公共卫生研究摘要 (2026-04-27)
共收录 62 篇研究文章
1. Linking oxidative stress defense to biofilm architecture: Ohr mediates strain-dependent persistence in Acinetobacter baumannii.
期刊: Virulence 发表日期: 2026-Dec-31 链接: PubMed
摘要
Biofilm formation is critical for the persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii, yet its directional correlation with antimicrobial resistance remains paradoxical. Here, we confirmed our prior finding that drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains employ distinct, temporally regulated biofilm developmental programs: susceptible strains excel at rapid biomass accumulation but undergo early collapse, while MDR strains delay biofilm initiation and optimize for the maintenance and reinforcement of mature biofilms. Transcriptomic profiling identified the organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr) as a crucial contributor mediating this strain-specific biofilm divergence, with its deletion resulting in severe biofilm defects. Metabolomics analyses further revealed that Ohr maintains biofilm integrity through dual mechanisms: by modulating redox homeostasis and regulating extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production through control of AdeAB and AdeFG efflux pumps. Moreover, we identified indole-3-lactic acid as a potent biofilm inhibitor. Our findings suggest Ohr as a linchpin in A. baumannii biofilm development, elucidate the basis of temporal phenotypic divergence, and unveil promising therapeutic targets against biofilm-associated infections.
2. Assessment of vitamin D levels in patients with alopecia areata: a case-control study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.
期刊: Annals of medicine 发表日期: 2026-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Alopecia Areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorder. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator potentially relevant to pathogenesis. Since data from North India remains limited, this study aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in AA patients compared to matched controls and evaluate correlations with disease severity. This hospital-based case-control study included 44 AA patients and 44 matched healthy controls. Disease severity was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). Median serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in cases (17.10 ng/mL) versus controls (22.60 ng/mL; p = 0.015). Deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was observed in 54.55% of cases versus 38.64% of controls. Vitamin D deficiency increased the odds of AA by 3.22 times (OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.18-8.79; p = 0.022). Stratified analysis revealed a significant difference only among urban residents (p = 0.041). No significant correlation was found between Vitamin D levels and SALT scores (p = 0.442). Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with Alopecia Areata in this North Indian cohort, particularly among urban residents. Screening for deficiency may be a valuable addition to management.
3. 3C suppresses PINK1-mediated mitophagy and contributes to coxsackievirus B3 replication.
期刊: Virulence 发表日期: 2026-Dec 链接: PubMed
摘要
Viral myocarditis (VM) is a cardiac inflammatory condition caused by viral infection and serves as a critical precursor to life-threatening complications, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a predominant etiological agent of VM, lacks targeted therapeutic interventions despite ongoing antiviral development. Mitophagy is a selective mitochondrial quality control mechanism mediated by PINK1. It has two key roles: maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and regulating innate antiviral immunity. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal a significant correlation between impaired mitophagy and cardiomyocyte pathology in CVB3-induced myocarditis. We demonstrated that CVB3 infection suppresses PINK1-dependent mitophagy, while the attenuation of PINK1 reciprocally enhances CVB3 replication. Mechanistically, CVB3 non-structural protein 3C promotes the degradation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). MAVS interacts with PINK1 to form a regulatory loop: PINK1 deficiency boosts MAVS reduction, which further promotes viral replication and worsens myocardial injury. Furthermore, we identify the transcription factor FOSL1 as a novel negative regulator of PINK1 transcription through direct promoter binding. Collectively, these findings show that the 3C/FOSL1/PINK1/MAVS signaling axis is a key mechanism in CVB3 pathogenesis. We propose innovative therapeutic targets for viral myocarditis through restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and modulation of host-virus interactions.
4. Integrating the Mystical Experience Questionnaire Into a Broader Psychometric Framework: English Validation of the Psychedelic Experience Scale and Comparison of Psilocybin and LSD Sessions Across Two Controlled Settings.
期刊: International journal of methods in psychiatric research 发表日期: 2026-Jun 链接: PubMed
摘要
For English, the validated part of Psychedelic Experience Scale (PES48) is a four-factor structure called the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30). The other validated part of the PES48 consists of four more factors: two more mystical factors (paradoxicality and connectedness, which together with the MEQ30 form the MEQ40), and two more non-mystical factors (visual experience and distressing experience). However, this latter four-factor part of the PES48 has thus far only been validated for the German version of the PES48. We investigated whether the overall eight-factor structure of the PES48 (which includes the MEQ30 four-factor structure) can also be validated, and thus potentially be put to good use in English. Data from 280 English PES measurements (145 different healthy participants) from four placebo-controlled studies with low to high doses of psilocybin were included. The reliability of the eight subscales was evaluated using measures of internal consistency. The validity of the factor structure was assessed through model fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis. English results were then also compared with the German PES validation data set from Stocker et al. (2024). Six of the eight subscales (mystical, positive mood, transcendence of time and space, ineffability, connectedness, distressing experience) of the English PES48 show high internal consistency, one subscale (paradoxicality) shows good, and one (visual experience) acceptable internal consistency. Both MEQ models (MEQ30 and MEQ40) show similar fits (acceptable to good model fits). In English, both MEQ models show better fits than in German. All six MEQ40 scale means of the English data are higher compared to German data. The findings suggest that the eight-factor PES48 is also a valid psychometric tool in English. With the MEQ40 part of the PES48, one can measure mystical experience with a still wider conceptual breath than with the MEQ30. Furthermore, one can also measure non-mystical visual and distressing states in an overall more comprehensive and broader conceptualization of the psychedelic experience. Higher MEQ40 scale means for the English than the German study participants could inspire future research into the role of setting in relation to mystical experience.
5. Psychometric Validity of the CES-D Scale for Assessing Depressive Symptoms in University Students in Bogotá. Colombia.
期刊: International journal of methods in psychiatric research 发表日期: 2026-Jun 链接: PubMed
摘要
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used tool for assessing depressive symptoms. This study examined its psychometric properties in a sample of 1738 university students in Bogotá. Instrumental study with a cross-sectional, single-center design with two-stage sampling. Exploratory and two-factor factorial analyses were applied, along with reliability estimates and subgroup analyses by gender and social stratum. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure (depressive affect, positive affect, and social aspects), which explained 56% of the total variance. The KMO index was 0.95, and Bartlett’s sphericity test was significant (χ2 = 17,902.82, df = 190, p < 0.001). The bifactor model showed a strong overall factor (hierarchical omega = 0.85; ECV = 0.71), supporting the use of a total score. Internal consistency was high (α = 0.93; ω = 0.94). Women scored significantly higher than men (p < 0.001). Differentiated cut-off points by sex are proposed: ≥ 52 for women and ≥ 45 for men. These findings support the validity and reliability of the CES-D as a unidimensional measure of depressive symptoms in the Colombian university population and highlight its usefulness as a screening tool in public health settings, particularly within Latin American regional contexts where early detection of mental health problems is a priority.
6. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities: A post-hoc Sarculator-based risk analysis of the EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 randomized trial.
期刊: Cancer 发表日期: 2026-May-01 链接: PubMed
摘要
In the EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 randomized trial (European Organization for Research and Treatment 62961-European Society of Hyperthermia Oncology 95; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00003052), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) improved survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (tumor size >5 cm, grade 2 or 3, deep location). This study investigated the survival benefit of NAC + RHT in a subgroup of patients who had extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS) according to risk predictions using the Sarculator nomogram. Overall survival (OS) was predicted with the Sarculator nomogram using baseline prognostic parameters. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate observed OS. A bivariable Cox model including the Sarculator score, treatment, and their interaction was fitted. Hazard ratios for OS were calculated for each decile of the Sarculator risk distribution. Of 143 patients with ESTS, 135 were analyzed (NAC, n = 70; NAC + RHT, n = 65) with a median follow-up of 136 months (interquartile range, 110-183 months). Survival in the NAC + RHT group exceeded Sarculator predictions and improved compared with the group that received NAC alone (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.17; p = .081), with an absolute 5-year OS difference of 15.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.0%-31.4%). Risk stratification suggested greater benefit of NAC + RHT as predicted OS decreased. However, the interaction between Sarculator score and treatment was not significant (p = .495). This analysis of ESTS from a randomized trial confirmed the previously reported OS benefit by adding RHT to NAC. Although patients with higher predicted risk seemed to benefit more from the combined treatment, these findings do not suggest that treatment decisions should be based on risk estimates alone, supporting the use of RHT combined with chemotherapy in patients who have primary ESTS. In a previous clinical trial, adding regional hyperthermia—targeted heating of the tumor area—to standard chemotherapy before surgery improved long‐term survival for patients with high‐risk soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, the authors re‐analyzed data from that trial using the Sarculator, a modern tool that predicts a patient’s individual risk. The authors observed that patients across all risk levels—but within the trial’s high‐risk inclusion criteria—tended to live longer when hyperthermia was added to chemotherapy, with the greatest benefit seen in higher risk patients. These results support using hyperthermia as part of treatment for patients who have newly diagnosed extremity sarcomas.
7. Extending the Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics for the AI era.
期刊: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Charles Friedman’s Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics holds that a person working in partnership with an information resource outperforms that same person unassisted. Since its publication, advances in artificial intelligence (AI), adaptive learning systems, and large-scale data infrastructures have transformed the biomedical ecosystem, extending informatics beyond clinical care into domains such as public health, consumer health, translational science, and the broader life sciences. Such expansion has further underscored the importance of the Fundamental Theorem while also elucidating ways it can be expanded to meet current needs. To reassess and extend the Fundamental Theorem for the AI era in a manner that preserves its conceptual strength while broadening its applicability across an evolved and more complex biomedical ecosystem. This Viewpoint synthesizes empirical evidence and sociotechnical theory related to human-AI collaboration, learning health systems (LHS), learning public health systems (LPHS), AI governance, and systems science to contextualize the Fundamental Theorem within such contemporary frameworks. We argue that the unit of analysis of the Fundamental Theorem should shift from individuals and tools to adaptive sociotechnical systems spanning clinical care, public health, translational research, consumer engagement, and life sciences innovation. We propose an expanded theorem: A learning biomedical ecosystem that continuously optimizes human-AI collaboration will outperform humans or AI alone. This evolution builds directly upon Friedman’s original theorem, reaffirming its human-centered foundation, while incorporating AI-enabled computation, adaptive learning, and systems-level integration across the modern biomedical enterprise.
8. Serum metabolic profile at clinical onset as predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression after 5 years.
