公共卫生文献雷达（2026-07-24）
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1. Association between body roundness index and infertility in US women: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2020.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between body roundness index (BRI) and female infertility.
METHOD: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2020. BRI was calculated using standardized measurements of height and waist circumference. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the relationship between BRI and infertility, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses examined the stability of the relationship between BRI and infertility, and smooth-fitting curves were applied to explore the linear or non-linear relationship between them.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 483 (13.43%) women were diagnosed with infertility. BRI was positively related to infertility (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.13). When categorized into tertiles, women in the highest BRI tertile had a 78% higher risk of infertility (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.37, 2.32) compared with the lowest tertile. Subgroup analyses revealed potential interactions of age and pregnancy history regarding the association between BRI and infertility, showing an S-shaped relationship in women under 36 years and those without a pregnancy history.
CONCLUSION: BRI is positively correlated with infertility in United States women. This finding suggests that BRI could serve as a valuable predictor in female infertility assessment.
2. To adjust, reform, or transform? Criteria for distinguishing efforts to change knowledge practices in global health.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Over the last decade, there has been an increase in calls and efforts to change knowledge practices in global health, from within the field, in the fields that intersect with it, and from outside the field. While these calls and efforts are often aimed at rethinking or reimagining the field, they often fall short. Based on interviews with researchers who have participated in change efforts within and around global health, we developed criteria for distinguishing change efforts between first-order change, which seeks to adjust the current system for efficiency and effectiveness while keeping things the same; second-order change, which seeks to reform the current system to meet the needs of stakeholders; and third-order change, which seeks the total transformation of the system. In addition to the schema, our findings illustrate how the desired order of change is not simply a choice but rather dynamically determined in the interaction between change seekers and the institutions and systems they seek to change. This study offers a tool to clearly articulate the nature of a particular change effort, to distinguish and allow for comparison between change efforts, and to think through the kinds and extents of change required to achieve desired transformational change.
3. Maternal genital herpes infection during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery, an overlooked and understudied link between maternal infection and adverse fetal outcome.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: While reproductive tract infections have been associated with preterm delivery (PTD), the specific etiologically-relevant infections remain elusive. Genital herpes simplex virus (GHSV), after initial infection, remains in the body permanently and can cause viral shedding during pregnancy leading to placental inflammation which is one of the major pathogenetic pathways for PTD. However, the direct evidence linking between GHSV infection and PTD has not been well-investigated and reported.
METHODS: A large prospective cohort study with a two-stage study design was conducted among 84,935 pregnant women at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). Pregnant women with and without GHSV (exposure) were identified from the KPNC electronic health record (EHR). Gestational age at delivery was also captured for all deliveries EHRs to determine PTD (outcome).
RESULTS: Using Cox regression to control for confounders and account for varying gestational age at delivery, GHSV infection, if not treated during pregnancy, was associated with more than 80% increased risk of PTD compared to no GHSV infection: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.59-2.06). This association was much stronger for women with symptomatic, therefore active, GHSV infection during pregnancy with > 3.5 times higher risk of PTD than women without GHSV infection. In contrast, the association was weaker for women with asymptomatic, therefore inactive, GHSV infection during pregnancy (33% increased risk of PTD). This contrast between symptomatic and asymptomatic infection supports the argument that the association between GHSV infection and increased risk of PTD is likely due to underlying biologic pathogenesis, rather than confounding.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals an important, yet modifiable (treatable) infectious risk factor for PTD, and provides potentially actionable findings that could lead to proactive identification of pregnant women with GHSV infection through prenatal screening. The findings could stimulate research to examine the effective treatment of women with GHSV infection during pregnancy to reduce PTD.
4. Training of trainers on medical education reforms: a prospective multicenter French survey among intensivists.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Medical education online
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: The recent reform of the second cycle of medical education in France introduced competency-based medical education (CBME) with the incorporation of several pedagogical modalities into undergraduate training and assessment, including objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), simulation-based teaching (SBT), and clinical reasoning (CR) instruction throughout the academic year. While these tools are central to preparing competent practitioners, their effective implementation depends on adequately trained educators. We hypothesized that training would be insufficient, notably in the recently introduced pedagogical modalities.
METHODS: We conducted a national, cross-sectional survey (June-September 2023) to assess the level and adequacy of training of board-certified physicians practicing in critical care and involved in undergraduate teaching. An anonymous online questionnaire collected demographic data, teaching frequency, training characteristics, perceived adequacy and usefulness of training, preparedness, and barriers. The responses were analyzed descriptively and comparatively.
RESULTS: Among the 151 eligible respondents (72% male, median age 41 years, 70% working in teaching hospitals, and 44% holding an academic position), lectures remained the most common teaching modality despite CBME implementation. Only 60% of the respondents reported involvement in OSCEs. Teachers’ training rates across pedagogical modalities were low and heterogeneous: 32% for OSCEs, 30% for SBT, 29% for written assessment design, 24% for lectures, and 12% for CR. Training in the SBT was more often practical, longer in duration, and rated as more useful and adequate than training in other modalities. Overall, the respondents reported moderate preparedness and frequent teaching difficulties. Prior training was associated with higher perceived preparedness and fewer difficulties when teaching students. Lack of dedicated time was the most frequently reported barrier to training (69%).
CONCLUSION: This national survey revealed insufficient and heterogeneous training of intensivist educators in all pedagogical modalities of the undergraduate curriculum. Trainers report limited preparedness and frequent challenges. Standardized, accessible, and time-protected faculty development programs are urgently needed to support CBME education.
5. The global impact of female infertility: regional disparities and future projections from the GBD 2021 study.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: Female infertility is an escalating global health challenge. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of female infertility (1990-2021) and projected trends through 2050.
