PFDR=.04) during error processing at T2. However, these neural alterations did not significantly mediate between cyberbullying victimization at T1 and externalizing problems at T2. This longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigates neural correlates of cyberbullying victimization in adolescents. By extending prior research that has relied primarily on cross-sectional or behavioral data, this research demonstrates that this form of victimization is associated with altered neural activation during error processing in later development. The pattern of nonsignificant impairment in inhibitory control and mediation to externalizing problems suggests that these neural impacts may be better characterized by a state of heightened sensitivity and compensatory engagement than by direct damage. Overall, this study points to the error-processing network as a potential target for cognitive interventions and establishes a foundation for further exploration of other neural mechanisms between cyberbullying victimization and mental health outcomes.
17. Examining Artificial Intelligence Chatbots' Responses in Providing Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Information for Young Adults: Qualitative Content Analysis.
期刊: JMIR public health and surveillance 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots for seeking health-related information is concerning, as they were not originally developed for delivering medical guidance. The quality of AI chatbots’ responses relies heavily on their training data and is often limited in medical contexts due to their lack of specific training data in medical literature. Findings on the quality of AI chatbot responses related to health are mixed. Some studies showed the quality surpassed physicians’ responses, while others revealed occasional major errors and low readability. This study addresses a critical gap by examining the performance of various AI chatbots in a complex, misinformation-rich environment. This study examined AI chatbots’ responses to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related questions by analyzing structure, linguistic features, information accuracy and currency, and vaccination stance. We conducted a qualitative content analysis following the approach outlined by Schreier to examine 4 selected AI chatbots’ (ChatGPT 4, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, DeepSeek V3, and Docus [General AI Doctor]) responses to HPV vaccine questions. These questions, simulated by young adults, were adapted from items on the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale and Google Trends. The selection criteria for AI chatbots included popularity, accessibility, countries of origin, response update methods, and intended use. Two researchers, simulating a 22-year-old man or woman, collected 8 conversations between February 22 and 28, 2025. We used a deductive approach to develop initial code groups, then an inductive approach to generate codes. The responses were analyzed based on a comprehensive codebook, with codes examining response structure, linguistic features, information accuracy and currency, and vaccination stance. We also assessed readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Reading Ease Score. All AI chatbots cited evidence-based sources from reputable health organizations. We found no fabricated information or inaccuracies in numerical data. For complex questions, all AI chatbots appropriately deferred to health care professionals’ suggestions. All AI chatbots maintained a neutral or provaccine stance, corresponding with scientific consensus. The mean and range of response lengths varied [word count; ChatGPT: 436.4 (218-954); Claude: 188.0 (138-255); DeepSeek: 510.0 (325-735); and Docus: 159.4 (61-200)], as did readability [Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level; ChatGPT: 10.7 (6.0-14.9); Claude: 13.2 (7.7-17.8); DeepSeek: 11.3 (7.0-14.7); and Docus: 12.2 (8.9-15.5); and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Score; ChatGPT: 46.8 (25.4-72.2); Claude: 32.5 (6.3-67.3); DeepSeek: 43.7 (22.8-67.4); and Docus: 40.5 (19.6-58.2)]. ChatGPT and Claude offered personalized responses, while DeepSeek and Docus lacked this. Occasionally, some responses included broken or irrelevant links and medical jargon. Amidst an online environment saturated with misinformation, AI chatbots have the potential to serve as an alternative source of accurate HPV-related information to conventional online platforms (websites and social media). Improvements in readability, personalization, and link accuracy are still needed. Furthermore, we recommend that users treat AI chatbots as complements, not replacements, to health care professionals’ guidance on clinical settings.
18. Effectiveness of Step Goal Personalization Strategies on Physical Activity in a Mobile Health App: A Field Study.
期刊: JMIR mHealth and uHealth 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Goal personalization features integrated into mobile health apps have the potential to enhance physical activity, as some evidence shows that the personalized goals generated by algorithms are more effective than default or fixed goals. However, it remains unclear whether goals set by users are more effective than fixed goals and which personalization strategy is more effective for different user segments. This field study aimed to evaluate (1) the efficacy of 2 step goal personalization strategies-personalized-by-you and personalized-by-the-algorithm-and (2) which strategy is more effective among users with different activity levels. All users of SamenGezond, a Dutch mobile health app, have a default goal of 2000 steps per day, 5 days a week. For this study, 2 random groups were selected, totaling 5800 users. Subsequently, an email was sent to 3800 users in group 1, asking whether they were satisfied with their current goal. Those who were not satisfied were offered 2 personalization options: to set a goal themselves or to have the algorithm integrated in the app set goals for them. In total, 1399 users responded: 230 chose to set their own goals (personalized-by-you group), 236 opted for setting the goal by the algorithm (personalized-by-the-algorithm group), and 933 chose to keep the default goal (not-changed group). The algorithm used a moving-window percentile rank method based on step data from the previous 4 weeks. Users who did not personalize retained the default goal. The remaining 2000 users in group 2 did not receive the email and also retained the default goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of step goal personalization strategies, we used propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis. Users in the personalized-by-you group increased weekly step count by 3793 a week, while those in the personalized-by-the-algorithm group increased by 4315 steps a week, compared with the not-changed group (users with default goals). The 2 strategies appear to have a similar effect. Interestingly, users in the not-changed group also increased their weekly steps by 1759. Furthermore, the effectiveness of each strategy varied by baseline activity level. The personalized-by-you strategy was effective for medium- (increase of 5842 steps) and high-active users (increase of 4266 steps) but not for low-active users (increase of 384 steps; P=.82). Conversely, the personalized-by-the-algorithm strategy was effective for low- (increase of 5095 steps) and medium-active users (increase of 5278 steps) but not for high-active users (increase of 1446 steps; P=.51). Step goal personalization demonstrates short-term effectiveness. However, their impact varies by users’ baseline activity levels, indicating the need for a tailored approach for different user segments. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of such interventions to design sustainable health behavior change strategies.
19. A Short Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Oral Anticancer Agents: Multicenter Observational Study.
期刊: JMIR formative research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Michigan Oncology Quality Consortium developed a rapid patient-reported outcome measure (RapidPRO) focused on oral anticancer agents (OAAs). We piloted this measure in 6 oncology practices to determine its usefulness in representing the symptom experience and medication adherence among individuals taking OAAs. It is common in oncology for cancer-specific approaches to be used. We sought to use 1 instrument for all OAAs as a means to simplify future implementation in practice. This study aimed to describe the use of RapidPRO in practice and quantify clinical metrics in RapidPRO for symptom burden, confidence to manage symptoms, confidence to know when to seek care, and OAA medication adherence. This observational study was conducted across 6 practices from July 2016 to December 2018. RapidPRO assesses symptoms, patient confidence, and medication adherence with respect to OAAs. There were 2252 RapidPROs completed by 695 patients. Among individuals completing at least 2 RapidPROs, the median number of days between them was 28 (IQR 14-42). Of the 2252 completed RapidPROs, 1213 (53.9%) reported at least one moderate or severe symptom, and 28% (485/1705) reported medication nonadherence. Most bothersome symptoms (MBSs; n=1045) were reported in 35.1% (790/2252) of the RapidPROs, and 46.5% (323/695) of all patients reported an MBS. In exploratory analyses, RapidPROs that reported a moderate or severe symptom or lower confidence to manage symptoms were more likely to be nonadherent to OAA therapy. The most common reason for medication nonadherence was “experienced side effects.” These results show that most RapidPROs reported at least one moderate or severe symptom and 28% (485/1705) reported medication nonadherence. As well, RapidPRO was able to capture most patients’ MBSs. By implementing RapidPRO, practices can identify patients who experience symptoms, as well as those who report medication nonadherence.
20. Closing the digital divide for hemodialysis patients: implementing technology training and support in a digital patient activation intervention.
