公共卫生文献雷达（2026-07-16）
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1. Towards standardized gut microbiota diagnostics: normobiosis beyond geographical borders.
主题：流行病学 / 可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：同时命中多个关注主题；包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Defining clinically meaningful reference states of the human gut microbiota remains a major barrier to the clinical translation of microbiome testing, largely due to variability across populations. We aimed at evaluating whether dysbiosis can be identified in a standardized, geography-independent manner, using a composite, system-level microbiome diagnostic framework. We performed a retrospective observational analysis of 831 adult stool samples collected from healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or other chronic inflammatory conditions across seven countries. In addition, U.S. National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) human fecal reference materials were analyzed. Dysbiosis was assessed using a fixed microbial marker panel and composite distance metrics anchored to a clinically validated healthy Scandinavian reference population, using GA-map® Dysbiosis Test as an exemplar of this diagnostic framework. The diagnostic framework reproducibly identified normobiosis and dysbiosis across geographically distinct populations (USA, Canada, Germany, Italy, and the UK). Severe dysbiosis was detected with high specificity (93.6%) and positive predictive value (90.2%), independent of subjects’ country of origin. Healthy individuals showed highly comparable dysbiosis index distributions across regions. These findings demonstrate that clinically useful dysbiosis diagnostics do not require geographically tailored reference populations and support the feasibility of standardized, geography-independent microbiome diagnostics for clinical application.
2. A scoping review on the use of virtual patients for enhancing empathy in medical students.
主题：生物统计与研究设计 / 可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Medical education online
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：同时命中多个关注主题；包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Virtual patients have been increasingly utilized in medical education to develop empathy in a structured and scalable manner. Compared with traditional methods such as clinical practice and standardized patients, virtual patients can offer reproducible, resource-efficient learning experiences. This scoping review maps the research on virtual patient-based interventions designed to foster empathy in medical students. It seeks to identify existing research gaps, including conceptual definitions of empathy, scenario design, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and outcome measures. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology was followed, and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting were used. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts; a third reviewer resolved any discrepancies. Findings were presented narratively and in tabular form to highlight key insights and research gaps. Eighteen studies involving 1,920 medical students were included. The most common study design was single-arm pre-post pilot studies (n = 4, 21.1%), followed by randomized controlled trials (n = 2, 10.5%) and mixed-methods designs (n = 2, 10.5%). Five research gaps were identified: 1) lack of explicit definitions of empathy, 2) limited diversity in clinical scenarios, 3) absence of repeated virtual patient interventions, 4) limitations in assessment methods, and 5) insufficient evidence on the sustained outcomes of empathy. These findings offer important insights into the current state of medical education, where standardized curricula for empathy training remain underdeveloped. Future efforts should address these challenges by integrating virtual patients into instructional designs that effectively foster empathy in medical students. This review provides a foundation for developing and implementing educational programs that meet the needs of students seeking to enhance their empathic abilities and contribute to improved patient outcomes and prevent clinician burnout.
3. Causal association and shared mechanisms between Graves’ disease and prostate cancer: insights from Mendelian randomization, machine learning, and comprehensive bioinformatics.
主题：流行病学
期刊：The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Observational studies link hyperthyroidism to increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but causality and mechanisms remain unclear. Graves’ disease (GD), the primary cause of hyperthyroidism, involves chronic immune dysregulation that may influence PCa through shared immune pathways.
METHODS: We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using IEU Open GWAS data, then integrated differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to identify shared gene, validated by ROC curves, and analyzed immune profilesusing ssGSEA.
RESULTS: MR analysis indicated that genetic predisposition to GD significantly reduced PCa risk (OR = 0.997, 95% CI = 0.996-0.999, p = 0.004), with consistentsensitivity and no reverse causality. Four key genes (BTG2, JUN, JUNB, FOS) were identified as robust shared genes with high predictive accuracy in external validation. Immune profiles analysis revealed disease-specific associations of these genes: BTG2 and JUNB correlated with memory CD8 T cells in GD, whereas all four genes correlated with dendritic cells, mast cells and NK cells in PCa.
CONCLUSION: This study provided novel insights into the protective effect of GD against PCa and identified shared genes and immune mechanisms, offering a deeper understanding of the common mechanisms between GD and PCa.
4. Planning and implementation of a community-wide tuberculosis screening intervention: a case study from Naujaat, Nunavut, Canada.
主题：流行病学
期刊：International journal of circumpolar health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
In Nunavut, public health management of tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge due to social and economic inequities, geographic isolation, TB-related stigma, and distrust in healthcare linked to a history of colonialism. A TB outbreak was declared in Naujaat, Nunavut following an increase in reported cases starting in January 2023. In response to this outbreak, the Naujaat community-wide TB screening (CWS) clinic was held from April 15th to May 29th, 2024, with support from the Nunavut Tunavik Incorporated (NTI) leadership and community engagement teams. This article outlines the steps taken in the coordination and implementation of a large public health intervention in this remote, northern community. Despite significant logistical challenges, the CWS clinic screened 89.2% of the 1000-person target consisting of all previously unscreened individuals residing in the community. As a result, 31 individuals with latent TB infection and <5 active TB cases were diagnosed and offered treatment, representing nearly 4% of those undergoing 2-step testing. Although the screening outcomes suggested that community transmission was low at the time of community-wide screening, it nonetheless exceeded the WHO threshold of 0.5% prevalence for community-wide screening. Lessons learned through the Naujaat CWS can help inform future public health actions towards TB elimination in Nunavut and other circumpolar jurisdictions.