METHODS: We evaluated prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates across 204 countries, stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends were quantified using Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC), and future burdens were forecasted via Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort models.
RESULTS: Global female infertility cases surged by 84.4%, rising from 59.69 million in 1990 to 110.09 million in 2021, with the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) trending upward (EAPC=0.70). While High-middle and Middle SDI regions bore the largest absolute burden-driven by persistent infections and metabolic risks-High SDI regions exhibited the steepest increase (EAPC=1.43). This rapid rise in developed nations aligns with delayed childbearing, evidenced by a peak prevalence shift to the 40-44 age group, contrasting with the global peak at 35-39 years. Projections indicate a continued ascent in burden across all cohorts through 2050.
CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of female infertility is rising and spatially distinct. Transitioning economies face high baseline rates, yet developed nations show the fastest growth, demanding urgent action. Strategies must be tailored to regional drivers: prioritizing infection control and metabolic health in middle-income settings, and fertility support policies in high-income regions.
6. The role of traditional birth attendants and neonatal mortality during armed conflict: A repeated cross-sectional analysis from Northern Nigeria.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Armed conflict in Northern Nigeria has severely weakened health systems, reduced access to skilled birth attendants (SBAs) and increased reliance on traditional birth attendants (TBAs), especially in underserved communities. While TBAs fill critical service gap, concerns remain about their impact on neonatal outcomes. This study examines how conflict exposure influences the use of TBAs and assesses the relationship between TBA-assisted births and neonatal mortality in Northeast and Northwest Nigeria. We analyse data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (2008-2018) linked with conflict data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset. We use logistic regression models to assess how conflict exposure affects TBA utilisation and neonatal mortality while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Conflict exposure significantly increases the use of TBA in Northeast Nigeria, though this reliance has declined over time. No consistent association was found between TBA-assisted births and neonatal mortality, suggesting that broader systemic factors influence newborn outcomes. In conflict-affected regions, TBA is sometimes a necessity due to systemic gaps in care delivery. Integrating the TBA into formal health systems through training and referral mechanisms is critical for improving care and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 to reduce neonatal deaths.
7. Mental health first aid in the workplace: a reflexive thematic analysis of UK workers’ experiences.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is used in workplaces to improve mental health literacy, reduce stigma, and promote help-seeking. This paper explores how employees perceive and engage with MHFA in work settings.
METHODS: This qualitative study was embedded within the EMPOWER cluster randomised controlled trial (Atanda et al., 2020). Twenty-four participants, including Mental Health First Aiders, recipients of MHFA support, employees, and senior managers, took part in semi-structured interviews. Guided by a relativist epistemological position, data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.(Atanda et al., 2020).
FINDINGS: Three themes were identified: (1) ambiguity surrounding the purpose of MHFA; (2) uncertainty and scepticism regarding the role and effectiveness of MHFA (subthemes: Anticipated Stigma, MHFA not addressing core concerns affecting staff well-being); and (3) risks to personal relationships following disclosure. Participants questioned the purpose, boundaries, and organisational value of MHFA, contributing to reluctance to engage. Disclosure decisions were shaped by concerns about stigma, confidentiality, and potential impacts on workplace relationships and career progression.
DISCUSSION: The findings suggest MHFA is most effective when part of a broader organisational commitment to employee wellbeing. Clarifying MHFA’s purpose, addressing workplace stigma, and tackling organisational sources of distress may improve engagement and strengthen mental health initiatives.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04311203. Registered on 17 March 2020, protocol published in 2020.
8. Challenges to Achieving Universal Health Coverage Through Public Financial Management Reforms: Insights from the Implementation of Single Nodal Agency Reform in India.
主题：卫生政策与真实世界证据
期刊：Health systems and reform
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms are being increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance health financing systems and advance progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Although theoretical frameworks have outlined the pathways through which PFM reforms operate, empirical evidence on their effectiveness in specific low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts remains limited. This paper examines the reform of the Single Nodal Agency (SNA) system in India, aimed at improving budget execution in centrally funded schemes, including the flagship health sector scheme, the National Health Mission (NHM). The study analyzes the gains and challenges associated with the reform and highlights the institutional features that are critical to its effectiveness. The study draws on an assessment of SNA implementation in two Indian states, Bihar and Odisha, using qualitative evidence from key informant interviews conducted across multiple administrative levels between February 2023 and February 2024. This was supplemented with data provided by state finance departments and NHM implementing agencies. Results indicate that the reform has achieved its intended gains in cash management, expenditure transparency, and improved alignment of central fund releases with scheme expenditures at the sub-national level. However, weak budget credibility, coupled with constraints in digital connectivity and limited personnel capacity to manage financial transactions, is likely to exacerbate inequities in access to scheme funds. The increased emphasis on spending has heightened compliance pressures on fund utilization, while attention to actual health system outcomes remains limited. In sum, a conducive institutional environment is essential for reaping benefits through PFM reforms in LMICs.
9. Importance of antibody validation in detecting cell cycle regulatory protein p16 INK4A by immunohistochemistry on pancreas tissue.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Islets
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
AIMS/OBJECTIVE: p16INK4A is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays important roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell maturation, function, and senescence. As staining pattern consistency and reproducibility have been challenging in the field, our objective was to validate a monoclonal antibody for the detection of p16INK4A in mouse and human fixed pancreas sections.
METHODS: Four commercial monoclonal antibodies reported to react against mouse p16INK4A were tested by fluorescent immunohistochemistry on positive and negative control formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pancreas sections from two different mouse strains. Lot-to-lot consistency was also evaluated. Fixed human donor pancreas sections were evaluated for reactivity with the monoclonal p16INK4A antibody that performed best on mouse tissues.