期刊: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Metabolic dysregulations have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear whether metabolic profiles at disease onset predict long-term outcomes. We evaluated whether baseline metabolic profiles at MS onset could predict disease activity/progression over 5 years. This prospective study included 468 patients enrolled in the BENEFIT trial at first clinical episode who completed 5 years of follow-up. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of 545 metabolites was performed at baseline using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Associations with clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed using regression models, and machine learning was applied to identify metabolic signatures of worse outcomes. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates. Distinct metabolomic signatures were associated with worse 5-year outcomes, including relapses, lesion volume, brain atrophy, and disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC)). These signatures modestly improved outcome prediction beyond established predictors, with the largest gain for brain volume loss (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.68-0.86). Pathway analysis showed enrichment of nicotinate/nicotinamide, histidine, and arginine metabolism across several outcomes, with unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis specifically with relapses. Metabolic profiles in early MS modestly improve the prediction of 5-year outcomes beyond clinical factors. Consistent enrichment across some pathways suggests potential biological relevance, warranting further investigation of individual metabolites.
9. Autoimmune liver diseases and overlap syndromes in children with inflammatory bowel diseases.
期刊: European journal of pediatrics 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs)-including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC)/AIH-PSC overlap-are clinically relevant extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review summarizes current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes, highlighting key diagnostic challenges and therapeutic limitations. A narrative review of 57 studies, including both adult and pediatric cohorts, published between 1995 and 2026, was conducted. ESPGHAN, NASPGHAN, and AASLD guidelines were also reviewed. Clinical characteristics, imaging and laboratory findings, treatment approaches, and outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Pediatric IBD-associated AILDs affect 6-7% of children, predominantly those with ulcerative or extensive colitis, and frequently present as overlap phenotypes combining hepatitis and cholangiopathy features. Diagnosis is challenging due to variable liver biochemistry and the limited specificity of enzymes. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is the most informative cholestatic marker, while ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are complementary imaging modalities; liver biopsy remains essential for overlap phenotypes and fibrosis staging. Immunosuppression effectively controls hepatitis inflammation, whereas no disease-modifying therapy exists for pediatric PSC. Longitudinal monitoring using liver biochemistry, imaging, and risk stratification tools such as the Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) index for PSC is crucial. Event-free survival in PSC is approximately 70% at 5 years, with 10-30% of children requiring liver transplantation. Pediatric IBD-associated AILDs represent a heterogeneous and high-risk group of disorders. Multimodal diagnostic strategies and immunosuppressive therapy are central to management; however, effective treatments for PSC remain lacking, highlighting major unmet clinical needs. • Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are clinically relevant extraintestinal manifestations in pediatric IBD and often present with subtle or asymptomatic biochemical abnormalities. • Hepatic inflammation can be effectively treated with immunosuppression, but there are few treatments for cholangiopathy; long-term monitoring with liver biochemistry, imaging, and biopsy is advised. • The need for systematic hepatic surveillance even during remission is supported by the possibility that liver disease in pediatric IBD-associated AILDs may advance independently of intestinal activity. • A stepwise approach integrating GGT-based screening, early MRCP, and noninvasive tools (ultrasound and SCOPE index) may improve early detection and risk stratification, although pediatric-specific criteria and disease-modifying therapies remain unmet needs.
10. Correction to: Socio‑economic position and healthy ageing across the life course: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.
期刊: GeroScience 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
11. Serum PFAS in Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) Firefighters From Six U.S. Airport Fire Departments.
期刊: American journal of industrial medicine 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is a source of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for firefighters working in aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) settings. However, data characterizing the association between serum PFAS concentrations and exposure risk factors for ARFF firefighters are limited. In this cross-sectional study, ARFF firefighters (N = 193) from six U.S. commercial airports provided serum for quantification of nine PFAS and completed a survey in 2019-2020. A drinking water sample from each fire station was also analyzed for 29 PFAS. Serum PFAS concentrations were compared with demographically-similar participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify factors associated with serum PFAS concentrations. Geometric mean serum concentrations of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) branched isomers, and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were statistically higher in ARFF firefighters compared with NHANES participants. PFAS were detected in tap water at three fire departments, but only one department was characterized by detection of select PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, and PFHxS) in both water and serum. Past employment, detection of PFAS in drinking water, and age were positively associated with select PFAS concentrations; a recent change in workplace AFFF behavior or practice, female sex, and Black race exhibited inverse associations. Participants reporting changes in workplace behavior, policy, or practice had lower summed PFAS concentrations, suggesting these measures may help reduce exposure. Continued research is needed to evaluate exposure reduction strategies for firefighters, particularly those working in ARFF settings.
12. Sprayable Dual-Network Microgel Adhesive for Robust Wet Adhesion and Prolonged Analgesia in Complex Wounds.
期刊: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Managing deep, irregular wounds remains challenging due to poor suturability, persistent bleeding-induced wet environments, and neuropathic pain. Here, we have developed a sprayable dual-network microgel adhesive (PR) that rapidly covers complex wound geometries, combining strong wet tissue adhesion with sustained ropivacaine release. The sprayable powder format allows PR microgels to penetrate and adhere to irregular wound beds that conventional dressings cannot reach, with uniform particle size ensuring complete wound protection. Notably, PR maintains exceptional wet adhesion (∼40 kPa, over four times stronger than fibrin glue), enabling reliable sealing even under active bleeding conditions where liquid adhesives fail. The spray application simultaneously delivers liposomal ropivacaine, providing sustained analgesia (240 h release) that maintains pain-free mobility for over 168 h post-operation in rodent models. This on-demand sprayable platform addresses key limitations in wound management by integrating instant hemostatic adhesion with prolonged pain relief in a single conformable format, demonstrating significant potential for clinical application.
13. Leading Causes of Death Among Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native People, by Indian Health Service Area, 2020.
期刊: Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Accurate mortality data for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are critical for describing health disparities and program planning needs. We describe the rates of leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN as compared with non-Hispanic White populations living in the same area, by sex and Indian Health Service (IHS) Area in 2020. We used the 2020 US Cancer Statistics AI/AN Mortality Database and SEER*Stat software to calculate sex-specific age-adjusted death rates (per 100 000 population) for the 15 leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people in the United States overall (all areas combined), by IHS Area, and by age group. We restricted analyses to non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people living in Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties. Death rates were higher among non-Hispanic AI/AN people than among non-Hispanic White people in the United States overall (rate ratio = 1.90) and in every IHS Area (rate ratio range = 1.11-2.78). Death rates also varied by sex and age. Death rates were nearly 4 times higher among non-Hispanic AI/AN people than among non-Hispanic White people in the 25- to 44-year age group. Leading causes of death among non-Hispanic AI/AN males and females included COVID-19, heart disease, unintentional injury, cancer, and chronic liver disease. Death rates differed between non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White people by IHS Area, sex, and age when data corrected for racial misclassification were used. Our findings have important implications for guiding future public health practice to address disparities in mortality, particularly in the context of public health emergencies.
14. Occupational exposure and respiratory health effects among electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers in Bangladesh.
期刊: International journal of environmental health research 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
In a cross-sectional study, we measured concentrations of heavy metals and assessed respiratory symptoms and lung function in 199 e-waste recycling and 104 non-recycling workers. Exposed workers had higher median blood Pb, similar Cd, and lower total hair Hg levels than non-exposed workers. The frequency of respiratory symptoms, such as phlegm (53% vs 34%) and wheeze (10% vs 3%) were higher in exposed than in non-exposed workers (both p ≤ 0.05). Forced vital capacity (FVC) did not differ across the groups (74 vs 74% predicted), however forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, 75.8% vs 78% predicted), FEV1/FVC (103.7% vs 106.9%) and peak expiratory flow (PEF, 61% vs 72% predicted) were significantly lower among exposed workers. Adjusted estimates revealed that e-waste exposure significantly associated with wheeze (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI: 1.68, 22.93) and the median FEV1 and PEF were 6% and 10% unit lower, respectively, in the exposed workers than non-exposed workers. Pb concentration was significantly associated with 1.08% predicted unit decrease in PEF (95% CI: -18.85, -1.15). No significant mediation effect observed between exposure and outcomes relationships. The data implies that workers who are exposed to e-waste are at high risk of wheeze and lung function impairment, which requires preventive actions to mitigate exposure.
15. Extrusion and Pancreatin Superdosing Modulate the Metabolic Impact of 20% Chlorella vulgaris Inclusion in Broiler Diets.
期刊: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are gaining attention as sustainable and nutritionally valuable feed ingredients, with the potential to partially replace soybean meal in broiler diets. However, dietary inclusion of 20% C. vulgaris has been attempted, but negatively affected growth performance due to limited digestibility. This study examined the effects of including 20% Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) in broiler diets, either alone, extruded, or combined with 0.3% pancreatin supplementation, on blood parameters, plasma biochemistry, and liver composition. From day 7 to 35 of age, four dietary treatments were applied: a standard control diet (CTR), a diet with 20% C. vulgaris (CV), a diet with 20% C. vulgaris supplemented with 0.3% pancreatin (CVEN), and a diet containing 20% extruded C. vulgaris (CVEX). Findings showed that C. vulgaris dietary incorporation, regardless of treatment, led to a significant reduction in growth performance and an increase in specific plasma lipid parameters (p < 0.05) when compared with the CTR diet. However, in CVEN animals, such adverse effects were mitigated, resulting in improvements in final body weight and average body weight gain. Dietary inclusion of C. vulgaris modulated hepatic composition without affecting total hepatic lipid content. Chlorella-based diets lowered PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios and increased specific fatty acids, particularly C16:0 and 20:5n-3. Hepatic cholesterol and antioxidant-related compounds, including β-carotene, chlorophyll a-like pigments, α-tocopherol, and, in untreated C. vulgaris, γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol, were increased, and multivariate analysis clearly separated CTR diet-fed birds from Chlorella-fed groups. Multivariate analysis identified treatment-related patterns in both blood and liver samples. PCA of plasma parameters clearly separated all dietary groups. Conversely, hepatic PCA distinguished control from C. vulgaris treatments, which clustered together regardless of processing or enzyme supplementation, indicating consistent liver responses to microalgae dietary inclusion. Overall, these findings indicate that a 20% inclusion level of C. vulgaris requires digestibility-enhancing strategies to sustain broiler growth performance. Pancreatin supplementation effectively restored performance at this inclusion level to levels comparable to those of conventional maize-soy diets, highlighting the potential of enzyme-treated C. vulgaris as a viable main ingredient that supports both production outcomes and health-related attributes.
16. Active Site Engineering of Mn-Doped CeO2 Nanozymes: Enhanced Reactivity and Specificity for Colorimetric Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Waters.