5. xinguangA preliminary characterization of PI4K/PIPK alterations across solid tumors: an exploratory framework for prognostic and therapeutic stratification.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Cancer biology & therapy
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to systematically characterize the genomic alteration landscape of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) and phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) family genes in solid tumors, assess the correlation of these alterations with patient clinical outcomes and the tumor immune microenvironment, and explore their potential as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on whole-exome sequencing data from a cohort of 2,144 Chinese patients encompassing 18 solid tumor types. Genomic and transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer project were integrated to perform survival analysis, correlating genomic alterations, gene expression levels, and patient overall survival. Associations between these gene alterations and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were also evaluated.
RESULTS: We identified PI4K/PIPK alterations in 10.5% of 2,144 patients, with PIP4K2C amplification reaching 48%. While PI4K2B amplification and overexpression are consistently associated with poor prognosis in COAD, family-wide effects were highly heterogeneous across cancers. Alterations significantly correlated with higher TMB and MSI-H, and multi-omics analysis revealed tissue-specific immune landscapes, highlighting the family’s potential for risk stratification and immunotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first systematic delineation of the genomic alteration landscape of PI4K and PIPK families at a pan-cancer scale within a Chinese population. It identifies PI4K2B as an amplification-driven prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer, with potential clinical value analogous to HER2. These findings illuminate the significant roles of these kinases in cancer and provide novel insights for future precision oncology strategies.
6. Canine brain imaging with a new low-field portable (0.05 T) MRI scanner: a pilot in vivo comparison to conventional 1.5 T.
主题：流行病学
期刊：The veterinary quarterly
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Prohibitive costs associated with high-field MRI systems have resulted in reduced access in resource-limited areas with consequential healthcare inequities. This has renewed interest in purposefully designed low-field (LF) systems that, despite inherently lower signal-to-noise ratios, have advantages in terms of cost, portability, and accessibility. This pilot study successfully translated a previously developed LF (0.05 T) MRI canine cadaver brain protocol for in vivo application and compared the acquired images with paired 1.5 T images from 21 different canine patients. The visibility of 15 anatomic features was ordinarily scored (scale 1-3) on transverse T1-weighted post-contrast (21/21 patients) and T2-weighted (17/21 patients) sequences. Lateral ventricles were easily visualized (89.3%-100% scored 3/3) across all sequence‒system combinations, with T2-weighted sequences also providing good identification of the mesencephalic aqueduct (56.3%-100%), fourth ventricle (77.1%-100%), and thalamus (68.8%-100%). Absolute visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis confirmed comparable performance of the LF system to the 1.5 T MRI for these features, a particularly relevant finding given the system’s originally intended application for pediatric hydrocephalus neuroimaging in resource-limited areas. This study represents the first in vivo usage and evaluation of a 0.05 T MRI in a clinical veterinary context.
7. Vaccination coverage and influencing factors of four non‑National Immunization Program vaccines: A cross‑sectional survey among children aged 1‒6 years in Beijing, China.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, rotavirus vaccine (RV), and varicella vaccine (VarV) have been recommended by WHO for inclusion in National Immunization Program (NIP). However, their vaccination rate is low in China as self-funded vaccines. This study aimed to investigate the coverage of these four vaccines and to identify their influencing factors. Selected via multi-stage stratified sampling, 4,182 guardians participated in a February-March 2025 study. Guardians completed an online questionnaire capturing sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward vaccination, and indicators of immunization service accessibility. Individual-level vaccination histories for children were extracted from the Beijing Immunization Information System and linked to survey responses. The vaccination coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, RV and VarV were 48.5%, 47.4%, 43.5% and 89.3%, respectively. Older age, residence outside urban areas (suburban, outer suburban), and greater number of children in the household were associated with lower coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV, with adjusted ORs ranging from 0.160 to 0.929 (all p values < .05). Conversely, higher household income (200,000-499,999 CNY and ≥500,000 CNY), guardians’ perceived vaccination necessity, and receipt of vaccination notifications were associated with higher coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV, with adjusted ORs ranging from 1.018 to 6.521 (all p values < .05). The results indicated the vaccination coverage of PCV, Hib vaccine, and RV remains suboptimal in Beijing, with evident regional disparities. Free vaccination policies for PCV, Hib vaccine, RV, and VarV, together with strengthened reminder systems and targeted health education interventions, may help improve vaccine coverage among children.
8. Mode of delivery in women with versus without psychiatric vulnerability.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: Maternal mental health during pregnancy may influence obstetric outcomes. This study examines associations between psychiatric vulnerability [PV]-defined as current or past psychiatric disorder-and mode of delivery and its indication.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large Dutch maternity hospital. Primiparous women aged ≥ 18 with singleton pregnancies were included between January 2015 and March 2020.
RESULTS: In total, 705 women with and 837 women without PV were included. No differences in delivery method were found between these groups. However, women using psychotropic medication had significantly higher odds of undergoing an assisted vaginal delivery [AVD] than a spontaneous vaginal delivery [SVD] (aOR = 2.00). Indications related to maternal mental health for unplanned caesarean section [CS] were exclusively observed in the group with PV (3.4%). No differences were observed in obstetric or fetal indications.
CONCLUSIONS: Although mode of delivery did not differ between women with and without PV, women using psychotropic medications had higher risks for undergoing an AVD than a SVD. Only in a small proportion of women with PV, maternal mental health constituted an indication for unplanned CS. Further research is warranted to better understand the intersection of PV and psychotropic medication on delivery method.
9. Dose-response relationship between growth hormone treatment and the development of scoliosis in children with short stature.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Annals of medicine
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate whether growth hormone (GH) treatment increases the risk of scoliosis in children with short stature and analyse a dose-response relationship.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional and cohort study design was used. The cross-sectional study included 1160 children with short stature (355 and 805 in the GH-exposed and non-exposed groups, respectively). The scoliosis prevalence was compared. A total of 313 short stature children without scoliosis at baseline were enrolled in the cohort study (158 and 155, respectively, in the GH and non-GH groups). The median follow-up time was approximately 4.5 years. The relationship between risk factors and GH dose and the occurrence of scoliosis was evaluated with the outcome of new-onset scoliosis.