期刊: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
To detail patient challenges, and how technology support addressed them, in a remote patient activation intervention for hemodialysis patients (n = 93) from trained patient mentors (n = 26). Using digital divide theory-derived codes, content analysis of: technology support program delivery data, hemodialysis clinic staff interviews, and support staff reflection papers. Descriptive statistics from postintervention mentee/mentor surveys. All mentees and 46.2% of mentors received support. Motivational access was targeted with explanations, rapport, and support availability. Study-provided, data-capable tablets enhanced material access, but internet access barriers persisted. Skills access was addressed by training; password-related challenges initially dominated. For usage access, on-demand technology support was balanced by engagement support: proactive prementoring session calls and login monitoring. Interventionists should examine internet coverage in targeted areas, potentially using multiple carriers. A balance between password usability and security is required. Engagement support may be needed. Technology support can close patient digital divides.
21. From Efficacy to Access in Long-Acting HIV Therapy.
期刊: The New England journal of medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
22. Plasma biomarkers of immunothrombosis are independently associated with death in patients with COVID-19 on ECMO.
期刊: The Journal of infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Critical illness in COVID-19 may require support with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). As immunothrombosis contributes to pathogenesis of critical illness we quantified immunothrombotic markers in patients with COVID-19 on ECMO and evaluated the predictive capacity of these markers for death. We performed a retrospective analysis of 74 consecutive patients with COVID-19 on ECMO at a single academic medical center between March 2020 and February 2021. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid RNA and 16 immunothrombotic biomarkers were longitudinally quantified. Biomarker trajectories were assessed with univariate and multivariate models and used to predict death and decannulation across multiple models. Male sex, smoking status, high serum bilirubin level, and low partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) ratio were associated with an increased risk of death. Plasma levels of 10 immunothrombotic markers were significantly elevated in fatal cases. Elevated IL-8 and von Willebrand factor (VWF) were associated with an increased hazard of death and elevated angiopoietin-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, ICAM, p-selectin, syndecan-1, and VWF were associated with a decreased hazard for decannulation when adjusting for sex, smoking status, and time to cannulation. Predictive models incorporating biomarkers were superior to demographics alone and equivalent to models including clinical information. We found increased immunothrombotic markers, male sex, and history of smoking were risk factors in patients with COVID-19 on ECMO who died as compared to those who were decannulated. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and prognostication.
23. Response: Letter to the Editor regarding International multi-stakeholder consensus statement on post-publication integrity issues in randomized clinical trials by Cairo Consensus Group.
期刊: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
24. Improving voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing through a clinical decision support system: enhancing antifungal stewardship.
期刊: Informatics for health & social care 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Voriconazole (VCZ) is a first-line antifungal agent for treating invasive fungal infections. However, due to its narrow therapeutic index and high pharmacokinetic variability, standard dosing can be subtherapeutic or toxic. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is recommended to optimize VCZ therapy. To enhance TDM based dosing, we implemented a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) integrated into our electronic health record (EHR) that generates alerts at VCZ prescribing and dispensing points. These alerts display the most recent TDM result and interpretation and include an option to request a new TDM order. The study comprised three phases: pre-implementation, transitional, and post-implementation. We reviewed VCZ orders extracted from the EHR, analyzing a total of 2199 orders with recent TDM results. Physician compliance with TDM-guided dosing notably increased from 52.2% in the pre-implementation period to 94.7% post-implementation (p < .05). Pharmacist compliance also rose from 90.5% to 95.6% during the same timeframe (p < .05). The CDSS also supported more patients reaching therapeutic levels and reduced prescriptions for extreme doses. Integrating TDM recommendations into a CDSS significantly improved adherence by physicians and pharmacists to TDM-guided VCZ dosing. This approach highlights the value of health information systems in optimizing personalized antifungal therapy and stewardship.
25. Kidney transplantation in Africa - workforce, capabilities, and perceived barriers.
期刊: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Access to kidney transplantation (KT) in Africa is reported to be limited. Lack of registry data and reliance on single-centre reports limits an accurate overview of KT on the continent. We therefore undertook a survey of all African Association of Nephrology (AFRAN) affiliated nephrologists to describe KT practices and challenges on the continent. Voluntary participants (n = 317) were recruited from AFRAN social media platforms using snowball sampling. Participants completed an anonymised survey detailing KT practices and barriers using a Likert scale. Training and practice in KT and perceived barriers were described for the survey as a whole and sub-analysed by KT programme capability and country. Most respondents (66.9%) were active in KT to some degree; 73.2% reported having received KT training. KT-active respondents were heterogeneously distributed, with the majority practicing in North Africa, Nigeria, and South Africa. 71.3% of respondents, representing 28 nations, reported access to a KT programme, with 18 nations reporting at least 1 local centre performing engraftment; deceased donor (DD) engraftment was available in only 6 nations. State-funded KT was available in 12 nations with the remainder relying on mixed or patient-funded models. Formalized KT regulation was reported by 26 nations. Cost of KT, lack of government support and policy, and sociocultural factors were commonly identified as barriers to KT. Resource limitations continue to restrict access to KT in Africa. Government support is required to facilitate funding and policy development to overcome these challenges.
26. Framing the Convergence of One Health and Digital Health in the Global South With a Gender-Sensitive Foresight Perspective: Delphi Study Using Latent Semantic Analysis.
期刊: Journal of medical Internet research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
The convergence of digital health and One Health represents an emergent paradigm in global health governance. While widely discussed in high-income settings, there is limited understanding of how this convergence is conceptualized in the Global South, particularly when viewed through a gender- and equity-sensitive foresight lens. This study aimed to map and classify expert discourse on digital health, One Health, and their convergence in the Global South using latent semantic analysis, with particular attention to structural drivers, emerging issues, weak signals, and gendered patterns of anticipation. A 3-round online Delphi survey was conducted with 45 experts from 19 countries across the Global South. Open-ended responses were analyzed using latent semantic analysis and stratified by gender. A foresight framework was applied to categorize topics as structural drivers, emerging issues, or weak signals, based on their temporal persistence, salience, and consensus. In digital health, structural drivers included the systemic integration of digital technologies into public health systems, strategic alignment, and infrastructure development. Emerging issues comprised the adoption of artificial intelligence, chronic disease management via mobile health, and concerns about digital inclusion and interoperability. Weak signals included feminist digital ethics, trust in digital systems, and relational accountability-more frequently emphasized by female experts. In One Health, structural drivers were centered on intersectoral coordination, ecological integration, and the institutionalization of health-environment frameworks. Emerging issues encompassed anticipatory risk governance, food system sustainability, and the integration of environmental and population-level data. Weak signals included indigenous knowledge systems, subnational antimicrobial resistance governance, and structural underinvestment in ecological public health, with gendered divergence in framing. In the convergence discourse (digital health and One Health), structural drivers focused on the integration of digital surveillance systems, data infrastructures, and health information platforms to operationalize One Health. Emerging issues included climate-triggered system redesign, artificial intelligence and ecological monitoring, and the governance of cross-sectoral data. Weak signals pointed to algorithmic bias in zoonotic prediction, digital sovereignty in environmental health, and feminist critiques of convergence-all thematically rich but peripheral in consensus. This study revealed a multilayered and gender-influenced foresight architecture shaping the future of digital health and One Health in the Global South. Structural drivers denote maturing domains of implementation, while emerging issues and weak signals highlight latent, often overlooked opportunities and tensions. Incorporating equity-sensitive and gender-aware foresight methods is essential for crafting inclusive and anticipatory health governance strategies.
27. Pesticide-free agriculture: Is a third way possible besides organic and conventional agriculture?
期刊: Plant disease 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect crops from animal pests, diseases, and weeds, helping to maintain yields under diverse production conditions. However, their widespread and repeated use has led to environmental contamination, biodiversity loss, and growing concerns about human health. While Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and organic farming have sought to reduce pesticide dependency, both approaches still permit pesticide use, and their adoption remains limited due to technical and economic constraints. In this context, we explore the feasibility of a third way: pesticide-free agriculture based on agroecological crop protection (ACP) principles. Drawing from the Rés0Pest experimental network launched in France in 2012, we present ten years of results from nine sites covering a range of pedo-climatic conditions and socio-economic contexts. Rés0Pest implemented cropping systems that excluded all pesticide use, including seed treatments, while maintaining synthetic fertilizer inputs. The systems were co-designed through participatory methods, following a system experiment approach that evaluates the effects of a combination of cropping practices and their interactions on cropping system performance over the long term. Results showed that in pesticide-free systems, it is possible to achieve yields comparable to conventional and higher than organic systems and, in some cases, generate higher net farm income. Pest and pathogen crop damage did not significantly increase over time, although weed management remained a key challenge. These findings suggest that technically and economically viable pesticide-free arable systems are possible under certain conditions, and that new solutions are needed to support their adoption across a wider range of contexts. We discuss implications for research, farming, and policy, and emphasize the need for adaptive experimentation and systemic performance assessment to support agroecological transitions.