期刊: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
The on-site monitoring of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in aquatic ecosystems is critical for safeguarding environmental and public health. However, conventional colorimetric sensing platforms are often constrained by a fundamental trade-off between signal sensitivity and target selectivity. To overcome this limitation, we developed manganese-doped ceria nanozymes (Mn-CeO2 NSs) with precisely engineered active sites to enhance both catalytic reactivity and molecular recognition capability. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that Mn doping not only increases catalytic site density and elevates the Ce4 +/Ce3 + redox ratio-enhancing peroxidase-like activity-but also modulates the charge density at metal centers. This electronic regulation strengthens PFOA binding through synergistic electrostatic attraction, Ce─F coordination, and hydrophobic interactions. The colorimetric system was integrated with smartphone-based grayscale analysis, enabling rapid on-site detection of PFOA across diverse real water samples and food matrices, with high recovery rates (93.10-106.75%) and reliable self-calibration. This work provides a facile and robust strategy for mapping PFOA distribution in natural waters.
17. Ecotoxicological assessment of photo-ozonation applied to emerging contaminants in single and mixed systems: evidence of increased toxicity after treatment.
期刊: Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Emerging contaminants are chemically diverse compounds that persist and migrate across environmental compartments, including water, soil, sediments, and food. Their removal from wastewater is particularly challenging, especially when present as mixtures, due to their persistence, low biodegradability, and formation of toxic byproducts. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of photo-ozonation for degrading the emerging pollutants octocrylene, methylparaben, and benzophenone, individually and in binary and ternary mixtures, using ecotoxicological bioassays, addressing a knowledge gap still little explored in the literature. Aqueous solutions containing 100 µg/L of each compound were prepared and subjected to photo-ozonation, generating treated samples. Raw and treated solutions were assessed using the bioindicators Allium cepa and Eisenia fetida. In the plant assay, benzophenone exhibited cytotoxicity prior to treatment, while benzophenone, octocrylene, and their mixture displayed mutagenic effects. After photo-ozonation, increased cytotoxic and mutagenic responses were observed, and additional mixtures became toxic, attributed to the formation of transformation products. In the avoidance test, only the ethylparaben-benzophenone mixture produced toxicity to earthworms, although higher avoidance rates were noted in benzophenone samples following treatment. Taken together, photo-ozonation showed limited effectiveness in reducing ecotoxicity. Data demonstrated that treatment strategies need to consider mixture interactions and byproduct formation, reinforcing the need for optimized and environmentally safe advanced oxidation processes.
18. In-situ remediation of phosphogypsum stockpiles via Ca-based immobilization: leaching behavior and groundwater protection.
期刊: Environmental geochemistry and health 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Phosphogypsum, a massive byproduct of the wet-process phosphoric acid industry, poses severe ecological risks due to the continuous leaching of soluble phosphorus and fluorine during open-air stockpiling. To mitigate these risks, this study developed an in-situ leaching simulation system to replicate stockpile conditions and systematically evaluate the remediation efficiency of Ca-based solidifying agents (Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3). The experiments investigated the impacts of agent dosage and curing time on impurity removal. Results demonstrated that removal efficiencies correlated positively with dosage. Under optimal conditions, removal rates reached 97% for soluble phosphorus and 78% for soluble fluorine. Consequently, mass fractions of soluble phosphorus and fluorine in phosphogypsum decreased to 0.03 and 0.19%, respectively, meeting requirements for gypsum-based building materials. The leaching simulation further indicated that the agents neutralized leachate pH (pH ≥ 6 for surface water and pH ≥ 6.5 for groundwater), effectively suppressing initial contaminant release peaks. Final concentrations in the leachate were significantly reduced to 0.29 and 1.28 mg/L for simulated surface water, and 0.05 and 0.03 mg/L for groundwater, fully complying with wastewater discharge and groundwater quality standards. Notably, soluble phosphorus and fluorine in the upper phosphogypsum layer dropped to 0.03 and 0.08%, achieving the first-grade standard. This work provides a cost-effective, scalable technical pathway for the simultaneous harmless treatment and resource utilization of phosphogypsum stockpiles.
19. Fostering Social Participation in Older Adults at Risk of Social Exclusion: Importance of Community Interventions Implemented in the Neighborhoods' Heart.
期刊: Research on aging 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aimed to describe and explore how three interventions (coffee-meetings, art workshops, guided library tours) could foster the social participation of older adults at risk of social exclusion in a revitalizing city. Using action research, the interventions were experimented in spring 2024 in Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada), with 20 older adults (71 ± 4.5; 16 women). Four focus groups involving all older participants and individual telephone interviews with three community organization workers enabled the description and exploration of the interventions through thematic content analysis. Older participants reported positive effects on their personal factors, physical environment, and social participation. The location of activities, adaptation to their preferences and social interactions were the main facilitators for their participation, while lack of accessibility was the main obstacle. Alongside the physical environment, it is important to consider the social environment in revitalization initiatives to foster social participation and awareness of community services.
20. Effectiveness of a Co-Designed Workplace-Based Intervention Program on Pain, Functional Limitation and Quality of Life Among Radiographers- A Study Protocol.
期刊: IISE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors 发表日期: 2026-Apr-26 链接: PubMed
摘要
Occupational ApplicationsThis study protocol outlines a co-design approach to develop a workplace-based intervention for radiographers to prevent and manage work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and enhance overall well-being. By engaging radiographers, occupational health specialists, and other relevant stakeholders in the intervention design process, the resulting interventions will be tailored specifically to the physical, cognitive, and organizational demands of imaging work. Beyond radiography, the methodology offers a transferable, step-by-step framework for identifying occupation-specific risk factors and translating these findings into tailored, feasible solutions. The protocol advances ergonomics practice by shifting from a prescriptive, one-size-fits-all approach to a collaborative, context-specific design, thereby ensuring that any resulting intervention is both evidence-informed and operationally sustainable, and aligned with real-world workplace needs. Background: Studies consistently report a high prevalence of work‑related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among radiographers, highlighting a significant occupational health risk. The lower back, neck, and upper back are the most commonly affected regions, impacting radiographers’ physical and mental well‑being. While the burden of WRMSDs in this group is well documented, there is a scarcity of rigorously evaluated interventions, which hinders efforts to reduce their prevalence and impact. This study aims to co‑design a multicomponent worksite wellness intervention with radiographers and to implement and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing WRMSD‑related pain and functional limitations and in improving broader aspects of health and work‑related well‑being.Methods: The study is divided into three phases. Phase 1 will determine the prevalence of WRMSD‑related symptoms and identify associated individual and work‑related factors among radiographers employed in healthcare facilities. Phase 2 will collaboratively develop a multicomponent intervention that addresses key wellness domains using a participatory ergonomics and co‑design process. Phase 3 will evaluate the effectiveness of the co‑designed worksite wellness program, with primary outcomes being WRMSD‑related pain and functional limitations, and secondary outcomes including muscle function, body composition, physical activity, work participation, and quality of life, assessed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures.Conclusion: This protocol outlines a participatory ergonomics and co‑design study to develop and test a worksite wellness program for radiographers. If effective, the intervention could contribute to improvements in work ability, quality of life, and potentially healthcare productivity, and provide evidence to inform policies and self‑care practices aimed at reducing WRMSDs among healthcare professionals.Trial registration: Study is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI), CTRI/2024/09/073280 [Registered on: 03/09/2024].
21. Association of plant-based diet with cardiometabolic multimorbidity trajectory: A prospective study in UK Biobank.
期刊: The journal of nutrition, health & aging 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Plant-based diets have been consistently associated with a lower risk of several individual cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, whether such dietary patterns differentially influence the progression from health to first-occurrence cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and ultimately mortality remains unclear. The present study analyzed data from 83,610 participants in the UK Biobank cohort who were not diagnosed with diabetes, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), or stroke at baseline. Multi-state models were employed to examine the impact of plant-based diets on trajectories of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. During a median follow-up period of 15.61 years, the median age of the participants at baseline was 57 years (IQR: 50 years-62 years), 42.72% were male. 9298 participants developed at least one CMD, 1,045 participants progressed to CMM, and 4169 participants ultimately died. The finding of the multi-state model suggest that, compared with Q1, both the overall plant-based diet index (PDI)[HR (95%CI): 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) for baseline to FCMD, 0.85 (0.83, 0.94) for baseline to CMM] and the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) [HR (95%CI): 0.60 (0.41, 0.89) for baseline to FCMD, 0.79 (0.53, 1.17) for baseline to CMM] were negatively associated with the risk of transitioning from health to FCMD and CMM. When grouping FCMD into disease-specific analyses, it was found that the three plant-based indices also exerted differential effects on the transition from health to diabetes. In the progression of CMM, high adherence of PDI and hPDI has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of transitioning from CMD-free to FCMD, particularly in diabetes, and lowers the risk of CMM with a much lower incidence risk from CMD-free to CMM compared to CMD-free to FCMD. The present study hypothesizes that both hPDI and unhealthy plant-based index (uPDI) are associated with the risk from baseline to death.
22. Measles, Rubella, and Mumps in Mexico: A National Serosurvey Highlighting Reemergence Risks.
期刊: Archives of medical research 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Despite the availability of effective vaccines, achieving the seroprevalence thresholds recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for eliminating measles, rubella, and mumps remains a public health challenge. A retrospective, cross-sectional serological survey was conducted, including 9,587 serum samples collected from 31 of the 32 federal entities of Mexico between September and December 2024. IgG antibody levels against measles, rubella, and mumps were quantified using chemiluminescent immunoassays. Seroprevalence was analyzed by age, sex, and geographic region. The overall seroprevalence rates were 78.3% for measles, 88.6% for rubella, and 81.5% for mumps (p <0.05). An age-stratified analysis revealed significant gaps in immunity against measles and mumps, particularly among those aged 10-39, where seroprevalence dropped below 70%. In contrast, more consistent protection against rubella was observed across all age groups, though younger children had lower antibody titers. Regional analysis indicated that only older adults reached the protective threshold against measles in all states. This study demonstrates that the current seroprevalence in Mexico does not correspond to the vaccination coverage recommended by the WHO and highlights the urgent need to strengthen vaccination strategies, conduct catch-up campaigns, and carry out continuous seroepidemiological surveillance to maintain elimination goals.
23. Socioeconomic disparities in biologic persistence among patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with increased health care utilization.