RESULTS: The incidence of scoliosis in the GH exposure group was significantly higher than that in the non-exposure group (5.40% vs. 2.40%, p=0.008). The risk of scoliosis in the GH group was 2.726 times higher than that in the non-GH group (HR=2.726, 95%CI: 1.326-5.605, p=0.006). The total GH dose was positively correlated with scoliosis risk, and there was a dose-response relationship between the total GH dose and the risk (HR=1.002, 95%CI: 1.001-1.003, p<0.001). A dose-response relationship was confirmed, with the predicted probability of scoliosis increasing continuously with cumulative GH dose.
CONCLUSIONS: GH therapy is an independent risk factor for scoliosis in children with short stature, with a significant dose-response relationship. The cumulative GH dose can be used as a preliminary reference indicator for risk stratification and personalized monitoring.
10. Effectiveness and safety of brentuximab vedotin-containing regimen versus standard chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicenter cohort study.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) constitutes 3.4% of all cancers in Saudi Arabia, with advanced-stage relapse rates reaching 40%. While the anti-CD30 agent brentuximab vedotin (BV) has established efficacy, local data are limited. This study aims to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of Brentuximab vedotin (BV)-containing regimens compared to non-BV regimens in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted including 93 adult patients with relapsed or refractory cHL in Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2021. Patients were categorized into a BV-containing group (n = 61) and a control group (n = 32). The outcomes were overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and post-chemotherapy complications.
RESULTS: = The BV group showed a higher ORR compared to the non-BV group (82.5% vs. 76.9%), although this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 9.09; 95% CI = 0.67-122.57; P = 0.10). CR rates were comparable between the two groups, at 59.6% in the BV group vs. 61.5% in the control group (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 0.24-14.46; P = 0.55). EFS was significantly longer in the BV group compared with the control group in the crude analysis (22.5 vs. 11.2 months; P = 0.03); however, this finding did not reach statistical significance in the regression analysis (beta coefficient = 7.04; 95% CI = -2.96 to 17.03; P = 0.18). Post-chemotherapy complications were comparable and not statistically significant across both groups.
CONCLUSION: The research indicates that BV may offer a potential clinical advantage for patients with relapsed or refractory cHL. To validate these findings and optimize treatment strategies for this population, larger long-term studies with expanded patient cohorts are required.
11. Temporal trends and global comparison of the burden of thalassemia in China: an analysis of the Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the temporal trends, age‒sex patterns, and disease burden of thalassemia in China from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, so as to optimize resource allocation and health strategy planning.
METHODS: Data on incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for thalassemia in China and worldwide are extracted from the GBD 2021 database. Trends are analyzed using Joinpoint regression, and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is applied to forecast the burden over the next 15 years.
RESULTS: Compared to the global average, China demonstrates a more pronounced decline in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). In contrast, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) remained stable and significantly higher than the global level. The disease burden was higher in males and concentrated in children under five, with a visible shift toward older age groups. Projections indicate a potential rise in ASIR, stable ASPR with minor fluctuations, and continued decline in ASMR and ASDR over the next 15 years.
CONCLUSION: China has made significant progress in reducing the disease burden associated with thalassemia. However, the disease burden remains higher than the global average, with persistent disparities by sex. These findings underscore the need for sustained and targeted public health strategies.
12. Impact of faculty and resident gender on milestone evaluations in anesthesiology residency: a retrospective analysis.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Medical education online
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Anesthesia-specific milestone evaluations are intended to objectively assess performance in ACGME core competencies for anesthesiology residents. Recent reports in several medical specialties have documented differences in resident evaluations based on gender.
OBJECTIVE: We studied the impact of faculty and resident gender on milestone evaluations during Anesthesiology residency.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis of 20,570 anesthesiology resident milestone evaluations from a single institution over a 7-year period during the ACGME milestones 1.0 time frame. Standardized scores were analyzed using a linear mixed model.
RESULTS: 170 anesthesiology residents were evaluated by 194 faculty. For CA1 evaluations, mean standardized milestone scores for the core competencies of professionalism (p = 0.002) and interpersonal/communication (p < 0.001) and for overall assessment (p = 0.009) were dependent on faculty gender. For CA2 evaluations, regardless of the evaluator gender, the mean standardized milestone scores for many individual core competencies were significantly higher for female residents compared to male residents. For CA3 evaluations, mean standardized milestone scores did not differ significantly between male residents and female residents for any core competency, however overall assessment scores were dependent on faculty gender with male faculty scoring male residents more highly and female faculty scoring female residents more highly (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: We observed an association between faculty gender and milestone evaluation scores of residents that was most evident for CA1 residents. We also observed the overall assessment scores for male and female residents were significantly influenced by the gender of the faculty evaluator. Further work is required to better understand and mitigate gender bias to promote equity in resident assessment.
13. C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index as a novel biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus association in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS: Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to explore the relationship between CTI and the risk of T2DM. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to examine the sensitivity of CTI to T2DM risk and its interaction with confounding factors, respectively. Machine learning algorithms were employed to rank variable importance in T2DM. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to investigate the clinical value of CTI.
RESULTS: CTI showed a significant positive linear association with T2DM, influenced by hyperlipidemia and BMI. CTI was related to T2DM risk among individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dL. CTI ranked as the top predictor of T2DM risk. The area under the curve (AUC) of CTI was 0.767 in predicting T2DM. CTI provided a clinical net benefit for predicting T2DM when the threshold probability ranged from 0.18 to 0.64.