28. Development and Testing of the Social Connection in Long-Term Care Home Residents (SONNET) Scale.
期刊: Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
We aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a new instrument to assess long-term care (LTC) home residents’ social connection. We developed a conceptual model and then used literature review and qualitative interviews to identify candidate items for the Social Connection in Long-Term Care Residents (SONNET) scale, which we refined following pilot and field testing and with patient and public involvement. We evaluated the final instrument’s feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity in 52 LTC resident-staff dyads in the UK and Canada. The 12-item SONNET scale comprises subdomains assessing social engagement and social connectedness, with versions to be rated by a resident or proxy (staff) informant. The SONNET scale is feasible and acceptable, and preliminary testing indicates its reliability and validity. It is available for use to examine social connection in LTC residents. Further testing in diverse samples and confirmation of psychometric properties is needed.
29. Characterization of mesocolic adipose hyperplasia in a rat 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis model and comparison to creeping fat in Crohn disease.
期刊: Inflammatory bowel diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Creeping fat (CrF) has emerged as a key pathological feature of Crohn disease (CD). Available data suggest that microbial translocation in CD may trigger CrF development, potentially exacerbating intestinal inflammation and disrupting homeostasis. However, the role of CrF in disease progression remains poorly understood, raising the need for experimental models. Colitis was induced using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in Sprague-Dawley rats kept in conventional housing conditions. Colonoscopy and weight follow-up observations were performed 3 and 5 days after colitis induction. Samples were collected at day 5 for histopathological staining and cytokine gene expression analyses. Mesocolic adipose hyperplasia resembling CrF-like mesentery was present in both male and female TNBS-treated rats, with no significant sex-related variation in prevalence. Endoscopic evaluation revealed that only TNBS-treated rats with a colonoscopic score greater than 7 (out of 9) exhibited a significant presence of a CrF-like mesentery. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the severity of colonic inflammation and the presence of CrF-like mesentery, including hyperplastic adipocytes, increased immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Molecular characterization showed an upregulation of key inflammatory cytokines-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-and the pathogen-recognition receptors-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)-in the CrF-like mesocolon, as observed in human CrF. Finally, animals exhibiting CrF-like mesocolon showed a translocation of Gram-positive cocci in the subserosal layer. Mesocolic hyperplasia, closely replicating the key histopathological and molecular features of CD-related CrF, developed in half of the rats in this model. This model provides a cost-effective platform for studying the interplay between intestinal inflammation and mesenteric adipose tissue remodeling. This study establishes a TNBS-induced rat model replicating key features of Crohn disease-associated creeping fat (CrF), demonstrating the correlation of CrF with colonic inflammation and microbial translocation and providing a relevant preclinical tool to explore mesenteric adipose tissue remodeling.
30. The Opportunity and Need to Improve Young Adult Survivors' Health Insurance Literacy.
期刊: JCO oncology practice 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
31. Community awareness and health providers' perspectives on zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Thailand: A mixed-methods assessment.
期刊: PLoS neglected tropical diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Plasmodium knowlesi poses an emerging challenge for malaria control in Southeast Asia due to its zoonotic nature, diagnostic complexity and lack of species-specific control strategies. These factors complicate both prevention and case management efforts. Understanding both community awareness and healthcare provider perspectives is critical for informing targeted responses. This study aimed to assess awareness of P. knowlesi malaria among at-risk community members in southern Thailand and to explore contextual challenges through qualitative insights from healthcare providers, including provincial officers, district-based malaria control staff, and village health volunteers. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed between April and May 2025. A cross-sectional survey of 300 adults residing in three P. knowlesi-endemic districts was conducted using a structured questionnaire that included eight items assessing overall awareness. Descriptive statistics, violin plots, and multivariable generalized linear modeling were used to identify factors associated with awareness scores. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 healthcare providers across various administrative levels. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Overall awareness of P. knowlesi malaria was moderate (mean score: 10.7/23; SD ± 2.9; range: 3.0-20.0). Female individuals, living farther from health facilities, receiving malaria-related health education, and having higher attitude scores were significantly associated with increased awareness (p < 0.05). Healthcare providers reported a decline in P. knowlesi incidence, alongside persistent transmission risks in forested areas. Health education efforts were largely reactive, delivered following case detection, but often included information about monkey-to-human transmission. Awareness of P. knowlesi malaria remains suboptimal among high-risk populations, particularly among men, those who had received limited health education, and individuals with poor attitudes toward malaria. Integrated, proactive, and male-focused health promotion strategies are essential to enhance community knowledge and support disease control efforts.
32. Emerging Nanomaterials-Based Biosensors for the Clinical and Pathological Detection of E. Coli O157:H7.
期刊: Current microbiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
The swift and accurate detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is vital for safeguarding public health due to the serious health risks it poses. Traditional detection methods, while effective, often face challenges such as prolonged processing times, intricate sample preparation, and reliance on specialized laboratory equipment. To address these issues, significant advancements have been made in the development of nanomaterials-based biosensors over the past two decades. These innovative technologies exploit the unique properties of nanomaterials, including their high surface area, enhanced reactivity, and capacity for rapid signal transduction. This manuscript reviews the recent advancements in biosensor technologies that utilize nanomaterials for detecting E. coli O157:H7, focusing on various strategies such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric biosensors. The benefits of these methods include improved sensitivity and specificity, along with the potential for real-time monitoring in clinical settings. Additionally, the pathological implications of E. coli O157:H7 infections are discussed, emphasizing the importance of timely detection for effective clinical management.
33. Environmental Risks of Pesticide Residues in the Lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia: A Review.
期刊: Environmental management 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Lake Tana, Ethiopia’s largest natural lake and the headwater of the Blue Nile, provides critical ecosystem services and socio-economic benefits. However, rapid agricultural expansion in the Lake Tana sub-basin has led to increased pesticide use, which raises serious environmental concerns. This systematic review synthesi zes information on agricultural pesticide use, their residues in fish, water, and sediments, and the associated ecological and human health risks. A total of 66 active ingredients were identified across 13 districts, with the highest pesticide use reported in Libokemkem, Fogera, and Gondar Zuria. Pesticide use was dominated by insecticides, including several WHO-classified hazardous compounds. Risk Quotients derived from fish body residues identified imidacloprid, oxamyl, and flazasulfuron as priority pesticides posing high to very high risks to Labeobarbus spp. In Lake Tana, legacy organochlorine pesticides (endosulfan, lindane, endrin, DDT, and dieldrin) posed high to very high risks to Oreochromis niloticus. Human health risk assessment based on fish consumption indicated negligible non-carcinogenic risks from both current-use and legacy pesticides. Potentially Affected Fraction (PAF) and multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction (msPAF) analyses indicated severe ecological risks posed by the measured water concentrations across the Lake Tana sub-basin. Sediment-bound pesticides also posed consistently high ecological risks, particularly for persistent organochlorines (lindane, endrin, and dieldrin). Overall, these findings advocate the urgent need for improved pesticide regulation, better management of legacy contaminants, and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices to protect the Lake Tana sub-basin and its vital ecosystem services.