期刊: Inflammatory bowel diseases 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Biologic persistence, defined as the total uninterrupted time on a biologic agent, is associated with improved outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, social determinants of health (SDOH), such as socioeconomic status, may influence a patient’s ability to access these medications. We aimed to better understand the relationship between socioeconomic status and biologic persistence in patients with IBD and to determine whether patients with poor biologic persistence had higher health care utilization. We identified patients with IBD seen at the University of Michigan during 2015-2022. Using the Centers for Disease Control Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and biologic persistence, defined as an active biologic prescription for 365 days or longer, while controlling a priori for IBD type, age, sex, race, comorbidities, IBD severity, and insurance type. Secondarily, we examined the relationship between biologic persistence and unplanned health care utilization. In this cohort of 3067 patients with IBD who were prescribed biologics, 20% (n = 620) did not achieve biologic persistence. Low socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR] 0.56; P = .003) was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving biologic persistence. Biologic persistence was associated with lower risk of IBD-related hospitalization (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.48; P < .001), readmission (IRR, 0.52; P < .001), and surgery (IRR, 0.33; P < .001). Low socioeconomic status was associated with lower likelihood of biologic persistence and patients who lacked biologic persistence had greater IBD-related unplanned health care utilization. Biologic persistence is associated with improved outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that patients with low socioeconomic status were less likely to achieve biologic persistence and were more likely to experience higher rates of hospitalization, readmissions, and surgeries.
24. Resolution of thrombocytopenia through sodium bicarbonate intervention as an alternative diluent for heparin in an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patient: a case report.
期刊: Journal of medical case reports 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Thrombocytopenia is a common and multifaceted complication in patients receiving heparin therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Its development may result from several mechanisms, such as platelet consumption, hemodilution, shear stress, circuit activation, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Managing thrombocytopenia in this context can be challenging. Therefore, we present a patient who developed thrombocytopenia while receiving a heparin infusion, which resolved after changing the infusion diluent. We presented a case of a 64-year-old Pakistani male with multiple cardiac comorbidities who was admitted in a critical condition following cardiac arrest, requiring immediate resuscitation and veno-arterial ECMO initiation for circulatory support. During the ICU course, he developed thrombocytopenia while on heparin infusion diluted in D5W. Despite ruling out heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, his platelet counts continued to decline. As an alternative approach, the heparin diluent was switched to sodium bicarbonate, leading to recovery in platelet levels without the need for transfusion. This case highlights a possible association between using sodium bicarbonate as a diluent for heparin infusion and platelet recovery. While this finding warrants further investigation, additional studies are necessary to determine its broader clinical implications.
25. A scoping review of research capability building: impact on health workforce attraction and retention in rural and remote Australia.
期刊: Human resources for health 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Research capacity building (RCB) aims to enhance skills, embed evidence-informed practice, and contribute to improving patient and workforce outcomes, particularly in rural and remote areas that are disproportionately affected by workforce shortages, limited resources, and geographic isolation. However, evidence on the impact of RCB on health workforce outcomes and the barriers and enablers influencing RCB implementation and its sustainability remains limited. Thus, we mapped the available evidence on the relationship between RCB and health workforce outcomes, including attraction and retention in rural and remote areas, identified key success factors and challenges, and highlighted strategies to inform future policy and practice. A scoping review of published and publicly available grey literature from Australia (January 2000 to end of February 2025) was undertaken following the PRISMA-ScR 2020 statement and Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and Scopus online databases were searched, supplemented by Google, Google Scholar, and reference snowballing. The interconnectedness of the following domains was explored: (i) health professionals, (ii) research engagement and RCBs, (iii) workforce outcomes, such as attraction and retention, and (iv) rural/remote settings. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, with descriptive and thematic analyses conducted deductively and inductively following the socioecological model. Nineteen studies were included: nine qualitative, six quantitative, and four mixed methods. Three examined RCB implementations, three assessed the impact of RCB, one evaluated program effectiveness, and the remainder investigated multiple outcomes, including barriers and facilitators. Included studies reported that RCB initiatives were described as contributing to improved research skills, increased professional satisfaction, and perceived workforce retention, particularly when initiatives provided mentorship, protected time, and addressed locally relevant priorities. Common barriers identified limited organisational support, high workloads, and short-term funding, while strong leadership, embedded research facilitators, and alignment with community needs were key enablers. Longitudinal evidence directly linking RCB initiatives to measurable improvements in workforce attraction and retention was scarce. Our findings suggest a potential association between RCB and strengthened skills, increased professional satisfaction, and improved workforce stability in rural and remote areas. To sustain the impacts of RCB, the findings highlight the importance of locally relevant design, ensure adequate resourcing, and provide strong organisational leadership support. Finally, robust longitudinal evaluations of the impact of RCB on workforce attraction and retention will be essential to confirm and optimise its potential benefits.
26. Bridging ethical and governance gaps in digital health: insights from users and startups in Iran.
期刊: BMC health services research 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
27. Prioritising in a crisis: what next for malaria research?
期刊: Malaria journal 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Global malaria control is entering a period of profound uncertainty, with earlier gains now stalling or reversing amid a rapidly deepening shortfall in programme and research funding. At the same time, parasite and vector resistance, changing transmission patterns driven by climate and urbanisation, and growing conflict and displacement are reshaping malaria epidemiology and undermining the effectiveness of core tools. In this context, there is an urgent need to reconsider how malaria research is prioritised, funded and conducted. Drawing on a diverse group of stakeholders, this Perspective argues that malaria research must adopt a dual mandate: protecting lives now while preparing programmes for the next generation of biological and systemic threats. We highlight three interlinked priorities. First, pragmatic, equity‑focused implementation and health‑systems research should be prioritised to optimise the effectiveness, efficiency and coverage of existing interventions, including through integrated delivery models and closer collaboration with affected communities and implementers. Second, sustained investment in innovation-such as next‑generation chemoprevention strategies, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, novel vector control approaches, and digital or AI‑enabled surveillance-is essential, accompanied by operational research that addresses feasibility, cost and pathways to scale in real‑world conditions. Third, we highlight a critical research stream on sustainable and diversified financing, and on how data, economic evidence and political economy analysis can more effectively inform national and global decision‑making. By re‑orienting towards an impact‑driven, context‑sensitive and value‑for‑money research agenda, the malaria community can help stabilise fragile programmes, reduce the risk of resurgence and preserve momentum towards long-term malaria elimination in an era of constraint.
28. Effects of a brown rice-derived supplement on physical, cognitive and mental health among adults and the role of the gut microbiota: study protocol for a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
期刊: BMC complementary medicine and therapies 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
29. Development and usability of a mobile ecological momentary assessment platform for dietary surveillance in the U.S.
期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
30. Timing of perioperative oral care and postoperative pneumonia: a propensity score-matched cohort study.
期刊: BMC oral health 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
31. Clinicians' Reactions to Point-of-Care Advertising in Electronic Health Records.
期刊: Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Pharmaceutical marketers have introduced novel ways to deliver point-of-care advertising to clinicians through their electronic health record systems (EHRs) workflow. However, there is a lack of research exploring clinicians’ perspectives on prescription drug promotion within EHR systems. To understand clinicians’ awareness of, experience with, and opinions about EHR drug promotion. This qualitative study conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 36 clinicians, including physicians, physician assistants, and hospital-based pharmacists. The interviews were conducted between March 19, 2024, and April 9, 2024, using an online videoconference platform. Participants were asked about their knowledge of EHRs that display drug promotions. Participants were shown sample EHR drug promotions in different formats, including banner ads, pop-ups, and sponsored content. For each drug promotion viewed, participants were asked questions about their overall thoughts, likes, recognition, intentions, and if they had any concerns. Participants expressed a lack of awareness regarding the existence of prescription drug promotions that could be displayed within and around EHR systems. Overall, participants preferred promotions that offered cost savings to the patients or that they considered informative. However, many raised concerns about the ethical implications and potential distractions associated with EHR drug promotion. The findings from this qualitative study contribute to the sparse literature on the clinicians’ perceptions of EHR drug promotion. The findings highlight the need for further investigation into the influence of prescription drug promotions within EHRs.
32. Associations Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation: a Partial Least Squares Path Analysis.
期刊: The Psychiatric quarterly 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
33. Long-term breast cancer survivors: experiences, needs, and proposals for person-centred care.
期刊: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Long-term breast cancer survivors experience permanent effects of cancer treatment such as reduced strength, aerobic capacity, and mobility, as well as cognitive, cardiac, or neurotoxic complications. This study aims to characterise the experience and needs of breast cancer survivorship care and to examine its alignment with the person-centred care model, based on the perspectives of long-term breast cancer survivors and the multidisciplinary professionals involved in their care. This study co-created, with long-term breast cancer survivors and healthcare professionals, a patient journey map to visually describe their experiences. Healthcare-related needs were also prioritised, and solutions to improve health services were proposed. Person-centred care in breast cancer survivorship is yet to be fully implemented. Five relevant areas of care were identified through independent focus groups and workshops: early recurrence detection, monitoring of potential physical consequences, psychological health, employment-related aspects, and healthy lifestyles. Being involved in the decision-making process and being listened to were identified as priority needs by patients. Meanwhile, healthcare professionals stressed the importance of improving communication with patients. Psychological support and care coordination were among the most important needs for both patients and healthcare professionals. Potential solutions to address these needs included improving access to information and communication channels, increasing resources (such as rehabilitation, psychotherapy, case managers, and direct scheduling), and strengthening support for healthy lifestyle and employment, as well as creating specific training for healthcare professionals. Experiences and care needs of long-term breast cancer survivors were visualised in the patient journey map, which can be used for service redesign.
34. Integrated multi-omics maps how processed black ginseng modulates gut homeostasis through rare ginsenosides.
期刊: NPJ science of food 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Black ginseng, a functional food, is known for enhanced bioactivity, yet systems-level understanding of how its specific bioactive compounds modulate host physiology remains to be elucidated. This study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to map the systemic host responses by which processed black ginseng influences gut health. Through bioactivity-guided screening in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced zebrafish model, nine-time steamed black ginseng extract (BG-9) exhibited optimal efficacy in inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress. Chemical profiling by HPLC revealed that rare ginsenosides Rk1, Rg3, and Rg5 were the predominant components in BG-9, collectively accounting for 56.87% of the total ginsenosides. Among them, Rk1 showed the most potent protective effects in vivo. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered that Rk1 intervention significantly reversed DSS-induced metabolic disturbances, primarily by regulating glycine, serine, threonine, and cysteine-methionine metabolism pathways, alongside neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. These findings provide a multi-omics map delineating that rare ginsenoside Rk1 serves as the primary bioactive constituent through which black ginseng induces systemic physiological changes that modulate gut homeostasis. This work bridges the gap between the consumption of black ginseng as a functional food and its health benefits, offering a systems biology perspective for its application in gut health promotion.