CONCLUSION: CTI is associated with future T2DM in women with prior GDM, showing a continuous dose-response relationship. Elevated LDL-C may enhance CTI’s predictive power.
14. Socio-ecological factors associated with becoming street-connected among working and homeless children and youth in Namibia.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Although Southern Afrikan governments implement child protection programs, children and youth who work and/or live on the streets remain a persistent challenge. Guided by Ubuntu and Adaptive Calibration frameworks, this cross-sectional survey examined socioecological factors at individual, family and street levels to inform child protection interventions that is linked to the UN sustainable development goal 1 (SDG). Bivariate analyses of 217 purposively sampled street-connected participants aged 6 to 21 in urban Namibia showed that early adolescence (mean age 13.5) remains a high-risk period for transitioning to street life. Multivariable logistic regression showed that higher odds of homelessness were associated with out-of-school, living with siblings or extended family before street involvement, leaving home due to neglect; sexual, physical, or psychological abuse; or parental alcohol abuse, earning less than N$100 and utilising shelter services. These associations reflect participants adaptive calibration of psychosocial stressors and economic realities of the urban landscape but, is in tension with the Ubuntu principle of belonging and interdependence. Findings suggest that family poverty is a key driver to enter the street economy while maltreatment and school dropout sever ties to the home, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies, strategies to prevent street-involvement and ultimately achieve SDG-1.
15. Rethinking vaccine mandates through the lens of penalties and incentives: A 7S framework approach.
主题：卫生政策与真实世界证据
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Conceptually, current definitions of vaccine mandates involve two key elements: the requirement to be vaccinated and sanctions for non-compliance. However, during COVID-19, governments frequently introduced vaccine mandates in contexts where people were already denied access to work, travel, and social activities due to lockdowns and restrictions. This important context disrupts the standard operation of vaccine mandates. Accordingly, this paper explores COVID-19 vaccine mandates in New South Wales (Australia), France, Israel, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, where mandates primarily served as incentives to restore basic rights to travel, work, and access public spaces, that were restricted during the pandemic. Through document analysis and key informant interviews, the paper examines how governments employed this “removal and restoration” model and explores how mandate policy instruments create incentive structures. In discussing the implications of mandates in relation to lockdowns and restrictions, and the perception of mandates as “coercive offers”, the paper proposes a revised conception and a 7S vaccine mandate framework by adding synergy and sustainment to the existing 5S model. It concludes by outlining the significance of this revised conception and framework for vaccine mandate policy research, design, and communication.
16. Effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise performance and central fatigue: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced fatigue is a complex, non-pathological state that acutely limits physical performance, and the serotonergic (5-HT) system has been proposed as an important modulator of its central components. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise-related outcomes.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and SportDiscus from inception to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise-related outcomes in healthy adults were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using RoB 2.0 were conducted independently. Pooled effects were synthesized using three-level random-effects models, and the certainty and robustness of the evidence were examined in additional analyses.
RESULTS: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 248 healthy adults were included in the systematic review, of which 19 studies involving 229 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In the primary models, serotonergic pharmacological manipulation was associated with small reductions in evoked motor response (Hedges’ g = -0.24, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.02), time-domain EMG (Hedges’ g = -0.18, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.02), heart rate (Hedges’ g = -0.17, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.01), and blood glucose (Hedges’ g = -0.50, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.11). Voluntary activation showed a borderline negative pooled estimate (Hedges’ g = -0.20, 95% CI -0.40 to 0), whereas ratings of perceived exertion showed a positive but statistically uncertain pooled estimate (Hedges’ g = 0.63, 95% CI -0.01 to 1.28). Resting twitch torque showed a small positive pooled effect (Hedges’ g = 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19), whereas superimposed twitch torque, maximal voluntary contraction, prolactin, lactic acid, and time to task failure did not show clear overall effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this meta-analysis indicates that serotonergic pharmacological manipulation has outcome-specific effects on exercise-related fatigue rather than a single uniform influence across domains. The most consistent primary-model signals were found for evoked motor response, time-domain EMG, heart rate, and blood glucose, whereas overt performance and perceptual outcomes remained more variable. By integrating evidence across different serotonergic interventions and exercise paradigms, these findings improve our understanding of how 5-HT-related mechanisms may contribute to central fatigue during exercise.
17. Osmotic dilators vs. Foley balloons: Bayesian secondary analyses of the DILAFOL trial.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Dilapan-S, a synthetic osmotic dilator used for pre-induction cervical ripening, has proven to be as effective as the Foley balloon in terms of vaginal versus cesarean delivery and has been associated with increased patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, its ability to lower cesarean rates and its cost-effectiveness remain poorly studied.
OBJECTIVE(S): To estimate the likelihood that synthetic osmotic dilators reduce cesarean deliveries and to evaluate their health system costs (2026 US$) and incremental cost-effectiveness compared to the Foley balloon during cervical ripening.
STUDY DESIGN: Secondary Bayesian analyses were conducted using data from the single-center DILAFOL randomized controlled trial, which enrolled 419 parturients at ≥37 weeks’ gestation with singleton pregnancies undergoing labor induction with an unfavorable cervix. Participants were randomized to receive synthetic osmotic dilators (n = 208) or a Foley balloon (n = 209) for cervical ripening. A Bayesian logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of a reduced cesarean delivery rate with synthetic osmotic dilators. Health system costs were evaluated using Bayesian generalized linear models. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was derived from these models using neutral priors, assuming no treatment effect.