34. Handwriting patterns in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.
期刊: Journal of Parkinson’s disease 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
BackgroundHandwriting changes are recognised as an early manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. Whilst isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is strongly associated with future Parkinson’s diagnosis, changes in handwriting remain under-explored.ObjectiveTo assess the handwriting of people with iRBD and develop a rating scale for detection of early disease clinical hallmarks.MethodsCross-sectional study involving 33 people with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD and 29 controls. Participants copied a standard sentence using pen and paper. A graphologist analysed each script blindly and designed a scale based on observed abnormal patterns which included: micrographia, sentence slope, hidden tremor, retracing, resting marks, irregular shape, excessive pen pressure, and inconsistent word spacing. Each item was scored 0/1 based on their absence/presence. Separately, three blinded movement disorders experts assessed the scripts based on their global clinical impression as well as using the rating scale.ResultsPeople with iRBD were slower to complete the task than controls (76.70 s (SD = 30.39) vs 61 s (SD = 10.71); p = 0.004). Hidden tremor was the most common feature amongst the iRBD group (72.0% vs 34.5%; p = 0.005), followed by sentence slope (60% vs 24% p = 0.005) and pen pressure (48% vs 14%; p = 0.006). Micrographia was observed in both groups (iRBD 45.4%, controls 41.4% p = 0.801). Classification accuracy of the scale for iRBD was higher than expert global assessment (AUC 0.76 vs AUC 0.62; p = 0.029).ConclusionsWriting speed, tremor, pen pressure and sentence slope are handwriting features that warrant further investigation to define early patterns in people with iRBD. Handwriting changes in patients with REM Sleep Disturbances.Plain Language SummaryBackground: Handwriting changes are a known early manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. Whilst disturbances in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are strongly associated with future Parkinson’s diagnosis, changes in handwriting remain under-explored. Objective: To assess the handwriting of people with REM sleep disturbances and develop a rating scale for detection of early disease features. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 33 people with sleep study confirmed REM sleep disturbances and 29 controls. Participants copied a standard sentence using pen and paper. A graphologist analysed each script blindly and designed a scale based on observed abnormal patterns. Each item of abnormal pattern on the scale was scored 0/1 (absence/presence). Separately, three movement disorders experts assessed the scripts based on their global clinical impression as well as using the rating scale. Results: People with REM sleep disturbances were slower to complete the task than controls (76.70s vs 61s). Hidden tremor was the most common feature amongst the iRBD group (72.0% vs 34.5%), followed by sentence slope (60% vs 24%) and pen pressure (48% vs 14%). Micrographia was observed in both groups (iRBD 45.4% vs controls 41.4%). Classification accuracy of the scale for REM sleep disturbances was higher than experts’ assessment. Conclusions: Writing speed, tremor, pen pressure and sentence slope are handwriting features that warrant further investigation to define early changes in people with REM sleep disturbances.
35. Effectiveness of a Digital Awareness App in HIV/AIDS Mitigation Among Transgender Individuals in Rawalpindi District: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study.
期刊: JMIR research protocols 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
HIV/AIDS is a disease associated with stigma and discrimination. This can hinder the adoption of preventive and treatment methods, especially in vulnerable populations, such as the transgender community. The primary objectives of this study are to explore awareness barriers related to HIV/AIDS, develop and pilot a mobile-based HIV awareness app, and evaluate its acceptability and usability within the transgender community. The research will employ a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pre- and posttest comparison between an intervention group that will use the mobile app and a comparison group that will not. Phase 1 involves a situational analysis, including key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and a cross-sectional survey. An app will be designed and developed in Phase 2. Phase 3 will comprise a preintervention assessment recruiting 150 transgender people, implementation of the app on the cell phones of 75 transgender people, and a postapp assessment. Statistical techniques will be employed to analyze the captured data and assess the effectiveness of the app. The recruitment began on August 25, 2025, for the first phase, with the subsequent phases to follow. The data collection and analysis will be completed and finalized by August 31, 2026, following the intervention deployment. No funding was received from any external source for this study. The results of this study will reveal the effectiveness of a mobile app for the transgender community. These results will determine the continuation and further scale-up of this intervention. The findings will create evidence to inform favorable strategies for vulnerable populations. DERR1-10.2196/84610.
36. Correction: Characterization of Post-Viral Infection Behaviors Among Patients With Long COVID: Prospective, Observational, Longitudinal Cohort Analyses of Fitbit Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes.
期刊: JMIR formative research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/77644.].
37. Risk factors for immunological sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and progression to incident TB disease among HIV-uninfected adults in a high burden setting.
期刊: The Journal of infectious diseases 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Identifying risk factors for Mtb sensitization (defined as IGRA-positive) and progression to TB disease is critical to guide targeted prevention strategies. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of adults (18-60 years) without HIV, enrolled at five high-incidence South African sites. Participants underwent testing for Mtb sensitization and microbiologically-confirmed TB at baseline, and during 15 months follow-up. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess factors associated with Mtb sensitization and TB progression. Sampling weights were applied to reflect the screened population. Among 2,912 participants with valid IGRA results, 63.4% (n=1895) were Mtb-sensitized. Prevalent TB was detected in 1.81% (62/1895) of Mtb-sensitized versus 0.62% (12/1017) of Mtb-unsensitized individuals (p=0.01). During follow-up of participants without prevalent TB, 2.01% (48/1833) Mtb-sensitized and 0.53% (8/1005) Mtb-unsensitized individuals developed TB (p=0.01). Factors associated with Mtb sensitization included increasing age (adjusted-odds-ratio; aOR=1.02 , 95%CI 1.01-1.03), male sex (aOR=1.34, 95%CI 1.08-1.67), smoking (aOR=1.31, 95%CI 1.05-1.64), prior TB (aOR=2.20, 95%CI 1.40-3.47), and TB contact history (aOR=1.40, 95%CI 1.08-1.83). Risk factors for progression to TB were Mtb sensitization (adjusted-hazard-ratio; aHR=3.05, 95%CI 1.14-8.18), smoking history (aHR=2.34, 95%CI 1.03-5.31), and lower body-mass index (aHR=0.89, 95%CI 0.82-0.97). Mtb-sensitized individuals had a three-fold higher risk of prevalent TB and progressing to TB compared to Mtb-unsensitized individuals. In high-prevalence settings, identifying individuals at greatest risk-such as those recently infected, with a history of smoking, or low BMI-could help refine TB prevention efforts and reduce community-level transmission.
38. BDNF Val66Met protects oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer.
期刊: Science translational medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains a major unmet challenge in oncology, affecting treatment adherence and patient quality of life. Despite its prevalence, reliable predictive biomarkers and targeted neuroprotective strategies remain elusive. This study integrates clinical data, whole-genome sequencing, and translational research to identify genetic determinants of CIPN susceptibility and validate therapeutic approaches. Through comprehensive analysis of patients with colorectal cancer, including neurophysiological evaluations and CIPN-specific quality-of-life assessments, we identified the BDNF c.196G>A polymorphism (Val66Met) as a critical factor in CIPN development. Using humanized transgenic mouse models, we demonstrated that the Met66 allele of the functional Val66Met polymorphism in BDNF confers protection against oxaliplatin-induced sensory deficits, whereas the Val66 allele increases susceptibility to neuropathy. Mechanistic studies revealed that this protection operates through modulation of p75NTR-mediated signaling pathways and neuroinflammatory responses. On the basis of these findings, we evaluated two therapeutic strategies: the p75NTR modulator LM11A-31 and a compound we have developed, CN016. Both agents exhibited notable efficacy in alleviating oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, particularly in genetically susceptible BDNF Val/Val carriers. LM11A-31 normalized neurotrophic signaling and preserved sensory structures, and CN016 effectively modulated neuroinflammatory pathways through macrophage inhibition at an optimal dose of 20 mg/kg. The BDNF Met66 variant shows about 49% prevalence in East Asian populations and 1 to 20% in other ethnic groups, suggesting population-specific susceptibility to CIPN. These findings establish BDNF genetic variation as a crucial determinant of CIPN risk and validate two promising therapeutic approaches, providing a foundation for personalized neuroprotective strategies in cancer treatment.
39. AAV8 gene therapy and dietary insults together precipitate cholestatic liver disease in a mouse model of X-linked myotubular myopathy.