35. Identification of synovial lymphatic system in the temporomandibular joint and their roles in arthritis and pain.
期刊: Nature communications 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is a craniofacial disorder characterized by joint dysfunction and orofacial pain. Lymphatic regulation and function in TMJ remain unknown. Using genetic reporter mice, human tissues, tissue clearing, 3D volume imaging, and functional studies, we identified a synovial lymphatic system in TMJ. In a mouse model of TMJ arthritis, inflammation induces extensive lymphatic remodeling and leads to synovial lymphatic dysfunctions. Functional genetics and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that lymphatic deficiency induces a population of fibroblast-macrophage hybrid cells and enhances inflammation, exacerbating cartilage defects, bone loss, synovitis, and pain behaviors in TMJ arthritis mice. Conversely, lymphatic function promotion via a hydrogel-mediated VEGF-C delivery prevents TMJ pain, inflammation, and arthritis-like pathogenesis. Thus, we identified synovial lymphatics in TMJ and found that lymphatic dysfunction drives TMJ arthritis and pain, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
36. Biomimicking neuromelanin reverses the gait deficits and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the Parkinson's disease.
期刊: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, including gait deficits. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and ferroptosis play pivotal roles in dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD. In this study, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) are introduced as synthetic neuromelanin to exert neuroprotective effect in 6-OHDA-induced PD models. Biomimicking neuromelanin exhibited robust neuroprotection by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and normalizing iron homeostasis, thereby mitigating iron overload, suppressing lipid peroxidation, and inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PDA NPs effectively reversed dysregulation of iron metabolism by inhibiting 6-OHDA-induced up-regulation of iron uptake (DMT1) and down-regulation of efflux (FPN1) proteins, thereby reducing intracellular iron overload. Additionally, PDA NPs suppressed ferritin heavy chain (FTH) expression and restored antioxidant enzyme activity (GPX4 and SOD), alleviating lipid peroxidation and inhibiting ferroptosis. In vivo, PDA NPs significantly restored motor and gait parameters in PD mice, as evidenced by improvements in behavioral tests and dynamic gait analysis. PDA NPs also preserved tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the substantia nigra and reduced microglial activation, indicating both dopaminergic neuron protection and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings provide new insights into the multi-targeted neuroprotective mechanisms of biomimicking neuromelanin and suggest a promising and innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.
37. Ubiquilin1 restricts influenza viral replication through trapping vRNP in the late endosomes.
期刊: Cell reports 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. Although multiple stages of the viral life cycle have been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms governing viral uncoating remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the host protein Ubiquilin1 (UBQLN1) as a restriction factor that inhibits IAV uncoating. UBQLN1 interacts with viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), preventing HDAC6-dependent uncoating and sequestering vRNPs in late endosomes. In addition, UBQLN1 disrupts the interaction between vRNPs and importins, thereby impairing nuclear import of vRNPs. Functionally, UBQLN1 restricts replication of multiple influenza virus strains both in vitro and in vivo. UBQLN1 knockout increases cellular susceptibility to infection and promotes viral replication, and loss of Ubqln1 in mice leads to higher viral loads and exacerbated disease severity. These findings identify UBQLN1 as a host factor that blocks influenza infection by targeting viral uncoating and suggest a potential antiviral strategy.
38. Health management strategies of resilient honey bee stock throughout Southern California.
期刊: Journal of economic entomology 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Significant losses of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) have been documented in recent years, driven by multiple stressors including parasites, pesticide exposure, and environmental change. To mitigate escalating hive losses, some beekeepers in Southern California collect and propagate locally occurring, free-living colonies, often referred to as “survivor” or “Californian” honey bees, that persist with limited human intervention. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of beekeepers managing colonies in Southern California to compare management practices and reported outcomes across stock types. Beekeepers clustered into 3 groups: those managing only commercial colonies (35.3%), only Californian colonies (29.4%), or a mixture of both (35.3%). Respondents indicated that management practices had been adapted when keeping Californian honey bees and reported reduced expenditures associated with queen replacement and disease management. These bees were widely perceived to possess beneficial traits, including greater colony persistence and potential climate resilience. However, quantitative analyses did not detect significant differences in reported parasite prevalence among stock types, highlighting the importance of distinguishing perception from measured outcomes. Additional studies are needed to evaluate characteristics such as defensiveness, productivity, and seasonal survival using standardized approaches. Overall, our findings suggest that Californian stock may represents a viable and potentially cost-effective component of sustainable apiculture. Further research is required to clarify the ecological, genetic, and physiological mechanisms underlying beneficial key life-history traits, which may involve tolerance, resistance, or their interaction. Such knowledge would provide a foundation for future breeding efforts aimed at developing honey bee populations that are robust to multiple ecological stressors.
39. Waste-to-sensor upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate over Ag/Zr-MOF photocatalyst for microplastic degradation and AI-assisted heavy metal detection.
期刊: Journal of biological engineering 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
This study aims to develop an integrated waste to sensor platform that couples photocatalytic PET depolymerization with on stream quantification of coexisting heavy metals. We achieve this by preparing AIM-202 through surface coordination of Ag to a water stable Zr-aspartate MOF (MIP-202), creating Ag0/Agδ+ electron sink sites that enhance charge separation and reactive oxygen species generation while preserving the parent framework. The material was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, photoluminescence, KPFM, and EPR, and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated under Xe lamp irradiation. AIM-202 (5 mg mL-1) oxidized PET with increased FT-IR oxidation indices and surface pitting, and generated soluble products that increased from 151.40 µmol (week 1) to 277.27 µmol (week 2), corresponding to 11.63% and 28.68% conversion to quantified byproducts. The PET derived fluorophore 2-hydroxyterephthalate enabled fluorescence quenching based Cu2+ and Fe3+ sensing, and physics guided models refined with lightweight machine learning provided robust concentration back calculation. The novelty lies in a closed loop design in which MOF mediated depolymerization simultaneously produces the sensing reporter and enables data assisted quantification, supporting scalable remediation and monitoring within a single integrated scheme.
40. Air pollution and mortality in a University of Michigan amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohort: a survival analysis.
期刊: Environmental health : a global access science source 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
41. Correction: Understanding emotional and practical challenges of initiating oxygen therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: insights from a patient-centered survey.
期刊: BMC pulmonary medicine 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
42. Effect biomonitoring in a controlled firefighting setting: an untargeted metabolomic pilot study.
期刊: Archives of toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
Exposure biomonitoring is limited to quantifying the internal dose of specific contaminants. However, it fails to capture the complex total biological burden comprising chemical mixtures (such as fire emissions) and physical and psychological stress. Effect biomonitoring, particularly using untargeted metabolomics, is required to comprehensively assess the systemic health effects of these complex exposures. This pilot study aimed to identify metabolic changes by analyzing urine samples collected from two individual firefighters before and after two controlled training scenarios. One scenario measured physical stress (using respiratory protection only), while the other measured additional smoke exposure (using a controlled fire). Samples were derived from an established exposure biomonitoring study which confirmed relevant additional exposure for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the fire scenario despite protective gear. Urinary metabolites were extracted and analyzed using untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by data analysis using MetaboAnalyst and R software. 79 human metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation of the metabolic profiles. A t-test identified four metabolites specifically and significantly regulated by fire exposure: a decrease in catechol and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and an increase in 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and serotonin. Pathway analysis confirmed that the tryptophan and catecholamine pathways were primarily impacted. The observed metabolic changes indicate a significant systemic stress response and biological effect caused by fire exposure. Although metabolic changes indicate biological effects, the study conditions do not allow for distinguishing between toxicological and non-toxicological stressors (i.e. heat). The study demonstrates the potential of urinary metabolomics as a non-invasive method for supplementing effect biomonitoring for firefighters.
43. Reasons for tooth extraction in a Swedish county dental service: a 5-year longitudinal cohort study with focus on endodontic pathology.
期刊: BDJ open 发表日期: 2026-Apr-25 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study was to investigate tooth extractions in a Swedish public general dental practice setting, including the proportion of endodontically treated teeth, reasons for extraction, and subsequent prosthetic replacement. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 20 clinics within the Public Dental Service of Västra Götaland, Sweden. During an 8-week period, general dental practitioners consecutively registered reasons for tooth extraction. Patients’ pain levels were assessed. Pre-extraction radiographs were assessed for tooth status. Five-year follow-up data from electronic dental records were used to determine whether the extracted teeth had been prosthetically replaced and to classify the type of replacement. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A total of 133 patients (61 men and 72 women; mean age 54.0 years, SD = ± 15.8) underwent extractions. Endodontic pathology (36.8%) and fractures (24.8%) were the most common reasons. Sixty-one patients had previous endodontic treatment, and one-third of extracted teeth were root-filled. Thirty-five teeth were prosthetically replaced, most often with removable prostheses (45.7%). Endodontically treated teeth, including those with initiated or completed root canal treatment, were markedly overrepresented among extractions, yet prosthetic replacement was infrequent. Younger patients less often opted for replacement, warranting further investigation of factors influencing replacement decisions.
44. Narrowband vs broadband ultraviolet B phototherapy for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled trial.
期刊: The British journal of dermatology 发表日期: 2026-Apr-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy is recommended in clinical guidelines for atopic dermatitis, but it is uncertain whether narrowband or broadband UVB is more effective and better tolerated. The objective of this parallel-group randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of broadband vs. narrowband UVB for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Participants were 18 years and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis refractory to topical corticosteroids. Participants were randomized 1:1 via a centralized computer randomization scheme to full-body broadband or narrowband UVB phototherapy, with ongoing concomitant topical therapy. Participants were blinded but treating and assessing clinicians were not. The primary outcome was change in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included achieving 0 or 1 and improvement of 2 or more on the validated Investor Global Assessment scale (vIGA) and change in Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (PP-NRS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Recap of atopic eczema RECAP). Efficacy analyses were conducted on a modified intention-to-treat population, including all randomized participants who receive at least one dose of phototherapy. 34 participants were randomized to broadband UVB and 35 to narrowband UVB. 32 participants received at least one dose of broadband UVB and 34 received at least one dose of narrowband UVB and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The mean age was 37.1 years in the broadband UVB arm and 33.2 in the narrowband UVB arm. The mean (95% credible interval) change in EASI score in the broadband UVB arm was -8.1 (-12.1 to -4.1) and in the narrowband UVB arm was -8.9 (-13.0 to -4.9). In the adjusted analysis, the difference between arms in change in EASI was -0.7 (-5.6 to 4.1). There were no significant differences between arms for any of vIGA, POEM, PP-NRS, DLQI or RECAP. There were 4 withdrawals from phototherapy due to adverse events in the broadband arm and 0 in the narrowband arm. In this study, broadband and narrowband UVB were similarly effective and narrowband UVB was better tolerated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.