RESULTS: In intent-to-treat analysis, synthetic osmotic dilators had an 89% probability of reducing cesarean delivery compared to the Foley balloon (mean absolute risk difference, -5.0% (95% credible interval [CrI], [-12.8 to 2.7). Mean total obstetric cost per patient was $10,198 for synthetic osmotic dilators and $10,176 for Foley (RR, 1.00; 95% CrI, 0.94 - 1.06). Although synthetic osmotic dilators cost $399 per patient, this was largely offset by an 85% probability of reduced hospital costs ($8,771 vs. $9,081; RR, 0.97; 95% CrI, 0.90-1.03) and 99% probability of reduced physician costs ($1,028 vs. $1,094; RR, 0.94; 95% CrI, 0.89-0.99). The ICER of synthetic osmotic dilators versus Foley was $439 per cesarean delivery prevented (95% CrI, -$51,813 to $57, 697]), with 42% of posterior draws falling in the dominant quadrant (cost-saving and more effective). The probability of cost-effectiveness rose from 47% at $0 willingness-to-pay threshold to 85% at $15,000 per cesarean delivery prevented. Subgroup analyses suggested that economic benefits were most favorable among patients aged <35 years and nulliparous parturients, in whom the posterior probability of dominance was 52% and 39%, respectively.
CONCLUSION(S): Despite its higher material cost, synthetic osmotic dilators likely reduced cesarean delivery rates with minimal impact on total health system costs and a favorable cost-effectiveness profile. These findings, which do not account for neonatal costs or future pregnancy outcomes, suggest that osmotic dilators represent good value in obstetric care, particularly among younger and nulliparous patients. Further validation across obstetric settings is warranted.
18. Rethinking the science-stream advantage in early nursing education. Academic background and psychosocial factors associated with bioscience achievement; a cross-sectional study.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：International journal of nursing studies advances
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
AIM: This study aimed to examine whether academic background and selected psychosocial learning factors were associated with academic achievement in a foundational bioscience course among first-semester nursing students, and to critically re-evaluate the commonly assumed advantage of science-stream education.
BACKGROUND: Bioscience subjects are essential yet challenging components of nursing education. Although students from science-stream backgrounds are often assumed to possess an academic advantage, emerging evidence suggests that learning outcomes may be influenced by more complex and context-dependent factors beyond prior academic preparation.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was employed.
METHODS: Data were collected from 108 first-semester nursing students enrolled in a Human Structure and Function course at a public nursing training institute in Malaysia. Academic achievement was measured using first-attempt institutional course scores obtained from official examination records. Psychosocial learning factors, including academic motivation, study habits, and perceived support systems, were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: No significant differences in academic achievement were observed between students from science-stream and non-science-stream backgrounds. Furthermore, academic motivation, study habits, and perceived support systems were not significantly associated with bioscience achievement. The regression model explained only a small proportion of variance in academic achievement (R² = .008), indicating limited explanatory power of the examined variables.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the assumption that prior academic background and commonly cited psychosocial factors are key determinants of bioscience achievement in early nursing education. The results suggest that academic achievement may be shaped by more complex and context-dependent factors, particularly those related to instructional design and learning environments. Greater emphasis on pedagogical strategies that promote active and meaningful learning may be required to enhance student outcomes. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence questioning the explanatory value of traditional academic and psychosocial indicators in nursing education.
SOCIAL MEDIA ABSTRACT: Science-stream background and psychosocial learning factors were not significantly associated with bioscience achievement among nursing students, highlighting the potential importance of instructional design and learning environments in shaping learning outcomes.
19. Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：HIV research & clinical practice
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception through April 2026. Primary outcomes were virological suppression (<50 copies/mL) and mean change in CD4+ T-cell count at week 48. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Islatravir dose was evaluated as a pre-specified moderator. Quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS: Seven RCTs (n = 3,600 participants) were included. At Week 48, DOR/ISL showed non-inferior suppression rates (RR 1.01 [95% CI 0.99-1.02]; p = 0.516; moderate-certainty evidence) and a statistically significant reduction in virological failure risk (RR 0.55 [0.33-0.92]; p = 0.022) compared to active control. Overall CD4+ gain was lower with DOR/ISL (MD -34.55 cells/μL; low-certainty evidence); however, a profound moderator effect of dose was observed (p < 0.0001). The 0.75 mg dose was associated with significant CD4+ and lymphocyte declines, whereas the approved 0.25 mg dose was immunologically neutral. DOR/ISL was weight-neutral compared to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (MD -0.25 kg [-0.66 to 0.16]; low-certainty evidence).
CONCLUSION: DOR/ISL 100/0.25 mg once daily achieved virological suppression comparable to standard-of-care ART regimens and was associated with lower rates of virological failure compared with active comparators. The immunological safety concerns observed in early trials were successfully resolved by dose optimization. These findings support the use of DOR/ISL (IDVYNSO) as a potential treatment option for both treatment-naïve and virologically suppressed adults while emphasizing long-term safety surveillance.
20. Professional identity formation among participants in a longitudinal pediatric program for final year medical students: a qualitative case study.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Medical education online
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: To explore aspects of professional identity formation in participants of a longitudinal pediatric program for final-year medical students in the US.
INTRODUCTION: Many institutions have specialty-specific courses focused on the transition to residency, typically at the end of medical school. This study examines professional identity formation among participants of a longitudinal fourth-year Pediatric Concentration.
METHODS: Authors used a case study design for this qualitative research study using semi-structured interview questions based on a conceptual model of professional identity formation. Authors used purposeful sampling to identify study participants who were randomly selected from former students who completed the program between 2019 and 2021. Three interviewers independently conducted interviews with individual program participants. Thematic analysis with coder reliability was utilized for data analysis; two investigators independently coded and performed inter-rater reliability (IRR) on three sets of questions from transcriptions. After ensuring acceptable IRR, investigators coded the remaining questions and subsequently identified themes and sub-themes.