RESULTS: One commercial monoclonal antibody robustly detected a nuclear antigen in both mouse and human pancreas sections, consistent with the previously reported p16INK4A staining pattern, and its role as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in beta cells. This antibody also showed lot-to-lot consistency in staining pattern.
CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the importance of antibody validation for p16INK4A detection in mouse and human pancreas sections and suggest caution in using untested commercially available antibodies to this protein for immunohistochemistry of the pancreas.
10. Efficacy differences of biologic agents targeting different pathways in obese patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：The Journal of dermatological treatment
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of obesity on biologic efficacy in psoriasis across different drug classes.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2026. Studies reporting obesity‑stratified outcomes of biologics for psoriasis were included. Primary outcome was PASI90 (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index); secondary outcomes were PASI75 and PASI100. Random‑effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs). Subgroup analyses and meta‑regression explored heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Twelve studies (4200 patients) were included. Obese patients had lower PASI90 response (RR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-0.76; I2 = 72%), but publication bias was present (Egger p < 0.001); after trim‑and‑fill correction, RR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.58-1.08). This finding should therefore be interpreted with caution. Significant negative effects were seen for interleukin (IL)‑17 inhibitors (RR = 0.57) and IL‑12/23 inhibitors (RR = 0.43) in subgroup analyses, but not for tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α) or IL‑23 inhibitors, although the small number of studies for some classes limits the robustness of these estimates. PASI75 (RR = 0.52) and PASI100 (RR = 0.42) were also lower in obese patients. Biologic class, study design, region, mean body mass index (BMI), and obesity proportion were major sources of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS: Obesity may be associated with reduced response to biologics in psoriasis, although the PASI90 result was affected by publication bias and became non‑significant after correction. The impact appeared to differ by class, with significant effects for IL‑17 and IL‑12/23 inhibitors in subgroup analyses, but these findings require confirmation in larger studies. Weight status should be considered as one of multiple factors when selecting biologics, but current evidence does not support treatment selection based solely on obesity.
11. Analysis of influencing factors for social avoidance and distress among infertile patients based on LASSO and XGBoost algorithms.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: Infertility negatively impacts mental health and quality of life, with social avoidance and distress (SAD) being a key but underrecognized issue. This study aims to analyze SAD risk factors in infertility patients.
METHODS: A retrospective study of 205 infertility patients (October 2022-July 2025) was divided into SAD (n = 93) and non-SAD (n = 112) groups. LASSO regression and XGBoost identified key variables, followed by logistic regression and ROC analysis.
RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in age, education, residence, income, infertility stigma scale (ISS), self-esteem scale (SES), cognitive dismantling scale (CD-RISC) and social relationship quality scale (SRQS) scores. Five common factors (age, ISS, SES, CD-RISC, SRQS) were identified. Logistic regression showed age (OR = 1.333) and ISS (OR = 1.101) as risk factors, while SES (OR = 0.726), CD-RISC (OR = 0.876) and SRQS (OR = 0.863) were protective (P < 0.05). AUC values ranged 0.694-0.723, showing only modest discriminative ability.
CONCLUSION: SAD in infertility patients is independently associated with age, ISS, SES, CD-RISC and SRQS scores, each with moderate predictive value. These findings support the application of the above indicators for early identification and risk assessment of SAD among infertile populations.
12. Real-world creatine supplementation: a large-scale cross-sectional study of use, knowledge, and experiences.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Creatine is among the most extensively studied dietary supplements in sports nutrition, yet real-world supplementation patterns, knowledge, and outcomes remain poorly characterized. Prior survey research has focused on competitive athletes and younger male samples, even as the evidence base has expanded to support applications in healthy aging, cognition, and female physiology. Whether use patterns, perceived benefits, and adverse effects among the broader and more diverse population now using creatine align with trial evidence, and whether they differ by gender identity and age, has not been systematically assessed.
METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to approximately 110,000 users of a supplement tracking application (SuppCo, Inc.) with recorded creatine use, yielding 2,178 analyzable responses from individuals reporting current or past-12-month creatine use (1,077 women and 1,101 men; median age, 55 years). The survey assessed supplementation patterns, goals, creatine knowledge (six-item battery scored via generalized partial credit item response theory [IRT] modeling), side effects, satisfaction, and information needs. Multivariable analyses included logistic regression for perceived benefit, modified Poisson regression for side-effect prevalence, and OLS regression for satisfaction, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. As an exploratory analysis, a mixed graphical model (MGM) characterized conditional associations across measurement domains, and IRT discrimination parameters were combined with network centrality to identify candidate keystone misconceptions.
RESULTS: Despite 98% intending to continue supplementation and mean satisfaction of 7.8/10, only 55% perceived benefit. Cognitive performance was the most commonly endorsed goal (67.8%) yet showed the largest within-person unmet-expectation rate (64.4% of cognitive-goal endorsers did not perceive a matched cognitive benefit; McNemar p < .001). Women reported higher self-reported side-effect prevalence (PR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.15-1.91) and lower odds of perceived benefit (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.55-0.80) than men, with a flatter dose-benefit slope (women × dose OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.80). Knowledge of creatine, scored via IRT theta from a five-item battery, was the most consistent positive correlate across all primary outcomes: perceived benefit, satisfaction, the positive experience composite, and above-common dosing. An exploratory IRT-by-network analysis identified kidney damage as the candidate keystone misconception, with the highest IRT discrimination and above-median cross-domain centrality; the network also identified long-term safety beliefs as conditionally associated with intent to continue, consistent with the hypothesis that safety beliefs track behavioral persistence.