期刊: Science translational medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated liver injury is the primary off-target toxicity observed with viral gene therapy. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been hindered by the fact that murine studies poorly model AAV toxicity. The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) gene therapy program epitomizes this therapeutic discordance, because a subset of participants treated with AAV8-driven myotubularin (MTM1) gene replacement developed fatal liver injury that was not predicted by preclinical models. Here, we investigated a multihit hypothesis whereby loss of Mtm1 interacts with the postweaning environment to precipitate liver injury in XLMTM mouse models. Mtm1 knockout (KO) mice fed purified ingredient diets manifested liver dysfunction that mirrored patient clinical presentations, including elevated plasma transaminases, altered bile acid composition, and histological features of cholestasis. We further demonstrated a role for MTM1 in maintaining hepatocyte structure and localization of the bile salt export pump. Liver-specific deletion of Mtm1 recapitulated many of these features, supporting a liver-autonomous role for Mtm1. Treatment of diet-sensitized mice with AAV8-driven gene therapy increased the susceptibility of cholestasis in global KO mice and induced liver injury in wild-type mice. Last, as a proof of concept, we treated global KO mice with lipid nanoparticle MTM1 gene replacement, which prevented development of key histopathological liver abnormalities. These findings provide critical insights into the environmental precipitants and molecular mechanisms of liver dysfunction in XLMTM and the adverse events seen in viral gene therapy studies and more broadly offer a framework to model AAV-associated toxicity and identify potential therapeutic interventions.
40. Antibody cocktails based on the occupationally acquired immunity of pediatricians neutralize and confer protection against RSV and hMPV.
期刊: Science translational medicine 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are major causes of severe respiratory infections in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Here, we isolated RSV fusion (F) protein-specific B cells from pediatricians who are routinely exposed to these viruses. We then derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from those B cells to characterize their binding and neutralization profiles. Among the isolated mAbs, we found that CNR2056 and CNR2053 (targeting site Ø of the pre-F protein) potently neutralized diverse RSV A and B strains; another mAb, CNR2047 (targeting site III), uniquely exhibited cross-neutralization capacity against both RSV and hMPV variants. In vivo, prophylactic administration of CNR2056 and CNR2053 controlled lung viral loads and pathology in RSV A2- and B9320-challenged cotton rats. Moreover, a prophylactic dose of 0.5 milligrams per kilogram of CNR2047 resulted in complete protection against hMPV in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Structural analysis revealed unique binding modes for the three mAbs, supporting the potential for rational mAb cocktail design. Deep mutational scanning for RSV F further demonstrated that mutations required to evade CNR2053 and CNR2056 were primarily in evolutionarily constrained sites, suggesting a fitness cost to immune escape. Rationally combining site Ø- and site III-directed mAbs (e.g., CNR2056-CNR2047) into cocktails conferred additive effects, expanding coverage to hMPV and minimizing risk of escape variants. Thus, rationally designed cocktails of CNR2056, CNR2053, and CNR2047 may offer a versatile immunoprophylactic agent against a range of pneumoviruses with potential to protect against both current and future variants.
41. Impact of Pediococcus acidilactici and tylvalosin on porcine Enterobacterales abundance, antimicrobial resistance and conjugative potential.
期刊: Journal of applied microbiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Antimicrobial resistance impacts the health of humans, animals, and plants, as well as the metabolic functions supported by environmental microbiomes. Mitigation approaches against this global crisis are being developed to minimise its spread, the associated deaths and economic burden. This study aims to assess the impact of a macrolide, and of a probiotic adopted by pig producers to support reductions in antimicrobial use. Ileal digesta and feces from live pigs with ileal cannulas were collected before and after the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici and/or tylvalosin. Viable antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria were counted on selective media. The detection of Enterobacterales, Lactobacillaceae, β-lactamase genes and plasmid replicons was performed using PCR methods. The propagation potential of resistance to cefotaxime and erythromycin was assessed by conjugation. Pigs receiving P. acidilactici exhibited a significant reduction in the abundances of ileal cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacterales (1.5 logs compared to the control), and a decline in excretion of the blaCMY (3.4 folds) and blaTEM (1.4 folds) genes compared to animals receiving both the probiotic and antibiotic. Still, Enterobacterales from pigs ingesting P. acidilactici exhibited higher transfer frequencies of cefotaxime resistance. These pigs also displayed a significant expansion of the erythromycin-resistant subpopulation in the ileum (1.5 logs), and its decline in feces (2.5 logs). Tylvalosin administration significantly increased the kanamycin-resistant Enterobacterales sub-population (2 logs compared to the control). This study reveals dynamics of bacterial populations, the flux of antimicrobial resistance genes and their interplay with conjugative plasmids, highlighting the complexity of evaluating mitigation approaches.
42. Surface-Associated Bacteria Trigger Cyanobacterial Cell Lysis during Preozonation.
期刊: Environmental science & technology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Preozonation is widely used to enhance the effectiveness of coagulation and filtration in algae-laden water treatment, but cyanobacterial cell rupture and the subsequent release of intracellular organic matter and cyanotoxins can increase treatment burdens and pose health risks. In natural waters, cyanobacteria are often surrounded by symbiotic bacteria, whose influence on ozonation performance and underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Herein, we found that axenic filamentous cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp.) exhibited strong resistance to ozonation (0.3 mg L-1, 20 min), whereas the presence of surface-associated bacteria markedly increased the cell rupture rate from 12 ± 6% to 76 ± 2%. Removal of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) significantly reduced ozonation resistance in axenic cyanobacteria but unexpectedly enhanced that of xenic cultures. By integrating reactive oxygen species identification, extracellular metabolomics, and metabolic reconstruction, we demonstrate that surface-colonizing bacteria degrade the algal LB-EPS envelope, releasing metabolites that facilitate hydroxyl radical formation during ozonation, thereby intensifying cell rupture. Our results highlight surface-associated bacteria as a critical yet overlooked factor shaping cyanobacterial responses to preozonation, underscoring the need to re-evaluate ozone application strategies in bloom-impacted waters to minimize cell rupture and byproduct formation.
43. Clinical practice guidelines in fibromyalgia. Physiotherapists' adherence in Denmark: a cross-sectional web-based survey study.
期刊: Rheumatology international 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Fibromyalgia is a widespread chronic condition. Although Clinical Practice Guidelines for fibromyalgia currently exist, their application in diagnostic and therapeutic settings faces significant implementation challenges across healthcare systems. This has led to a persistent gap between knowledge and clinical practice, a phenomenon yet to be explored in the Danish context. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the level of knowledge and adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines for fibromyalgia among Danish physical therapists, throughout a questionnaire consisting in the selection of the elements that they would consider for the adequate assessment, treatment, and expected duration of the therapeutic approach, to classify professionals as adherent, partially adherent, or non-adherent based on their selection of assessment and treatment components, and to evaluate their responses to 24 statements on a 5-point Likert scale reflecting their alignment with recommendations from Clinical Practice Guidelines. A total of 149 physiotherapists (mean age 39.26 ± 11.50, and gender-balanced) participated, amongst which 35 (23.49%) were classified as ‘adherent’, and 46 subjects (30.87%) were labelled as ‘partially adherent’ to Clinical Practice Guidelines. Participants’ assessment and therapeutic tools selection was generally aligned with the Clinical Practice Guidelines’ extolled recommendations, except for tender points examination and massage therapy. A number of 14 out of the 24 statements exceeded the predefined 70% agreement threshold. The current study reflects an adequate level of knowledge and adherence amongst physiotherapists in Denmark. Further research and targeted implementation strategies are needed to reduce the evidence-to-practice gap.
44. Using Standardized Cognitive Tools with General Medicine Populations and Impact on Hospital Readmission.
期刊: Occupational therapy in health care 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cognitive functioning is essential for participation in daily activities such as work, self-care, and home management. Occupational therapy practitioners play a key role in supporting these abilities through occupation-based interventions guided by standardized cognitive assessment. However, the use of such tools in acute care remains poorly understood, especially among the variety of general medicine populations occupational therapy serves in acute care. This cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to describe the delivery of acute occupational therapy services including the types and frequency of cognitive evaluation tools administered and to examine the relationship between receipt of a cognitive evaluation and 30-day hospital readmission. Conducted at a single academic medical center, the study included 3,334 adult patients hospitalized on a general medicine unit who received occupational therapy services from an initial sample of 18,334 patients. Among the inclusion sample, 84.5% underwent a standardized cognitive assessment with receipt of a cognitive evaluation approaching significance for association of 30-day hospital readmission (p = .0537). Findings indicate that occupational therapy practitioners in acute care settings employ a variety of standardized cognitive screening and performance-based tools across diverse general medicine conditions and medical acuity. Further research is warranted to explore proximal factors, such as social support and prior functional performance, and their impact on 30-day hospital readmission.