FINDINGS: Eleven former students completed interviews. Following initial independent coding, IRR for three questions was 80%. After coding the 11 interviews, investigators determined that code saturation was achieved. They subsequently identified six main themes: career development, interpersonal connection, personal growth, positive role models, skill-building, and supportive learning environment. Two cross-cutting themes were recognized throughout the data: sense of belonging and gaining confidence toward starting residency.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants in a longitudinal specialty-specific program in the final year of medical school experienced professional identity formation through a supportive learning environment fostering connection and personal growth while building skills, surrounded by positive role models. This community of practice cultivated a sense of belonging and helped participants gain confidence toward their residency and career. This longitudinal, specialty-specific approach to the final year of medical school may enhance professional identity formation for students entering all specialties and could facilitate transition to internship.
21. Measuring neurodevelopment in iron-deficient children in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of evidence and gaps.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Global epidemiology
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Anemia and iron-deficiency anemia are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and linked to impaired brain and developmental outcomes. Progress in understanding these effects is constrained by inconsistent developmental measurement and minimal neuroimaging. This review evaluated how brain growth, cognition, and developmental status have been measured among children under five exposed to anemia, iron deficiency (ID), or iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in SSA, to assess the availability, reliability, and limitations of neurodevelopmental measurement approaches and implications for comparability and interpretation. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42024529208) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Six databases were searched for English-language studies published between Jan 1, 2013, and Apr 30, 2024, aligning with the WHO 2013-2025 global nutrition targets. Eligible studies included children aged 0-5 years in SSA exposed to anemia, ID, or IDA and reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Findings were synthesized narratively to characterize measurement heterogeneity, reliability reporting, and neuroimaging use. Evidence quality was appraised narratively based on study design and reporting completeness. Of 2254 records screened, 19 studies from nine countries met inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies assessed developmental status, 13 assessed cognition, and only three measured brain outcomes using MRI or near-infrared spectroscopy. Substantial heterogeneity in measurement constructs, assessment tools, cultural adaptations, scoring approaches, and timing of assessment precluded quantitative meta-analysis. Reliability reporting was limited, with psychometric indices reported in seven of 14 developmental studies and nine of 13 cognitive studies. Only three studies incorporated direct measures of brain structure or function, limiting opportunities to relate behavioral outcomes to brain development. Marked measurement heterogeneity, sparse reliability reporting, and the near-absence of neuroimaging constrain epidemiological inference, cross-study comparability, and mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with anemia and ID in SSA. Strengthening culturally grounded assessment frameworks and more equitable, accessible approaches to objective brain measurement are priorities for improving measurement precision and understanding iron-related developmental outcomes.
22. Effects of combined versus single supplementation of creatine and beta-alanine on aerobic and anerobic performance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Creatine (Cr) and β-alanine (BA) are among the most studied ergogenic supplements, acting on distinct physiological pathways-Cr facilitates phosphocreatine resynthesis and rapid ATP turnover, while BA elevates intramuscular carnosine to enhance acid-base buffering. Although both compounds improve high-intensity performance independently, the ergogenic potential of their combined use remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate and compare the isolated and combined effects of Cr and BA supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance indices using a network meta-analytic approach.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (to August 2025) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining Cr, BA, or Cr + BA supplementation (≥2 weeks) in healthy adult athletes. Fifty-two RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) met the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed within random effects models. Performance outcomes included sprint, jump, agility, upper- and lower-body muscular endurance (UME, LME), and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
RESULTS: Cr supplementation significantly improved sprint performance (SMD = -0.64; p = 0.04), jump performance (SMD = 0.33; p = 0.002), RSA (SMD = -0.78; p = 0.01), and UME (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.01) versus placebo, with P scores ≥ 0.90 across these domains. In contrast, BA supplementation produced non-significant or context-specific effects, and combined Cr + BA showed no synergistic benefits. Agility and LME outcomes remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Heterogeneity ranged from low to moderate (I2 = 0-73%), with no global inconsistency or substantive publication bias.
CONCLUSION: Evidence indicates Cr supplementation alone yields the most consistent improvements in high-intensity and anaerobic performance by enhancing phosphocreatine recovery and neuromuscular output. BA’s buffering advantage appears task-specific and insufficient to augment Cr’s ergogenic efficacy. Co-supplementation of Cr and BA offers no additional advantage beyond Cr monotherapy. Standardized, long-term, multi-arm RCTs are warranted to further clarify potential interactive mechanisms and sex or sport-specific responses.
23. Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) and postpartum maternal antibiotic usage are increasingly common and have been linked to altered growth and immune development in offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly those arising from indirect early-life exposure to antibiotics, remain poorly understood. Here, using a preclinical murine model, we examined the impact of in vivo antepartum and postpartum maternal ampicillin administration on the maternal fecal microbiome and metabolome. Ampicillin treatment resulted in a significant depletion of bacterial species belonging to the Muribaculaceae family, including Muribaculum intestinale and Duncaniella dubosii, accompanied by a cohort-dependent enrichment of Enterococcus and Prevotella species. These microbial shifts coincided with substantial and reproducible metabolic remodeling, including elevated fecal acylcarnitines and altered bile acid profiles. Notably, we identified two previously uncharacterized trihydroxylated bile acids conjugated to a hexose moiety, which we annotated as cholic acid-galactose and taurocholic acid-galactose and synthesized. These metabolites were consistently associated with antibiotic exposure across public metabolomics data repositories. Finally, alterations in the maternal fecal microbiome and metabolome were associated with increased weight gain in offspring, suggesting potential pathways by which maternal antibiotic exposure may influence early developmental outcomes. These findings highlight microbial and metabolic signatures linked to perinatal antibiotic use and underscore the need to balance infection control with long-term infant health considerations.