CONCLUSIONS: In this middle-aged, gender-balanced community sample of creatine users, behavioral loyalty was high yet substantial knowledge gaps, unmet benefit expectations, and self-reported side-effect burdens disproportionately affected women and older adults, who together comprise an increasingly important share of contemporary creatine users. Knowledge appeared as the most consistent positive correlate of supplementation experience, suggesting education may be a tractable lever for improving real-world outcomes; misconceptions about kidney safety and long-term tolerability may warrant particular attention as educational targets. The cognitive expectation gap may reflect a dose-translation issue rather than absence of efficacy. These findings generate hypotheses for prospective evaluation of education, gender-tailored dosing guidance, and expectation-setting interventions in real-world creatine users.
13. From giant components to communities: community-level insights for prioritizing interventions within large clusters of HIV-1 transmission networks.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Infectious Disease Modelling
发表日期：2027-Mar
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Large clusters in HIV-1 molecular networks contain a substantial proportion of people living with HIV and dominate local epidemics; however, their large size and complex structure pose a challenge for effective public health interventions. We developed an analytical framework to partition the large cluster into small groups for precise intervention. In the HIV-1 CRF07_BC molecular transmission network in Guangzhou, China (2008-2020), a giant component (681 members) was partitioned into 34 communities with dense internal and sparse external links. All 378 inter-community links involved high-centrality members from Community 1 (P < 0.001) and phylogenetic analysis identified Community 1 as the most likely ancestral source of the giant component (marginal probability = 0.989). Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) revealed significant homophily effect among members with specific characteristics in the giant component and its large communities, highlighting potential outbreaks within specific subgroups. Partitioning giant components into communities may be a promising approach to help develop community-level interventions and could improve the effectiveness of interventions targeted at large clusters.
14. Prevalence of primary Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Europe over the past four decades.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Antibiotic resistance is a major determinant of the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and geographical distribution of primary antibiotic resistance in patients infected with H. pylori across Europe over the last four decades.
METHODS: Bibliographical searches were conducted from 1990 to 2024 in the PubMed database with no language restrictions. Selected studies evaluated the primary resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin in adults. Data were grouped by country and time intervals (1990-1999, 2000-2009, 2010-2019, 2020-2024) to identify potential trends. High resistance thresholds were defined as ≥15% for clarithromycin and levofloxacin, and ≥30% for metronidazole.
RESULTS: A total of 216 studies were included: 188 with information on clarithromycin resistant strains (86,917 patients), 138 on metronidazole (83,995 patients), and 77 on levofloxacin (40,619 patients). The overall prevalence of primary resistance to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole was 16% (95% confidence interval, 7-24%), 18% (10-21%), and 33% (29-36%), respectively. Primary resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin increased steadily across all periods, reaching 24% and 21%, respectively, in the most recent period. Primary resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and rifampicin remained low, at 2.3%, 1%, and 4%, respectively. Overall, Southern European countries had higher resistance rates than Northern European countries.
CONCLUSIONS: In Europe, the prevalence of primary H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin has increased over time and is high in recent years. Variability exists between countries, with Southern European regions showing higher rates.
15. Accuracy and safety of C-TST for tuberculosis infection: A clinical trial in Brazil.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Pulmonology
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) diagnosis in BCG-vaccinated, high-burden settings remains challenging.
RESEARCH QUESTION: We aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and safety of the C-tuberculin skin test (C-TST), compared with PPD RT-23, for tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated adults.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Randomised, double-blind clinical trial in Brazil. Adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and asymptomatic controls without known TB exposure or prior TB/TPT underwent C-TST, PPD RT-23, and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus). Skin tests were read by two strategies: (a) induration only or (b) induration or erythema, at a ≥5-mm cut-off. Sensitivity was assessed in PTB; specificity for C-TST and PPD RT-23 was estimated against QFT-Plus. Adverse events were monitored.
RESULTS: Among 446 participants (141 PTB; 305 controls), at the 5-mm cut-off, C-TST showed lower sensitivity but higher specificity than PPD RT-23. With strategy (a) and (b), C-TST sensitivity was 0.67 and 0.68, specificity was 0.92 and 0.9, compared to 0.74 sensitivity and 0.78 specificity for PPD RT-23. Adverse events were more frequent in PTB: 12.1% (C-TST) and 6.4% (PPD RT-23); none were serious.
CONCLUSION: In BCG‑vaccinated adults, C-TST showed a trade-off of higher specificity and lower sensitivity than PPD RT-23 at the 5-mm cut-off; and a favourable safety profile. Adding erythema to readings did not improve accuracy, suggesting that C-TST may be a useful alternative for programmatic TBI screening in high-burden settings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registry number RBR-7tn2ysw (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/ registered on 25 January 2021).
16. Local governance and health equity: Practical reflections from Chinese crisis governance.
主题：卫生政策与真实世界证据
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
This study examines mass testing in three Chinese cities since 2020 as a ‘stress test’ for local governance. It analyses the governance performance of Shenzhen, Nanjing and Wuxi in terms of efficiency, equity and community resilience. Using Melbourne’s pandemic lockdown as a reference case, it discusses the underlying mechanisms linking different governance approaches to health equity outcomes. The study adopts a nested governance framework to examine how governance capacities and policy logics operate across different local contexts. The results indicate that Chinese cities can efficiently complete mass testing within a few days, but face pressures related to health equity and community resilience. Melbourne’s lockdown governance emphasised participation and institutional transparency, but advanced policies at a relatively slower pace. This study recommends building a dynamic governance mechanism that better balances efficiency and equity.
17. Rotation-traction manipulation versus cervical traction for axial neck pain caused by cervical degenerative disc disease: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
主题：流行病学
期刊：The Libyan journal of medicine
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Axial neck pain is a common manifestation of cervical degenerative disc disease (CDD). Rotation-traction manipulation (RTM) is widely used in China, but its comparative effectiveness and safety versus cervical traction remain uncertain.