45. Assessing physical activity barriers and facilitators among Latinos/as: Qualitative findings from a citizen science pilot study in a Los Angeles park.
期刊: Health & place 发表日期: 2026-Apr-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
Though underutilized, urban parks are important locations for physical activity (PA), and improving them is a proven strategy to increase PA levels in surrounding communities. The proportion of the US Latino/a population meeting PA guidelines is low, but little attention has been paid to what physical environmental factors make it easier or more difficult for this population to engage in PA nor how acculturation may influence those perceptions. We conducted a first-generation exploratory investigation utilizing the Our Voice citizen science method at Hazard Recreation Center-located within a primarily Latino/a, lower-income neighborhood in east Los Angeles (LA)-to better understand the role of built environment perceptions on PA in this population. Multigenerational Latino/a citizen scientists (N = 32) collected geo-tagged photos and comments in their preferred language (416 photos total) during walk audits in summer 2024, which were analyzed using content analysis. To elucidate differences by acculturation, the proportion of comments on each topic was compared between the English- and Spanish-speaking groups using Fisher’s exact test. These analyses revealed sidewalks and surfaces, play areas, and landscaping as the most common topics raised among all of the entries. Moreover, a significant difference in the counts of the identified themes was found between the English- and Spanish-language groups. Findings provide initial insights about the influence of the physical environment on PA and park utilization among Latino/a people-including the possible role of acculturation on individual perceptions-and will help to inform future larger-scale studies aimed at identifying ways to both identify and improve PA-supportive park environments in these under-resourced communities.
46. Design of the School-Based SI! Program Reintervention Trial for Child Health Promotion.
期刊: JACC. Advances 发表日期: 2026-Apr-24 链接: PubMed
摘要
The SI! Program is a long-term, school-based intervention promoting cardiovascular health across multiple age groups. This article presents the design of a new cluster-randomized controlled trial incorporating a reintervention to strengthen sustainability and promoting a school-family approach. A total of 977 children (age 6.2 years, 51.6% girls) from 50 schools in Spain were recruited. Schools were randomized to a reintervention group (intervention in second grade and reintervention in fifth grade) or a single-intervention group (intervention only in fifth grade). The primary endpoint is the change in the SI!-Child score-diet, physical activity, sleep health, and body mass index-between baseline and 5-year follow-up. The secondary endpoints include 5-year changes in SI!-Child subcomponents, sedentarism, adiposity, and the Life’s Essential 8 score and subcomponents. This revised SI! Program builds on insights from earlier trials, emphasizing adherence and long-term behavior change through a reintervention combined with active engagement of the school community and families. (The SI! Program Reintervention for Elementary Schools Trial [PSIR]; NCT06715358).
47. Older Adults Receive Limited Physical and Occupational Therapy Post-Stroke: A Cohort Study in the Veterans Health Administration.
期刊: Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 发表日期: 2026-Apr-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Rehabilitation post-stroke improves functional recovery but comprehensive, longitudinal evaluations of rehabilitation use are challenging due to the multiple care settings. This study quantified rehabilitation use and its predictors among older adults (≥65 years) across post-acute and outpatient within 6 months post-stroke. This retrospective cohort study quantified physical (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) received in the post-acute (inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], skilled nursing facility [SNF], and home health [HH]) and outpatient settings, within and outside of the VA, in the 6 months following an acute stroke hospitalization between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. All rehabilitation services billed in VA or Medicare (Fee-for-Service and Advantage) were examined. Post-acute and Community PARTICIPANTS: Veterans who were ≥65 years and hospitalized in a VA or non-VA medical center with an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. N/A MAIN OUTCOME: The total amount of rehabilitation, defined as a composite score of length of stay for IRF and SNF and number of home health and outpatient PT and OT visits. The cohort comprised 161,376 hospital admissions for 133,420 unique patients with a mean (SD) age 78.0 (8.2) years. Overall, 65.8% received post-acute rehabilitation and 25.6% received outpatient rehabilitation. The median [min, max] number of total rehabilitation encounters was 10 [0, 234] over the 6-month period. The significant covariates associated with a slightly higher rate of rehabilitation use per month, included age, hemorrhagic stroke, a widowed, divorced, or separated marital status, high neighborhood deprivation, intensive care unit admission, comorbidity, and stroke severity. Rurally residing adults had significantly lower rates of rehabilitation use per month. The low amount of rehabilitation post-stroke underscores an important need to enhance opportunities for older adults to receive adequate rehabilitation.
48. Provocation of occupational asthma by non-specific irritation and its relevance for the classification of chemicals as respiratory allergens: a case study of methyl methacrylate.
期刊: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 发表日期: 2026-Apr-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Allergic sensitisation of the respiratory tract by chemicals, commonly associated with asthma, is an important adverse health effect. However, the accurate identification of true chemical respiratory allergens remains problematic. In the absence of fully validated predictive test methods, or a universally agreed adverse outcome pathway, it is commonly the case that regulatory classification of chemicals as respiratory allergens relies solely upon clinical data that frequently fails to distinguish between irritant-provoked bronchial responses and true allergic sensitisation. Here this issue is explored using as a case study methyl methacrylate (MMA). In a regulatory context this chemical has been proposed for classification as a respiratory sensitiser on the basis of specific inhalation challenge data in humans. A review of the clinical data on which the proposal is based reveals that they are unsuitable for accurate discrimination between allergic and non-specific irritant mechanisms. Furthermore, the available information supports that MMA lacks respiratory sensitising activity. This conclusion is supported by review of experimental data, derived from both animal studies, and recently published in vitro assessments, that individually and collectively indicate that MMA is not a respiratory sensitiser. It is concluded that accurate regulatory classification of chemical respiratory allergens cannot rely solely on clinical studies.
49. Targeting CX3CR1 inhibits silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis in mice via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
期刊: Toxicology 发表日期: 2026-Apr-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Silicosis is the most severe occupational disease, with complex fibrotic mechanisms and a lack of effective therapies. Macrophage CX3CR1 has recently been found to play an important role in fibrosis diseases, and our previous studies have revealed that silica induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via macrophages and EMT was closely related to silicosis fibrosis. However, whether macrophage CX3CR1 is involved in silica-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of macrophage CX3CR1 in silica-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis. A silicosis model was established in two types of transgenic mice (Cx3cr1-knockout and Sftpc-EGFP mice), and CX3CR1 was inhibited via gene knockout and pharmacological intervention. Results showed that silica up-regulated CX3CR1 and induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells while inhibiting CX3CR1 significantly alleviated EMT and fibrosis. In vitro two types of Cx3cr1 siRNA were used in RAW264.7 cells, and it showed that targeting CX3CR1 suppressed silica-induced EMT in MLE-12 cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of the NF-κB pathway in vivo. In vitro experiments further confirmed that combined inhibition of CX3CR1 and NF-κB synergistically alleviated silica-induced EMT. These findings indicate that the CX3CR1-NF-κB axis plays an important role in silica-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting CX3CR1 inhibits silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis in mice via the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing new insights for the prevention and treatment of silicosis.
50. Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Placental DNA Methylation, and Small Vulnerable Newborns: Insights from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort.
期刊: Environmental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr-23 链接: PubMed
摘要
Small vulnerable newborns (SVN), a novel conceptual framework proposed in recent Lancet Series, encompassing preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birthweight (LBW), are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes across the life course. While prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, existing evidence remains inconsistent, and evidence within the broader SVN framework is limited. This study analyzed data from 1,021 mother-child pairs in the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort to explore associations between prenatal PFAS exposure, SVN, and placental DNA methylation. PFAS concentrations were measured in umbilical cord serum using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Placental DNA methylation was profiled using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip in a subsample of 80 participants. Higher exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA and total molar concentration of PFAS (∑PFAS) was significantly associated with increased SVN risk, while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and ∑PFAS were specifically linked to the term SGA subtype. Associations were more pronounced among female infants, with significant positive associations of PFOA, PFHxS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, and ∑PFAS with SVN. In the methylation analysis, prenatal ∑PFAS exposure was associated with differential methylation at 87 placental CpG sites related to developmental and cell migration-related processes, 18 of which were also associated with SVN. This study suggests that prenatal PFAS exposure may contribute to neonatal developmental vulnerability, potentially in relation to alterations in placental DNA methylation.
51. Evaluation of retention and selectivity for positional isomers in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using a quantitative retention assessment approach.
期刊: Journal of chromatography. A 发表日期: 2026-Apr-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography has been shown to be able to separate positional isomers on polar stationary phases. However, detailed mechanisms for positional isomer separation are not clearly understood due to the lack of methodologies that can differentiate different mechanisms (i.e., partitioning, adsorption, electrostatic interactions) involved in HILIC. In addition, the driving force for selectivity has not been investigated due to unclear retention mechanisms. In this study, we have applied the quantitative retention assessment methodology to evaluate the retention mechanisms and separation of various positional isomers of hydroxybenzenes and dihydroxybenzoic acids. The study results indicate that adsorption is the main retention mechanism for hydroxybenzene isomers, but partitioning becomes more significant at high ammonium acetate concentrations. For dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers, partitioning is the main retention mechanism in the entire range of ammonium acetate concentration used in this study and adsorption is a minor mechanism. On the positively charged stationary phase, electrostatic attraction makes a moderate contribution to the observed retention at low salt concentration. On the negatively charged stationary phase, electrostatic repulsion significantly reduces retention below 10 mM ammonium acetate. Quantitative assessment of retention mechanisms makes it feasible to identify the driving force for selectivity for the positional isomers. Mechanistic-based evaluation indicates that adsorption underscores the selectivity for resorcinol/catechol and phloroglucinol/1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene isomer pairs, but partitioning drives the selectivity for 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and pyrogallol. Selectivity for dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers is driving primarily by adsorption on the negatively charged zwitterionic phase; however, electrostatic repulsion plays a significant role at low ammonium acetate concentrations. The driving force for selectivity on the positively charged mixed-mode phase is not clear, but adsorption is likely to play an important role. In addition, the log P data for these isomers found in public databases is often based on calculation and it is difficult to use to evaluate the relative polarity of these isomers. The partitioning coefficients measured in this study can potentially be used for this purpose.