24. Effect of pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila MucT on insulin sensitivity, body composition, and GLP-1 production in subjects with metabolic syndrome: impact of low baseline gut Akkermansia levels.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila MucT was found to improve barrier function in preclinical models and a proof-of-concept study in obese and prediabetic adults. Here, we describe the results of a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter (Ireland and Germany) trial in 142 adults with metabolic syndrome, with or without prediabetes. The primary endpoint of whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) did not differ after 4-months of daily administration of capsules containing 30 billion cells of pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT compared to placebo in the intention-to-treat subjects. Subsequent exploratory analyses showed that 3-months intake of pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT already improved HOMA-based hepatic insulin sensitivity in prediabetic (12%; p = 0.05) and 63-y-or-older-age subgroups (p = 0.05) while increasing post-OGTT excursion of the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) over placebo (p < 0.01). Further analysis of the gut microbiota by deep metagenomic analysis showed minor effects of the intervention but revealed that the baseline microbial composition differed from that in matched healthy adults. We found that participants with low baseline Akkermansia gene counts experienced significant health improvements and GLP-1 excursion after 3-months of treatment with pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT over the placebo. These benefits included improved insulin sensitivity (as shown by Matsuda and HOMA-S indices) and GLP-1 excursion (post-OGTT) (p < 0.05), reductions in body weight (p = 0.06) and decreased trunk fat (p < 0.05). In conclusion, daily supplementation with pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT has the potential to improve health markers in overweight or obese normo- or dysglycemic adults with the most significant improvements in subjects with low baseline intestinal Akkermansia levels, who are apparently truly in need of this intervention. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT05114018 clinicaltrials.gov.
25. Caffeine makes a splash: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis exploring the effects of caffeine intake on swimming performance.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Evidence for acute caffeine supplementation in swimming remains inconsistent across reviews, likely due to between-study heterogeneity and methodological differences.
METHODS: Five databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled crossover trials exploring the effects of caffeine on swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Performance outcomes were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMD; Hedges’ g), with time outcomes sign-reversed so that positive values indicated improved performance. Dependence among multiple outcomes within studies was addressed using three-level random-effects models (REML). As a supplementary, interpretable metric, log ratios of means (lnRoM) were meta-analysed and expressed as percentage change. Post-exercise blood lactate (mmol/L) was pooled as mean differences (MD). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and certainty of evidence using GRADE. Prespecified exploratory moderator analyses examined potential effect modification (dose, timing, distance, administration form, stroke, gender, and athlete level).
RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included (144 men and 48 women), which contributed 28 performance effect sizes. Caffeine improved swimming performance (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.94; p = 0.005), corresponding to a +1.71% improvement in lnRoM (95% CI: +1.01% to +2.41%; p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was substantial (I²total = 64.7%) and primarily between studies. Eight studies contributed 24 blood lactate effect sizes. In the meta-analysis, caffeine increased post-test lactate (MD = 0.85 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.49; p = 0.016) with high heterogeneity (I²total = 76.5%). Exploratory moderator analyses suggested a possible dose-related pattern for swimming performance, with larger pooled effects at ≥6 mg/kg (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.38) than at <6 mg/kg (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.60; p difference = 0.017). Other performance moderators did not show clear between-subgroup differences. For lactate, exploratory subgroup analyses suggested larger increases in freestyle and short-distance events, although these patterns were more sensitive to modelling assumptions and should be interpreted cautiously.
CONCLUSION: Acute caffeine ingestion confers a moderate ergogenic benefit for swimming performance (SMD = 0.57, 1.7% improvement) and is associated with higher post-test blood lactate (MD = 0.85 mmol/L). Dose (≥6 mg/kg) may be associated with larger performance benefits, whereas lactate responses appear more pronounced in freestyle and shorter events. However, these subgroup findings are hypothesis-generating and require exploration.
26. Pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer MEDITREME and METIMMOX studies.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Oncoimmunology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer with microsatellite stable (MSS) status is intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. However, emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapies may overcome this resistance when combined with immunotherapy.
METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two phase II trials evaluating oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors as first-line treatment for MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. The MEDITREME trial is a single-arm study assessing durvalumab and tremelimumab with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, while the METIMMOX trial is a randomized study comparing standard oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy with an alternating regimen of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and nivolumab. We compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response rates between patients treated with chemotherapy alone versus chemoimmunotherapy, and evaluated the association between these outcomes and transcriptomic and immunoscore data.
RESULTS: A total of 130 patients were included: 38 who received chemotherapy alone and 92 chemoimmunotherapy. The median OS was significantly improved in the chemoimmunotherapy group compared with chemotherapy alone (not reached vs. 15.3 months; HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96; p = 0.03). The complete response rates were higher with chemoimmunotherapy (14% vs. 5%). No significant differences were observed in PFS. High baseline CD8+ T-cell infiltration was associated with improved outcomes in patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy but not in those treated with chemotherapy alone.
CONCLUSIONS: This pooled analysis provides compelling evidence supporting the clinical benefit of first-line chemoimmunotherapy in a subset of patients with MSS mCRC. Baseline CD8+ T-cell infiltration may serve as a predictive biomarker for identifying patients most likely to benefit from this treatment approach.