METHODS: In this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, 154 adults with CDD-related axial neck pain were randomized 1:1 to receive RTM (7 sessions over 2 weeks) or cervical traction (daily for 2 weeks). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, during treatment, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS); secondary outcomes were neck tenderness score (NTS) and cervical range of motion (ROM). Intention-to-treat analyses with multiple imputation were performed.
RESULTS: All 154 randomized participants were included in the analyses, and 151 completed follow-up. Both groups showed significant improvement over time in VAS and ROM (both P < 0.001). Confirmatory mixed-effects analyses did not demonstrate significant between-group differences in VAS or ROM after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Exploratory analyses suggested that RTM provided faster improvement during the treatment phase and a small cumulative advantage in pain reduction, whereas cumulative ROM improvement did not differ significantly between groups. RTM was also associated with a faster reduction in neck tenderness severity. Adverse events were mild and infrequent, and no treatment-related radiographic deterioration was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Both RTM and cervical traction were associated with clinical improvement in patients with CDD-related axial neck pain. Confirmatory analyses did not demonstrate robust superiority of RTM for pain or cervical ROM, whereas exploratory analyses suggested faster early improvement and a small cumulative pain benefit with RTM. NTS findings should be interpreted cautiously because the tenderness score has not been formally validated. No serious adverse events were observed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400082667. Registered retrospectively on 4 April 2024.
18. Benralizumab effectiveness in a real-world Portuguese severe eosinophilic asthma population: BETREAT study.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Pulmonology
发表日期：2026-Dec
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) is often inadequately controlled. The BETREAT study evaluated the real-world effectiveness of benralizumab, an anti-IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody, in Portugal, focusing on treatment persistence, asthma control, exacerbation rates, and quality of life (QoL).
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational study including SEA adults who received benralizumab between July 2019 and October 2020 across 16 sites in Portugal. Data from electronic medical records were analysed over 24 months, with evaluations at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment initiation. Key outcomes included exacerbation rates, oral corticosteroid use, asthma and lung function, and QoL.
RESULTS: Of the 74 patients (mean ± SD age 56 ± 11 years and 73.0% female), 66.2% were biologic-naïve. After initiating benralizumab, median eosinophil counts decreased to 0 cells/µL after 3 months. Exacerbation rates decreased from a mean annual rate of 3.12 at baseline to 0.48 by 24 months. Patient-reported asthma control and QoL improved, with ACT and CARAT scores reaching well-controlled levels in most patients by 24 months. Notably, 20.0% of patients achieved clinical remission by the end of the study.
CONCLUSIONS: Benralizumab significantly improved SEA outcomes and contributed to clinical remission over a 24-month period, demonstrating potential for long-term disease control and QoL improvement.
19. Brain iron deposition mediates cognitive impairment in COPD: A possible imaging marker linking systemic inflammation to neurodegeneration.
主题：流行病学
期刊：Pulmonology
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a relatively prevalent comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet its neuropathological mechanism remains poorly understood.
METHODS: We enrolled 48 stable COPD patients, categorized into cognitively normal (CogN, n = 22) and impaired (Cog, n = 26) groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, along with 34 matched healthy controls. All participants underwent 3T MRI with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to quantify regional brain iron content. Group comparisons of whole-brain and region-of-interest susceptibility were performed. Mediation analysis was then used to test whether specific brain iron deposition mediates the relationship of both COPD status and peripheral inflammatory markers with cognitive performance.
RESULTS: Cog patients showed increased total iron in the right cerebellum crus I, while CogN patients exhibited higher paramagnetic susceptibility (χpara) in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), right precentral gyrus, and right brainstem. χpara in the left OFC and right brainstem were positively correlated with total MoCA, abstraction, and orientation scores. Mediation analysis demonstrated that χpara of the left OFC mediated the effects of both COPD status and systemic neutrophil counts on impaired abstraction. Additionally, right brainstem χpara mediated the relationship between COPD and deficits in orientation.
CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients with cognitive impairment exhibited distinct patterns of brain iron deposition. Importantly, deposition in several key regions served as a potential mediator, linking both COPD and systemic inflammation to specific cognitive deficits. These preliminary findings suggest a possible association between brain iron accumulation and cognitive impairment in COPD, offering candidate neuroimaging markers for early identification. .
20. Ecological restructuring of the nonbacterial fecal microbiome in obesity across human cohorts.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder increasingly linked to alterations in the gut microbiome. While most research has focused on bacterial communities, the contribution of nonbacterial components including viruses, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we performed a multicohort analysis to investigate the role of the nonbacterial gut microbiome in obesity across three independent human cohorts. Using compositional analyses adjusted for key covariates and network based approaches, we identified consistent multikingdom alterations associated with obesity. Individuals without obesity showed a reproducible enrichment of methanogenic archaea, particularly Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanobrevibacter millerae, whereas individuals with obesity were characterized by increased abundance of bacteriophages from the class Caudoviricetes. In an elderly cohort, eukaryotic taxa such as Blastocystis spp. were additionally associated with the without obesity group. These patterns were largely consistent across cohorts and robust to sex stratification. Beyond taxonomic differences, ecological network analyses revealed substantial reorganization of microbial interactions in obesity. The identity and composition of hub taxa differed significantly between obesity and without obesity networks across all cohorts, indicating a shift in the taxa occupying central ecological roles. Notably, these differences were observed even when similar microbial kingdoms were represented, underscoring the importance of species-level resolution. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that obesity is associated with coordinated compositional and ecological alterations across the nonbacterial gut microbiome. This multikingdom perspective expands current understanding of microbiome dysbiosis in metabolic disease and highlights the archaeome and virome as potential contributors to host metabolic health.