52. Nasal humoral immunity: the first line of protection against respiratory pathogens.
期刊: ImmunoHorizons 发表日期: 2026-Apr-22 链接: PubMed
摘要
The nasal cavity is the first site of infection for respiratory pathogens, and control of pathogens at this site is critical for limiting disease progression. Mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract has historically been studied in the lungs despite lung infections typically arising as a result of lack of pathogen control in the upper respiratory tract. However, the generation of vaccines to prevent infection and block transmission requires an understanding of how immune responses are generated and maintained within the nasal cavity. Recently, a concerted research effort to understand immune responses in the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract has revealed new insight into how local immune responses are generated and help to control respiratory pathogens. Here, we discuss these recent advances and outstanding questions in our understanding of humoral immunity within the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract.
53. Don't Mess With Tita Marites: Camp as Critique and Care in the Filipino Nursing Diaspora.
期刊: Nursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
Professional discourses continue to view nursing through an aesthetic of seriousness that polices comportment, voice, and credibility, especially among migrant nurses. This discussion paper examines how campful comedy can unsettle these regimes while simultaneously performing care, focusing on the recurring TikTok persona “Tita Marites” by Filipino-Canadian nurse-creator @nurse.johnn. Drawing on camp theory and Narsolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Nursologies), we conduct a discursive, multimodal reading of public short-form videos to trace how exaggerated performance functions as both critique and care in diasporic nursing contexts. We show how Tita Marites’ camp performance (i.e., bob wigs and colourful scrubs as costume, Taglish cadence, kinship address, food-giving, and micro-choreographed gestures) recasts governance, challenges physician primacy and textbookism, and builds solidarity through gastronomic hospitality and kinship. Audience reception further demonstrates how this Filipino-coded persona resonates as a recognisable unit figure and a shared language of protection and care. We argue that campful comedy offers nursing philosophy a way to theorise counterperformance, visibility, and relational care under conditions of migrant struggles.
54. Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontitis: A Systematic Umbrella Review.
期刊: Clinical and experimental dental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and periodontitis using an umbrella meta-analysis (MA). PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched before December 2025. MAs reporting odds ratios (OR) for the association between OSA and periodontitis were included. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Random-effects MA was performed. Egger’s test and trim-and-fill analysis were used to assess the publication bias. Seven MAs encompassing over 225,000 participants were included. A significant association was found between OSA and periodontitis (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.68-2.29, p < 0.0001), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 69.5%). After using trim-and-fill method to adjust for publication bias, the association strengthened (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.92-2.60, p < 0.0001). A dose-response pattern emerged, with severe OSA showing higher odds (OR 2.25) compared to mild-moderate OSA (OR 1.82), though not statistically different (p = 0.44). The association remained consistent among different study qualities and sample sizes. The GRADE assessment rated the certainty of evidence of the main outcome as low due to heterogeneity and publication bias. Further, a high overlap ratio of 26.8% was observed among the included MAs. The results of this review suggest a significant association between OSA and periodontitis, with a greater association of severe OSA with periodontitis. Future studies should examine the impact of periodontal therapy on OSA severity and vice versa. CRD420251241137.
55. Experience and Preparedness of Primary Care Dentistry Residents in Dental Care Delivery to Rural Communities in South Texas.
期刊: Clinical and experimental dental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess dental residents’ self-perceived preparedness to provide dental care and their experiences delivering care in rural communities in South Texas. This cross-sectional study evaluates advanced education in general dentistry (AEGD, n = 19) and pediatric dentistry (PD, n = 20) residents’ preparation for rural dentists and experiences providing dental care in rural South Texas. Residents participated in a rural dental practice management workshop, followed by clinical rotations at rural community health centers (CHCs) in South Texas. At the conclusion of each CHC rotation, residents completed a Resident’s Online Activity Report (ROAR) reflecting on their preparation for rural dental practice, ability to manage patients with complex healthcare needs, and understanding of perceived barriers to care and access issues in rural communities. Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize residents’ patient encounters, preparation to treat patients with complex healthcare needs, and evaluation of rural clinical rotation experience. Open-ended responses were summarized narratively. Primary care dentistry residents participated in 78 rural rotations and completed 74 ROARs (94.9% rate). AEGD residents self-reported (rating system: 1 = no preparation, 4 = excellent preparation) that they were best prepared to treat dental pain (3.54) and manage patients with tobacco use (3.17), while PD residents cited being well prepared to manage early childhood caries (3.76) and dental and facial trauma (3.68). Overall, PD residents (4.19) had a higher mean rating for clinical rotations at rural CHCs than AEGD (4.01). Residents indicated that the most useful parts of the rotations were the formulation of treatment plans guided by specialist faculty, using available resources to provide dental care, and understanding challenges to receiving dental care in rural areas. Didactic education in rural dental practice combined with clinical rotations at rural CHCs across South Texas, improved primary care dentistry residents’ understanding of challenges faced by rural populations and enhanced their clinical and patient management skills, better preparing them to care for populations with high burden of oral disease and complex healthcare needs.
56. "Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study".
期刊: Clinical and experimental dental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions, and it is considered a grade modifier of periodontitis. However, its association with peri-implant diseases is still under investigation. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between diabetes and peri-implant disease. Seventy patients (35 with T2DM and 35 non-diabetic) were included, for a total of 227 dental implants in function for at least 1 year. Patient characteristics, implant features, and peri-implant diseases (including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) were recorded. The overall prevalence of peri-implant diseases was not statistically different between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (80% vs. 77%, p = 0.99). When distinguishing between peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis (51% in diabetic patients vs. 63% in non-diabetic individuals; p = 0.47) and peri-implantitis (51% in diabetic patients vs. 43% in non-diabetic individuals; p = 0.63) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Our findings did not suggest different occurrence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Therefore, type 2 diabetes may not play a relevant role in peri-implant diseases.
57. Prevalence of Osteoarthritis Using Cone Beam in Patients at the University of Cuenca.
期刊: Clinical and experimental dental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in patients from the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2017-2023. A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted, evaluating 201 computed tomography scans obtained from the Imaging Department of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca from 2017 to 2023. A total of 402 temporomandibular joints were analyzed for imaging characteristics such as subarticular bone erosion, articular flattening, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis. The prevalence of OA was 31.1%, with 8.5% of male patients and 22.6% of female patients diagnosed. Among the joints analyzed, 27.3% showed osteophytes, 7.4% showed erosion, and 17.4% showed pseudocysts. Less than half of the joints analyzed showed signs of OA, with females being the most affected and ages 18 to 28 years being the most common.
58. Side-Specific Mastication Prevalence and Its Association With Sex, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Italian University Students.
期刊: Clinical and experimental dental research 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
To assess the prevalence of unilateral chewing among Italian university students and investigate its association with sex, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity. In this cross-sectional study, 1536 students completed a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence of unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptoms was described using frequencies and percentages. Anxiety and somatic symptoms were measured using the self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Pearson Chi-square and Cramér’s V examined the association between sex and unilateral chewing behavior. Differences in GAD-7 and PHQ-15 scores across unilateral chewing categories were analyzed using ANOVA-based methods with post hoc tests. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the association between unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity while controlling for age and sex. Overall, 19% of participants reported unilateral chewing “most” or “all of the time.” Moderate-to-severe anxiety and somatic symptoms were each reported by 45% of participants, assessed separately. A significant weak to moderate association between sex and unilateral chewing was reported (p < 0.001). Unilateral chewing behavior was significantly associated with total anxiety scores (p < 0.001), with “all of the time” chewers having four points higher scores than “none of the time” or “a little of the time,” and three points higher scores than “some of the time” chewers. A significant association (p < 0.001) was also observed between unilateral chewing and PHQ-15 scores, with “all of the time” chewers having three points higher scores than “none of the time” and two points higher scores than “a little of the time.” Ordinal regression analysis confirmed these associations, although the effect sizes were modest. Frequent unilateral chewing behavior is associated with higher levels of anxiety and somatic symptoms. Assessing unilateral chewing may help guide interventions promoting bilateral mastication and mindful eating.
59. Centring Biodiversity in Nursing for Decolonial Planetary Health.
期刊: Nursing inquiry 发表日期: 2026-Apr 链接: PubMed
摘要
Escalating biodiversity loss is tied to a global colonial-capitalist order that treats human and other-than-human lives as resources for extraction. Sustained by logics of separation and hierarchies of value, this order creates grave risks for planetary health. Nursing is a profession and discipline grounded in relational caring praxis and a growing commitment to decolonizing perspectives. This positions nurses to resist these logics and instead act in recognition of the critical importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of human and other-than-human communities. In this discussion paper, we synthesize decolonial and ecological scholarship alongside nursing praxis. We engage five movements (Indigenous Consensus, Natural Law, Rights of Nature, Kincentric Ecology and Queer Ecology) that hold an ethics of kinship and resistance to colonial-capitalist logics. We argue that centring biodiversity, especially in light of the current global biodiversity crisis, offers a pathway to decolonial planetary health. Drawing on this synthesis, we outline implications for nursing research, education, advocacy and policy, and practice, reorienting nursing’s ethical commitments toward multispecies care and justice. This is the first nursing-centred synthesis to integrate biodiversity care with decolonial ethics.
60. Prevalence and Correlates of Depression among Non-Parturient, Pregnant, and Postpartum Women in Ibadan, Nigeria.
期刊: West African journal of medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
Depression among women of reproductive age (WRA) is a major public health challenge because of its impact on mothers, children, and family members. The study determined the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among women of reproductive age at the three levels of healthcare in Ibadan, Nigeria. This cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted to compare the prevalence and correlates of depression among 991 pregnant, 662 postpartum, and 674 non-pregnant women using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression to determine the factors associated with and predictors of depression at p<0.05%. The mean age of respondents was 29.9±6.3 years. Prevalence of depression was highest among pregnant women (38.5%), followed by non-pregnant (32.9%) and postpartum women (29.6%) (X2=14.93; p-value=0.001). Women whose husbands had primary education or below and those with financial problems were twice as likely to be depressed as those who did not. The presence of family problems and money-related issues were the predictors of depression across the groups. Depression was common in women across the reproductive age lifespan. There is a need for screening for depression during routine health care to identify the women most at risk and for prompt intervention. La dépression chez les femmes en âge de procréer constitue un problème majeur de santé publique en raison de ses répercussions sur les mères, les enfants et les membres de la famille. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence de la dépression et ses facteurs associés chez les femmes en âge de procréer aux trois niveaux de soins de santé à Ibadan, au Nigéria. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale menée en milieu hospitalier, comparant la prévalence et les facteurs associés à la dépression chez 991 femmes enceintes, 662 femmes en post-partum et 674 femmes non enceintes, à l’aide de l’échelle Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives, du test du chi carré et de la régression logistique binaire afin d’identifier les facteurs associés et les prédicteurs de la dépression, avec un seuil de significativité de p < 0,05. L’âge moyen des participantes était de 29,9 ± 6,3 ans. La prévalence de la dépression était la plus élevée chez les femmes enceintes (38,5 %), suivies des femmes non enceintes (32,9 %) et des femmes en post-partum (29,6 %) (χ² = 14,93 ; p = 0,001). Les femmes dont les conjoints avaient un niveau d’instruction primaire ou inférieur, ainsi que celles confrontées à des difficultés financières, avaient deux fois plus de risque de dépression que les autres. La présence de problèmes familiaux et financiers constituait des prédicteurs de la dépression dans tous les groupes. La dépression est fréquente chez les femmes tout au long de la période de procréation. Il est nécessaire d’intégrer un dépistage systématique de la dépression dans les soins de santé de routine afin d’identifier les femmes les plus à risque et d’assurer une prise en charge rapide. Dépression, Femmes non parturientes, Femmes enceintes, Femmes en post-partum.
61. Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Tropical Diabetic Hand Syndrome in Diabetic Patients: A Case Series from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
期刊: West African journal of medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
One of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) - both type 1(T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) is Tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS). The initiating event ranges from trivial trauma to overt injury to the hand in the presence of hyperglycaemia, usually aggravated by poorly treated wounds, superimposed infection and peripheral neuropathy. This case series aims to highlight the different forms of presentation of TDHS and their outcomes. This is a case series that reviewed four cases of TDHS managed at the Endocrine Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, over an 11 months period from August 2023 to June 2024. Out of seven identified cases, four with complete treatment records were included. Case 1: A 24-year-old female single lady with a 2-week history of a stick injury to the left hand presented with a random blood sugar (RBS) of 22.2 mmol/L, swelling, ulcers, and pus discharge. Staphylococcus spp. was cultured from the wound. She was treated with antibiotics and underwent debridement. Case 2: A 20-year-old female trader presented with a 2-weeks history of spontaneous blisters on the right hand with an RBS of 22.5mmol/L, she exhibited similar symptoms as case 1. Staphylococcus spp. was also cultured. She had antibiotics and debridement. Case 3: A 44-year-old male butcher presented with a 3-weeks history of a knife injury to the left hand, along with swelling, ulcers, pus, and gangrene with an RBS of 18.5mmol/L. He required debridement and subsequent amputation. Case 4: A 49 year-old widow, a known T2DM, and Hypertensive heart failure patient who presented with left hand swelling and ulceration from the cannula site. She eventually died from multiple organ failure. TDHS remains a serious and preventable complication among diabetic patients in tropical regions. This case series underscores the importance of educating patients on hand care in addition to other forms of diabetic education to prevent severe outcomes such as gangrene and amputation. L’une des complications du diabète sucré (DM), qu’il soit de type 1 (DT1) ou de type 2 (DT2), est le syndrome de la main diabétique tropicale (SMDT). L’événement déclencheur varie d’un traumatisme mineur à une lésion franche de la main en présence d’hyperglycémie, généralement aggravée par une mauvaise prise en charge des plaies, une infection surajoutée et une neuropathie périphérique. Cette série de cas vise à mettre en évidence les différentes formes de présentation du SMDT ainsi que leurs issues. Il s’agit d’une série de cas portant sur quatre patients atteints de SMDT pris en charge à l’unité d’endocrinologie de l’Hôpital Universitaire Ahmadu Bello (ABUTH), à Zaria, sur une période de 11 mois allant d’août 2023 à juin 2024. Sur sept cas identifiés, quatre disposant de dossiers thérapeutiques complets ont été inclus. Cas 1: Une femme célibataire de 24 ans présentant un antécédent de traumatisme par bâton à la main gauche datant de deux semaines, avec une glycémie aléatoire de 22,2 mmol/L, un œdème, des ulcérations et un écoulement purulent. Staphylococcus spp. a été isolé de la plaie. Elle a été traitée par antibiothérapie et a bénéficié d’un débridement. Cas 2: Une commerçante de 20 ans présentant depuis deux semaines des bulles spontanées à la main droite avec une glycémie aléatoire de 22,5 mmol/L, avec des symptômes similaires au cas 1. Staphylococcus spp. a également été isolé. Elle a reçu des antibiotiques et un débridement. Cas 3: Un boucher de 44 ans présentant un traumatisme par couteau à la main gauche datant de trois semaines, associé à un œdème, des ulcérations, du pus et une gangrène, avec une glycémie aléatoire de 18,5 mmol/L. Il a nécessité un débridement suivi d’une amputation. Cas 4: Une veuve de 49 ans, connue pour un DT2 et une insuffisance cardiaque hypertensive, présentant un œdème et une ulcération de la main gauche au site de pose de la canule. Elle est finalement décédée d’une défaillance multiviscérale. Le SMDT demeure une complication grave mais évitable chez les patients diabétiques des régions tropicales. Cette série de cas souligne l’importance de l’éducation des patients sur les soins des mains, en complément des autres aspects de l’éducation diabétique, afin de prévenir des issues graves telles que la gangrène et l’amputation. Syndrome de la main diabétique tropicale, Traumatisme, Chirurgie, Éducation.
62. Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria.
期刊: West African journal of medicine 发表日期: 2025-Dec-30 链接: PubMed
摘要
The links between periodontal disease and a number of systemic diseases including respiratory diseases have been widely reported in the literature. The burden and prevalence of periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing globally. Periodontitis is now recognised as an independent risk factor for COPD. In addition, these two chronic diseases have similar pathogenic mechanisms. Despite these facts, the role of prevention of periodontitis in the management of COPD had not been fully explored. The aim of the study was to look at the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the control of symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in our resource-limited settings. Sixty-nine COPD patients with concurrent periodontitis, who were at least 40 years old, were recruited from the Chest clinic of a tertiary institution in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria between July 2021 and January 2023. Using GraphPad software, the participants were randomly categorised into two groups (control and intervention). The intervention group received non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and oral hygiene instructions (OHI) while the control group received oral hygiene instruction (OHI) only after the initial determination of the aMMP-8 assay and oral examinations. However, they had their non-surgical periodontal therapy after the three months follow-up. Clinical parameters such as COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and a biomarker active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. Independent t-test was used for normally distributed variables for the two groups while Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed variables. Paired t-test was used for the intra-group comparisons of the mean values and p value set at <0.05. A total of 69 participants comprising 35 participants in the intervention group and 34 participants in the control group were enrolled in this study. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the CAT scores from 18.66 to 15.06 (p<0.04), aMMP-8 from 26.28ng/ml to 18.66ng/ml (p<0.001), mean PPD from 2.78mm to 2.64mm (p<0.05) and mean CAL from 4.64mm to 4.50mm (p<0.001) in comparison to the control group ( CAT scores from 18.91 to 17.59 p=0.07, aMMP-8 from 30.80ng/ml to 27.11ng/ml p=0.11, mean PPD from 2.82mm to 2.84mm p=0.37, and mean CAL from 4.88mm to 4.89mm p=0.69). The results of this study emphasize the possible advantages of incorporating periodontal care into strategies for managing COPD. Les liens entre les maladies parodontales et un certain nombre de maladies systémiques, y compris les maladies respiratoires, ont été largement rapportés dans la littérature. Le fardeau et la prévalence des maladies parodontales ainsi que de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) augmentent à l’échelle mondiale. La parodontite est désormais reconnue comme un facteur de risque indépendant de la BPCO. En outre, ces deux maladies chroniques présentent des mécanismes pathogéniques similaires. Malgré ces faits, le rôle de la prévention de la parodontite dans la prise en charge de la BPCO n’a pas été pleinement exploré. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’effet de la thérapie parodontale non chirurgicale sur le contrôle des symptômes de la BPCO dans un contexte à ressources limitées. Soixante-neuf patients atteints de BPCO avec une parodontite concomitante, âgés d’au moins 40 ans, ont été recrutés à la clinique de pneumologie d’un établissement tertiaire à Ile-Ife, dans l’État d’Osun, au Nigeria, entre juillet 2021 et janvier 2023. À l’aide du logiciel GraphPad, les participants ont été répartis aléatoirement en deux groupes (témoin et intervention). Le groupe d’intervention a reçu une thérapie parodontale non chirurgicale (NSPT) ainsi que des instructions d’hygiène bucco-dentaire (OHI), tandis que le groupe témoin a reçu uniquement des instructions d’hygiène bucco-dentaire après la détermination initiale du test aMMP-8 et les examens buccaux. Toutefois, ce groupe a bénéficié de la thérapie parodontale non chirurgicale après le suivi de trois mois. Les paramètres cliniques tels que les scores du test d’évaluation de la BPCO (CAT), la profondeur de sondage des poches (PPD), le niveau d’attache clinique (CAL) et le biomarqueur métalloprotéinase matricielle-8 active (aMMP-8) ont été enregistrés au départ et après 3 mois. Le test t indépendant a été utilisé pour les variables normalement distribuées entre les deux groupes, tandis que le test de Mann-Whitney U a été utilisé pour les variables non normalement distribuées. Le test t apparié a été utilisé pour les comparaisons intra-groupes des valeurs moyennes, avec un seuil de significativité fixé à p < 0,05. Un total de 69 participants, dont 35 dans le groupe d’intervention et 34 dans le groupe témoin, ont été inclus dans cette étude. Le groupe d’intervention a montré des améliorations statistiquement significatives des scores CAT (de 18,66 à 15,06 ; p < 0,04), des niveaux de aMMP-8 (de 26,28 ng/ml à 18,66 ng/ml ; p < 0,001), de la PPD moyenne (de 2,78 mm à 2,64 mm ; p < 0,05) et du CAL moyen (de 4,64 mm à 4,50 mm ; p < 0,001) comparativement au groupe témoin (scores CAT de 18,91 à 17,59 ; p = 0,07, aMMP-8 de 30,80 ng/ml à 27,11 ng/ml ; p = 0,11, PPD moyenne de 2,82 mm à 2,84 mm ; p = 0,37, et CAL moyen de 4,88 mm à 4,89 mm ; p = 0,69). Les résultats de cette étude soulignent les avantages potentiels de l’intégration des soins parodontaux dans les stratégies de prise en charge de la BPCO. Maladie parodontale, score du test d’évaluation de la BPCO (CAT), contrôle de la BPCO, aMMP-8.