27. Gut microbial markers of immunotherapy response in melanoma: a cross-cohort analysis including the first Russian dataset.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a significant risk of mortality. In recent years, treatment strategies have undergone a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Despite notable clinical success, a substantial proportion of patients fail to respond or eventually develop resistance to ICIs. Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiota as a critical modulator of host immune responses and is one of the potential determinants of immunotherapy efficacy. We performed a cross-cohort analysis of gut microbiome profiles from melanoma patients treated with ICIs. The study integrated the first Russian cohort (62 patients) with six previously published international datasets, comprising a total of 490 patients across seven cohorts. In all cases, metagenomic sequencing was performed using various Illumina platforms, and raw sequencing data were processed using a unified bioinformatic pipeline. Analysis revealed 527 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) significantly associated with treatment outcome: 239 with response and 288 with non-response. Notably, the species Faecalibacterium sp900539945, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Faecalibacterium taiwanense, and Gemmiger qucibialis were consistently associated with response, while Enterobacter ludwigii was linked to non-response. Analysis of the Russian cohort revealed both conserved and population-specific microbial signatures, highlighting the coexistence of globally shared and region-dependent microbiome features. Our results also show that species-level annotations may obscure opposing response associations within the same taxa, highlighting the need for MAGs or strain profiling. Together, this study demonstrates that cross-cohort analysis enables the identification of robust and reproducible bacterial markers of immunotherapy response, providing a foundation for microbiome-based prediction and modulation strategies in melanoma.
28. Real-world pegcetacoplan treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients with an unsatisfactory response to prior therapies.
主题：卫生政策与真实世界证据
期刊：Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVES: Terminal complement inhibitors can control intravascular hemolysis in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients, although the hematological response achieved may not persist, and it may become unsatisfactory. The proximal (C3) complement inhibitor Pegcetacoplan (PEG) improves this situation in clinical trials, yet real-world data on its efficacy and safety are scarce.
METHODS: This non-interventional, retrospective, multicenter study presents clinical and hematological data from the first PNH patients in Spain treated with PEG (n = 32, median 13 months, range 4-61).
RESULTS: PEG rapidly increases the patient’s hemoglobin (median increase of 2.65 g/dL in 4 weeks, > 2 g/dL increase in 56.3% of patients), reaching > 8, 10 and 12 g/dL in 93.7%, 87.5% and 46.9% of patients, respectively. Packed red blood cell transfusion requirements dropped from 62.5% to 15.6% of patients treated with PEG, and there was a fall in breakthrough hemolysis from 34.4% to 9.4% after 6 months of treatment. No thrombosis and only mild adverse events (n = 11 patients) were described with PEG therapy. Finally, physicians perceived important enhancements in patients’ health-related quality of life.
DISCUSSION: This real-world clinical data confirms that PEG produces significant and rapid improvements in hemoglobin and hemolytic parameters, with a favorable safety profile. The data extends that of earlier clinical trials and small real-world studies by offering a longitudinal (as opposed to cross-sectional) assessment of the patient responses across a large number of centers, following a variety of clinical practices..
CONCLUSION: PEG treatment of patients with PNH produces significant and rapid improvements in hemoglobin and hemolytic parameters, with a favorable safety profile.
29. Multi-cohort transcriptomic analysis with machine learning identifies interferon-related candidate genes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Autoimmunity
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex molecular mechanisms. Although transcriptomic studies have revealed prominent interferon signatures in SLE, robust prioritization of candidate genes across independent cohorts remains challenging. In this study, we performed a multi-cohort transcriptomic analysis using publicly available GEO datasets. Differential expression analysis was conducted independently within each cohort to minimize cross-study confounding. Machine learning models, including LASSO, support vector machine, and random forest, were applied for feature prioritization in a designated training cohort, followed by independent validation in separate datasets. Model interpretability was assessed using SHAP analysis. Immune cell composition was estimated descriptively using CIBERSORT. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed as exploratory in silico analyses to evaluate potential protein-compound interactions. A set of consistently dysregulated genes across cohorts was identified, many of which are associated with interferon signaling. Among these, RSAD2 showed robust prioritization across multiple machine learning models. The predictive performance of the models was stable in independent validation datasets. SHAP analysis highlighted the contribution of interferon-stimulated genes to model predictions. Immune deconvolution suggested altered immune cell composition in SLE samples, consistent with previously reported immune activation patterns. Exploratory in silico analyses suggested a potential interaction between artemisinin and RSAD2. This study provides a robust, multi-cohort computational framework for prioritizing candidate genes associated with SLE. The findings highlight interferon-associated transcriptional features as reproducible molecular signatures of SLE and generate testable hypotheses for future experimental and clinical investigation.
30. Worst Histology-Based Risk Stratification for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With T1b Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Pathology-based Study.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：DEN open
发表日期：2027-Apr
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVES: Histological subtype is an important pathological factor in risk stratification for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC); however, conventional predominant-type assessment may miss minor poorly differentiated components in T1b CRC. We aimed to develop a T1b-specific risk stratification framework incorporating a reproducible worst histology (WH) approach.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 488 patients with pathologically confirmed pT1b CRC who underwent surgical resection with lymph node dissection. Histological evaluation was performed using three approaches: dominant histology (DH), WH, and WH focusing on poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (WH-por). For each approach, independent risk factors for LNM were identified. Patients without these factors were defined as the low-risk subgroup, and LNM rates were compared with the conventional Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) criteria.
RESULTS: In patients with T1b colon cancer, the WH-por approach demonstrated favorable performance for identifying LNM risk compared with the DH and WH approaches. In contrast, in rectal cancer, the WH approach performed better than the WH-por approach. In the colon cohort, the LNM rate in the low-risk subgroup was 1.7%, compared with 4.1% under the JSCCR criteria. In the rectal cohort, the corresponding rates were 8.0% and 8.6%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: A WH-based approach improves LNM risk stratification in T1b CRC and may help identify carefully selected patients at low risk of LNM, supporting more individualized clinical decision-making, including careful consideration of the necessity of additional surgical resection.Trial Registration: N/A.