45. Examining the Impact of a Virtual Dementia Simulation on Occupational Therapy Students: A Mixed Methods Study of Empathy Cultivation.
期刊: Occupational therapy in health care 发表日期: 2026-Feb-18 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a virtual dementia simulation on occupational therapy (OT) students’ empathy levels and propose practical rationales for optimizing future dementia care. A within-subjects pre-post design was used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focus groups to provide contextual depth and insight into the quantitative data. Students (N = 39) participated in a one-time virtual dementia simulation and a one-hour focus group debriefing session. The Kiersma-Chen Empathy Revised Scale (KCES-R) was administered pre-survey and post-survey. Quantitative data revealed a significant difference in level of empathy pre- and immediate post-survey. Qualitative findings revealed four distinct themes: (1) Walk a Mile: Discovering Empathy, which explored personal empathy development; (2) System Overload, reflecting the complexity and intensity of the simulation; (3) Reflective Practitioner, highlighting the importance of self-reflection in professional growth; and (4) Context Matters, emphasizing the significance of understanding individual and systemic contexts in healthcare delivery. The themes collectively captured the transformative nature of the simulation experience and its potential to reshape students’ professional perspectives and empathetic approaches to patient care. These findings support using virtual simulation in educational practice for healthcare students to increase empathy toward individuals with dementia.
46. Interactions of insects with micro- and nanoplastics: A review.
期刊: The Science of the total environment 发表日期: 2026-Feb-17 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite the rapid spread of plastic pollution, and particularly micro- and nanoplastic pollution, a comprehensive systematic review of microplastic distribution and toxicology in terrestrial and aquatic insects has yet to be conducted. This leaves a significant gap in contrast to the well-documented impacts on marine and vertebrate lineages. In light of the current context, the present review synthesises 114 studies that investigated the occurrence, abundance, ecotoxicological effects, and biodegradation potential of plastic particles across major insect orders. Field evidence demonstrates widespread contamination, particularly in freshwater taxa, with fibres and common polymers such as polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene dominating. Microplastic concentrations ranged from as low as 0.21 items/ind. (Trichoptera) to nearly 500 items/ind. in dipteran species. Laboratory studies reveal diverse sublethal effects on development, physiology, immunity, behaviour, and gut microbiota, with Diptera and Lepidoptera showing marked sensitivity, while some coleopteran larvae exhibit the capacity to fragment and biodegrade specific polymers. Despite increasing research efforts, major gaps persist regarding environmentally realistic exposures, trophic transfer, long-term and multigenerational effects, and population-level consequences. Integrating ecotoxicology, ecology, and environmental chemistry is crucial for understanding the ecological significance of insect-microplastic interactions and their broader implications for ecosystem functioning.
47. Neural Basis of Action Simulation in Architectural Perception: A Multi-voxel Pattern Analysis Study.
期刊: Journal of cognitive neuroscience 发表日期: 2026-Feb-14 链接: PubMed
摘要
A growing body of neuroscience evidence indicates that perceiving everyday objects and environments triggers mental simulations of potential actions, preparing the brain for movement even before any motion occurs. Although previous research on navigation has demonstrated how the spatial configuration of corridors and doorways guide locomotion, it remains unclear whether architectural elements (e.g., doors, windows, stairs) that require direct interaction evoke distinct, action-specific representations in the brain. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the passive perception of such elements (viewed without any intention to act) spontaneously recruits motor-related brain networks and whether these activations are specific to the actions implied by each element. fMRI data were collected from 31 participants during passive viewing of each architectural element followed by imagery of four actions: one reflecting the element’s primary function, one representing manipulation, and two corresponding to peripheral actions. Using multi-voxel pattern analysis, we created classification ratio maps to identify action-architectural element associations. Our analyses revealed that passive perception significantly elicits neural patterns aligned with the elements’ primary function while also encoding sensorimotor representations of the required interactions. Furthermore, our results show that this anticipatory process activates motor-related regions, including premotor cortex and the dorsal visual pathway. These results underscore the crucial role of action simulation in architectural perception and demonstrate the brain’s readiness to engage with environmental affordances at the sensorimotor level. Consequently, we propose possibilities for a neuroscience-informed design, suggesting that architecture can be optimized to align with the embodied nature of human cognition.
48. Evolving biomarkers and risk prediction models in colorectal cancer-associated venous thromboembolism.
期刊: Thrombosis research 发表日期: 2026-Feb-13 链接: PubMed
摘要
The pathological hypercoagulable state and associated risk of thrombosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) persist throughout the disease course. Accurate identification of patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and judiciously applying drug or mechanical prevention measures can significantly reduce the incidence of VTE. The review details a range of biomarkers, including platelet count, soluble P-selectin, D-dimer, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which have been shown to correlate with increased VTE risk in CRC patients. In addition to the biomarker analysis, the review makes important recommendations for the routine monitoring of these biomarkers in CRC patients, especially those at higher risk for VTE. Furthermore, it discusses the integration of these biomarkers into clinical VTE risk prediction models, advocating for personalized and targeted thromboprophylaxis strategies. The review also explores future research directions, emphasizing the potential of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies in improving the prognosis of CRC patients by reducing thromboembolic events. This narrative review not only deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cancer-associated thrombosis but also paves the way for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing VTE in CRC patients.
49. Automated Systems and Early Mobilization Programs for Bedridden Patients: A Systematic Review.
期刊: Journal of trauma nursing : the official journal of the Society of Trauma Nurses 发表日期: 2026-Feb-12 链接: PubMed
摘要
Patients with reduced mobility face elevated risks of complications, including pressure ulcers and functional decline. Automated beds and robotic mobility systems are emerging tools to support early mobilization and reduce caregiver burden, but their overall impact remains unclear. To systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of automated bed systems and robotic mobility technologies compared to conventional care in improving clinical and functional outcomes in immobile adult patients. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception to September 29, 2025. Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years) with neurological conditions or immobility receiving automated or robotic mobilization interventions compared with standard care. Outcomes of interest were motor function, quality of life, hemodynamic stability, caregiver workload, and cost-effectiveness. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed with validated tools. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes. Nine studies involving 380 patients met the inclusion criteria. Robotic and automated systems were associated with improved functional outcomes, reduced incidence of pressure injuries, and enhanced caregiver efficiency. Heterogeneity in study design and intervention protocols precluded meta-analysis. Automated and robotic mobility systems may support early mobilization and improve care outcomes in immobile patients. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm their long-term clinical and economic benefits.
50. Effectiveness and Safety of Biosimilar Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Retinal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
期刊: Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 发表日期: 2026-Feb-11 链接: PubMed
摘要
To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of biosimilar anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) versus reference anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on studies identified through searches of OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library between January 2015 and September 2024. Studies evaluating effectiveness and/or safety outcomes of biosimilar anti-VEGF were included. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE criteria. A total of 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Diagnoses studied were neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. There were no significant differences in final visual acuity (VA), change in VA, final retinal thickness (RT), change in RT, and incidence of adverse events over a follow-up duration of 12-63.6 weeks. Subgroup analyses of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, AMD, DME, and agent-specific analysis (aflibercept and ranibizumab) were not significant. Findings are supported by evidence of moderate to high certainty as per the GRADE tool. There was a low to moderate ROB in the included study as per the JBI tool. Biosimilar anti-VEGF is comparable to reference anti-VEGF with respect to safety profile and visual outcomes. Future research should prioritize including diverse patient populations and adopting standardized, extended follow-up periods to enhance the assessment of long-term safety and effectiveness of biosimilars.
51. Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Familial Remnant Hyperlipidemia (Dysbetalipoproteinemia) and Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
期刊: Journal of the American College of Cardiology 发表日期: 2026-Feb-06 链接: PubMed
摘要
52. Public Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Radiology: Insights From a Survey in an Italian Cancer Referral Center.