21. Longitudinal modelling of microbiome subcommunities reveals parity-dependent dynamics during pregnancy and postpartum.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of maternal adaptations to pregnancy due to high pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) is associated with worsened health outcomes for mothers and children. The role of the gut microbiome in these adaptations remains unclear.
METHODS: Stool samples were collected from pregnant participants (n = 52) enrolled in the Be Healthy in Pregnancy study (NCT01689961) during first, second, and third trimesters, and 6-months postpartum, along with samples from their infants at 6 months of age. Following 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we implemented time-aligned LDA (TALDA) using a time-weighted sampling strategy with exponentially decaying weights to construct time-proximal cohorts, applied LDA to each cohort independently, and aligned resulting topics using the alto R package. Infant samples were analyzed using standard LDA.
RESULTS: Seven distinct subcommunities were identified, one of which represented perineal contamination and was excluded from further analysis. Remaining subcommunities had distinct taxonomic definitions which remained stable throughout pregnancy (mean cross-cohort stability 0.899) while subcommunity proportions within individuals varied. Multiparous individuals showed greater shifts in subcommunity proportions during early pregnancy, while primiparous individuals displayed progressively increasing shifts with the largest changes during the transition from pregnancy to postpartum. High pBMI was associated with reduced microbiome remodelling, particularly among multiparous individuals. In exploratory analyses, maternal SCFA-producing subcommunity abundance at late pregnancy was positively associated with infant Bifidobacterium-dominated subcommunity proportions at 6 months, while pBMI > 25 was independently associated with lower infant Bifidobacterium.
CONCLUSION: TALDA effectively distinguished between stable subcommunity definitions and dynamic subcommunity proportions, revealing that the microbiome maintains functional organization while subcommunity proportional contributions shift over the course of pregnancy and postpartum. These maternal dynamics may have intergenerational consequences through their influence on infant gut colonization. This work demonstrates that maternal factors modify microbiome trajectories and supports the existence of an ecological memory of pregnancy history within the maternal gut microbiome.
22. Towards standardized gut microbiota diagnostics: normobiosis beyond geographical borders.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Defining clinically meaningful reference states of the human gut microbiota remains a major barrier to the clinical translation of microbiome testing, largely due to variability across populations. We aimed at evaluating whether dysbiosis can be identified in a standardized, geography-independent manner, using a composite, system-level microbiome diagnostic framework. We performed a retrospective observational analysis of 831 adult stool samples collected from healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or other chronic inflammatory conditions across seven countries. In addition, U.S. National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) human fecal reference materials were analyzed. Dysbiosis was assessed using a fixed microbial marker panel and composite distance metrics anchored to a clinically validated healthy Scandinavian reference population, using GA-map® Dysbiosis Test as an exemplar of this diagnostic framework. The diagnostic framework reproducibly identified normobiosis and dysbiosis across geographically distinct populations (USA, Canada, Germany, Italy, and the UK). Severe dysbiosis was detected with high specificity (93.6%) and positive predictive value (90.2%), independent of subjects’ country of origin. Healthy individuals showed highly comparable dysbiosis index distributions across regions. These findings demonstrate that clinically useful dysbiosis diagnostics do not require geographically tailored reference populations and support the feasibility of standardized, geography-independent microbiome diagnostics for clinical application.
23. Rethinking vaccine mandates through the lens of penalties and incentives: A 7S framework approach.
主题：卫生政策与真实世界证据
期刊：Global public health
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Conceptually, current definitions of vaccine mandates involve two key elements: the requirement to be vaccinated and sanctions for non-compliance. However, during COVID-19, governments frequently introduced vaccine mandates in contexts where people were already denied access to work, travel, and social activities due to lockdowns and restrictions. This important context disrupts the standard operation of vaccine mandates. Accordingly, this paper explores COVID-19 vaccine mandates in New South Wales (Australia), France, Israel, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, where mandates primarily served as incentives to restore basic rights to travel, work, and access public spaces, that were restricted during the pandemic. Through document analysis and key informant interviews, the paper examines how governments employed this “removal and restoration” model and explores how mandate policy instruments create incentive structures. In discussing the implications of mandates in relation to lockdowns and restrictions, and the perception of mandates as “coercive offers”, the paper proposes a revised conception and a 7S vaccine mandate framework by adding synergy and sustainment to the existing 5S model. It concludes by outlining the significance of this revised conception and framework for vaccine mandate policy research, design, and communication.
24. Effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise performance and central fatigue: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced fatigue is a complex, non-pathological state that acutely limits physical performance, and the serotonergic (5-HT) system has been proposed as an important modulator of its central components. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise-related outcomes.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and SportDiscus from inception to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of serotonergic pharmacological manipulation on exercise-related outcomes in healthy adults were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using RoB 2.0 were conducted independently. Pooled effects were synthesized using three-level random-effects models, and the certainty and robustness of the evidence were examined in additional analyses.
RESULTS: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 248 healthy adults were included in the systematic review, of which 19 studies involving 229 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In the primary models, serotonergic pharmacological manipulation was associated with small reductions in evoked motor response (Hedges’ g = -0.24, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.02), time-domain EMG (Hedges’ g = -0.18, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.02), heart rate (Hedges’ g = -0.17, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.01), and blood glucose (Hedges’ g = -0.50, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.11). Voluntary activation showed a borderline negative pooled estimate (Hedges’ g = -0.20, 95% CI -0.40 to 0), whereas ratings of perceived exertion showed a positive but statistically uncertain pooled estimate (Hedges’ g = 0.63, 95% CI -0.01 to 1.28). Resting twitch torque showed a small positive pooled effect (Hedges’ g = 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19), whereas superimposed twitch torque, maximal voluntary contraction, prolactin, lactic acid, and time to task failure did not show clear overall effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this meta-analysis indicates that serotonergic pharmacological manipulation has outcome-specific effects on exercise-related fatigue rather than a single uniform influence across domains. The most consistent primary-model signals were found for evoked motor response, time-domain EMG, heart rate, and blood glucose, whereas overt performance and perceptual outcomes remained more variable. By integrating evidence across different serotonergic interventions and exercise paradigms, these findings improve our understanding of how 5-HT-related mechanisms may contribute to central fatigue during exercise.
25. Efficacy and safety of doravirine/islatravir for HIV-1: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：HIV research & clinical practice
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: The combination of doravirine and islatravir (DOR/ISL) is a novel two-drug regimen for HIV-1. Early development faced challenges due to dose-dependent immunological signals. We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DOR/ISL across all treatment-experience categories, specifically evaluating the impact of islatravir dosage (0.25 mg vs 0.75 mg) on clinical and immunological outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception through April 2026. Primary outcomes were virological suppression (<50 copies/mL) and mean change in CD4+ T-cell count at week 48. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Islatravir dose was evaluated as a pre-specified moderator. Quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS: Seven RCTs (n = 3,600 participants) were included. At Week 48, DOR/ISL showed non-inferior suppression rates (RR 1.01 [95% CI 0.99-1.02]; p = 0.516; moderate-certainty evidence) and a statistically significant reduction in virological failure risk (RR 0.55 [0.33-0.92]; p = 0.022) compared to active control. Overall CD4+ gain was lower with DOR/ISL (MD -34.55 cells/μL; low-certainty evidence); however, a profound moderator effect of dose was observed (p < 0.0001). The 0.75 mg dose was associated with significant CD4+ and lymphocyte declines, whereas the approved 0.25 mg dose was immunologically neutral. DOR/ISL was weight-neutral compared to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (MD -0.25 kg [-0.66 to 0.16]; low-certainty evidence).
CONCLUSION: DOR/ISL 100/0.25 mg once daily achieved virological suppression comparable to standard-of-care ART regimens and was associated with lower rates of virological failure compared with active comparators. The immunological safety concerns observed in early trials were successfully resolved by dose optimization. These findings support the use of DOR/ISL (IDVYNSO) as a potential treatment option for both treatment-naïve and virologically suppressed adults while emphasizing long-term safety surveillance.
26. Professional identity formation among participants in a longitudinal pediatric program for final year medical students: a qualitative case study.
主题：生物统计与研究设计
期刊：Medical education online
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
OBJECTIVE: To explore aspects of professional identity formation in participants of a longitudinal pediatric program for final-year medical students in the US.
INTRODUCTION: Many institutions have specialty-specific courses focused on the transition to residency, typically at the end of medical school. This study examines professional identity formation among participants of a longitudinal fourth-year Pediatric Concentration.
METHODS: Authors used a case study design for this qualitative research study using semi-structured interview questions based on a conceptual model of professional identity formation. Authors used purposeful sampling to identify study participants who were randomly selected from former students who completed the program between 2019 and 2021. Three interviewers independently conducted interviews with individual program participants. Thematic analysis with coder reliability was utilized for data analysis; two investigators independently coded and performed inter-rater reliability (IRR) on three sets of questions from transcriptions. After ensuring acceptable IRR, investigators coded the remaining questions and subsequently identified themes and sub-themes.
FINDINGS: Eleven former students completed interviews. Following initial independent coding, IRR for three questions was 80%. After coding the 11 interviews, investigators determined that code saturation was achieved. They subsequently identified six main themes: career development, interpersonal connection, personal growth, positive role models, skill-building, and supportive learning environment. Two cross-cutting themes were recognized throughout the data: sense of belonging and gaining confidence toward starting residency.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants in a longitudinal specialty-specific program in the final year of medical school experienced professional identity formation through a supportive learning environment fostering connection and personal growth while building skills, surrounded by positive role models. This community of practice cultivated a sense of belonging and helped participants gain confidence toward their residency and career. This longitudinal, specialty-specific approach to the final year of medical school may enhance professional identity formation for students entering all specialties and could facilitate transition to internship.
27. Effects of combined versus single supplementation of creatine and beta-alanine on aerobic and anerobic performance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Creatine (Cr) and β-alanine (BA) are among the most studied ergogenic supplements, acting on distinct physiological pathways-Cr facilitates phosphocreatine resynthesis and rapid ATP turnover, while BA elevates intramuscular carnosine to enhance acid-base buffering. Although both compounds improve high-intensity performance independently, the ergogenic potential of their combined use remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate and compare the isolated and combined effects of Cr and BA supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance indices using a network meta-analytic approach.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (to August 2025) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining Cr, BA, or Cr + BA supplementation (≥2 weeks) in healthy adult athletes. Fifty-two RCTs (PEDro ≥ 6) met the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed within random effects models. Performance outcomes included sprint, jump, agility, upper- and lower-body muscular endurance (UME, LME), and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
RESULTS: Cr supplementation significantly improved sprint performance (SMD = -0.64; p = 0.04), jump performance (SMD = 0.33; p = 0.002), RSA (SMD = -0.78; p = 0.01), and UME (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.01) versus placebo, with P scores ≥ 0.90 across these domains. In contrast, BA supplementation produced non-significant or context-specific effects, and combined Cr + BA showed no synergistic benefits. Agility and LME outcomes remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Heterogeneity ranged from low to moderate (I2 = 0-73%), with no global inconsistency or substantive publication bias.