期刊: JCO clinical cancer informatics 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Artificial intelligence (AI) is fast becoming a vital part of health care, dramatically affecting physicians’ workflows and patients’ outcomes. Understanding patients’ opinions on its use is thus essential to ensure its successful adoption. This study aims to evaluate public perceptions of AI in health care and explore patient feedback through a survey. From January 2023 to June 2024, a survey on AI in health care was distributed to the public via a QR code shared through social media, posters, and videos, reaching 454 participants, of whom 240 completed the survey. Adapted from a validated 2020 model by Esmaeilzadeh et al, the survey underwent careful translation and cultural adjustments for the Italian population, including forward-backward translation and pilot testing. The survey assessed topics like willingness to use AI, performance anxiety, liability concerns, privacy issues, and its effect on doctor-patient communication. Responses were scored, with lower scores indicating greater acceptance of AI. The survey showed that 96% supported AI as a tool to assist radiologists and 92% were open to using AI for diagnostics and treatments. Concerns included reliability (61%) and reduced personal interaction (58%). Seventy-two percent trusted AI with data privacy. Overall, 90.4% viewed AI positively. The study highlights a balanced perspective on AI in health care. While recognizing its potential to enhance diagnostics and treatments, participants raised concerns about reliability, accountability, and interpersonal impacts. Most supported AI as a tool to complement, not replace, human expertise, emphasizing the need for transparent, reliable systems.
53. A Framework to Quantify Disparities in Pharmacogenomic Treatment Concordance and Drug Response Outcomes.
期刊: Clinical and translational science 发表日期: 2026-Feb 链接: PubMed
摘要
Clinical PGx practice guidelines (PGx guidelines) may have limited generalizability for “marginalized” groups. We proposed the five-step Real-World Data for Genome-Guided Prescribing (ReGGRx) framework and, using All of Us research program (AoU) data, examined its ability to estimate disparities in concordance with and benefit from PGx guidelines for CYP2C19 testing when choosing antiplatelet and antidepressant drugs. The selected measures were intended to identify disparities in avoiding drug failure independent of following PGx guidelines, the odds of avoiding drug failure with PGx concordant treatment, and the degree to which “marginalized” groups (i.e., groups underrepresented in biomedical research [UBR] and with indeterminate CYP2C19 phenotypes) benefit from PGx concordant treatment, when compared with “non-marginalized” groups (i.e., non-UBR and known CYP2C19 phenotypes). Our findings identified disparities in the antidepressant cohort with UBRs (32% of cohort) having a lower odds of avoiding drug failure. For both cohorts, a lower probability of avoiding drug failure was observed in the indeterminate phenotype group (1% of cohorts) than in the known phenotype group, indicating a need to better characterize rare or ancestry-specific risk alleles. With PGx concordant treatment, negative equal opportunity difference values suggested that the UBR group was less likely to avoid drug failure than the non-UBR group. Overall, our findings illustrate the promise of the ReGGRx framework to assess PGx guideline generalizability and produce evidence for use in drug policy decisions.
54. Practice Patterns in Body Mass Index Optimization Among US Arthroplasty Surgeons: Results of a National American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Survey.
期刊: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews 发表日期: 2026-Feb-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
As total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty procedures are increasingly performed on younger patients with obesity, the optimal approach to preoperative weight management remains undefined. This study explores national trends among US arthroplasty surgeons regarding body mass index (BMI) cutoffs, weight optimization strategies, and weight loss medication usage. A 28-question national survey was distributed through e-mail to members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and shared on professional social media platforms (Facebook, ResearchGate, and LinkedIn) between January 1 and August 5, 2024. Regarding arthroplasty reconstruction fellowship training, 82.58% (441/534) of respondents were fellowship trained, 11.42% (61/534) were not fellowship trained, and 5.99% (32/534) trained in other specialties. In terms of BMI optimization strategies, 82.84% (n = 444/536) recommended structured diet and exercise programs, 77.99% (n = 418/536) recommended dietitian or weight loss specialist programs, and 52.61% (n = 282/536) advocated for bariatric surgery. For total hip arthroplasty, 45.13% of surgeons used a BMI cutoff <40 kg/m2 (n = 241/534), followed by 23.97% advocating for no strict cutoff (n = 128/534). For total knee arthroplasty, 41.65% reported using a cutoff of <40 kg/m2 (n = 222/533), with 24.39% (n = 130/533) reporting no strict BMI cutoff. In addition, 27.62% (n = 58/210) reported that their patients used weight loss medications such as GLP-1 agonists. Notably, 68.0% (n = 356/526) of surgeons allowed up to 1 to 2 years for BMI optimization before surgery. Although many arthroplasty surgeons use BMI cutoffs, many accommodate patients through nonsurgical interventions to facilitate weight loss. These findings indicate that many respondents report a multidisciplinary approach to preoperative BMI optimization.
55. Nonlinear Association Evidence and Optimal Alert Thresholds for Global Short-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk.
期刊: Journal of the American College of Cardiology 发表日期: 2026-Jan-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
56. Cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease): current insights into epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis.
期刊: British medical bulletin 发表日期: 2026-Jan-02 链接: PubMed
摘要
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) poses a significant medical and socio-economic burden worldwide, particularly in highly endemic, low-income regions with resource-limited settings, where control efforts are hindered by limited access to diagnostics and appropriate treatment options. In contrast, low prevalence settings, such as high-income countries, often face challenges related to low awareness of the disease, which can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments including potentially harmful invasive procedures. Therefore, it is recommended that an interdisciplinary approach be adopted to prevent misdiagnosis and treatment failure in CE, a chronic, but mostly benign and preventable zoonosis. This review provides an updated synthesis of current research on CE, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical management, and recommended strategies for improving outcomes in diverse healthcare settings. Published scientific literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from the year 1980-2025. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for CE is based on ultrasound to assess cyst activity and size, thus facilitating the correct use of treatment options, including benzimidazole therapy, surgery and/or the PAIR technique.It is imperative to rule out CE before undertaking any invasive diagnostic procedures in order to prevent cystic dissemination. Given the lack of current updated guidelines this review gives a standardized overview over current recommendations for diagnosis and therapy. There is a need for more accurate, standardized diagnostic protocols and development of effective medical therapy and/or vaccines.
57. Dental-Medical Data Interoperability and Mutual Workforce Training: Insights of Enhancing the Benefits of SDF Treatment Among Older Adults.
期刊: Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
58. Co-developing a framework to guide school-based substance use prevention (SSUP) interventions in Ghana.
期刊: PLOS global public health 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Substance use among young people is a global public health challenge with a high burden in African countries, including Ghana. Behavioural interventions implemented in schools can be effective in preventing substance use among young people in Ghana; however, these interventions are currently lacking. Evidence-based frameworks can contribute to the design and implementation of behavioural school-based substance use prevention interventions; however, to be useful, it is important that they reflect the culture and context in which the interventions will be implemented. The goal of the study was to co-develop a framework to guide the design and adaptation of school-based substance use prevention interventions in Ghana. A multi-method approach to develop the framework was implemented in five steps: 1) definition of scope and objectives of the proposed framework, 2) evidence review and synthesis of existing school-based substance use prevention interventions, 3) a mixed methods study of young people’s social networks in schools and its association with their substance use behaviour, 4) interest holder consultation (deliberative dialogue with 12 interest holders in Berekum, Ghana) to garner their recommendations for a school-based substance use prevention intervention in Ghana, and 5) framework iteration and its final visualization. The framework specifies what an ideal school-based substance use prevention should entail, components of the intervention, agents that can deliver the intervention, key interest holders to engage in intervention, and the application of theories, models, and frameworks in intervention design and adaptation. The SSUP framework provides a practical and flexible tool to guide the design and adaptation of school-based substance use prevention interventions in Ghana and similar contexts. It supports context-specific planning, interest holder engagement, and integration into existing school health promotion structure. Future research should explore its feasibility and effectiveness across diverse school settings. The framework offers a foundation for advancing locally grounded, prevention efforts across Africa.