CONCLUSION: Evidence indicates Cr supplementation alone yields the most consistent improvements in high-intensity and anaerobic performance by enhancing phosphocreatine recovery and neuromuscular output. BA’s buffering advantage appears task-specific and insufficient to augment Cr’s ergogenic efficacy. Co-supplementation of Cr and BA offers no additional advantage beyond Cr monotherapy. Standardized, long-term, multi-arm RCTs are warranted to further clarify potential interactive mechanisms and sex or sport-specific responses.
28. Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.
主题：可复现研究与开放科学
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) and postpartum maternal antibiotic usage are increasingly common and have been linked to altered growth and immune development in offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly those arising from indirect early-life exposure to antibiotics, remain poorly understood. Here, using a preclinical murine model, we examined the impact of in vivo antepartum and postpartum maternal ampicillin administration on the maternal fecal microbiome and metabolome. Ampicillin treatment resulted in a significant depletion of bacterial species belonging to the Muribaculaceae family, including Muribaculum intestinale and Duncaniella dubosii, accompanied by a cohort-dependent enrichment of Enterococcus and Prevotella species. These microbial shifts coincided with substantial and reproducible metabolic remodeling, including elevated fecal acylcarnitines and altered bile acid profiles. Notably, we identified two previously uncharacterized trihydroxylated bile acids conjugated to a hexose moiety, which we annotated as cholic acid-galactose and taurocholic acid-galactose and synthesized. These metabolites were consistently associated with antibiotic exposure across public metabolomics data repositories. Finally, alterations in the maternal fecal microbiome and metabolome were associated with increased weight gain in offspring, suggesting potential pathways by which maternal antibiotic exposure may influence early developmental outcomes. These findings highlight microbial and metabolic signatures linked to perinatal antibiotic use and underscore the need to balance infection control with long-term infant health considerations.
29. Effect of pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila MucT on insulin sensitivity, body composition, and GLP-1 production in subjects with metabolic syndrome: impact of low baseline gut Akkermansia levels.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Gut microbes
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila MucT was found to improve barrier function in preclinical models and a proof-of-concept study in obese and prediabetic adults. Here, we describe the results of a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter (Ireland and Germany) trial in 142 adults with metabolic syndrome, with or without prediabetes. The primary endpoint of whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) did not differ after 4-months of daily administration of capsules containing 30 billion cells of pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT compared to placebo in the intention-to-treat subjects. Subsequent exploratory analyses showed that 3-months intake of pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT already improved HOMA-based hepatic insulin sensitivity in prediabetic (12%; p = 0.05) and 63-y-or-older-age subgroups (p = 0.05) while increasing post-OGTT excursion of the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) over placebo (p < 0.01). Further analysis of the gut microbiota by deep metagenomic analysis showed minor effects of the intervention but revealed that the baseline microbial composition differed from that in matched healthy adults. We found that participants with low baseline Akkermansia gene counts experienced significant health improvements and GLP-1 excursion after 3-months of treatment with pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT over the placebo. These benefits included improved insulin sensitivity (as shown by Matsuda and HOMA-S indices) and GLP-1 excursion (post-OGTT) (p < 0.05), reductions in body weight (p = 0.06) and decreased trunk fat (p < 0.05). In conclusion, daily supplementation with pasteurized A. muciniphila MucT has the potential to improve health markers in overweight or obese normo- or dysglycemic adults with the most significant improvements in subjects with low baseline intestinal Akkermansia levels, who are apparently truly in need of this intervention. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT05114018 clinicaltrials.gov.
30. Caffeine makes a splash: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis exploring the effects of caffeine intake on swimming performance.
主题：临床研究与数据方法
期刊：Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
发表日期：2026-Dec-31
内容状态：待评估
为什么值得看：包含可供初筛的摘要；仅作为选题线索，不代表证据质量结论。
BACKGROUND: Evidence for acute caffeine supplementation in swimming remains inconsistent across reviews, likely due to between-study heterogeneity and methodological differences.
METHODS: Five databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled crossover trials exploring the effects of caffeine on swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Performance outcomes were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMD; Hedges’ g), with time outcomes sign-reversed so that positive values indicated improved performance. Dependence among multiple outcomes within studies was addressed using three-level random-effects models (REML). As a supplementary, interpretable metric, log ratios of means (lnRoM) were meta-analysed and expressed as percentage change. Post-exercise blood lactate (mmol/L) was pooled as mean differences (MD). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and certainty of evidence using GRADE. Prespecified exploratory moderator analyses examined potential effect modification (dose, timing, distance, administration form, stroke, gender, and athlete level).
RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included (144 men and 48 women), which contributed 28 performance effect sizes. Caffeine improved swimming performance (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.94; p = 0.005), corresponding to a +1.71% improvement in lnRoM (95% CI: +1.01% to +2.41%; p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was substantial (I²total = 64.7%) and primarily between studies. Eight studies contributed 24 blood lactate effect sizes. In the meta-analysis, caffeine increased post-test lactate (MD = 0.85 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.49; p = 0.016) with high heterogeneity (I²total = 76.5%). Exploratory moderator analyses suggested a possible dose-related pattern for swimming performance, with larger pooled effects at ≥6 mg/kg (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.38) than at <6 mg/kg (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.60; p difference = 0.017). Other performance moderators did not show clear between-subgroup differences. For lactate, exploratory subgroup analyses suggested larger increases in freestyle and short-distance events, although these patterns were more sensitive to modelling assumptions and should be interpreted cautiously.
CONCLUSION: Acute caffeine ingestion confers a moderate ergogenic benefit for swimming performance (SMD = 0.57, 1.7% improvement) and is associated with higher post-test blood lactate (MD = 0.85 mmol/L). Dose (≥6 mg/kg) may be associated with larger performance benefits, whereas lactate responses appear more pronounced in freestyle and shorter events. However, these subgroup findings are hypothesis-generating and require exploration.