59. Risk Factors for Children's Vocabulary Performance: Background Variables and Parental Concerns.
期刊: International journal of language & communication disorders 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aims to examine differences in vocabulary performance among Arabic-speaking children ages 1;6-3;6, using a three-domain theoretical framework (biological/genetic, developmental, and social/environmental factors), with particular focus on how these factors differ based on the presence of parental concerns. Data were collected from 874 parents of Palestinian Arabic-speaking children aged 18-36 months using the online Palestinian Arabic Communicative Development Inventory (PA-CDI). An accompanying background questionnaire was used to gather information on five potential risk factors. Children with parental concerns demonstrated significantly lower vocabulary performance across all age groups. The proportion of concerned parents decreased as vocabulary percentile increased. All five examined risk factors correlated significantly with vocabulary performance. Parental concerns emerged as the strongest predictor overall. For children without parental concerns, onset of speaking was the only significant predictor, while for children with concerns, word combination abilities were the sole significant predictor. Our findings highlight the validity of parental concerns as indicators of potential language difficulties and underscore the importance of early language milestones in predicting vocabulary performance. Word combination abilities, in particular, seem valuable for identifying children with persistent language difficulties. The PA-CDI, combined with background variables, shows promise as an effective clinical tool for early identification of children at risk for language delays in Arabic-speaking populations. What is already known on this subject Research has consistently demonstrated the validity and importance of parental concerns in identifying children’s developmental issues, particularly in the early detection of DLD. Previous studies have established that parental observations can be as reliable as quality developmental screening tests. Early language milestones, including onset of speaking and word combinations, have been identified as significant predictors of vocabulary development. Risk factors for language development have been categorised into three domains: biological/genetic factors (family history, health conditions), developmental indicators (delayed milestones), and social/environmental factors. The CDI has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing vocabulary development and identifying children at risk for DLD across various languages. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study reveals that parental concerns emerge as the strongest predictor of vocabulary performance in Arabic, an understudied language in this context, accounting for 27.2% of variance in language development. For the first time, we demonstrate differential predictive patterns between children with and without parental concerns: Onset of speaking predicts performance for children without concerns, while word combination abilities serve as the sole significant predictor for children with concerns. The study validates a three-domain framework in Arabic-speaking populations and shows that subjective factors demonstrate significantly stronger relationships with vocabulary performance than objective indicators, challenging traditional assumptions about measurement reliability. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? These findings highlight the value of considering parental perspectives alongside standardised assessments to gain a comprehensive understanding of children’s linguistic abilities in Arabic-speaking populations. Healthcare professionals should recognise that parental reports, when systematically collected, may provide more sensitive indicators of language development than traditional objective measures. Clinical assessment protocols should be restructured to give greater weight to structured parental observations. Word combination abilities, in particular, seem valuable for identifying children with persistent language difficulties. The PA-CDI, combined with background variables, shows promise as an effective clinical tool for early identification of children at risk for language delays in Arabic-speaking populations.
60. Dispersion of LPG from spherical storage tanks: Power-law scaling and comparative analysis of LFL vs. 50% LFL.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is typically stored in pressurized spherical tanks, where accidental leaks can create dense, flammable vapor clouds. This study used PHAST to simulate LPG dispersion from a refinery-scale spherical tank, considering various leak diameters (5-805 mm), leak locations, seasonal meteorological conditions, and three propane-butane mixtures (15/85, 30/70, and 50/50 by volume). Dispersion distances were evaluated at both the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) and 50% LFL thresholds. The findings indicate that leak diameter is the primary factor influencing dispersion extent, showing strong correlations for both LFL (ρ = 0.89) and 50% LFL (ρ = 0.91). Predicted dispersion distances downwind ranged from approximately 20-60 m for small leaks to around 400-800 m for larger releases, depending on the concentration threshold and release conditions. Distances at the 50% LFL were consistently greater than those at the LFL. Power-law regression revealed nearly linear scaling between dispersion distance and leak diameter (b = 0.94 for LFL and b = 0.96 for 50% LFL), explaining over 80% of the observed variance. Butane-rich mixtures resulted in longer dispersion distances at the LFL, while compositional effects were not significant at the 50% LFL. Meteorological and temporal factors had limited influence under typical site conditions. Overall, the results emphasize comparative scaling behavior rather than pointwise concentration prediction and demonstrate deviations from ideal D² scaling due to turbulence, buoyancy, and atmospheric entrainment. Using both LFL and 50% LFL thresholds provides a conservative and practically relevant basis for hazard zoning, quantitative risk assessment, and emergency planning at LPG storage facilities.
61. Swedish private-sector employees' experiences of promoting and hindering factors for working while having mental health problems: A qualitative study.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
The workplace is an important arena for identifying and managing early symptoms of mental health problems. This study aimed to explore how private sector employees at risk of sickness absence due to mental health problems experienced promoting and hindering factors for working. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 employees with mental health problems (≥3 on the General Health Questionnaire or who answered yes to a question on self-predicted sickness absence in the coming year due to common mental disorders). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The analysis resulted in three themes: influence of life stage on working while having mental health problems; managing mental health problems in the social and organizational context; and preserving one’s identity and agency when working while having mental health problems. Promoting and hindering factors occurred at the individual, group, leader and organizational levels. Promoting factors included social support from colleagues, a trusting relationship with the first-line manager, and engaging in leisure-time physical activity. Hindering factors included perceiving the cause of symptoms to be primarily outside work leading to delayed access to help, a cold or noisy work environment, and schedule mismatch. Promoting and hindering factors occurred at multiple levels. Fostering a supportive and inclusive work environment where there is space for enjoyment can help employees manage mental health problems at work. Other promoting factors include having an active and present manager, reasonable production goals, and leisure-time physical activity. Employees who perceive the cause of their symptoms to be related to their private life tend not to seek help from the workplace, despite the impact on their work. This should be considered in the development of future interventions. Our study supports a life-course perspective on the understanding of how employees experience promoting and hindering factors for working while having mental health problems.
62. Social judgments at the intersection of class and gender across cultures.
期刊: PloS one 发表日期: 2026 链接: PubMed
摘要
To address social injustice, it is crucial to understand the intersecting social dimensions that contribute to it, such as gender, race, and class. While intersections of race and gender are well-studied, class remains underexplored in social psychology. This research investigates how class (measured by education, income, and occupational status) and gender influence interpersonal attitudes regarding likability, respect, and social distance across different cultures. We present results from factorial survey experiments in eight countries (Armenia, Australia, Brazil, Germany, India, Russia, UK, US) with different gender norms and inequality levels. High education and income influenced attitudes towards women (vs. men) more positively, and low income and occupational status influenced attitudes towards men (vs. women) more negatively. In countries with more conservative gender norms, these differences were stronger. General inequality also impacted status- and gender-based attitudes. Our findings demonstrate that gender and class interact differently across cultures, contributing to discourses on intersectionality and informing social equality and policy interventions.
63. Global trends, risk factors, and future projections of ovarian cancer burden among women aged 50 years and older: a systematic analysis based on GBD 2021.
期刊: International journal of surgery (London, England) 发表日期: 2025-Nov-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide, with a disproportionate burden in older women. This study aims to quantify and project the OC burden from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Leveraging data from the GBD 2021, this study comprehensively assessed trends in OC-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, incidence, and prevalence across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021, and age-standardized rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) modeling were used to identify temporal trends and cohort effects. Inequality was assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI). The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to project OC burden through 2050. From 1990 to 2021, absolute DALYs, deaths, incidence, and prevalence of OC among women ≥50 years increased markedly, while ASRs declined globally. High and high-middle SDI regions exhibited the highest burden, particularly among women under 75 years. Australasia demonstrated sustained improvement, whereas Andean Latin America experienced worsening trends. Health inequality, reflected in declining SII and CI values, has narrowed since 1990. High BMI emerged as the dominant risk factor, especially in Central Europe. Occupational asbestos exposure remained regionally significant, particularly in Australasia. Projections indicate continued increases in OC burden through 2050, driven by demographic aging and rising life expectancy. Despite improvements in age-standardized OC metrics, the absolute burden continues to rise globally, underscoring the need for age- and region-specific strategies.